JP2008043198A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric motor which can be rotated continuously for a long time, with a small amount of energy. <P>SOLUTION: The electric motor that includes a rotor provided with a magnet and a stator provided with a magnetic circuit which can be opened and closed, or an electric motor that includes a rotor provided with a magnetic circuit which can be opened and closed and a stator provided with the magnet, is constituted in such a manner that the magnetic circuit is made to open and close in a state interlocked with the rotation of the rotor. When the magnet of the rotor or the stator is placed adjacent to the magnetic circuit, the magnet of the rotor or the stator and a magnetic pole of the magnet of the magnetic circuit are arranged so as to be opposed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a motor using magnetism.

  Currently, heat engines such as external combustion engines and internal combustion engines and so-called electric motors using electric power are mainly used as devices used as power sources in various machines.

  The external combustion engine is used by converting the pressure of steam generated outside the engine into energy, and a so-called reciprocating engine type and a turbine type are generally known. An internal combustion engine uses the expansion and compression of air generated by burning fuel such as gasoline and light oil to obtain power such as rotational force and propulsive force.

  On the other hand, an electric motor is generally a prime mover that obtains a rotational motion by utilizing an interaction between a magnetic field and an electric current. An electric motor generally has a structure including a rotor, a stator, a rotating shaft, and a bearing that supports the rotor. For example, by periodically applying a varying magnetic field to the stator, It is possible to generate an interaction between the two to obtain a driving force. Further, as an electric motor, a linear motor that directly obtains a linear motion is known in addition to the one that obtains a rotational motion.

  As described above, an internal combustion engine or an electric motor is widely used as a power source, and various devices corresponding to the application have been developed and applied widely in practice. However, in order to obtain power with these devices, it is necessary to supply fuel and electricity to this power source. In recent years, from the viewpoint of energy saving and prevention of global warming, a power source capable of performing work with less fuel and power supply is desired.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a motor that can continue to rotate for a long time by supplying a small amount of electric power or other driving force.

  As a result of extensive studies by the inventor, the above-mentioned problem is provided with a motor including a rotor including a magnet and a stator including a magnetic circuit that can be opened and closed, or a rotor and a magnet including a magnetic circuit that can be opened and closed. A motor having a stator, which opens and closes the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor, or opens and closes the magnetic circuit in synchronization with the rotation of the rotor by introducing external power. We found that this could be solved by the motor configured in

  The magnetic circuit is formed by a magnet and a yoke, and has an opening / closing mechanism that can open and close the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor. The opening / closing mechanism is configured to open the circuit when the rotor or the stator magnet approaches as the rotor rotates, and to close the circuit when the rotor or the stator magnet moves away. By such an opening / closing mechanism, when the magnetic circuit is separated from the magnet of the rotor or stator, the magnetic circuit becomes a closed circuit, so that the magnetic flux leaking from the circuit becomes very small, and the magnetic circuit as a whole does not generate magnetism. Acts like an uncharged ferromagnet. For this reason, an attractive force acts between the magnetic circuit and the rotor or the magnet of the stator, and this applies a rotational force to the rotor. However, even in the phase where the magnetic circuit and the rotor or stator magnet pass through the closest point and are separated from each other, if an attractive force acts between them, the attractive force naturally acts in a direction to reduce the rotational force of the rotor. End up.

  However, since the motor of the present invention includes the above-described opening / closing mechanism, the magnetic circuit is opened when the magnetic circuit and the rotor or the magnet of the stator approach each other. Then, the magnetic flux leaks from the circuit, and the magnetic circuit behaves as a magnet. For this reason, a repulsive force acts between the magnet of the rotor or the stator and the magnetic circuit, and acts to further apply a rotational force to the rotor.

  Thus, when the rotor or stator magnet and the magnetic circuit are separated from each other, the motor of the present invention applies an attractive force between them to apply a rotational force to the rotor, and the rotor or stator magnet. When the magnetic circuit and the magnetic circuit are close to each other, a repulsive force acts between them to apply a rotational force to the rotor. For this reason, if the motor of this invention gives sufficient rotational force to a rotor with external power at the time of starting, it can continue rotating with little energy supply after that. Therefore, the motor according to the present invention is very excellent in energy saving performance. And the motor driven by the above-mentioned principle is not known to the world as far as the inventors of the present application know.

  In order to generate a repulsive force between the rotor or stator magnet and the magnetic circuit, of course, the rotor or stator magnet and the magnetic circuit are close to each other. In addition, it is necessary to arrange the rotor or stator magnet and the magnetic circuit magnet so as to face each other. Further, in order to make maximum use of attractive force and repulsive force, it is preferable that the magnetic circuit is opened when the rotor or stator magnet and the magnetic circuit are closest to each other.

  The magnet used for the motor of the present invention is preferably a permanent magnet from the viewpoint of energy saving. As the permanent magnet, a neodymium magnet, a samarium magnet, a ferrite magnet, an alnico magnet, or the like can be used, but it is desirable to use a neodymium magnet because the strongest driving force can be obtained. The yoke used in the motor of the present invention is preferably a material having high magnetic permeability and saturation magnetic flux density. Examples of such substances include pure iron, soft iron, and silicon iron. Pure iron is particularly preferable.

  The shape of the rotor used in the motor according to the present invention can be various shapes such as a rod shape, a propeller shape, a disk shape, an annular shape, a columnar shape, and a cylindrical shape. Further, a so-called inner rotor type in which a rotor is arranged inside the stator can be used, or an outer rotor type in which a rotor is arranged outside the stator. It is also possible to adopt an embodiment in which both the rotor and the stator are flat, and a plurality of layers are stacked to increase the output.

  As the magnetic circuit opening / closing mechanism, a mechanism that mechanically interlocks with the rotation of the rotor may be adopted, or an electronically controlled electric motor or an internal combustion engine may be used to synchronize with the rotation of the rotor. A mechanism for opening and closing the opening / closing element may be employed. When a mechanism that opens and closes the magnetic circuit in synchronism with the rotation of the rotor by electronic control is employed, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to use a gear or a belt having a large frictional force.

