JP2008048004A

JP2008048004A - Antenna

Info

Publication number: JP2008048004A
Application number: JP2006219351A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Toshihiro Sugiura; 敏博杉浦; Toru Sakamoto; 徹坂本; Yutaka Ozawa; 裕小澤
Original assignee: Maspro Denkoh Corp
Current assignee: Maspro Denkoh Corp
Priority date: 2006-08-11
Filing date: 2006-08-11
Publication date: 2008-02-28

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a high-performance antenna with a simple configuration even if it is small and lightweight. <P>SOLUTION: A reflector is provided with a plurality of combinations of windows at a predetermined distance on an axial line perpendicular to the direction of a polarization wave of the reflector, where each combination consists of a plurality of opening windows disposed in parallel on lines parallel to the direction of the polarization wave. The reflector has a size in which a distance between sides substantially perpendicular to the direction of the polarization of the reflector is almost half of the wavelength of the maximum frequency of a used frequency, and the opening dimension of each of the opening windows is formed so that the total dimension can be substantially the same as the wavelength of the minimum frequency in the used frequency, the total dimension consisting of the sum of the dimension of a lateral side substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction of the reflector and a long side positioned on the lateral side of an opening window positioned on the outermost among the opening windows disposed in parallel, the sum of dimension of opposite long pieces of the adjacent opening windows, and the dimension of substantially half of the sum of the entire circumference of all the opening windows. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は，主にテレビ受信に利用されるアンテナに関し，詳しくはＵＨＦ帯のテレビ電波を受信するＵＨＦアンテナの構成に関する。
The present invention relates to an antenna mainly used for television reception, and more particularly to a configuration of a UHF antenna that receives television radio waves in the UHF band.

従来，平面状導体で形成した反射器（即ち，平面反射器）を備え，その前方に近接して配置したダイポール素子を備えたアンテナが知られている。一般的にこの種のアンテナの反射器が有効に働くための寸法は，ダイポール素子によって誘起される電流の主要分布範囲と同程度又はそれ以上必要とされている。
（例えば，特許文献１参照）
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an antenna having a reflector (that is, a planar reflector) formed of a planar conductor and a dipole element disposed close to the front thereof is known. In general, the size of the reflector for this type of antenna is required to be as large as or larger than the main distribution range of the current induced by the dipole element.
(For example, see Patent Document 1)

特開２００１−２０３５３０号公報JP 2001-203530 A

ところで，近年広がりつつある地上ディジタル放送は，一定レベル以上の電波を受信できれば，ディジタル放送の持つその優れた特性によって綺麗な画像を受信することが出来ることから，従来のアナログ放送受信用アンテナで一般的であった八木・宇多式アンテナばかりでなく，ベランダでも屋内であっても簡単に取付ができ，しかも邪魔にならないような小型で軽量，且つデザイン性にも優れたアンテナが求められるようになった。このようなアンテナの例として前記ダイポール素子として示される放射素子と，該放射素子に対面して所定間隔だけ離して配置された前記平面反射器を備えた反射板付平面アンテナも地上ディジタル放送受信用アンテナとして利用できるものである。ところがこのように構成されたアンテナであっても，電気的特性を劣化させることなく，平面反射器と放射素子の間隔や，平面反射板の大きさを出来うる限り小さくするなどにより，更なる小型化，軽量化を実現したアンテナが望まれている。
しかしながら，電気的特性を維持したまま従来のような平面反射器を更に小型化するには限度があった。また，従来のアンテナを構成する平面状導体は，例えば金属板を金型等を使って打ち抜き加工すれば製作できると言った生産工程上の容易性はあるものの，電気的特性の安定化のために所定の板厚の平面状導体を使って反射器を形成するために反射器の重量が重くなり，延いてはアンテナが重くなると言った問題があった。
そこで本発明に係るアンテナは上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり，
その目的は，小型で軽量なアンテナを提供することを課題とする。
他の目的は，簡単な構成で小型化を実現できるアンテナを提供することを課題とする。
他の目的は，小型で軽量で有っても高性能なアンテナを提供することを課題とする。
他の目的は，地上ディジタル放送受信用として好適なアンテナを提供することを課題とする。
By the way, terrestrial digital broadcasting, which is spreading in recent years, can receive beautiful images due to its excellent characteristics if it can receive radio waves above a certain level. In addition to the Yagi / Uta type antennas that were the target, there is a need for antennas that can be easily installed on the veranda or indoors, and that are small, lightweight, and have good design that does not get in the way. It was. As an example of such an antenna, a radiating element shown as the dipole element, and a planar antenna with a reflecting plate provided with the planar reflector disposed facing the radiating element and spaced apart by a predetermined distance are also terrestrial digital broadcast receiving antennas. Can be used as However, even with an antenna configured in this way, the size of the planar reflector and the size of the planar reflector can be reduced as much as possible without degrading the electrical characteristics. Antennas that are more compact and lighter are desired.
However, there is a limit to further downsizing the conventional planar reflector while maintaining the electrical characteristics. In addition, although the planar conductor constituting the conventional antenna can be manufactured by punching a metal plate using a mold or the like, for example, although it is easy in the production process, it is necessary to stabilize the electrical characteristics. In addition, since the reflector is formed by using the planar conductor having a predetermined thickness, there is a problem that the weight of the reflector is increased and the antenna is also increased.
Therefore, the antenna according to the present invention has been made to solve the above problems,
The purpose is to provide a small and lightweight antenna.
Another object is to provide an antenna that can be miniaturized with a simple configuration.
Another object is to provide a high-performance antenna that is small and lightweight.
Another object is to provide an antenna suitable for receiving digital terrestrial broadcasting.

上記課題を解決するために，請求項１の発明は，少なくとも，放射器と反射器を備えるアンテナにおいて，
前記反射器は板体で形成され，該板体には偏波の方向に対して直交する方向に長手方向を有する１または複数の開口窓を形成した。
In order to solve the above problems, the invention of claim 1 is at least an antenna including a radiator and a reflector.
The reflector is formed of a plate, and one or a plurality of opening windows having a longitudinal direction in a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization is formed on the plate.

請求項２の発明は，請求項１に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記反射器は，偏波の方向に対して平行する線上に前記開口窓の長手方向の中心点を夫々一致させるように平行配置した複数の前記開口窓を備えるように構成される。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to the first aspect, the reflectors are arranged in parallel so that the longitudinal center points of the aperture windows coincide with each other on a line parallel to the direction of polarization. A plurality of the opening windows are provided.

請求項３の発明は，請求項２に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記反射器は，偏波の方向に対して平行する線上に平行配置した複数の前記開口窓を１組として，前記反射器の偏波の方向に対して直交する軸線上に所定間隔を有して複数組の開口窓を備えるように構成される。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to the second aspect, the reflector includes a plurality of the aperture windows arranged in parallel on a line parallel to the direction of polarization, and the deflection of the reflector. A plurality of sets of opening windows are provided at predetermined intervals on an axis perpendicular to the wave direction.

請求項４の発明は，請求項２または請求項３に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記反射器の大きさは該反射器の偏波の方向に対して略直交する側辺と側辺の間隔が使用周波数における最大周波数の０．４５波長から１．２波長であると共に，平行配置された１組の開口窓の配列方向の寸法であって，前記反射器の偏波の方向に対して略直交する側辺と平行配置された複数の開口窓の内の最も外側に位置する開口窓の前記側辺側に位置する長辺との間の寸法の合計と，隣り合う開口窓の相対向する長片の間の寸法の合計と，全開口窓の全周の合計の略２分の１の寸法と，の総合計寸法が使用周波数における最小周波数の０．４５波長から１．２波長となるように，前記開口窓の開口寸法を形成した。
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to the second or third aspect of the present invention, the size of the reflector is such that the distance between the side and the side substantially perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the reflector is used. The maximum frequency in the frequency range is 0.45 wavelength to 1.2 wavelength, and is a dimension in the arrangement direction of a pair of opening windows arranged in parallel, and is approximately orthogonal to the polarization direction of the reflector. The sum of the dimensions between the longest side located on the side of the outermost open window among the plurality of open windows arranged in parallel with the side and the long pieces facing each other of the adjacent open windows So that the total dimension of the sum of the dimensions between and the total circumference of the entire aperture window is approximately one-half of the total circumference of the entire aperture window is 0.45 to 1.2 wavelengths, which is the minimum frequency at the operating frequency. The opening size of the opening window was formed.

