JP2006125754A - Air-conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioning system capable of reducing an operation load of an air conditioner with the consciousness of comfortability (PMV value) of air-conditioned environment. <P>SOLUTION: This air-conditioning system S is provided with the air conditioner 20 for cooling or heating an indoor space 100 in a factory building 10, and an air blowing mechanism 30 for feeding the air flow to a spot region K, that is, a region wherein a person exists in the indoor space 100. The air blowing mechanism 30 is equipped with a cooled air blow out duct 331 and a funnel nozzle 341 for feeding the air under the air flow generation condition for the summer season, and a warmed air blow out duct and a directional nozzle 342 for feeding the air under the air flow generation condition for the winter season, at least. The wind velocity of the air flow blown out of the funnel nozzle 341 and the directional nozzle 342 is determined on the basis of the PMV value grasped in advance in the indoor space 100. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioning system including an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and particularly relates to an air conditioning system that can perform an energy saving operation by utilizing a PMV analysis method in air conditioning in a factory.

  In general, air conditioning in a large-scale space such as a factory achieves air conditioning exclusively by combining the operation of an air conditioner that performs cooling or heating and the ventilation operation. The operation of the air conditioner is manually adjusted based on the temperature and cooling sensation of workers in the factory, or is automatically adjusted based on the temperature sensing result of a temperature sensor installed in the factory by setting the temperature of the air conditioner in advance. Yes. The exhaust operation is performed by a combination of mechanical air supply and mechanical exhaust or natural air supply and exhaust and mechanical air supply or mechanical exhaust. In such factory air conditioning, the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) value, which can be regarded as a comfort evaluation standard, is not particularly considered. PMV is a thermal subjectivity such as “hot” or “cold”, which is obtained based on the heat equation of the human body and the environment, which depends on the six elements of temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind speed, amount of clothes, and metabolic rate. Average prediction evaluation value.

On the other hand, systems for controlling an air conditioner itself based on a PMV value are known as air conditioning systems for relatively narrow spaces such as offices (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). Such a PMV control type air conditioning system is provided with a sensing element for measuring the PMV value in the air-conditioned space, and controls the operation of the air conditioner based on the sensing result.
JP-A-5-71793 JP 7-228125 A JP 2000-291990 A JP 2001-41531 A

  In factories, etc., the thermal environment changes due to the expansion of buildings and production lines and the increase or decrease in personnel, and the supply / exhaust (ventilation) balance at the beginning of factory construction is often lost. In other words, the air conditioners and ventilators are installed based on the equipment and personnel layout at the time of factory construction, but the factory environment changes over time, so the supply / exhaust balance as originally designed cannot be maintained. Sometimes. When the supply / exhaust balance is lost, the original ventilation / air conditioning functions cannot be performed, and there is a disadvantage that effective air conditioning cannot be performed. As a result, the air conditioner cannot be efficiently operated, and there is a problem that energy saving can be achieved only by forcing the worker or the like to be hot or cold.

  In view of this, it is conceivable to use an air conditioning system in which the PMV control function disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 is provided in an air conditioner arranged in a factory. However, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient energy saving effect in an air conditioning system that performs PMV control of the air conditioner body. That is, after all, the air conditioner is driven so that the indoor space is air-conditioned to an ideal PMV value, so that the air conditioning load cannot be reduced.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides an air conditioning system capable of reducing the operating load of an air conditioner as much as possible while being conscious of comfort (PMV value) in an air-conditioned environment (in a factory). With the goal.

  An air conditioning system according to claim 1 of the present invention includes an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space and an air blowing mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot-like manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space. In the system, the air blowing mechanism includes a control mechanism that controls a property of an air flow to be generated based on a PMV value in the indoor space that is grasped in advance.

  According to this configuration, the air conditioner that directly performs the air conditioning operation of cooling or heating is provided with the air blowing mechanism that generates the spot air flow and performs the auxiliary air conditioning operation. Minutes can be supplemented by the air flow provided by the blower mechanism, and the operating load of the air conditioner can be reduced. In addition, the nature of the air flow generated by the air blowing mechanism is controlled based on the PMV value of the indoor space, which is the air-conditioned environment, which has been grasped in advance by performing a PMV diagnosis or the like. Can provide comfortable air conditioning.

  An air conditioning system according to a second aspect of the present invention includes an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and a blower mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space. The air blowing mechanism includes a sensor that measures a PMV value in the indoor space, and a control mechanism that controls a property of an air flow that is generated based on the PMV value in the indoor space measured by the sensor. It is characterized by having.

  According to this configuration, the air conditioner that directly performs the air conditioning operation of cooling or heating is provided with the air blowing mechanism that generates the spot air flow and performs the auxiliary air conditioning operation. Minutes can be supplemented by the air flow provided by the blower mechanism, and the operating load of the air conditioner can be reduced. And since the property of the airflow which the said ventilation mechanism generate | occur | produces was made to control based on the PMV value in the said indoor space measured by the sensor which measures the PMV value of the indoor space which is an air-conditioning environment, Comfortable air conditioning can be provided in consideration of the current PMV value in the space.