  The motor according to the present invention can be easily reduced in size and thickness by using a magnet having a strong magnetic force such as a neodymium magnet. Further, since the degree of freedom of magnet molding is very high, it is easy to increase the size. For this reason, the present invention provides a rotor that can be incorporated in a portable personal computer, for example, a motor having a diameter of the rotor of about several centimeters and a thickness of about 1 to 2 centimeters, and a large generator. The present invention can be applied to a motor having a diameter of several tens of centimeters to a meter unit.

  Since the motor according to the present invention can be operated for a long time without requiring much energy supply from the outside, it is very excellent in energy saving. For this reason, it can be applied to a wide range of fields as a power source for personal computers and other portable devices, as a power source for refrigerators and other household devices, and as an industrial power source.

  The motor according to the present invention can continue to rotate for a long time by applying sufficient rotational force to the rotor by external power at the time of starting, or by continuing to apply a small amount of power to the opening / closing element. By applying it to medium-sized industrial generators, it is possible to generate electricity while driving as well as during parking, so developing it as a generator for electric vehicles greatly contributes to energy conservation in society as a whole.

  While examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims, the present invention covers all features and combinations thereof that are explicitly and implicitly described in this specification and the accompanying drawings. Are also included within the scope.

  In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rotor including a first magnet disposed so that a magnetic pole faces in a radial direction, and a circular path along which the first magnet moves as the rotor rotates. Is formed by a second magnet and a yoke that are fixedly adjacent to each other and arranged so that the opposing magnetic poles are the same as each other when the first magnet approaches as the rotor rotates. A stator having a magnetic circuit to be opened, and the first magnet is opened from the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor in conjunction with the first magnet approaching the magnetic circuit. There is a motor having an opening / closing means for closing the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the separation.

  In a more specific embodiment of the motor according to the above embodiment, the rotor has a plurality of arm portions extending in the radial direction, and the first magnet is disposed in the radial direction on each of the arm portions. It can be configured to be disposed so as to face the same magnetic pole. The rotor is a disk-shaped member that can rotate around a central axis, and is configured such that a plurality of the first magnets are respectively directed to the same magnetic pole in the radial direction at the peripheral edge of the disk member. May be. Further, the rotor is an annular member that can rotate around a central axis, and a plurality of the first magnets are respectively directed to the same magnetic pole in the radial direction in an annular portion of the annular member. You may comprise.

  The magnetic circuit may be fixed not only on the outer side of the circular path but also on the inner side. When the magnetic circuit is arranged outside the circular path, the rotor rotates inside the stator, and when the magnetic circuit is arranged inside the circular path, the rotor is the stator. Will take the embodiment of rotating outside.

  In a specific embodiment of the motor according to the above embodiment, the first magnet has an arc shape.

  In a more specific embodiment of the motor according to the above embodiment, the magnetic circuit includes a first yoke joined to one pole of the second magnet and the other pole of the second magnet. A second yoke to be joined, a first position proximate to both the first yoke and the second yoke, and a second position spaced from one or both of the first yoke and the second yoke. And a third yoke provided to be rotatable between the first magnet, and the opening / closing means includes a first contact portion provided in the vicinity of the first magnet in the rotor, and the third yoke. A second abutting portion that is directly or indirectly consolidated with the yoke and is provided to abut against the first abutting portion during rotation of the rotor so as to apply a rotational force to the third yoke. And can be configured with

  In still another specific embodiment of the motor according to the above embodiment, the magnetic circuit is joined to one pole of the second magnet, and the other of the second magnets. A second yoke joined to the pole, a first position proximate to both the first yoke and the second yoke, and a first position spaced from one or both of the first yoke and the second yoke. And a third yoke that is pivotable between two positions, and the opening / closing means is any one of a gear, a cam, a belt, an electric actuator, an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, a wind propeller, and the like. You may comprise so that the said 3rd yoke may be rotated using the above.

  In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rotor including a magnetic circuit formed by a second magnet and a yoke arranged so that the magnetic poles are directed in the radial direction, and rotation of the rotor Accordingly, the magnetic circuit is fixed adjacent to the moving circular path, and the opposing magnetic poles are arranged so as to have the same polarity when the second magnet comes close as the rotor rotates. A stator including a first magnet, and opening the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic circuit approaching the first magnet, and the magnetic circuit from the first magnet There is a motor provided with opening / closing means for closing the magnetic circuit in conjunction with the separation. Also in this embodiment, the first magnet may be fixed outside the circular path of the magnetic circuit, or may be fixed inside. The former is an inner rotor type motor, and the latter is an outer rotor type motor.

  Hereinafter, examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a motor 100 which is an example of a motor according to the present invention. The motor 100 includes a rotor 102 and magnetic circuits 104a and 104b fixed to a stator (not shown). The rotor 102 is configured to rotate counterclockwise by the rotation shaft 106, and has two arm portions 108 a and 108 b extending from the rotation shaft 106 in the radial direction. The arm portions 108a and 108b have permanent magnets 110a and 110b arranged so that the magnetic poles are directed in the radial direction, respectively, and these magnets have the same radial magnetic poles as depicted in FIG. It is arranged like this. (As depicted in FIG. 1, in this example, the N poles are arranged in the radial direction).