請求項５の発明は，請求項１から請求項４の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記放射器と前記反射器は，偏波の方向に対して平行する方向に短辺を有し偏波面の方向に対して直交する方向に充分に長い長辺を有する外形略四角形状に構成されており，このうち前記反射器は，偏波の方向に対して直交する方向に充分に長い長辺を有する第１の反射器と，該第１の反射器を挟んで両長辺側を夫々前記放射器方向に折曲部において折り曲げ形成した第２の反射器と，前記第１の反射器に形成した前記開口窓からなるように構成される。
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the radiator and the reflector have a short side in a direction parallel to a polarization direction. It is configured in a substantially rectangular shape having a long side sufficiently long in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the polarization plane. Of these, the reflector is long enough in the direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization. A first reflector having sides, a second reflector formed by bending both long sides of the first reflector in the direction of the radiator at the bent portion, and the first reflector. It is comprised so that it may consist of the said opening window formed in.

請求項６の発明は，請求項１から請求項４の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記放射器と前記反射器は，偏波の方向に対して平行する方向に短辺を有し，偏波面の方向に対して直交する方向に充分に長い長辺を有する外形略四角形状に構成されており，このうち前記反射器は，その両長辺側を前記放射器方向に向かって湾曲形成した第１の反射器と，該第１の反射器に形成した前記開口窓からなるように構成される。
The invention according to claim 6 is the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the radiator and the reflector have a short side in a direction parallel to a direction of polarization. The outer shape of the reflector has a sufficiently long long side in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the polarization plane. Of these, the reflector is curved in the direction of the radiator. The first reflector is formed, and the opening window is formed in the first reflector.

請求項７の発明は，請求項５または請求項６の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記第１の反射器がなす投影面の外形の大きさは，前記放射器がなす平面の投影面の外形と同じか僅かに大きく形成した。
A seventh aspect of the present invention is the antenna according to any one of the fifth and sixth aspects, wherein the projection surface formed by the first reflector has a projection size of a plane formed by the radiator. The outer shape of the surface was the same as or slightly larger.

請求項８の発明は，請求項５から請求項７の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記反射器の両長辺側の先端と導波器との間の寸法が使用周波数を代表する周波数の略０．０５から０．１波長となる位置に配設される。
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, the dimension between the tip on both long sides of the reflector and the director represents the operating frequency. It is disposed at a position where the frequency is approximately 0.05 to 0.1 wavelength.

請求項９の発明は，請求項５から請求項８の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記放射器はスケルトンスロットから構成される。
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the antenna according to any one of the fifth to eighth aspects, the radiator includes a skeleton slot.

請求項１０の発明は，請求項１から請求項９の何れか一項に記載のアンテナにおいて，前記使用周波数はＵＨＦ帯であるように構成される。
A tenth aspect of the present invention is the antenna according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the use frequency is a UHF band.

請求項１から４に示される構成のアンテナによれば，反射器を放射器の外形と比べて僅かに大きい形状で構成し，更にこの反射器には，受信する信号の偏波に直交する方向に長手方向を有する開口窓を所定数形成することによって，反射器の外形寸法が放射器より僅かに大きい形状であっても前後比を劣化させることがないアンテナを提供できる。そして，反射器を小さくすることによってアンテナ全体の形状を小さくできるばかりでなく，反射器に複数の開口窓が形成されることによって反射器自体の重量が軽くなると言った効果も有することとなり，この反射器を用いたアンテナは高性能な特性を維持しつつ小型化および軽量化が実現できる。
更に，この小型軽量化に伴い，設置場所の省スペース化が図られ，屋内であってもアンテナ支柱への取付けであっても，壁面やベランダ等への取付けであってもその設置が容易にできる有用性の高いアンテナを提供できるのである。
また，請求項５から請求項９に示される構成のアンテナによれば，偏波の方向に対して平行する方向に短辺を有し偏波面の方向に対して直交する方向に充分に長い長辺を有する外形略四角形状に構成した放射器と反射器とでアンテナを構成することによってスリムなアンテナが構成されるのであるが，前記反射器に形成された開口窓の効果と合わせて，極めてスリムに構成されたアンテナであっても電気的特性の優れたアンテナを提供できる。しかも，スリム化によりアンテナの周囲に突設する部分が殆どなくなるので，アンテナの小型軽量化だけでなく，設置の設置スペースの更なる省スペース化が可能となる。
そして請求項１０に示される構成のように，このアンテナをＵＨＦ帯に対応するように構成すれば，屋内であってもアンテナ支柱への取付けであっても，壁面やベランダ等への取付けであっても簡単に取付けができる地上ディジタル放送受信用に適した利便性の高いＵＨＦアンテナを提供することができる。
According to the antenna having the configuration shown in claims 1 to 4, the reflector is configured to have a shape slightly larger than the outer shape of the radiator, and the reflector has a direction orthogonal to the polarization of the received signal. By forming a predetermined number of opening windows having a longitudinal direction in the antenna, it is possible to provide an antenna in which the front-rear ratio is not deteriorated even if the external dimensions of the reflector are slightly larger than the radiator. And by reducing the reflector, not only the shape of the entire antenna can be reduced, but also the effect of reducing the weight of the reflector itself by forming multiple aperture windows in the reflector. An antenna using a reflector can be reduced in size and weight while maintaining high performance characteristics.
In addition, with this reduction in size and weight, installation space has been reduced, making it easy to install indoors, whether attached to an antenna support, or mounted on a wall or a veranda. It is possible to provide a highly useful antenna.
In addition, according to the antenna of the configuration shown in claims 5 to 9, the antenna has a short side in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization and a sufficiently long length in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the polarization plane. A slim antenna is formed by configuring an antenna with a radiator and a reflector having a substantially rectangular shape having sides. In combination with the effect of the aperture window formed in the reflector, Even an antenna having a slim structure can provide an antenna having excellent electrical characteristics. In addition, since there is almost no portion protruding around the antenna due to slimming, not only the antenna can be reduced in size and weight, but also the installation space for installation can be further reduced.
If this antenna is configured so as to correspond to the UHF band as in the structure shown in claim 10, it can be mounted indoors or on an antenna column, on a wall surface or on a veranda. However, it is possible to provide a highly convenient UHF antenna suitable for receiving terrestrial digital broadcasting that can be easily mounted.

以下に，本発明を具体化した実施形態の例を，図面を基に詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明に係るアンテナの第１実施例を示す概略斜視図であり，図２（ａ）は図１に示されるアンテナを構成する反射器を拡大した正面図であり，（ｂ）は反射器と同じ倍率で示される放射器の正面図である。図３は第１実施例のアンテナの概略断面図である。図４は本発明に係るアンテナの第２実施形態を示す概略斜視図であり，（ａ）は正面側から見た斜視図であり，（ｂ）は背面側から見た斜視図である。図５は第２実施例のアンテナを構成する放射器の概略構成を示す正面図である。図６は第２実施例のアンテナを構成する反射器の拡大したものであり，（ａ）は正面図，（ｂ）は背面図，（ｃ）は右側面図，（ｄ）は上面図を示す。図７（ａ）は反射器の一部を破断した背面部分拡大図であり，（ｂ）は上面拡大図である。図８は第２実施例のアンテナの使用例を示す概略図である。図９は第２実施形態のアンテナにおいて，反射器の形状を変化させたときの電気的特性の変化のデータを示す。
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention, FIG. 2A is an enlarged front view of a reflector constituting the antenna shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a front view of the radiator shown by the same magnification as a reflector. FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the antenna of the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention, (a) is a perspective view seen from the front side, and (b) is a perspective view seen from the back side. FIG. 5 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a radiator constituting the antenna of the second embodiment. 6A and 6B are enlarged views of the reflector constituting the antenna of the second embodiment. FIG. 6A is a front view, FIG. 6B is a rear view, FIG. 6C is a right side view, and FIG. Show. FIG. 7A is an enlarged view of the back surface partly broken away from the reflector, and FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of the upper surface. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of use of the antenna of the second embodiment. FIG. 9 shows data of changes in electrical characteristics when the shape of the reflector is changed in the antenna of the second embodiment.