  In the above configuration, the control mechanism includes a wind speed setting unit that sets a wind speed of the air flow generated by the air blowing mechanism, and the wind speed setting unit performs a first operation in a first indoor environment condition that does not consider the air blowing by the air blowing mechanism. The PMV value is compared with the second PMV value in the second indoor environment condition in consideration of spot air blowing to the area where the person exists, and the second PMV value is improved with respect to the first PMV value. It can be set as the structure which sets the wind speed of an airflow based on a degree (Claim 2). According to this configuration, in addition to the first PMV value, which is the PMV value when air conditioning is performed only by the air conditioner, and the air conditioning operation by the air conditioner, spot air blowing to the area where the person exists is considered Compared with the second PMV value and, for example, the effect of improving the PMV value due to spot-like ventilation is simulated, the wind speed of the optimum air flow can be set by the wind speed setting unit.

  An air conditioning system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and an air-conditioning mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space. In the system, the air blowing mechanism includes a second air in which a generation condition is different from a first air blowing mode in which air is blown at least in a first air flow generation condition. A control mechanism is provided that enables selection of a second air blowing mode in which air is blown under a flow generation condition.

  According to this configuration, the air conditioner that directly performs the air conditioning operation of cooling or heating is provided with the air blowing mechanism that generates the spot air flow and performs the auxiliary air conditioning operation. Minutes can be supplemented by the air flow provided by the blower mechanism, and the operating load of the air conditioner can be reduced. In addition, since the first and second air blowing modes having different air flow generation conditions can be selected at least, the auxiliary air conditioning by the air blowing mechanism can be performed under the air flow generation conditions more suitable for the air-conditioned room. It becomes possible to make it operate.

  The said structure WHEREIN: The said 1st ventilation mode and the 2nd ventilation mode are selected according to a seasonal factor, and a ventilation mechanism makes 1st ventilation which performs ventilation in 1st ventilation mode. A nozzle and a second air blowing nozzle that performs air blowing in the second air blowing mode are provided, and the first air blowing nozzle and the second air blowing nozzle can be configured to have different air blowing conditions ( Claim 5). According to this configuration, the first and second air blowing nozzles having different air blowing conditions are prepared as a mode in which the air flow generation conditions are different, and the spot from the first air blowing nozzle or the second air blowing nozzle depending on the season. Therefore, the air flow generation conditions can be easily changed, and the control mechanism can be simplified.

  In such a configuration, the first air blowing mode is selected in summer, the second air blowing mode is selected in winter, and the first air blowing nozzle is a region in which an air flow is generated in a spot manner. The second blower nozzle is a nozzle that blows air with a high directivity from a relatively remote part of a region where an air flow is generated in a spot manner. It is possible to adopt a configuration that does this (claim 6). According to this configuration, in the summer, a diffusive air flow is supplied from the vicinity of an area where people are present, avoiding the indoor upper layer where the warm air tends to stay. Also, in winter, a highly directional airflow is generated from a relatively remote part, so that airflow is supplied to the area where people are present while attracting warm air existing in the upper layer of the room. It becomes like this.

  The configuration according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the first air flow generation condition and the second air flow generation condition are determined based on a PMV value previously grasped in the indoor space. Is desirable (Claim 7). According to this configuration, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning in consideration of the PMV value.

  In the configuration according to any one of claims 4 to 6, the first air flow generation condition and the second air flow generation condition are measured by a sensor that measures a PMV value disposed in the indoor space. It is desirable that the configuration is determined based on the PMV value. According to this configuration, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning in consideration of the PMV value while sequentially grasping the current PMV value in the indoor space.

  According to the air conditioning system of the first aspect, by providing a spot-like air flow by installing the air blowing mechanism, for example, in summer, the temperature of a person existing in the air-conditioned room is lowered, and in the winter season. As a result, it is possible to improve the heating efficiency by convection of the warm air existing in the upper layer of the room, so that it is possible to reduce the load on the air conditioner and to save energy. In addition, since the air flow generated by the blower mechanism is controlled based on the PMV value of the indoor space grasped in advance, for example, even if the factory environment changes over time, the PMV diagnosis is appropriately performed. Will be able to provide an air conditioning environment that matches the current situation. In addition, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning that is conscious of the PMV value more easily and at a lower cost than when the air conditioner itself is PMV controlled.

  According to the air conditioning system of the second aspect, by providing a spot-like air flow by providing the air blowing mechanism, for example, in summer, the temperature of a person existing in the air-conditioned room is lowered, and in the winter season. As a result, it is possible to improve the heating efficiency by convection of the warm air existing in the upper layer of the room, so that it is possible to reduce the load on the air conditioner and to save energy. In addition, the air flow generated by the blower mechanism is controlled based on the PMV value in the indoor space measured by the sensor that measures the PMV value in the indoor space that is the air-conditioned environment. It is possible to provide an air conditioning environment that matches the current situation not only when the environment changes over time, but also when the factory environment changes every moment due to the weather conditions of the day. In addition, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning that is conscious of the PMV value more easily and at a lower cost than when the air conditioner itself is PMV controlled.

  According to the air conditioning system according to the third aspect, for example, after simulating the improvement effect of the PMV value by spot-like air blowing, the wind speed of the optimum air flow can be set by the wind speed setting unit. The load can be reduced more efficiently, and the energy saving effect can be further enhanced.

  According to the air conditioning system of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the operation load of the air conditioner is reduced by the provision of the air blowing mechanism, and the auxiliary air conditioning by the air blowing mechanism is performed under the air flow generation conditions more suitable for the air-conditioned room. Since the operation can be performed, it is possible to save energy and provide a comfortable air-conditioned space.