  The magnetic circuits 104 a and 104 b are installed on a stator (not shown) adjacent to the rotation circumference of the rotor 102. The magnetic circuit 104a includes a permanent magnet 112a, a yoke 114a joined to the south pole of the magnet 112a, and a yoke 116a joined to the north pole of the magnet 112a, and is rotatable between the yoke 114a and the yoke 116a. The yoke 118a provided in the is provided. When the yoke 118a is in a position close to the yoke 114a and the yoke 116a as depicted in FIG. 1B, almost all the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 112a is confined to the yoke 114a, the yoke 118a, and the yoke 116a. The magnetic flux that leaks out is extremely small. Of course, even in this state, the leakage magnetic flux does not become zero, but at least becomes extremely small. Therefore, in this state, that is, in a state where the magnetic circuit 104a is closed, the magnetic circuit 104a behaves like a ferromagnet without magnetism as a whole. On the other hand, when the yoke 118a is located away from the yoke 114a and the yoke 116a as illustrated in FIG. 1C, the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 112a leaks to the outside from the open ends of the yoke 114a and the yoke 116a. Therefore, in this state, that is, in the open state of the magnetic circuit 104a, the magnetic circuit 104a behaves as a magnet with magnetism as a whole. Thus, the yoke 118a rotates or closes or opens the magnetic circuit 104a to change the property of the magnetic circuit 104a from an unmagnetized magnetic material to a magnetized magnetic material.

  As a means for rotating the yoke 118a, a mechanism that mechanically interlocks with the rotation of the rotor 102 may be employed, or the yoke 118a may be controlled to rotate by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. Good. An example of means for mechanically rotating the yoke 118a will be described later using another embodiment.

  The magnet 112a has a magnetic pole facing the magnet 110a or 110b that is the same as the magnet 110a or 110b when the magnet 110a or 110b of the rotor 102 is in a position close to the magnetic circuit 104a, that is, as shown in FIG. 1A. Arranged to be poles. In FIG. 1A, all of the opposing magnetic poles are depicted as N poles, but of course, the opposing magnetic poles may be arranged as S poles.

  Similarly to the magnetic circuit 104a, the magnetic circuit 104b also includes a permanent magnet 112b, a yoke 114b, and a yoke 118b. The magnetic circuit 104b and the magnetic circuit 104a have the same structure, and the symbols a and b are simply given to distinguish these components in FIG. In the example of FIG. 1, two magnetic circuits are provided, but the number of magnetic circuits may be one or four, or may take various numbers according to a request according to a specific embodiment. it can.

  Next, the operation of the motor 100 will be described with reference to FIG. When the motor 100 is not yet driven, the magnets 110a and 110b of the rotor 102 are located away from the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b, as depicted in FIG. 2A. From this state, it is assumed that the rotor 102 is rotated counterclockwise by some method such as electrical or mechanical (FIG. 2B).

  At this time, since the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b are in a closed state, as described above, they behave like a ferromagnetic material having no magnetism as a whole. Therefore, the magnets 110a and 110b of the rotor 102 are attracted to the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b so that the magnet is attracted to the iron. This attractive force gives a rotational force to the rotor 102, and the rotor further rotates (FIG. 2C).

  When the rotor 102 further rotates and the magnets 110a and 110b reach the positions closest to the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b (see FIG. 2D), the yokes 118a and 118b rotate and the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b are opened. Then, as described above, the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b function as a magnet as a whole. In the arrangement depicted in FIG. 2D, since the magnets 112a and 112b are opposed to the magnets 110a and 110b, a strong repulsive force acts between the magnets 110a and 110b and the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b. A rotational force is applied to 102, and the rotor 102 is further rotated counterclockwise (FIG. 2E). Thereafter, the yokes 118a and 118b return to the positions where the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b are closed, and the magnets 110a and 110b and the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b are attracted again (FIG. 2F).

  As described above, when the magnets 110a and 110b provided on the rotor 102 are located away from the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b by the yokes 118a and 118b opening and closing the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b, When the magnets 110a and 110b and the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b are attracted and the magnets 110a and 110b are located close to the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b, the magnets 110a and 110b and the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b repel each other. A rotational force is applied to the rotor 102 one after another. For this reason, once the rotor 102 is rotated, it can continue to rotate without requiring much external energy supply. Therefore, the motor 100 is a very energy saving motor.

  Of course, energy is required to open and close the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b, and energy loss due to friction of the system also occurs. Therefore, the motor 100 cannot continue to rotate indefinitely without supplying energy from the outside. . However, the motor 100 according to the present invention has a unique configuration described above, and when the attractive force / repulsive force is repeatedly applied to the magnet and the magnetic circuit provided in the rotor, The motor 100 itself can apply a rotational force to the rotor 102. Therefore, the motor 100 can continue to rotate for a long time with less energy than a conventional motor, and it can be said that the motor 100 is very excellent in energy saving.

  As described a little earlier, the shape of the rotor of the motor according to the present invention is not limited to the shape in which the two arms extend from the central axis like the rotor 102, and the number of arm portions is three. There may be four, five, or more. Of course, it is preferable to arrange the magnets on the respective arm portions so that the same magnetic poles are directed in the radial direction. It is also possible to use a disk-shaped or annular rotor. In such a case, a magnet could be placed near the outer edge of the disk or ring. The number and interval of the magnets can be arbitrarily selected depending on the embodiment. Of course, the magnetic poles of the magnets should all be the same in the radial direction. The number of magnets provided on the rotor and the number of magnetic circuits provided on the stator are not limited to two, and may be any number of three, four, five, or more. It is preferable that the number of magnets installed on the rotor and the stator is three, four, or more than two because the amount of attractive force and repulsive force applied to the rotor is large. The shape of the rotor can be a cylindrical shape.

  A motor in which an openable and closable magnetic circuit such as 104a and 104b is arranged on the rotor side and a fixed magnet such as 110a and 110b is arranged on the stator side is also included in the present invention. In such an embodiment, it is preferable to install magnets corresponding to 110a and 110b so as to be movable on the stator in the radial direction of the rotor. If the radial distance between the magnet on the stator and the magnetic circuit on the rotor is reduced, the attractive force / repulsive force acting between them increases, and if the radial distance is increased, the attractive force acting between them is increased.・ Repulsive force decreases. Therefore, in the above embodiment, by moving the magnet on the stator, the attractive force / repulsive force acting between the magnet on the stator and the magnetic circuit on the rotor can be changed. The rotation speed can be changed. Thus, when it is desired to control the rotational speed of the rotor, the embodiment in which the magnetic circuit is installed on the rotor and the magnet installed on the stator can be moved in the radial direction of the rotor is very Useful. Of course, in the motor 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b can be configured to be movable. However, rather than moving the entire magnetic circuit, a single magnet such as 110a and 110b is used. It would be easier to configure it to move.