（第１の実施例）
本発明に係るアンテナの第１実施例の構成を図１および図２を用いて説明する。図１に示される１は本願の第１実施例のアンテナであり，水平偏波の電波を受信するように構成たものである。この実施例によれば１０に示される放射器を挟んで対向するように，前方に導波器２，後方に反射器２０を配設したアンテナ構成となっている。
図２（ｂ）に良く示されるように，前記放射器１０は水平方向に直交する方向に略平行配置される側辺１０ｂ，１０ｃと，該側片の上下両端側に前記側辺を挟むように配設される上辺１０ｄおよび下辺１０ｅと，その側辺１０ｂ，１０ｃの夫々の略中央から放射器１０の中心に向かって対向するように前記上辺１０ｄおよび下辺１０ｅと略平行に突設した，その先端部に給電点１０ａ，１０ａを備える中辺１０ｆとを備えた外形略四角形状に構成されている。
同様に，図１に示される前記導波器２は，水平方向に直交する方向に略平行配置される側辺２ｂ，２ｃと，該側片の上下両端側に前記側片を挟むように配設される上辺２ｄおよび下辺２ｅと，その側辺２ｂ，２ｃの夫々の略中央を接続する前記上辺１０ｄおよび下辺１９ｅと略平行に配設される中辺２ｆとを備えた外形略四角形状に構成されており，前記放射器１０と前記導波器２はそれぞれスケルトンスロットアンテナとされるアンテナを構成している。
尚，本願の実施例に示す放射器１０および導波器２は，何れも金属材料を金型等によって所定の寸法に打ち抜き成形する事によって形成されているが，この実施例に限定されるものではなく，例えば，導電材を備えたプリント配線板をエッチングすることで放射素子および反射素子を構成しても良いし，導電シートを所定寸法に加工するように構成してもよい。
(First embodiment)
The configuration of the first embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Reference numeral 1 shown in FIG. 1 denotes an antenna of the first embodiment of the present application, which is configured to receive horizontally polarized radio waves. According to this embodiment, the antenna configuration is such that the waveguide 2 is disposed in the front and the reflector 20 is disposed in the rear so as to be opposed to each other with the radiator indicated by 10.
As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the radiator 10 has side sides 10b and 10c arranged substantially parallel to a direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction, and the side sides sandwiched between the upper and lower ends of the side piece. The upper side 10d and the lower side 10e, and the side sides 10b and 10c of the upper side 10d and the lower side 10e project substantially parallel to the upper side 10d and the lower side 10e so as to face each other toward the center of the radiator 10. It is configured in a substantially rectangular shape having a middle side 10f provided with feeding points 10a and 10a at the tip.
Similarly, the waveguide 2 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged such that the side pieces are sandwiched between the side edges 2b and 2c arranged substantially parallel to the direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction and the upper and lower ends of the side pieces. It has a substantially rectangular outer shape having an upper side 2d and a lower side 2e provided, and a middle side 2f arranged substantially parallel to the upper side 10d and the lower side 19e connecting the respective approximate sides of the side sides 2b and 2c. The radiator 10 and the director 2 constitute an antenna which is a skeleton slot antenna.
The radiator 10 and the waveguide 2 shown in the embodiment of the present application are both formed by stamping and molding a metal material to a predetermined size with a mold or the like, but are limited to this embodiment. Instead, for example, the radiating element and the reflecting element may be configured by etching a printed wiring board provided with a conductive material, or the conductive sheet may be processed into a predetermined size.

次に反射器２０について説明する。本発明に示される反射器２０は図２（ａ）に示されるように，前記放射器１０および導波器２と同様に外形略四角形状に形成された反射板２１と，該反射板２１に複数形成された受信する電波の偏波方向に直交する方向（本発明の実施例では水平偏波の信号を受信するように構成されているので図に示される上下方向）に長手方向を有する開口窓２２（２２ａ，２２ｂ，・・・）から構成されている。尚，本発明の実施例における開口窓２２は受信する電波の偏波方向に略平行な線上に，それぞれ中心点を一致させて８個平行配置したものを１組として，反射器２０の上下に２組配列するように形成されている。
Next, the reflector 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2A, the reflector 20 shown in the present invention includes a reflector 21 formed in a substantially square shape, similar to the radiator 10 and the director 2, and the reflector 21. An opening having a longitudinal direction in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of a plurality of radio waves to be received (in the embodiment of the present invention, it is configured so as to receive a horizontally polarized signal, the vertical direction shown in the figure) It is comprised from the window 22 (22a, 22b, ...). In the embodiment of the present invention, the aperture windows 22 are arranged on a line substantially parallel to the polarization direction of the received radio wave, and a set of eight windows arranged in parallel with their respective center points coincided with each other above and below the reflector 20. Two sets are arranged.

一般的に八木・宇田式アンテナにおいては放射器と反射器の間隔は使用周波数の中心周波数の略４分の１波長の間隔が必要とされており，反射器の大きさとしては放射器に誘起される電流の主要分布範囲と同程度又はそれ以上必要とされている。従ってアンテナを小型化するためには，一番大きくなる反射器の外形を小さくしたり，反射器と放射器の間隔を狭めたりする必要が生じ，それに合わせるように放射器を最適化していく必要がある。しかしながら，反射器を小型化するにしろ，放射器と反射器の間隔を狭めるにしろ，アンテナが所定の電気的特性を維持したまま小型化するには夫々の最適化にも限界が生じる。図２（ａ），（ｂ）に示される反射器２０と放射器１０は，発明人が最適化実験をすることによって得られた構成例を示すものである。尚，ここに示す例はＵＨＦ帯の信号を受信するように構成されたものの実施例を示すものであるが，特に実施例の周波数帯に限定されるものではない。
図２（ｂ）に示される放射器１０は，中辺１０ｆの幅等について実験を繰り返し最適化し得られた結果を示している。これによれば放射器１０は，側片１０ｂ（１０ｃ）の長さ（図におけるＨ２）が略１１５ｍｍ，上辺（下辺）の長さ（図におけるＷ２）が略２１５ｍｍの矩形をしている。中辺１０ｆの突出寸法Ｌ６＝略１００ｍｍであり，その元部の幅Ｌ７＝略５０ｍｍであり，先端部から元部に向かって略５０ｍｍは幅Ｌ９＝略６５ｍｍの先太となるように形成されており，その先太部には給電点１０ａを有する。また，上辺１０ｄおよび下辺１０の幅Ｌ８＝略２０ｍｍであり，側辺１０ｂおよび１０ｃの幅は略１０ｍｍである。
In general, the Yagi-Uda antenna requires a distance of about one quarter of the center frequency of the used frequency as the distance between the radiator and the reflector. The size of the reflector is induced in the radiator. As much as or more than the main distribution range of the current being generated. Therefore, in order to reduce the size of the antenna, it is necessary to reduce the outer shape of the largest reflector or to reduce the distance between the reflector and the radiator, and it is necessary to optimize the radiator to match it. There is. However, even if the reflector is miniaturized or the distance between the radiator and the reflector is narrowed, there is a limit to each optimization in order to miniaturize the antenna while maintaining predetermined electrical characteristics. The reflector 20 and the radiator 10 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B show configuration examples obtained by the inventor through an optimization experiment. The example shown here is an example of what is configured to receive a UHF band signal, but is not particularly limited to the frequency band of the example.
The radiator 10 shown in FIG. 2B shows a result obtained by repeatedly optimizing the experiment with respect to the width of the middle side 10f and the like. According to this, the radiator 10 has a rectangular shape in which the length of the side piece 10b (10c) (H2 in the figure) is approximately 115 mm and the length of the upper side (lower side) (W2 in the figure) is approximately 215 mm. The projecting dimension L6 of the middle side 10f is approximately 100 mm, the width L7 of the base portion is approximately 50 mm, and approximately 50 mm from the front end portion toward the base portion is formed to have a tip having a width L9 = approximately 65 mm. It has a feeding point 10a at its thick end. Further, the width L8 of the upper side 10d and the lower side 10 is approximately 20 mm, and the width of the side sides 10b and 10c is approximately 10 mm.