  According to the air conditioning system of the fifth aspect, since the spot-like air flow can be selectively generated from the first air blowing nozzle or the second air blowing nozzle, the air flow generation condition can be easily changed, Since the control mechanism can be simplified, the equipment cost can be reduced.

  According to the air conditioning system of the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the summer, a diffusive air flow is supplied from the vicinity of a region where people are present, and therefore, heat is generated in the indoor upper layer portion where warm air tends to stay. Thus, the air flow can be supplied without being affected by the above, and the sensible temperature can be effectively reduced. Also, in winter, airflow with a relatively high directivity is generated from a relatively remote area, so that airflow is supplied to the area where people are present, while attracting warm air existing in the upper layer of the room. Therefore, the staying warm air can be effectively supplied to the spot region. Therefore, in any season, the load on the air conditioner can be reduced very efficiently.

  According to the air conditioning system according to the seventh aspect, since comfortable air conditioning in consideration of the PMV value can be provided, there is an effect that energy saving and provision of a comfortable air conditioning space can be further effectively achieved.

  According to the air conditioning system according to the eighth aspect, it becomes possible to provide the air conditioning in consideration of the PMV value while sequentially grasping the current PMV value in the indoor space, so that more comfortable air conditioning can be performed. .

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, an air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in a case where an air conditioning system S according to the present invention is applied to a large-scale indoor space 100 in a factory building 10. This air conditioning system S is an air conditioner 20 that cools or heats the indoor space 100 in the factory building 10 and an air flow that causes an air flow to be spotted in a region (spot region K) where a person exists in the indoor space 100. The ventilation mechanism 30 to perform and the ventilation mechanism 40 to ventilate the indoor space 100 are provided.

  The air conditioner 20 is installed on the floor surface 14 of the factory building 10, generates warm air for heating or cool air for cooling, and directly into the indoor space 100, which is the air-conditioned space, or via a duct or the like. Supply indirectly. As this air conditioner 20, various large-capacity type air conditioners commercially available as factory air conditioners can be used. For example, a water-cooled or air-cooled heat pump type air conditioner can be used. The air conditioner 20 includes a temperature sensor 21, and load adjustment (temperature setting) is possible according to the temperature condition of the indoor space 100.

  The blower mechanism 30 includes a blower fan 31, a wind speed control unit (wind speed setting unit) 32, a blowout duct 33, a summer air supply duct 35, a winter air supply duct 36, an air supply duct 37, a supply duct 38, and the like. Has been. The blowout duct 33 includes a cool air blowout duct 331 and a funnel nozzle (first blower nozzle) 341 disposed on the leading end side thereof, and a warm air blowout duct 332 and a directional nozzle (second blower disposed on the leading end thereof). Nozzle) 342.

  The blower fan 31 serves as a generation source of an air flow to be supplied to the spot region K, and various types of blower fans including rotating blades can be used. As will be described later, the optimum air flow speed differs between summer and winter (about 1-2 m / s in summer and about 0.5 m / s or less in winter). Fan) is used. The air speed control unit 32 can set the amount of air generated by the blower fan 31 according to a PMV diagnosis value described later, the nozzle shape of the blowout duct 33, or the nozzle arrangement position.

  The cool air blowing duct 331 of the blowing duct 33 is for taking in cool air that has settled near the floor 14 of the indoor space 100 in the summer and supplying the air to the spot region K as a long type duct. It is done. A funnel nozzle 341 that radiates airflow diffusely (performs wide-angle air blowing) is attached to the distal end side of the cold air blowing duct 331. The cold air outlet duct 331 is installed in a manner extending in the vertical direction from the ceiling 12 side of the factory building 10 toward the floor surface 14 toward the spot region K, and the funnel nozzle 341 Air is blown out from a relatively upper portion of the region K.

  On the other hand, the warm air blowing duct 332 of the blowing duct 33 is for taking in warm air staying on the ceiling 12 of the indoor space 100 in the winter and supplying it as an air flow to the spot region K, and a short type duct is used. . A directional nozzle 342 that emits jet airflow (performs highly directional air blowing) is attached to the front end side of the warm air blowing duct 332. The warm air blowing duct 332 is also installed in a manner extending in the vertical direction from the ceiling 12 side of the factory building 10 toward the floor surface 14 toward the spot region K. The directional nozzle 342 Compared with the installation position of the funnel nozzle 341, it is arranged in a high-rise part of the indoor space 100, and air is blown out from the upper part of the remote part relative to the spot region K.

  As shown in a simple cross-sectional structure in FIG. 2, the cold air blowing duct 331 and the warm air blowing duct 332 are connected to a branch pipe 343 provided with an air outlet switching valve 344 at the end on the ceiling 12 side. Yes. As shown in FIG. 2, the air outlet switching valve 344 includes, for example, a valve body 3442 that is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft 3441, and the cool air blowing duct 331 or the warm air blowing air is blown by the turning operation of the valve body 3442. A configuration in which one of the ducts 332 is closed can be employed.

  Thus, one blowout duct 33 is composed of a cold blowout duct 331, a warm blowout duct 332, and a branch pipe 343, and a plurality of such blowout ducts 33 correspond to a spot region K that is a region where a person works. It is suitably provided at the position where These blowout ducts 33 (the root portions of the branch pipes 343) are attached in a manifold shape to a supply duct 38 disposed in a direction parallel to the ceiling 12 surface, and warm air or cold air is blown through the supply duct 38. It is configured to be supplied to the duct 33.