  In the motor 100 according to the present embodiment, the rotor rotates inside the stator. In such a configuration, there is an advantage that the rotor can be made small and light. However, the motor according to the present invention may be configured to rotate the rotor outside the stator.

  Then, the example of the more concrete embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a plan perspective view of a motor 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG. The motor 300 includes a disk-like rotor 2 that is rotatably supported on the frame 1 by the rotating shaft 11, and four magnetic circuits 3, 4, 5, and 6 that are fixed to the frame 1. Arc-shaped magnets 16, 17, 18, and 19 are installed at equal intervals on the peripheral edge of the disk-like rotor 2. The arc-shaped magnets 16 to 19 are all magnets having different magnetic poles on the outer diameter side and the inner diameter side, and are all installed so that the same pole is directed in the radial direction.

  The magnetic circuits 3 to 6 fixed at equal intervals adjacent to the outer edge of the rotor 2 are basically the same as the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b that appear in the previous example, and the rod-shaped magnets 12 to 15 and A yoke material joined to the magnetic poles, and switches 7 to 10 on which a rotatable yoke material is arranged at the cut of the yoke material. The rod-shaped magnets 12 to 15 are arranged so that their magnetic poles are opposite to the magnets 16 to 19 when the magnets 16 to 19 included in the rotor 2 are closest to each other as the rotor 2 rotates. Since the switches 7 to 10 are very close to the yoke joined to the bar magnets 12 to 15 in the closed position, like the yokes 118 a and 118 b described in the previous example, the magnetic flux generated from the bar magnets 12 to 15. Is confined inside the circuit. Therefore, in a state where the switches 7 to 10 are closed, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 behave like a simple ferromagnet which is not magnetized, like the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b in the closed state. (Of course, the magnetic flux leaking from the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 is not zero, but not many.) When the switches 7 to 10 are rotated to the open position, the magnetic flux generated from the bar magnets 12 to 15 is not generated in the circuit. Thus, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 can behave like magnets in the same manner as the magnetic circuits 104a and 104b in the open state.

  As the magnets 16 to 19 included in the rotor 2, arc-shaped magnets having different magnetic poles with an outer diameter and an inner diameter can be used, so that the time for approaching the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 during rotation can be lengthened, and attractive force or repulsive force It is possible to take a long time to effectively act. An advantage of using a disk-like or annular member as the rotor 2 is that an arc-shaped magnet having such an advantage can be easily attached.

  Next, the details of the opening / closing mechanism of the switches 7 to 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 5 for an example of mechanically opening and closing the magnetic circuit in the motor 300. In FIG. 5, only the state in which the arc-shaped magnet 17 is close to the switch 8 is drawn because of the drawing area of the drawing, but the other arc-shaped magnets 16, 18, 19 and the switches 7, 9, Note that a similar structure is formed for 10.

  The rotor 2 has a pin holding base 25 fixed to the surface of the rotor 2 in the vicinity of the arc-shaped magnet 17 and a pin shape that is held by the pin holding base 25 and protrudes in the radial direction of the rotor 2. The contact portion 38 is provided.

  The opening / closing element 8 includes an opening / closing element support frame 50 formed by projecting in a frame shape from the frame 1, and a shaft 31 a passed between the beam portion of the support frame 50 and the frame 1. The shaft 31a is rotatably supported between yokes 13a and 13b respectively joined to the poles of the magnet 13. As the yoke 28 rotates, the yokes 13a and 13b are magnetically coupled or separated.

  Further, the opening / closing element 8 includes a flat plate 32 passed between the two column portions of the support 50 at the upper portion of the yoke 28, a shaft column 31 integrated with the shaft 31a at the upper portion of the flat plate 32, and the shaft column 31 to the yoke. A rod 29 extended parallel to the shaft 28 on both sides of the shaft, a rotor 30a provided on the rotor side end of the flat plate 32, and a rotatable lever 30a which is stabilized at an initial position by being biased by a spring (not shown) A hook 30 and the like that are coupled to 30 a, protrude from the back of the flat plate 32 to the front, and lock the rod 29 are provided. Since the rod 29 extends parallel to the yoke 28, the rod 29 extends in the radial direction of the rotor 2 when the yoke 28 is in a closed state. Further, the rod 29 has such a length that it abuts against the pin 38 when the pin 38 approaches the opening / closing element 8 as the rotor 2 rotates. The initial position of the lever 30a is also determined so that the pin 38 abuts against the pin 38 when the pin 38 approaches the opening / closing element 8.

  When the rotor 2 rotates counterclockwise and the magnet 17 comes closest to the magnetic circuit 4 as depicted in FIG. 5, first, the pin 38 abuts against the lever 30a, so that the lever 30a falls counterclockwise and the lever The hook 30 coupled to 30 a is retracted below the flat plate 30. Subsequently, the pin 38 hits the rod 29. Then, since the hook 30 is retracted below the flat plate 30, the rod 29 is bounced off and rotates clockwise together with the shaft column 31 and the shaft 31a. Since the yoke 28 is coupled to the rod 29 via the shaft column 31 and the shaft 31a, when the rod 29 rotates, the yoke 28 also rotates and the magnetic circuit 4 is opened. When the magnetic circuit 4 is opened, the magnetic circuit 4 behaves as a magnet, and the magnet 13 of the magnetic circuit 4 is installed so that the pole faces the magnet 17 of the rotor 2. A repulsive force acts between the magnets 17, and a force that further rotates the rotor 2 counterclockwise is applied to the rotor 2.