これに対応する反射器２０が図２（ａ）に示されている。これによるとこの反射器２０の側辺２０ｂ（側辺２０ｃ）の寸法（図におけるＨ１）は放射器１０の側辺１０ｂ（１０ｃ）の寸法より僅かに大きくなるように形成されているのであるが，その側辺２０ｂと２０ｃとの間の寸法（図におけるＷ１）は次の条件に当てはまるように形成されている。即ち，反射器２０の偏波の方向に対して略直交する側辺２０ｂと側辺２０ｃとの間隔（即ち，図における経路Ｒ２の長さ）が，使用周波数における最大周波数の波長をλ２とすると，０．４５λ２から１．２λ２であるように構成されると共に，前記反射器２０の偏波の方向に対して略直交する側辺２０ｂおよび２０ｃと平行配置された１組の開口窓２２ａ，２２ｂ，・・・２２ｈの内の最も外側に位置する開口窓（図における２２ａおよび２２ｈ）の前記側辺側に位置する長辺との間の寸法（図におけるＬ３）の合計と，隣り合う開口窓の相対向する長片の間の寸法（図におけるＬ４）の合計と，全開口窓の全周の合計｛８×（２×Ｌ１＋２×Ｌ２）｝の略２分の１の寸法（８×Ｌ１＋８×Ｌ２）と，の総合計寸法（即ち，図における経路Ｒ１の長さ）が，使用周波数における最小周波数の波長をλ１とすると，０．４５λ１から１．２λ１になるように，前記開口窓２２の開口寸法が形成され配置されている。
この結果によれば，反射器の大きさは側辺２０ｂ（２０ｃ）の長さＨ１＝略１３０ｍｍで，側辺間の長さＷ１＝略２４５ｍｍの矩形であり，開口窓の開口寸法（Ｌ１×Ｌ２）は５５ｍｍ×１０ｍｍの大きさに形成されている。そしてＬ３＝略３０ｍｍ，Ｌ４＝略１５ｍｍである。
尚，開口窓の開口寸法，開口窓の形成数は一例を示すものであり，必要とする電気的特性が得られるのであれば，特に実施例に示されるものに限定されるものではない。
A corresponding reflector 20 is shown in FIG. According to this, the dimension (H1 in the figure) of the side 20b (side 20c) of the reflector 20 is formed to be slightly larger than the dimension of the side 10b (10c) of the radiator 10. , The dimension between the side edges 20b and 20c (W1 in the figure) is formed so as to satisfy the following conditions. That is, when the distance between the side 20b and the side 20c substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the reflector 20 (that is, the length of the path R2 in the figure) is λ2, the wavelength of the maximum frequency in the use frequency is λ2. , 0.45λ2 to 1.2λ2, and a pair of opening windows 22a and 22b arranged in parallel with the side edges 20b and 20c substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the reflector 20 , ... 22h, the total of the dimension (L3 in the figure) between the longest side located on the side of the outermost opening window (22a and 22h in the figure) and the adjacent opening window Approximate dimension (8 × L1 + 8) of the sum of the dimensions (L4 in the figure) between the opposing long pieces and the total perimeter of the entire aperture window {8 × (2 × L1 + 2 × L2)}. × L2) and the total dimension (that is, the path R1 in the figure) The opening dimension of the opening window 22 is formed and arranged so that the length) is 0.45λ1 to 1.2λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength of the minimum frequency at the operating frequency.
According to this result, the size of the reflector is a rectangle with the length H1 of the side 20b (20c) = approximately 130 mm and the length W1 between the sides = approximately 245 mm, and the opening dimension (L1 × L2) is formed in a size of 55 mm × 10 mm. L3 = approximately 30 mm and L4 = approximately 15 mm.
Note that the opening size of the opening window and the number of openings formed are only examples, and are not particularly limited to those shown in the embodiments as long as the required electrical characteristics can be obtained.

このように構成された放射器１０，導波器２，反射器２０を用いたアンテナの構造について図３を用いて説明する。図における５は合成樹脂材等から形成されている化粧ケースでありケース本体６と蓋体７とから構成されている。ケース本体６は内部に各素子を収納する空間を有し一方を開放した箱状に形成されている。アンテナの組み立て手順として，先ず導波器２をケース本体６の底部（アンテナとしては前方となる位置）に形成された導波器支持脚６ａに組付ける。次に，ケース本体６の中間位置に形成された反射器支持脚６ｂに反射器を組付ける。本発明においては導波器２と反射器１０との間隔は略４５ｍｍとなるように支持脚の間隔が決められている。
ケース本体６の下面であって，放射器１０を取付けた位置からケース本体６の開口部との間には，ケース本体６内部と外部とを接続するアンテナ出力端子であるＦ型接栓座１１が設けられており，放射器１０を組付けた後に，この放射器１０の給電点１０ａと出力端子１１との間に，平衡線路１２，平衡不平衡変換部１３等を接続する。
The structure of the antenna using the radiator 10, the waveguide 2 and the reflector 20 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 5 denotes a decorative case formed of a synthetic resin material or the like, and includes a case main body 6 and a lid body 7. The case body 6 is formed in a box shape having a space in which each element is accommodated and an open side. As a procedure for assembling the antenna, first, the waveguide 2 is assembled to a waveguide support leg 6a formed on the bottom of the case main body 6 (a front position as an antenna). Next, the reflector is assembled to the reflector support leg 6 b formed at the intermediate position of the case body 6. In the present invention, the distance between the support legs is determined so that the distance between the waveguide 2 and the reflector 10 is approximately 45 mm.
An F-type plug seat 11, which is an antenna output terminal for connecting the inside and outside of the case body 6, between the lower surface of the case body 6 and the opening of the case body 6 from the position where the radiator 10 is attached. After the radiator 10 is assembled, the balanced line 12, the balanced / unbalanced conversion unit 13 and the like are connected between the feeding point 10a of the radiator 10 and the output terminal 11.

次に，反射器２０を蓋体７に周知の組付け手段によって組付ける。そして，導波器２と放射器１０と出力端子１１との接続が完了したケース本体６の開口部を反射器２０が組み付けられた蓋体７で閉塞することによってアンテナ１は組付けが完了する。
尚，本発明の実施例においてはケース本体６に導波器２と放射器１０を備えさせる例を示したが，ケース本体６には導波器２を備え，放射器１０と反射器２０を蓋体７に組付けるようにしてもよい。この場合アンテナ出力端子１１は蓋体７側に備えさせれば良い。更に増幅部内蔵のアンテナにする場合は，この増幅部をアンテナの特性に影響のない場所に設置すればよい。また，アンテナ支柱や建造物に取付ける為の図には示されていないアンテナ支持具は，蓋体の後方に備えさせればよい。
Next, the reflector 20 is assembled to the lid 7 by a known assembling means. Then, the antenna 1 is completely assembled by closing the opening of the case body 6 in which the connection of the waveguide 2, the radiator 10, and the output terminal 11 is completed with the lid body 7 to which the reflector 20 is assembled. .
In the embodiment of the present invention, the case body 6 includes the waveguide 2 and the radiator 10. However, the case body 6 includes the waveguide 2 and the radiator 10 and the reflector 20. You may make it assemble | attach to the cover body 7. FIG. In this case, the antenna output terminal 11 may be provided on the lid 7 side. Further, when an antenna with a built-in amplifier is used, the amplifier may be installed in a place that does not affect the antenna characteristics. Further, an antenna support that is not shown in the figure for attaching to an antenna support or a building may be provided behind the lid.