  The summer air supply duct 35 is a long duct, and is installed in a manner extending in the vertical direction from the ceiling 12 side toward the floor surface 14. The summer air supply duct 35 is provided with an air intake 352 at an end of the floor surface 14 side, and can take in air cooled by the cooling operation of the air conditioner 20 in summer. The air intake 352 is disposed at a place where it does not interfere with the operation, and a silencer 352 for preventing noise is attached to the opening. In addition, it is desirable to attach a simple filter for filtering dust and the like to the opening.

  On the other hand, the end of the summer air supply duct 35 on the ceiling 12 side communicates with the air supply side of the blower fan 31. In addition, a damper 353 is arranged inside the summer air supply duct 35 to block the air flow inside the duct. Accordingly, when the air blowing operation is performed by operating the blower fan 31 in a state where the damper 353 is “open”, the cool air near the floor surface 14 is supplied via the air intake 352 to the summer air supply duct 35. In the state where the air is taken in and the damper 353 is “closed”, the air is not taken in via the summer air supply duct 35.

  The winter air supply duct 36 is a relatively short duct and is installed in a manner extending in the vertical direction in the vicinity of the ceiling 12. The winter air supply duct 36 includes an air intake 361 at an end portion on the ceiling 12 side (an upper end portion oriented in the vicinity of the surface of the ceiling 12). The stagnant warm air generated by the above can be taken in. On the other hand, the lower end of the winter air supply duct 36 communicates with the air supply side of the blower fan 31.

  Similarly, a damper 362 that can block the air flow inside the duct is disposed inside the winter air supply duct 36. Accordingly, when the air supply operation is performed by operating the blower fan 31 in a state where the damper 362 is “open”, the warm air staying near the ceiling 12 is supplied via the air intake 361 for the winter supply. In the state where the air is taken into the air duct 36 and the damper 362 is “closed”, the air is not taken in via the winter air supply duct 36.

  An air supply duct 37 is attached to the air supply side of the blower fan 31. The other end side of the air supply duct 37 communicates with the supply duct 38, so that cold air or warm air taken in from the summer air supply duct 35 or the winter air supply duct 36 causes the supply duct 38 to pass through. It is possible to supply to each blowing duct 33 via. A damper 371 is also provided inside the air supply duct 37, and the air supply toward the supply duct 38 can be controlled by opening and closing the damper 371.

  In addition to the air blowing mechanism 30 as described above, the air conditioning system S includes a ventilation mechanism 40 that ventilates the indoor space 100. The ventilation mechanism 40 includes a ventilation duct 41, a self-weight shutter 43 disposed at the outlet 42 of the ventilation duct 41, and a damper 44 disposed in the ventilation duct 41.

  The ventilation duct 41 is disposed in a horizontal direction with respect to the ceiling 12 surface, and one end side thereof communicates with an intermediate portion of the air supply duct 37, and the other end side (exit 42) is provided on the side wall 13 of the factory building 10. It is said that the length of the duct. The self-weight shutter 43 is a shutter that is incorporated in the side wall 13 and is opened by an air flow (wind pressure) sent from the ventilation duct 41 and is closed at that time when there is no air flow. Moreover, the damper 44 is for enabling control of the air supply toward the ventilation duct 38 by its opening / closing operation.

  The reason for providing such a ventilation mechanism 40 is that there is a limit to air-conditioning the comfortable indoor space 100 only by the operation of the air conditioner 20 and the air blowing mechanism 30. That is, in the summer, if ventilation is not performed, hot air accumulates in the vicinity of the ceiling 12 and eventually reaches the vicinity of the floor 14 (near the work area), thereby reducing the cooling effect of the air conditioner 20. Further, in winter, the temperature in the vicinity of the work area is remarkably lowered, and unless the low-temperature air is efficiently ventilated (exhaust), the heating effect by the air conditioner 20 is diminished. Therefore, it is desirable to ventilate intermittently by sensing the temperature near the ceiling 12 or the floor 14.

  The operation will be described in detail later, but when the air blowing operation toward the spot region K is performed by the air blowing mechanism 30 (air blowing mode), the damper 371 provided in the air feeding duct 37 is opened. On the other hand, the damper 44 provided in the ventilation duct 41 is “closed” to form an air supply path. On the other hand, when ventilation is performed (ventilation mode), the damper 371 is “closed” while the damper 44 is “opened” to form an exhaust path.

  In addition, the ceiling back space 101 between the roof 11 and the ceiling 12 of the factory building 10 is a flow path for waste heat (warm air or cold air) generated in the facility in the factory. It is configured to operate more efficiently. The waste heat in the ceiling space 101 is exhausted to the outside through a ventilation fan 102 and a self-weight shutter 103 installed on the upper layer of the side wall 13.