  When the rotor 2 passes by the vicinity of the magnetic circuit 4 and the pin 38 passes, the lever 30a is biased by a spring (not shown) to return to the initial position, and accordingly the hook 30 also protrudes on the flat plate 32 again. The rod 29 continues to rotate with the shaft column 31 and the yoke 28 after being repelled by the pin 38, but when it rotates 180 degrees, it strikes the hook 30 that has popped out again and stops rotating. This prevents the yoke 28 from continuing to rotate past the circuit closed position. Moreover, since the yoke 28 is magnetically attracted to the yokes 13a and 13b, the yoke 28 can be stably stopped at the circuit closed position.

  In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the lever 30 a and the hook 30 are arranged so as to protrude on the flat plate 32, but they may be arranged so as to protrude below the flat plate 32. In this case, the pin 38 also needs to be configured to pass below the flat plate 32. In such an embodiment, since gravity acts so as to return to the original position with respect to the lever 30a jumped to the pin 38, there is an advantage that it is easy to return the lever 30a and the hook 30 to the initial position. Therefore, as a spring for biasing the lever 30a and the hook 30 to the initial position, an embodiment using a spring having a weaker elastic force than the motor according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 or an embodiment using no spring at all. It is also possible to take.

  Thus, the magnetic circuit opening / closing mechanism of the motor 300 can mechanically open and close the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor 2. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to separately supply power from the outside in order to open and close the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 while the rotor maintains a sufficient rotational force. Further, it is not necessary to separately prepare an actuator for opening and closing the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 and a control circuit for controlling the opening and closing timing, so that the structure becomes simple. In this embodiment, the pin 38 is provided in the vicinity of the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 without separately providing a timing control circuit or the like, so that the magnets 16 to 19 are closest to the magnetic circuits 3 to 6. The magnetic circuits 3 to 6 can be reliably opened. The motor 300 can accelerate the rotor 2 by attractive force acting between the magnets 16 to 19 and the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 until the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 are closest to the magnetic circuits 3 to 6. However, even if the magnets 16 to 19 pass through the vicinity of the magnetic circuits 3 to 6, if the attractive force continues to work between them, the force that causes the magnets 16 to 19 to be pulled back toward the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 works and rotates. The rotation of the child 2 is obstructed. However, as soon as the magnets 16 to 19 are closest to the magnetic circuits 3 to 6, the motor 300 opens the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 and exerts a repulsive force on the magnets 16 to 19, thereby further accelerating the rotor 2. Can do. Therefore, the motor 300 can use the attractive force / repulsive force acting between the rotor 2 and the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 very efficiently to rotate the rotor 2.

  The motor 300 is configured to open the magnetic circuit by causing the rod 29 and the pin 38 to collide with each other. Needless to say, the rod and the pin are examples, but the shape of the collision part such as a plate shape or a bowl shape is used. Various things can be used.

  The magnetic circuit opening / closing mechanism of the motor 300 further includes an auxiliary mechanism for facilitating opening / closing of the switches 7-10. Referring to FIG. 5, the shaft column 31 is provided with a rod 33 protruding perpendicularly to both the shaft 31 a and the rod 29, and magnets 34 and 35 are attached to both ends of the rod 33. Further, magnets 36 and 37 are attached to the rods protruding from the support frame 50. The magnets 36 and 37 are disposed so as to face the magnets 34 and 35 when the yoke 28 is in a position to close the magnetic circuit 4. The magnets 34 and 35 are attached so that the outer diameter side has the same polarity, and the magnets 36 and 37 are attached so that the poles facing the magnets 34 and 35 are the same polarity as the magnets 34 and 35. Therefore, when the yoke 28 is in a position to close the magnetic circuit 4, a repulsive force acts between the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37.

  When the yoke 28 is in a position where the magnetic circuit 4 is closed, the yoke 28 is magnetically attracted to the yokes 13a and 13b. Therefore, a large force is required to rotate the yoke 28. However, since repulsive force is acting between the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37, if the yoke 28 rotates even a little and the horizontal positions of the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37 can be displaced, these The repulsive force acting during the rotation acts to rotate the yoke 28. For this reason, in the motor 300, the yoke 28 can be rotated with a small force compared with the embodiment in which the magnets 34 to 37 and the rod 33 are not provided. This means that the rotor 2 continues to rotate for a longer time.

  Further, as can be seen from a closer look at FIG. 5, when the yoke 28 is in a position where the magnetic circuit 4 is closed, the horizontal positions of the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37 are shifted in advance. The repulsive force acting between the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37 acts in the direction in which the yoke 28 is intended to rotate even when the yoke 28 is in a position to close the magnetic circuit 4. Yes. Of course, when the yoke 28 is in a position to close the magnetic circuit 4, the yoke 28 is attracted to the yokes 13a and 13b, and the rod 29 is locked by the hook 30 and cannot be rotated. It does not rotate. However, the repulsive force acting between the magnets 34 and 35 and the magnets 36 and 37 further reduces the force required to rotate the yoke 28, and the rotor 2 can flip the rod 29 with a smaller force. it can. That is, the energy required for the rotor 2 to open and close the switches 7 to 10 is further reduced, and the motor 300 can continue to rotate for a longer time.

  The operation of the motor 300 will be summarized with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 6, when the arc-shaped magnets 16 to 19 provided in the rotor 2 are located between the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 fixed to the frame 1, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 are provided. The switches 7 to 10 are in a closed state. When a rotational force is applied to the rotor as an initial motion from the outside to rotate it counterclockwise, the arc-shaped magnets 16 to 19 approach the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 of the stator. At that time, the magnets provided in the rotor 2 and the magnets 12 through 15 provided in the magnetic circuits 3 through 6 and the magnets 12 through 15 have a small leakage flux of the magnetic circuits 3 through 6 even though the same magnetic poles face each other. However, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 are attracted to the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 as simple ferromagnetic materials. Due to this attractive force, the rotation of the rotor 2 is accelerated.