以上本発明に係る第１実施例のアンテナによれば，反射器２０を放射器１０の外形より僅かに大きい形状で構成し，更にこの反射器には，受信する信号の偏波に直交する方向に長手方向を有する開口窓を所定数形成することによって，反射器２０の外形寸法が放射器１０とより僅かに大きい大きさであっても前後比を劣化させることがないのでアンテナの形状を小さくできばかりでなく，反射器２０に複数の開口窓が形成されることによって反射器２０自体の重量が軽くなると言った効果も有することとなり，この反射器を用いたアンテナは高い電気的特性を維持しつつ，小型化および軽量化を実現したアンテナを提供できる。
更に，この小型軽量化に伴い，設置場所の省スペース化が図られ，加えて高性能であることから，屋内であってもアンテナ支柱への取付けであっても，壁面やベランダ等への取付けであっても，何れの設置においても好適な汎用性の高いアンテナを提供できるのである。
As described above, according to the antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention, the reflector 20 is configured to have a shape slightly larger than the outer shape of the radiator 10, and the reflector has a direction orthogonal to the polarization of the received signal. By forming a predetermined number of opening windows having a longitudinal direction in the antenna, the front-rear ratio is not deteriorated even if the outer dimensions of the reflector 20 are slightly larger than those of the radiator 10, so that the antenna shape can be reduced. In addition to this, the reflector 20 has the effect of reducing the weight of the reflector 20 itself by forming a plurality of aperture windows in the reflector 20, and the antenna using this reflector maintains high electrical characteristics. However, it is possible to provide an antenna that has been reduced in size and weight.
Furthermore, along with this reduction in size and weight, the installation space is reduced, and in addition, because of its high performance, it can be mounted on a wall or a veranda, whether indoors or mounted on an antenna post. Even so, it is possible to provide a highly versatile antenna suitable for any installation.

（第２の実施例）
次に本発明に係るアンテナの第２の実施形態として図４から図７および図９を参照して説明する。図４は本発明に係るアンテナの第２実施例を示す概略の斜視図であり，（ａ）は正面（放射器）側から見た斜視図，（ｂ）は背面（反射器）側から見た斜視図である。本発明の第２の実施例のアンテナは図４に１００に示されている。この実施例によるアンテナは受信する電波の偏波方向に平行に短辺を有し，偏波方向に直交する方向に充分長い長辺を有する縦長のアンテナ構成をしており，放射器５０と反射器６０とから構成されている。
(Second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention, where (a) is a perspective view seen from the front (radiator) side, and (b) is seen from the back (reflector) side. FIG. The antenna of the second embodiment of the present invention is shown at 100 in FIG. The antenna according to this embodiment has a vertically long antenna configuration having a short side parallel to the polarization direction of the received radio wave and a sufficiently long side in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction. And the device 60.

図４および図５に示されるように，放射器５０は水平方向に直交する方向に略平行配置される側辺５１ｂ，５１ｃと，該側片の上下両端側に前記側片を挟むように配設される上辺５１ｄおよび下辺５１ｅからなる縦長形状に形成された第１の放射素子５１と，その第１の放射素子５１のループ内部にあって，水平方向に直交する方向に略平行配置される側辺５２ｂ，５２ｃと，該側片の上下両端側に前記側片を挟むように配設される上辺５２ｄおよび下辺５２ｅからなる縦長形状に形成された第２の放射素子５２とを備え，第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子は夫々の側辺の略中央から放射器５０の中心に向かって対向するように突設され，その先端部に給電点５０ａ，５０ａを備える共通の中辺５０ｆによって接続されており，この第１の放射素子５１と第２の放射素子５２はそれぞれスケルトンスロットアンテナを多重に配置した構成となっている。
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the radiator 50 is arranged so that the side pieces 51b and 51c are arranged substantially in parallel in the direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction, and the side pieces are sandwiched between the upper and lower ends of the side pieces. A first radiating element 51 formed in a vertically long shape composed of an upper side 51d and a lower side 51e provided and a loop of the first radiating element 51 are arranged substantially in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction. Side edges 52b, 52c, and a second radiating element 52 formed in a vertically long shape composed of an upper side 52d and a lower side 52e disposed so as to sandwich the side piece between the upper and lower ends of the side piece, The first radiating element and the second radiating element are provided so as to face each other from approximately the center of each side toward the center of the radiator 50, and a common middle side provided with feeding points 50a and 50a at the tip thereof. 50f, and this first release is connected. The element 51 the second radiating element 52 has a configuration of arranging the skeleton slot antenna multiplexing, respectively.

第１の放射素子５１の所定位置には放射素子の間を接続して短絡するための第１のショートバー５３が形成されている。本発明の第２の実施例における第１ショートバー５３は中辺５０ｆと略平行に側辺５１ｂと側辺５１ｃとの間を接続するように構成されており，中辺５０ｆを挟んで放射器の上下対称となる位置にそれぞれ配設（５３ｄ，５３ｅ）されている。この第１のショートバー５３は第１の放射素子の広帯域化を実現するためのものである。
また，第１の放射素子５１と第２の放射素子５２との間の所定位置には，第１の放射素子５１と第２の放射素子５２を接続して短絡するための第２のショートバー５４が形成されている。この第２のショートバーは第１の放射素子５１と第２の放射素子５２とが相互に干渉して特性が悪くなるのを防止するためのものである。
尚，本発明に係る第２の実施例における第１のショートバー５３と第２のショートバー５４は，放射器５０の構成に合わせて，必要とする電気的特性が得られる所定の位置に設ければよいのであるが，この実施例においては第１のショートバー５３と第２のショートバー５４は，それぞれ第２の放射素子５２の上辺５２ｄ，下辺５２ｅと重合される位置に配設されており，図には上下にそれぞれ一本ずつのショートバーとして示されている。
これによれば放射器５０の第１の放射素子５１は，線幅１５ｍｍの金属導体で側片５１ｂ（５１ｃ）の長さ（図におけるＨ１１）が略５６０ｍｍ，上辺（下辺）の長さ（図におけるＷ１１）が略１００ｍｍの矩形となるように形成されている。第２の放射素子５２は，線幅５ｍｍの金属導体で側片５２ｂ（５２ｃ）の長さが略３３０ｍｍ，上辺（下辺）の長さが略３０ｍｍの矩形となるように形成されている。第１の放射素子５１と第２の放射素子の左右方向の略２０ｍｍ離して配設されている。中辺５０ｆの突出寸法は略３０ｍｍ，幅略１０ｍｍであり，その先端部には給電点５０ａを有する。
A first short bar 53 is formed at a predetermined position of the first radiating element 51 to connect and short-circuit the radiating elements. The first short bar 53 in the second embodiment of the present invention is configured to connect between the side 51b and the side 51c substantially parallel to the middle side 50f, and the radiator is sandwiched between the middle side 50f. Are arranged (53d, 53e) at positions that are vertically symmetrical. The first short bar 53 is for realizing a broad band of the first radiating element.
Further, a second short bar for connecting and short-circuiting the first radiating element 51 and the second radiating element 52 at a predetermined position between the first radiating element 51 and the second radiating element 52. 54 is formed. The second short bar is for preventing the first radiating element 51 and the second radiating element 52 from interfering with each other to deteriorate the characteristics.
Incidentally, the first short bar 53 and the second short bar 54 in the second embodiment according to the present invention are provided at predetermined positions where necessary electrical characteristics can be obtained according to the configuration of the radiator 50. However, in this embodiment, the first short bar 53 and the second short bar 54 are arranged at positions where they overlap with the upper side 52d and the lower side 52e of the second radiating element 52, respectively. In the figure, it is shown as one short bar at the top and bottom.
According to this, the first radiating element 51 of the radiator 50 is a metal conductor having a line width of 15 mm, the length of the side piece 51b (51c) (H11 in the figure) is approximately 560 mm, and the length of the upper side (lower side) (see FIG. W11) is formed to be a rectangle of approximately 100 mm. The second radiating element 52 is a metal conductor having a line width of 5 mm and is formed in a rectangular shape having a side piece 52b (52c) having a length of about 330 mm and an upper side (lower side) having a length of about 30 mm. The first radiating element 51 and the second radiating element are disposed approximately 20 mm apart in the left-right direction. The projecting dimension of the middle side 50f is about 30 mm and the width is about 10 mm, and has a feeding point 50a at the tip.