  In the air conditioning system S configured as described above, the nature of the air flow generated by the blower mechanism 30 is set and controlled by a predetermined control mechanism. The control mechanism in the present embodiment includes a wind speed control unit (wind speed setting unit) 32 of the blower fan 31 and a nozzle unit (shape setting) for blowing out warm air or cold air. Specifically, the nature of the air flow supplied to the spot region K is determined by the amount of air generated by the blower fan 31 and the settings of the air discharge amount, discharge direction, discharge region, and the like of the funnel nozzle 341 and the directional nozzle 342. The

  The PMV value of the spot region K is taken into account when setting the amount of air generated by the blower fan 31 and the shape of the funnel nozzle 341 and the directional nozzle 342 by the wind speed control unit 32. That is, the first PMV value in the first indoor environment condition that does not consider the air blowing by the blower mechanism 30 is compared with the second PMV value in the second indoor environment condition that considers the air blowing to the spot region K, Based on the degree of improvement of the second PMV value with respect to the first PMV value, the air flow wind speed is set (and the nozzle shape is set). Hereinafter, the air flow generation condition setting in consideration of the PMV value will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process for setting an air flow generation condition in consideration of the PMV value. First, measurement is performed for each PMV parameter necessary for obtaining the PMV value at a predetermined location in the indoor space 100 that is the air-conditioned space (spot region K where ventilation by the blowing mechanism is scheduled) (step S11). The parameters to be measured here are six elements: temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind speed, clothing amount (black value), and metabolic rate. This is because the heat balance of the human body is determined by the six elements, and the PMV value is a predicted value of heat and cold obtained by a predetermined prediction formula (prediction formula by Fanger described later). In addition, you may make it obtain | require PMV value directly using a PMV meter (for example, Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd., portable PMV meter AM-101).

  Since the six elements have a correlation with the outside air temperature (including the amount of solar radiation) (particularly, the temperature, humidity, and radiation temperature), the outside temperature is also measured in parallel with the measurement of the six elements. As for the measurement period, it is desirable to conduct the summer characteristics from the end of July to the beginning of September and the winter characteristics from the end of December to the beginning of February so that the maximum evaluation of heat or cold can be performed.

Next, a PMV value is calculated based on the measured six elements (step S12). Such calculation can be obtained by substituting the measured value into the following prediction formula by Fanger.
PMV = f (M) · S
Here, f (M) = 0.303exp (−0.036 · M) +0.028
S = M− (C + R + E) − (Cres + Eres)
S: Heat balance of human body (W / m ² )
M: Metabolic amount (W / m ² )
C: Convective heat dissipation (W / m ² ) = fcl · hc · (tcl-ta)
R: radiation heat radiation amount ^{(W / m 2) = 3.96} · 10 -8 · fcl · {(tcl + 273.15) 4 - (tr + 273.15) 4}
E: Evaporation heat dissipation (W / m ² ) = 3.05 · (5.73-0.007 · M-Pa) + 0.42 · (M-58.15)
Cres: Sensible heat release by breathing = 0.0014 ・ M ・ (34−ta)
Eres: Latent heat release by breathing = 0.0173 ・ M ・ (5.87−pa ・ M)
In addition, tcl: clothing temperature = tsk−0.155 · I · (C + R)
tsk: Skin temperature = 35.7−0.0275 · M

  The PMV value is expressed in a range of +3 to -3, and the degree of feeling the heat increases as it shifts to the plus side, and the degree of feeling the cold increases as it shifts to the minus side. Further, when the PMV value becomes zero, it becomes an “neither” thermal sensation region in which heat / coldness is not felt. In general, the PMV value is considered to be an ideal range in which ± 0.5 feels comfortable, and about ± 0.84 is an acceptable range that does not cause discomfort with respect to heat or cold. FIG. 4 shows the sensitivity distribution of the thermal sensation and the predicted unsatisfied person rate at each PMV value.

  Unlike the other thermal sensation indicators, the PMV value directly indicates the amount of sensation, so a PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) value is calculated so that the dissatisfaction rate can be easily predicted. (Step S13). The PPD value is a prediction of the unsatisfactory rate at each PMV value, and has a correlation with the PMV value. FIG. 5 shows the calculation formula of the PPD value derived by Fanger and the PMV-PPD curve. As shown in the curve, even if the PMV value is 0, 5% of unsatisfied people are predicted to exist. In ISO7730, PPD <10% (PMV value = ± 0.5) is recommended.

  Subsequently, PMV evaluation is performed based on the PMV value and / or PPD value obtained above (step S14). Here, the 1st PMV value in the 1st indoor environmental condition which does not consider the ventilation by air blowing mechanism 30, ie, the 2nd indoor environmental condition which considered the current PMV value of spot area K, and the ventilation to spot area K 2 is compared with the PMV value under the condition that the air flow is supplied to the spot region K. Since the first PMV value is a current value, the PMV value calculated in step S12 is used.

  On the other hand, the second PMV value is obtained in a state where an air flow is actually supplied to the spot region K (actually, the above steps S11 to S13 are executed while supplying the air flow to the spot region K). . In this case, it is desirable to acquire a plurality of data by changing the property of the air flow (for example, the wind speed). If the first PMV value and the second PMV value are acquired for at least the summer and winter polar seasons, the annual characteristics can be estimated.

  In addition to such PMV evaluation, it is desirable to confirm the change in the PMV value when the set temperature of cooling or heating by the air conditioner 20 is changed in the state where the air flow is supplied to the spot region K. . For example, in summer, the air conditioning set temperature by the air conditioner 20 is sequentially changed while giving a predetermined air flow to the spot region K, and the PMV value at each set temperature is obtained. Thus, for example, if it is found that there is no substantial change between the PMV value when the air conditioning set temperature is 20 ° C. and the PMV value when the air conditioning set temperature is 23 ° C., the air conditioning is performed under the supply of the air flow. A diagnosis result that the same air-conditioning effect can be obtained even if the set temperature is increased by + 3 ° C. is obtained. In other words, if the air flow is supplied under a predetermined condition, the air conditioning set temperature by the air conditioner 20 can be increased by + 3 ° C., the load on the air conditioner 20 can be reduced for the set temperature increase, and energy saving can be achieved. It is expected to be possible.