  Further, when the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 are closest to the magnetic circuits 3 to 6, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 are opened by the opening / closing mechanism described above. Then, the magnets 12 to 15 in the magnetic circuit are disconnected from the magnetic flux and the magnetic poles of the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 are opposed to each other. Therefore, a repulsive force is exerted on the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2. Furthermore, rotational force is applied. When the magnets 16 to 19 of the rotor 2 further move away from the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 of the frame 1, the magnetic circuits 3 to 6 are closed again by the opening / closing mechanism described above. The pin of the opening / closing mechanism provided in the rotor 2 always repels the rod of the opening / closing element 7-10 at the position where the magnet of the rotor is closest to the magnetic circuit. Is half-turned and hooked. Thus, always, the magnetic circuit opens, coincident with the magnet provided on the rotor closest to the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic circuit closes when the magnet provided on the rotor leaves the magnetic circuit.

  As the mechanical opening / closing mechanism of the magnetic circuit, various methods such as transmission of force to the opening / closing element using a gear, a cam or a belt can be used in addition to the mechanism using the pins as described above.

  In addition to the magnets described above, various mechanisms such as a spring, a spring, a shape memory alloy, an electromagnet, and an electric actuator can be used as the opening / closing auxiliary mechanism.

  A modified example of the motor 300 described below is an example in which the opening / closing mechanism of the magnetic circuit 4 in the motor 300 described with reference to FIGS. This modification will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a top perspective view and a side view of a motor 1100 according to the present invention. The motor 1100 has the same configuration as the motor 300 except for the opening / closing mechanism of the magnetic circuit 4. Therefore, the same components as those of the motor 300 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As illustrated in FIG. 8, the motor 1100 is fixed to the rotor 2 and is provided with a first gear 1102 provided so as to be able to rotate about the same rotational axis as the rotor 2, and a rotating yoke of the magnetic circuit 4. And a second gear 1104 that is fixed directly or indirectly to the rotary yoke 28 so as to be rotatable about the same rotational axis as the rotary yoke 28. The first gear 1102 and the second gear 1104 are provided so as to mesh with each other, and in particular, the arc-shaped magnet on the rotor 2 so that the magnetic circuit 4 can be opened and closed in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor 2. The diameter of the gear and the number of teeth are adjusted so that the rotary yoke 28 opens the magnetic circuit 4 when 17 is closest to the magnetic circuit 4. In the case of a rotor having four magnets at regular intervals, such as the rotor 2, the diameter of the gear connected to the rotary yoke is half that of the rotor.

  In such an embodiment, since the magnetic circuit 4 is opened and closed using a gear, the rotation of the rotor 2 and the opening and closing of the magnetic circuit 4 can be stably linked. Therefore, it is advantageous when the motor must be rotated at high speed.

  A further advantage in such an embodiment is the effect of reducing the force required to rotate the rotary yoke 28. When the magnetic circuit is closed, the rotary yoke 28 is attracted to the other magnetic circuit yokes 13A and 13B adjacent to each other by a magnetic force, and this force acts in a direction to pull back when the rotary yoke is opened. However, it works in the pulling direction when closing from the open state. Therefore, when the rotary yoke is rotated, the bidirectional force is canceled out. As the rotational speed of the rotating yoke increases, the effect of canceling the bidirectional force becomes higher. Therefore, by introducing external power at the time of startup and giving a sufficient rotational speed to the rotor 2 of the motor 1100, the interlocking rotating yoke The rotational resistance of 28 can be reduced. Since the magnetic force that contributes to the rotation of the rotor is constant regardless of the rotation speed while the magnetic circuit is opened and closed once, the motor 1100 that has once increased the rotation speed continues to rotate for a long time.

  The motor 1100 further includes a flywheel 1106 on the gear 1104. Due to the inertial force of the flywheel 1106, the force for rotating the rotary yoke 28 is averaged, and the opening / closing operation of the magnetic circuit 4 can be made more stable.

  Next, a further modification of the motor 300 will be described. FIG. 9 is a top perspective view and a side view of the motor 1150 according to the present invention. The configuration of the rotor 2 and the magnetic circuit 4 of the motor 1150 is the same as that of the motor 300. Although only one magnetic circuit is depicted in FIG. 9, it goes without saying that a plurality of magnetic circuits may be provided in the same manner as the motor 300. The magnetic circuit opening / closing mechanism of the motor 1150 uses an external driving device such as an electric motor to rotate the rotating yoke 28, instead of mechanically opening and closing the rotor and the opening / closing mechanism in conjunction with gears. The magnetic circuit is opened and closed in synchronization with the rotation of the rotor by electronic control.

  As illustrated in FIG. 9, the motor 1150 includes a driving device 1152 that rotates the rotating yoke 28, a sensor 1154 that precisely senses the rotational speed of the rotor 2, and a controller 1156 that controls the output of the driving device 1152. When the arcuate magnet 16 of the rotor 2 is directly opposed to the magnetic circuit 4 at the time of startup, and the rotation of the rotary yoke 28 is started by the driving device 1152, the rotor 2 starts to rotate and the rotor 2 is accelerated. While gradually increasing the rotational speed. The sensor 1154 accurately senses the rotation speed of the rotor 2 and sequentially transmits it to the controller 1156. The controller 1156 controls the output of the driving device 1152 so that the rotary yoke 28 rotates and opens and closes the magnetic circuit when the arcuate magnet of the rotor comes closest to the magnetic circuit. The advantage of such a modification is that the motor 1150 continues to rotate with less energy.