次に反射器６０について説明する。本発明の第２の実施例に示される反射器６０は図４および図６に示されている。反射器６０の大きさは，前記放射器５０がなす平面の投影面の外形と同じか僅かに大きく形成した縦長の外形略四角形状に形成された第１の反射板６１と，該第１の反射器６１を挟んで両長辺側を夫々前記放射器５０方向に折曲部６０ｂ，６０ｃにおいて折り曲げ形成した第２の反射器６２，６２と，前記第１の反射器６１に複数形成された受信する電波の偏波方向に直交する方向（本発明の実施例では水平偏波の信号を受信するように構成されているので図に示される上下方向）に長手方向を有する開口窓６３（６３ａ，６３ｂ，・・・）から構成されている。本発明における開口窓６３は反射板の水平方向に７個平行配置したものを１組として，第１の反射器６１の上下方向に５組配列するように形成されている。
Next, the reflector 60 will be described. The reflector 60 shown in the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. The size of the reflector 60 is the same as or slightly larger than the outer shape of the flat projection surface formed by the radiator 50, and the first reflecting plate 61 formed in a substantially rectangular shape having a vertically long outer shape and the first reflecting plate 61. A plurality of second reflectors 62 and 62 are formed in the first reflector 61 by bending both long sides of the reflector 61 in the direction of the radiator 50 at the bent portions 60b and 60c. Opening window 63 (63a) having a longitudinal direction in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the radio wave to be received (in the embodiment of the present invention, it is configured to receive a horizontally polarized signal, the vertical direction shown in the figure). , 63b,... The opening windows 63 in the present invention are formed so that five sets of seven parallel windows in the horizontal direction of the reflector plate are arranged in the vertical direction of the first reflector 61.

次にこの例に示される反射器６０の寸法について図７を用いて詳しく説明する。尚，図７（ａ）における第２の反射器６２は，以降の説明が明確になるように，第１の反射器６１と同一平面上になるように両側に開いた状態（折り曲げ形成する前の状態）で示されている。
第１の反射器６１は上述のように放射器５０がなす平面の投影面の外形（図に示すＨ１１×Ｗ１１）と同じか僅かに大きく形成されているのであるが，第２の反射器６２，６２を含めた寸法は次の条件に当てはまるように形成されている。即ち，第１の反射器６１の短辺（図７（ｂ）に示されるＷ２２）と第２の反射器６２の短辺（図７（ａ）に示されるＬ１５）の合計寸法（図に示す経路Ｒ２０の長さであり，第２の反射器６２の先端から先端までのコ字状に形成された反射器の寸法）が使用周波数における最大周波数の波長λ２に対して０．４５λ２から１．２λ２であるように構成されると共に，平行配置された１組の開口窓６３の配列方向の寸法であって，前記第２の反射器の短辺寸法（図におけるＬ１５）の合計と，前記折曲部６０ｂ，６０ｃと前記開口窓の内の最も外側に配置された前記開口窓（図における６２ａ，６２ｇ）の折曲部側に位置する長辺との間の寸法（図におけるＬ１３）の合計と，隣り合う開口窓の相対向する長辺の間の寸法（図におけるＬ１４）の合計と，全開口窓の全周の合計｛７×（２×Ｌ１＋２×Ｌ２）｝の略２分の１の寸法（７×Ｌ１＋７×Ｌ２）と，の総合計寸法（即ち，図における経路Ｒ１０の長さ）が使用周波数における最小周波数の波長λ１に対して０．４５λ１から１．２λ１となるように，前記開口窓６３の開口寸法が形成されている。
これによれば反射器６０は第１の反射器６１の大きさが略５６０×１００ｍｍであり，開口窓の開口寸法は９５×７ｍｍである。また第２の反射器６２の短辺の寸法は略４５ｍｍである。
尚，開口窓の開口寸法，開口窓の形成数は一例を示すものであり，必要とする電気的特性が得られるのであれば，特に実施例に示されるものに限定されるものではない。
Next, the dimensions of the reflector 60 shown in this example will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Note that the second reflector 62 in FIG. 7A is open on both sides so as to be on the same plane as the first reflector 61 (before being bent) so that the following description will be clear. In the state).
The first reflector 61 is formed to be the same as or slightly larger than the outer shape (H11 × W11 shown in the figure) of the planar projection surface formed by the radiator 50 as described above. , 62 are formed so as to satisfy the following conditions. That is, the total dimension (shown in the drawing) of the short side of the first reflector 61 (W22 shown in FIG. 7B) and the short side of the second reflector 62 (L15 shown in FIG. 7A). The length of the path R20 and the size of the reflector formed in a U-shape from the tip of the second reflector 62 to the tip is 0.45λ2 to 1. 2 λ 2, which is a dimension in the arrangement direction of a pair of opening windows 63 arranged in parallel, the sum of the short side dimensions (L 15 in the figure) of the second reflector, and the folding Sum of dimensions (L13 in the drawing) between the curved portions 60b and 60c and the long side located on the bent portion side of the opening window (62a and 62g in the drawing) arranged on the outermost side of the opening window And the dimension (L14 in the figure) between the opposing long sides of the adjacent opening windows The total dimension of the total and the total {7 × (2 × L1 + 2 × L2)} (7 × L1 + 7 × L2) of the total circumference of all the aperture windows (ie, path R10 in the figure) The aperture size of the aperture window 63 is formed such that the length of the aperture window 63 is 0.45λ1 to 1.2λ1 with respect to the wavelength λ1 of the minimum frequency at the use frequency.
According to this, in the reflector 60, the size of the first reflector 61 is approximately 560 × 100 mm, and the opening size of the opening window is 95 × 7 mm. The short side dimension of the second reflector 62 is approximately 45 mm.
Note that the opening size of the opening window and the number of openings formed are only examples, and are not particularly limited to those shown in the embodiments as long as the required electrical characteristics can be obtained.

ここで本発明に係るアンテナの反射器の効果について図９を用いて説明する。図９に示されるデータは反射器の形状を変化させたり，開口窓６３を備えたりしたときのデータ変化を示すものである。図９において反射器Ａで示されるのは，反射器の大きさが５６０×１９０ｍｍの，一般的にアンテナに使われる平板状（つまり，第２の反射器６２が第１の反射器６１と同一平面上になるように両側に開いた状態（折り曲げ形成する前の状態）であり，開口窓は形成されていない状態。この場合，経路Ｒ２０は直線となりその寸法は１９０ｍｍとなる。）である時のデータである。(即ち，反射器Ａ＝平板状)。
図９において反射板Ｂで示されるのは，平板状である反射板Ａの第１の反射器６１に当たる部分に，開口寸法が９５×７ｍｍである開口窓６３を，第１の反射板６１の水平方向に７個平行配置したものを１組として，第１の反射器６１の上下方向に５組配列した場合のデータである。この場合も経路Ｒ２０は直線となりその寸法は１９０ｍｍとなる。(即ち，反射器Ｂ＝平板状＋開口窓)。
図９において反射器Ｃで示されるのは，本発明に係る実施例に示される反射器であり，図７（ｂ）によく示されるように反射器６０は第１の反射器６１の両端側から第２の反射器６２を放射器方向に折り曲げ形成した断面略コ字状に形成されており，第１の反射器６１には上記開口窓６３が形成されている場合のデータである。この場合，経路Ｒ２０は直線ではなく，第１の反射器６１が１００ｍｍであり第２の反射器が４５ｍｍ×２であるから，そのコ字状の寸法は上記反射器Ａおよび反射器Ｂと同じ１９０ｍｍとなる。(即ち，反射器Ｃ＝コ字状＋開口窓)。
Here, the effect of the reflector of the antenna according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The data shown in FIG. 9 shows the data change when the shape of the reflector is changed or the aperture window 63 is provided. In FIG. 9, the reflector A is a flat plate generally used for an antenna having a reflector size of 560 × 190 mm (that is, the second reflector 62 is the same as the first reflector 61. When it is open on both sides so that it is on a flat surface (state before bending) and no opening window is formed (in this case, the path R20 is a straight line and its dimension is 190 mm). It is data of. (That is, reflector A = flat plate shape).
In FIG. 9, the reflection plate B shows an opening window 63 having an opening size of 95 × 7 mm at a portion corresponding to the first reflector 61 of the reflection plate A having a flat plate shape. This is data in the case where five sets are arranged in the vertical direction of the first reflector 61 with one set arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction as one set. Also in this case, the path R20 is a straight line and the dimension is 190 mm. (Ie, reflector B = flat plate + open window).
In FIG. 9, the reflector C is the reflector shown in the embodiment according to the present invention, and the reflector 60 is the both ends of the first reflector 61 as shown in FIG. 7B. The second reflector 62 is formed in a substantially U-shaped cross-section by bending the second reflector 62 in the direction of the radiator, and the data is obtained when the opening window 63 is formed in the first reflector 61. In this case, the path R20 is not a straight line, and the first reflector 61 is 100 mm and the second reflector is 45 mm × 2, so the U-shaped dimension is the same as the reflector A and the reflector B. 190 mm. (That is, reflector C = U shape + opening window).