  Through the PMV evaluation step as described above, the nature of the generated air flow by the blower mechanism 30 according to the season is set (step S15). In this case, the first air flow mode (summer mode in the present embodiment) for blowing air at least under the first air flow generation condition and the second air flow generation condition are different from each other in the second air flow generation condition. A second air blowing mode (in this embodiment, a winter mode) is set in which air is blown under the air flow generation condition. Based on this setting condition, in the case of the air conditioning system S shown in FIG. 1, air blowing conditions from the cold air blowing duct 331 and the warm air blowing duct 332 are determined. Specifically, the nozzle shape of the funnel nozzle (first blowing nozzle) 341 and the directional nozzle (second blowing nozzle) 342 in each blowing duct 33, the nozzle height, and the operating conditions (wind speed) of the blowing fan 31. Are determined, and the nozzle is installed in the indoor space 100 based on the determined value.

  When the air flow generation conditions are set by the blower mechanism 30 in this way, the operation of the air conditioning system S according to the seasonal factor (operation of the air conditioner 20 and either the funnel nozzle 341 or the directional nozzle 342 is performed. (Supply of air flow) is performed (step S16). This operation will be described in detail later. After that, when a large environmental change occurs in the indoor space 100, such as a change in factory layout (yes in step S17), for example, when a mechanical device or the like that becomes a heat source is installed or a line change is made, PMV Since the value may change, the PMV diagnosis in steps S11 to S15 is executed again, and the setting of the blowout duct 33 is changed as necessary.

  Subsequently, it is confirmed whether or not there is a seasonal change (step S18). If there is no seasonal change (no in step S18), the operation of the air conditioning system S is continued. On the other hand, if there is a seasonal change (yes in step S18), the air blowing mode is changed (step S19). Specifically, when changing from the summer mode to the winter mode, the air blowing is changed from the funnel nozzle 341 to the directional nozzle 342. When changing from the winter mode to the summer mode, the air blowing is changed from the directional nozzle 342 to the funnel nozzle 341, and the air conditioning system S is operated.

  Next, the operation when the blower mechanism 30 is operated in the first blower mode (summer mode) and the second blower mode (winter mode) will be described. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the air conditioning system S is operated in the summer mode, and FIG. 7 is a time chart for explaining the operation state.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in the summer mode, the air conditioner 20 performs a cooling operation, and the air blowing mechanism 30 has a summer air supply duct 35 serving as an intake of air (cold air), and each blowing duct 33 is a cold air blowing duct. 331 is an air outlet. Accordingly, the damper 353 in the summer air supply duct 35 is “open”, while the damper 362 in the winter air supply duct 36 is “closed”. The damper 371 in the air supply duct 37 is also opened, and the air outlet switching valve 344 in the branch pipe 343 is in a state of closing the warm air outlet duct 332 side.

  When the blower fan 31 is driven by such an air flow path formation, air is taken in from the summer air intake 352, and sequentially passes through the summer air supply duct 35, the air supply duct 37, and the supply duct 38, A wide-angle air is blown from the upper part of the spot region K in the vicinity of the spot region K from the funnel nozzle 341 of the cold air blowing duct 331. That is, the cool air generated near the floor surface 14 by the cooling operation of the air conditioner 20 is taken in from the air intake 352, and the cool air is avoided from the hot air in the upper part of the indoor space 100 by the long-type cool air blowing duct 331. It is carried to near 14 and blown out from the funnel nozzle 341. The wind speed of this balloon is determined after grasping the building environment by the PMV diagnosis described above.

  It should be noted that a thermometer is installed near the air intake 352, and when the supply air temperature from the air intake 352 exceeds 30 ° C, a sequence in which the wind speed control unit 32 stops the operation of the blower fan 31 may be incorporated. desirable. This is because when an air flow having a temperature exceeding 30 ° C. is blown onto the human body, it becomes equivalent to blowing hot air and many people feel uncomfortable.

  During ventilation, the winter air supply duct 36 serves as an air intake, and the ventilation duct 41 of the ventilation mechanism 40 serves as an air outlet. Therefore, when the ventilation operation is performed, the damper 362 in the winter air supply duct 36 and the damper 44 in the ventilation duct 41 are opened, while the damper 353 and the air supply duct 37 in the summer air supply duct 35 are opened. The inner damper 371 is “closed”. Thus, during the ventilation operation, hot air staying in the vicinity of the ceiling 12 is taken from the winter intake 361 and exhausted from the outlet 42 of the ventilation duct 41 to the outside of the factory building 10. In addition, it is desirable to perform this ventilation operation periodically by automatically switching the open / close state of the damper group at regular intervals.

  Next, an example of an operation pattern of the air conditioning system S in the summer will be described based on the time chart of FIG. First, at time t11 when the operation of the air conditioning system S is started, the air blowing mechanism 30 (the air blowing fan 31) is brought into an operating state. That is, the blower fan 31 is driven, air is taken in from the summer air intake 352, and the blowout of air from the funnel nozzle 341 is started. This is because a predetermined air flow environment is formed in advance before the air conditioner 20 is operated, and the air conditioner 20 is efficiently operated. Thereafter, the blower fan 31 is continuously operated.