  The reason why the motor 1150 continues to rotate with less energy will be described. When the rotary yoke 28 starts to rotate by the driving device 1152, the rotor 2 gradually increases in rotational speed while accelerating, so that the rotational speed of the rotary yoke 28 increases accordingly. When the rotation speed of the rotor 2 reaches a high speed, an appropriate load (corresponding to the acceleration) is applied to the rotor 2 by the load device 1158 so that the rotor 2 rotates at a constant speed (1 of the load device). An example is dynamo). Then, the output of the driving device 1152 is lowered by the action of the sensor 1154 and the controller 1156, and the rotary yoke 28 also shifts to constant speed rotation synchronized with the rotor 2. As described above, when the rotary yoke 28 is rotated at a high speed, the influence of the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit serving as the rotational resistance is reduced. Of course, since the magnetic force of the arc-shaped magnet installed on the rotor also reaches the magnetic circuit, it becomes the rotational resistance of the rotating yoke 28. Similarly to the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit, the force that pulls the rotating yoke 28 in the rotating direction and the force that pulls it back are substantially cancelled. In addition, since the acceleration torque of the rotating body rotating at a constant speed is zero, the output required by the driving device 1152 becomes very small after the rotating yoke 28 shifts to the high speed and constant speed rotation. Therefore, the motor 1150 can continue to rotate with less energy. In order to increase the rotational force of the rotor, it is necessary to increase the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit. However, even if the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit is increased to some extent, the rotational resistance of the rotating yoke at high speed and constant speed is It almost converges to a value that adds to the air resistance and does not change much.

  The modification described subsequently is an embodiment in which the magnetic circuit is arranged in two upper and lower stages. This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Similar to the motor 300, the motor 1200 according to this embodiment includes a disk-shaped rotor 1202, an arc-shaped magnet 1204 installed on the rotor 1202, and a magnetic circuit 1206 that opens and closes in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor 1202. , 1208. Although not shown, four magnets similar to the arc-shaped magnet 1204 are disposed on the rotor 1202 every ¼ turn, as with the rotor 2 described above. Similar to the magnetic circuit 4 described above, the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208 are composed of a bar magnet, a yoke bonded to both ends thereof, and a yoke that is rotatably provided so as to open and close the magnetic circuit. However, the respective bar magnets 1210 and 1212 are arranged so that the directions of the poles are opposite to each other. The magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208 are installed so as to overlap each other with a predetermined interval so that mutual magnetic forces do not influence each other. Further, the rotary yoke 1214 that opens and closes the magnetic circuit 1206 and the rotary yoke 1216 that opens and closes the magnetic circuit 1208 are arranged so as to cross each other at right angles, and are configured to rotate around the same rotation axis. . For this reason, the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208 have a positional relationship that when one is closed, the other is open.

  The advantage of such a configuration is that the force to rotate the rotor can be increased. When the arc-shaped magnet 1204 approaches the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208, the magnetic circuit 1206 is open and the magnetic circuit 1208 is closed, so that the magnetic poles attract each other with the magnetic circuit 1206. And a force to attract the magnetic material acts between the magnetic circuit 1208 and the magnetic circuit 1208. On the other hand, when the magnet 1204 moves away from the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208, the magnetic circuit 1206 is closed and the magnetic circuit 1208 is open, so that a force to attract the magnetic material to the magnetic circuit 1206 is used. Therefore, a force acts in a direction that prevents rotation, but forces that repel each other with the magnetic circuit 1208 work.

  Therefore, the magnitude of the rotational force acting while the magnetic circuit is opened and closed once is calculated. First, the magnitude of the attractive force acting on the rotor magnet and the magnetic circuit when the magnetic circuit is closed is 1, and the magnitude of the repulsive force or attractive force acting on the rotor magnet and the magnetic circuit when the magnetic circuit is open. This is expressed as 2. The reason why the force is stronger when the magnetic circuit is open is that when the magnetic circuit is closed, the magnetic circuit has no magnetism, whereas when the magnetic circuit is open, the magnetic circuit itself is a magnet. Because it acts as. At the stage where the magnet 1204 approaches the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208, the rotational force applied by the magnetic circuit 1206 is 2 and the rotational force applied by the magnetic circuit 1208 is 1, for a total of three. At the stage where the magnet 1204 moves away from the magnetic circuits 1206 and 1208, the rotational force applied by the magnetic circuit 1206 is -1, and the rotational force applied by the magnetic circuit 1208 is 2, which is 1. Therefore, in the motor 1200, the magnitude of the rotational force acting while the magnetic circuit is opened and closed once is estimated to be 4.

  On the other hand, when the magnetic circuit is a single layer like the motor 300 described above, the force acting between the rotor and the stator while the magnetic circuit is opened and closed once is the attractive force at the stage where the rotor magnet approaches. The repulsive force when moving away from 1 is 2, which is a total of 3. Thus, it is understood that the force for rotating the rotor can be increased by making the magnetic circuit into two layers.

  In the embodiment such as the motor 1200, it is preferable that the longitudinal width of the magnet of the rotor is increased by the amount corresponding to the two layers of the magnetic circuit as compared with the embodiment such as the motor 300. The above-described mechanism can be applied to other opening / closing mechanisms and opening / closing assist mechanisms.

  Several embodiments according to the present invention have been described. Next, as a magnetic circuit opening / closing auxiliary mechanism in these embodiments, a winding is applied to the rotating yoke, and only when the rotating yoke is opened by electronic control or the like. An example will be described in which a current is applied and the rotary yoke is electromagnetized. Although not shown, the configuration of this example may be basically the same as that of the motor 300, the motor 1100, or the motor 1150, except that the rotating yoke is replaced with an electromagnet. The advantage of using the rotating yoke as an electromagnet is that the force for opening the switch can be further reduced compared to the case where this is not used.