本発明の主たる目的はアンテナの小型化であるが，中でも反射器はアンテナを構成するエレメントの中でも最も大きくなるため，その反射器の形状を小型化することは，アンテナの形状を小さくする上で極めて重要である。しかしながら図９に示される反射器Ａのように平板状のままで形状を小さくしても電気的特性が十分な値が得られない。そこで次に，反射器Ａの大きさはそのままで，第１の反射器６１に当たる部分に本発明において示されている条件を満たす開口窓６３を形成した反射器Ｂを用いて電気的特性を測定すると，平板状の反射器Ａに比べて，動作利得においては高域の一部を除いて最大で約４ｄｂの改善が見られ，定在波比および前後比も高域を除いてほぼ全帯域で改善が見られる。半値角も低域の一部を除いてわずかに改善されており，平板状の反射器を小型に形成しても，本発明において示される条件で形成された開口窓を備えることによって良好な電気的特性が得られアンテナを小型にできることがわかる。
次に，反射器Ｂを本発明の実施例のように断面略コ字状に折り曲げ形成した反射器Ｃを用いて電気的特性を測定すると，動作利得においては高域ではわずかに利得が低下するものの，低域においては利得の改善が見られ，全帯域に亘って暗転した動作利得が得られている。前後比においては反射器Ｂより劣化するものの，反射器Ａに比較しても全帯域に渡って改善が見られる。定在波比および半値角においては反射器Ｂよりさらに改善されており，反射器の幅をさらに狭くすることができるのである。
つまり，本発明の実施例における反射器の幅，即ち，前記第１の反射器６１がなす投影面の外形の大きさは前記放射器がなす平面の投影面の外形と同じ１００ｍｍ程度であっても，電気的特性を劣化させることがないので，本発明のように構成することによって反射器を小型でスリムにでき，延いてはアンテナを小型でスリムに構成できるのである。
The main object of the present invention is to reduce the size of the antenna. Among them, the reflector is the largest of the elements constituting the antenna. Therefore, downsizing the shape of the reflector is necessary to reduce the shape of the antenna. Very important. However, even if the shape of the reflector A is small as in the case of the reflector A shown in FIG. 9, sufficient electric characteristics cannot be obtained. Therefore, next, the electrical characteristics are measured by using the reflector B in which the opening window 63 satisfying the conditions shown in the present invention is formed in the portion corresponding to the first reflector 61 while keeping the size of the reflector A as it is. Then, compared with the flat reflector A, the operating gain is improved by about 4 db at maximum except for a part of the high band, and the standing wave ratio and the front-rear ratio are also almost all bands except for the high band. There is an improvement. The half-value angle is also slightly improved except for a part of the low range, and even if a flat reflector is formed in a small size, it is possible to obtain a good electric power by providing an aperture window formed under the conditions shown in the present invention. It can be seen that the antenna characteristic can be obtained and the antenna can be downsized.
Next, when the electrical characteristics are measured by using the reflector C in which the reflector B is bent in a substantially U-shaped cross section as in the embodiment of the present invention, the gain is slightly lowered in the high range in the operating gain. However, the gain is improved in the low frequency range, and a dark operating gain is obtained over the entire band. Although the front-to-back ratio is deteriorated as compared with the reflector B, the improvement is seen over the entire band even when compared with the reflector A. The standing wave ratio and the half-value angle are further improved from those of the reflector B, and the width of the reflector can be further reduced.
In other words, the width of the reflector in the embodiment of the present invention, that is, the outer size of the projection surface formed by the first reflector 61 is about 100 mm, which is the same as the outer shape of the flat projection surface formed by the radiator. However, since the electrical characteristics are not deteriorated, the reflector can be made small and slim, and the antenna can be made small and slim by configuring as in the present invention.

このように構成された放射器５０と反射器６０は図８（ａ）に示すように化粧ケース９９の内部に所定の間隔を保持して収納されてアンテナ１００が形成される。尚，アンテナ出力端子１０１は前記化粧ケース９９の底部から下方に突設するように構成すればすっきりとした配線が可能になる。そして，このアンテナを屋内で使用する場合は図８（ｂ）に示されるようにアンテナ下部を支えるアンテナ支持台１０２を備えることで自立させることができるし，図８（ｃ）に示されるようにアンテナ１００がアンテナ支持台１０２に対して回転可能になっておればアンテナ１００の方向調整が簡単にできる。尚，図に示される１０３は同軸ケーブルである。また図８（ｄ）に示されるように屋外に取付ける場合は，方向調整機構付のアンテナ取付金具１０４を備えさせればよい。そして，このアンテナ構成によれば断面形状が略正方形となるから，アンテナの前後に何も突出する部分がなくなり，屋内に設置しても場所を取らないし，ベランダに設置しても簡単に取付けができる。また，特に壁面１０５に取付ければ突設寸法が極めて小さいことから目立たずスッキリと設置ができる。図８（ｅ）は壁面に取付けたときのアンテナ１００の方向調整の状態を示す上面図である。
尚，本発明の実施例では放射器５０と反射器６０を構成する第２の反射器６２の先端との間隔は略３５ｍｍである。
As shown in FIG. 8A, the radiator 50 and the reflector 60 configured as described above are housed in the decorative case 99 with a predetermined interval therebetween, so that the antenna 100 is formed. Note that if the antenna output terminal 101 is configured to project downward from the bottom of the decorative case 99, a clean wiring becomes possible. When this antenna is used indoors, it can be made independent by providing an antenna support 102 that supports the lower part of the antenna as shown in FIG. 8B, or as shown in FIG. 8C. If the antenna 100 is rotatable with respect to the antenna support base 102, the direction of the antenna 100 can be easily adjusted. Incidentally, reference numeral 103 shown in the figure denotes a coaxial cable. Further, as shown in FIG. 8D, when mounting outdoors, an antenna mounting bracket 104 with a direction adjusting mechanism may be provided. And, according to this antenna configuration, since the cross-sectional shape is substantially square, there are no protruding parts before and after the antenna, and it can be installed easily even if installed indoors or installed on a veranda. it can. In particular, if it is attached to the wall surface 105, the projecting dimension is extremely small, so that it can be installed inconspicuously. FIG. 8E is a top view showing a state of the direction adjustment of the antenna 100 when attached to the wall surface.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the radiator 50 and the tip of the second reflector 62 constituting the reflector 60 is approximately 35 mm.