  Thereafter, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is started at time t12. The air conditioner 20 has a predetermined set temperature (air condition temperature), a temperature (PMV lower limit temperature) at which the cooling is felt to be too effective around the set temperature, and a cooling effect is felt to be weak (hot). Temperature (PMV upper limit temperature) is set. The air conditioner 20 is operated so that the temperature of the indoor space 100 can be maintained within the upper and lower temperature ranges of the PMV.

  At time t13 when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is stopped. At the subsequent time t14, the ventilation operation is started. That is, as described above, the dampers 362 and 44 are “open” and the dampers 353 and 371 are “closed”. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed (after a predetermined ventilation time has elapsed), the open / close state of the damper group is reversed. Thereafter, such opening / closing switching of the damper group is periodically performed and ventilation is performed.

  At time t15 when the room temperature rises to the PMV upper limit temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is resumed. Then, at time t16 when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is stopped again. Thereafter, the same operation is repeated so that the indoor space 100 is maintained within the upper and lower temperature limits of the PMV, such as restarting the operation of the air conditioner 20 at time t17 and stopping the operation at time t18.

  Next, the operation of the operation in the winter mode will be described. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the air conditioning system S is operated in the winter mode, and FIG. 9 is a time chart for explaining the operation state.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in the winter mode, the air conditioner 20 performs a heating operation, and the air blowing mechanism 30 has a winter air supply duct 36 serving as an intake port for air (warm air), and each blowing duct 33 is a warm air blowing duct. 332 is an air outlet. Accordingly, the damper 362 in the winter air supply duct 36 is “open”, while the damper 353 in the summer air supply duct 35 is “closed”. The damper 371 in the air supply duct 37 is also opened, and the air outlet switching valve 344 in the branch pipe 343 is in a state of closing the cold air outlet duct 331 side.

  When the blower fan 31 is driven by such an air flow path formation, air is taken in from the winter air intake 361 and sequentially passes through the winter air supply duct 36, the air supply duct 37, and the supply duct 38, The air blowing out like a jet stream is performed from the directional nozzle 342 of the warm air blowing duct 332 from above a relatively remote part of the spot region K. That is, warm air staying in the vicinity of the ceiling 12 by the heating operation of the air conditioner 20 is taken in from the air intake 361 and the warm air is blown out from the directional nozzle 342. By causing such a jet stream to blow out air, the warm air staying in the upper layer portion of the indoor space 100 is attracted by the jet stream and blown down to the spot area K. Can increase the perceived temperature. The wind speed of the air blowing from the directional nozzle 342 is determined after grasping the building environment by the PMV diagnosis described above. However, the higher the wind speed, the more the human body temperature is dissipated by the airflow and the coldness is felt, so it is desirable to select the wind speed in the light wind region (for example, about 0.5 m / s).

  During ventilation, the summer air supply duct 35 serves as an air intake, and the ventilation duct 41 of the ventilation mechanism 40 serves as an air outlet. Therefore, when the ventilation operation is performed, the damper 353 in the summer air supply duct 35 and the damper 44 in the ventilation duct 41 are opened, while the damper 362 and the air supply duct 37 in the winter air supply duct 36 are opened. The inner damper 371 is “closed”. As a result, during the ventilation operation, cool air staying in the vicinity of the floor surface 14 is taken from the summer intake 351 and exhausted from the outlet 42 of the ventilation duct 41 to the outside of the factory building 10. In addition, it is desirable to perform this ventilation operation periodically by automatically switching the open / close state of the damper group at regular intervals.

  Next, an example of an operation pattern of the air conditioning system S in winter will be described based on the time chart of FIG. First, at time t21 when the operation of the air conditioning system S is started, the air blowing mechanism 30 (the air blowing fan 31) is brought into an operating state. That is, the blower fan 31 is driven, air is taken in from the winter air intake 361, and air blowing from the directional nozzle 342 is started. This is because a predetermined air flow environment is formed in advance before the air conditioner 20 is operated, and the air conditioner 20 is efficiently operated. Thereafter, the blower fan 31 is continuously operated.

  Thereafter, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is started at time t22. The air conditioner 20 has a predetermined set temperature (air condition temperature), the temperature at which the heating is too effective around the set temperature (PMV upper limit temperature), and the heating effect is weak (cold). The felt temperature (PMV lower limit temperature) is set. The air conditioner 20 is operated so that the temperature of the indoor space 100 can be maintained within the upper and lower temperature ranges of the PMV.

  At time t23 when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is stopped. At the subsequent time t24, the ventilation operation is started. That is, as described above, the dampers 353 and 44 are “open”, and the dampers 362 and 371 are “closed”. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed (after a predetermined ventilation time has elapsed), the open / close state of the damper group is reversed. Thereafter, such opening / closing switching of the damper group is periodically performed and ventilation is performed.

  At time t25 when the room temperature rises to the PMV lower limit temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is resumed. Then, at time t26 when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the operation of the air conditioner 20 is stopped again. Thereafter, similar operations are repeated so that the indoor space 100 is maintained within the upper and lower PMV temperature ranges, such as restarting the operation of the air conditioner 20 at time t27 and stopping the operation at time t28.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an air conditioning system SA according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 1 denote the same parts, and the description of these parts is omitted to avoid duplication. In this embodiment, a sensor for measuring the PMV value is arranged in the indoor space 100 which is an air-conditioned space, and the current PMV value is grasped based on the measured value of the sensor, and the measured PMV value is obtained. In this embodiment, the operation of the blower mechanism 30 is controlled. That is, in the first embodiment, PMV evaluation is performed in advance and a fixed PMV value is set, and the operation of the blower mechanism 30 is not controlled, but the PMV value at that time is constantly measured while the PMV value is constantly measured. The operation of the blower mechanism 30 is controlled according to the value.