  An embodiment of an example in which a rotating yoke is wound to form an electromagnet will be described. The above-mentioned mechanism is applied as the opening / closing mechanism. When the rotating yoke is opened, the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit acts in the direction of pulling back and becomes a rotational resistance. Therefore, at the moment when the rotating yoke is opened, the rotational resistance can be greatly reduced by energizing the windings of the rotating yoke to form an electromagnet, and generating a repulsive force between the opposite ends of the rotating yoke and the magnetic circuit yoke. it can. Since the energization is cut off at the moment when the rotating yoke is opened, when the rotating yoke is half-rotated and closed, it is attracted to the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit in the same manner as a normal rotating yoke. Since energization is instantaneous, power consumption is small, and this opening / closing assist mechanism is useful.

  An example of a generator using the motor according to the present invention will be introduced with reference to FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the generator 1400 has a structure in which a motor 1402 and a dynamo 1404 are incorporated in a frame 1406. Details of the motor 1402 are depicted in FIGS. 12B and 12C. The motor 1402 includes an annular rotor 1408 having four annular magnets 1410 at equal intervals on the peripheral edge, and a stator having four openable / closable magnetic circuits 1412 similar to the magnetic circuits 4 and 4 ′ described above. 6 are stacked. Each motor is the same motor as the motors 300 and 1100 described above except that the rotor has an annular shape. Each rotor 1408 is configured to be able to rotate about the shaft 1405 as a central axis by being fixed to a frame 1403 fixed to a shaft 1405 rotatably held by a bearing 1405a. Similar to the motors 300 and 1100, each magnetic circuit 1412 opens and closes in conjunction with the rotation of the rotor 1408.

  Each magnetic circuit 1412 includes a rotating yoke similar to the above-described rotating yoke 28, and these are connected to rotate around the same rotation axis in the vertical direction. A flywheel 1414 is connected to the top and bottom of the yoke rotation shaft so that the magnetic circuit 1412 can be stably opened and closed by its inertial force. The dynamo 1404 is installed inside the frame 1403 while sharing a rotation axis. When the motor 1402 rotates according to the principle of the present invention already described, power is generated by the dynamo.

  Although the present invention has been described in detail using examples, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in various ways without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it can take the form.

It is the figure which represented typically the structure of the motor 100 which is an example of the motor according to this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the motor 100. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the motor 100. It is a plane perspective view of the motor 300 which concerns on another Example of this invention. It is A arrow directional view of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the opening / closing mechanism of the magnetic circuits 3-6. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a motor 300. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a motor 300. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a modified example of the motor 300. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining another modified example of the motor 300. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining still another modification of the motor 300. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining still another modified example of the motor 300. It is the figure on which the outline of the generator contained in this invention was drawn.

Explanation of symbols

1 Frame 2 Rotor 3, 4, 5, 6 Magnetic circuit 7, 8, 9, 10 Switch 12, 13, 14, 15 Bar magnet 16, 17, 18, 19 Arc-shaped magnet 25 Pin holder 28 Yoke 29 Rod 30 Hook 30a Lever 31a Shaft 32 Flat plate 34, 35, 36, 37 Magnet 38 Pin-shaped contact portion 50 Opening / closing support frame 100 Motor 102 Rotor 104a, 104b Magnetic circuit 106 Rotating shaft 108a, 108b Arm portion 110a, 110b Permanent Magnet 112a, 112b Permanent magnet 114a, 114b Yoke 116a, 116b Yoke 118a, 118b Yoke

Claims (10)

A rotor comprising a first magnet arranged so that the magnetic poles face in the radial direction;
The first magnet is fixed adjacent to the circular path along which the rotor rotates, and the opposing magnetic poles are the same as each other when the first magnet comes close as the rotor rotates. A stator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a second magnet and a yoke arranged to be
As the rotor rotates, the magnetic circuit is opened in conjunction with the approach of the first magnet to the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic in conjunction with the separation of the first magnet from the magnetic circuit. Opening and closing means for closing the circuit;
Comprising
The magnetic circuit includes: a first yoke bonded to one pole of the second magnet; a second yoke bonded to the other pole of the second magnet; the first yoke; A first yoke adjacent to both of the second yokes and a third yoke rotatably provided between a second position spaced from one or both of the first yoke and the second yoke. Composed of
motor.   2. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a plurality of radially extending arm portions, and the first magnet is disposed on each of the arm portions so that the same magnetic pole is directed in the radial direction. The motor described.   The rotor is a disk-shaped member that can rotate around a central axis, and a plurality of the first magnets are arranged on the periphery of the disk member so as to face the same magnetic pole in the radial direction. The motor according to claim 1.   The rotor is an annular member that can rotate around a central axis, and a plurality of the first magnets are respectively arranged on the annular portion of the annular member so as to face the same magnetic pole in the radial direction. The motor according to claim 1, which is provided.   The motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic circuit is fixed adjacent to the inside of the circular path.   The motor according to claim 1, wherein the first magnet has an arc shape.     7. The opening / closing means rotates the third yoke using at least one of a gear, a cam, a belt, an electric actuator, an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, and a wind propeller. The motor described. A rotor comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a second magnet and a yoke arranged so that the magnetic poles face in the radial direction;
The magnetic circuit is fixed adjacent to a circular path along which the rotor rotates, and the opposing magnetic poles become the same polarity when the second magnet comes close as the rotor rotates. A stator comprising a first magnet disposed on
As the rotor rotates, the magnetic circuit opens as the magnetic circuit approaches the first magnet, and the magnetic circuit moves away from the first magnet as the magnetic circuit moves away from the first magnet. Opening and closing means for closing the circuit;
Comprising
The magnetic circuit includes: a first yoke bonded to one pole of the second magnet; a second yoke bonded to the other pole of the second magnet; the first yoke; A first yoke adjacent to both of the second yokes and a third yoke rotatably provided between a second position spaced from one or both of the first yoke and the second yoke. Composed of
motor.   A motor configured by stacking a plurality of the motors according to claim 1.   The generator comprised using the motor in any one of Claim 1 to 9.

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