以上本発明に係る第２実施例のアンテナによれば，反射器６０を放射器５０の外形と同じ大きさか僅かに大きい第１の反射器６１と，第１の反射器６１の両側から放射器５０方向に折り曲げ形成した第２の反射器６２とで構成し，前記第１の反射器には，受信する信号の偏波に直交する方向に長手方向を有する開口窓を所定数形成することによって，反射器６０の（投影面の）外形寸法が放射器５０と略同じ大きさであっても電気的特性を劣化させることがないのでアンテナの形状を小さくできばかりでなく，反射器６０に複数の開口窓が形成されることによって反射器６０の重量が軽くなると言った効果も有することとなり，スリムであっても高性能で小型・軽量化を実現したアンテナを提供できる。
更に，スリム化によってアンテナの全周に亘って不要に突設する部分がないので，設置場所の省スペース化が図られ，屋内であってもアンテナ支柱への取付けであっても，壁面やベランダ等への取付けであってもその設置場所を選ばない汎用性の高いアンテナを提供できるのである。

尚，本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく，化粧ケース内部に増幅器を内蔵するなど，本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で各部の構成を適宜に変更して実施することも可能である。
As described above, according to the antenna of the second embodiment of the present invention, the reflector 60 has the first reflector 61 having the same size as or slightly larger than the outer shape of the radiator 50, and the radiator from both sides of the first reflector 61. The second reflector 62 is bent in 50 directions, and a predetermined number of aperture windows having a longitudinal direction in the direction orthogonal to the polarization of the received signal are formed in the first reflector. Even if the outer dimensions of the reflector 60 (projection plane) are substantially the same as those of the radiator 50, the electrical characteristics are not deteriorated, so that not only the antenna shape can be reduced, but also the reflector 60 has a plurality of dimensions. As a result, the weight of the reflector 60 can be reduced by forming the opening window, and an antenna that is slim and has high performance and can be reduced in size and weight can be provided.
Furthermore, because there are no unnecessary protruding parts around the entire circumference of the antenna due to slimming, the installation space can be saved, and it can be installed indoors or mounted on an antenna post, whether it is a wall or a veranda. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly versatile antenna that can be installed anywhere.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented by appropriately changing the configuration of each part without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as incorporating an amplifier inside the decorative case. It is.

本発明に係るアンテナの第１実施例を示す概略斜視図である。1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention. （ａ）は図１に示されるアンテナを構成する反射器を拡大した正面図であり，（ｂ）は反射器と同じ倍率で示される放射器の正面図である。(A) is the front view which expanded the reflector which comprises the antenna shown by FIG. 1, (b) is a front view of the radiator shown by the same magnification as a reflector. 第１実施例のアンテナの概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antenna of 1st Example. は本発明に係るアンテナの第２実施形態を示す概略斜視図であり，（ａ）は正面側から見た斜視図であり，（ｂ）は背面側から見た斜視図である。These are the schematic perspective views which show 2nd Embodiment of the antenna which concerns on this invention, (a) is the perspective view seen from the front side, (b) is the perspective view seen from the back side. は第２実施例のアンテナを構成する放射器の概略構成を示す正面図である。These are front views which show schematic structure of the radiator which comprises the antenna of 2nd Example. はは第２実施例のアンテナを構成する反射器の拡大したものであり，（ａ）は正面図，（ｂ）は背面図，（ｃ）は右側面図，（ｄ）は上面図を示す。Is an enlarged view of the reflector constituting the antenna of the second embodiment, (a) is a front view, (b) is a rear view, (c) is a right side view, and (d) is a top view. . （ａ）は反射器の一部を破断した背面部分拡大図であり，（ｂ）は上面拡大図である。(A) is the back surface partial enlarged view which fractured | ruptured a part of reflector, (b) is an enlarged top view. 第２実施形態のアンテナの具体的な使用例を示す。The specific usage example of the antenna of 2nd Embodiment is shown. 第２実施形態のアンテナにおいて，反射器の形状を変化させたときの電気的特性の変化のデータを示す。In the antenna of 2nd Embodiment, the data of the change of an electrical property when changing the shape of a reflector are shown.

Explanation of symbols

１…アンテナ，２…導波器，２ｂ・２ｃ…側辺，２ｄ…上辺，２ｅ…下辺，２ｆ…中辺，５…化粧ケース，６…ケース本体，７…蓋体，１０…放射器，１０ａ…給電点，１０ｂ・１０ｃ…側辺，１０ｄ…上辺，１０ｅ…下辺，１０ｆ…中辺，２０…反射器，２１…反射板，２２…開口窓，５０…放射器，５０ａ…給電点，５０ｆ…中辺，５１…第１の放射器，５１ｂ・５１ｃ…側辺，５１ｄ…上辺，５１ｅ…下辺，５２…第２の放射器，５２ｂ・５２ｃ…側辺，５２ｄ…上辺，５２ｅ…下辺，５３…第１のショートバー，５４…第２のショートバー，６０…反射器，６０ｂ・６０ｃ…折曲部，６１…第１の反射器，６２…第２の反射器，６３…開口窓，９９…化粧ケース，１００…アンテナ，１０１…アンテナ出力端子，１０２…アンテナ支持台，１０３…同軸ケーブル，１０９…アンテナ取付金具。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Antenna, 2 ... Waveguide, 2b * 2c ... Side, 2d ... Upper side, 2e ... Lower side, 2f ... Middle side, 5 ... Cosmetic case, 6 ... Case main body, 7 ... Cover body, 10 ... Radiator, 10a ... feed point, 10b · 10c ... side, 10d ... upper side, 10e ... lower side, 10f ... middle side, 20 ... reflector, 21 ... reflector, 22 ... opening window, 50 ... radiator, 50a ... feed point, 50f ... middle side, 51 ... first radiator, 51b / 51c ... side, 51d ... upper side, 51e ... lower side, 52 ... second radiator, 52b / 52c ... side, 52d ... upper side, 52e ... lower side 53 ... first short bar, 54 ... second short bar, 60 ... reflector, 60b, 60c ... bent part, 61 ... first reflector, 62 ... second reflector, 63 ... opening window , 99 ... cosmetic case, 100 ... antenna, 101 ... antenna output terminal, 102 ... antenna support Stand, 103 ... coaxial cable, 109 ... antenna mounting bracket.

Claims

At least in antennas with radiators and reflectors,
The antenna is characterized in that the reflector is formed of a plate, and the plate is formed with one or a plurality of aperture windows having a longitudinal direction in a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization.

2. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the reflector includes a plurality of the aperture windows arranged in parallel so that the center points in the longitudinal direction of the aperture windows coincide with each other on a line parallel to the polarization direction. Antenna described in.

The reflector includes a plurality of the aperture windows arranged in parallel on a line parallel to the polarization direction, and has a predetermined interval on an axis perpendicular to the polarization direction of the reflector. The antenna according to claim 2, further comprising a plurality of sets of opening windows.

The size of the reflector is such that the interval between the sides substantially orthogonal to the direction of polarization of the reflector is 0.45 to 1.2 wavelengths, which is the maximum frequency at the operating frequency, and is arranged in parallel. An opening located at the outermost side among a plurality of opening windows arranged in parallel with a side substantially perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the reflector. Approximately half of the sum of the dimensions between the long sides located on the side of the window, the sum of the dimensions between the opposing long pieces of adjacent open windows, and the total circumference of all open windows The opening size of the opening window is formed so that the total size of the first and second dimensions is 0.45 wavelength to 1.2 wavelength, which is a minimum frequency at a use frequency. Or the antenna of Claim 3.

The radiator and the reflector have a substantially rectangular shape having a short side in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization and a long side sufficiently long in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the polarization plane. Among these, the reflector includes a first reflector having a long side sufficiently long in a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization, and both long sides sandwiching the first reflector. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: a second reflector that is bent at the bent portion in the radiator direction, and the opening window formed in the first reflector. The antenna according to item.

The radiator and the reflector have a substantially rectangular shape having a short side in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization and a long side sufficiently long in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the polarization plane. Of these, the reflector is composed of a first reflector having its long sides curved toward the radiator and the opening window formed in the first reflector. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antenna is characterized.

7. The outer shape of the projection surface formed by the first reflector is the same as or slightly larger than the outer shape of the flat projection surface formed by the radiator. The antenna according to claim 1.

The size between the tip on both long sides of the reflector and the waveguide is disposed at a position where the wavelength is approximately 0.05 to 0.1 wavelength of the frequency representing the operating frequency. The antenna according to any one of claims 5 to 7.

The antenna according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the radiator includes a skeleton slot.

The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the use frequency is a UHF band.