  For this reason, in the present embodiment, the temperature / humidity sensor 51 and the radiation temperature sensor 52 for measuring the PMV parameters are arranged in the area of the spot area K. Further, the wind speed controller 32 obtains the current PMV value by calculation based on the measurement results by the temperature / humidity sensor 51 and the radiation temperature sensor 52 and various set values, and the blower fan 31 according to the PMV value. Is provided with a calculation unit 321 for performing a calculation for determining the wind speed of the wind. In addition, the above-mentioned PMV meter may be arranged in the spot region K, and the calculation unit 321 may only determine the wind speed of the blower fan 31 based on the measurement result of the PMV meter.

  In the above configuration, the temperature / humidity sensor 51 and the radiation temperature sensor 52 constantly measure the temperature, radiation temperature, and humidity in the spot region K, and the measured values are subjected to predetermined sampling in the calculation unit 321 of the wind speed control unit 32. Send at rate. As for the amount of clothing and the amount of metabolism in the PMV parameters, representative values for each season are input in advance to a memory unit provided in the calculation unit 321.

  And the calculating part 321 calculates | requires the PMV value of the indoor space 100 (spot area K) in the present time based on these PMV parameters. This PMV value is set as a target PMV value in the air conditioning control by the air conditioner 20 and the blower mechanism 30. The calculation unit 321 determines the operating condition of the blower mechanism 30, specifically, the wind speed of the blower fan 31 so that the target PMV value can be approached. Thereafter, the predetermined air flow determined in this way is supplied to the spot region K.

  Further, when the measured values of the temperature / humidity sensor 51 and the radiation temperature sensor 52 change with the passage of time and changes in weather conditions, a new target PMV value is set, and the calculation unit 321 The wind speed of the blower fan 31 is determined so that it can approach the new target PMV value. Then, the newly set predetermined air flow is supplied to the spot region K. It should be noted that a predetermined threshold value for the wind speed is preferably stored in a memory unit provided in the calculation unit 321 so that an excessive wind speed is not set.

As mentioned above, although air-conditioning system S concerning one embodiment of the present invention was explained, it is not limited to this but can take the following modes (1)-(3), for example.
(1) In the above embodiment, the case where the long type cold air blowing duct 331 and the short type warm air blowing duct 332 are separately installed has been described. A single duct may be used. In this case, it is desirable that the air blowing nozzle shape can be changed to a wide angle and directivity.

  (2) In the above embodiment, the case where the setting is made for two types of the summer mode and the winter mode is exemplified, but in addition to this, the spring / autumn mode is set. Air flow supply by 30 may be performed. In addition, a mode for an extremely hot season or a severe winter season may be set, and air flow supply different from the normal summer / winter mode may be performed.

  (3) In the above embodiment, the case where the indoor space 100 in the factory building 10 is an air-conditioned space is exemplified, but a large-scale space such as an office, a supermarket, or a theater may be the air-conditioned space. .

It is the block diagram which showed typically the structure in the case of applying the air conditioning system S concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention to the large-scale indoor space in a factory building. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of a blowing duct. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the air flow generation condition setting which considered PMV value. It is a figure of a tabular format which shows the sensitivity distribution of the thermal sensation in each PMV value, and a prediction dissatisfied person rate. It is a graph which shows the calculation formula of the PPD value induced | guided | derived by Fanger, and a PMV-PPD curve. It is the block diagram which showed typically the state which is operating the air-conditioning system S concerning this invention in summer mode. It is a time chart for demonstrating the driving | running state of the air conditioning system S in the said summer mode. It is the block diagram which showed typically the state which is operating the air conditioning system S concerning this invention in winter mode. It is a time chart for demonstrating the driving | running state of the air conditioning system S in the said winter mode. It is the block diagram which showed typically the structure in the case of applying the air conditioning system S concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention to the large-scale indoor space in a factory building.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Factory building 100 Indoor space 20 Air conditioner 30 Blower mechanism 31 Blower fan 32 Wind speed control part (wind speed setting part / control mechanism which controls the property of an air flow)
33 Blowout duct 331 Cold air blowout duct 332 Warm air blowout duct 341 Funnel nozzle (a nozzle that blows out wide-angle air)
342 Directional nozzle (nozzle that blows air with high directivity)
35 Air supply duct for summer 36 Air supply duct for winter 37 Air supply duct 38 Supply duct 40 Ventilation mechanism 41 Ventilation ducts 353, 362, 371, 44 Damper S Air conditioning system K Spot area

Claims (8)

An air conditioning system comprising an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and a blower mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space,
The air-conditioning system characterized in that the air blowing mechanism includes a control mechanism that controls the nature of the air flow that is generated based on the PMV value in the indoor space ascertained in advance. An air conditioning system comprising an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and a blower mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space,
The air blowing mechanism includes a sensor that measures the PMV value in the indoor space, and a control mechanism that controls the nature of the air flow that is generated based on the PMV value in the indoor space measured by the sensor. An air conditioning system characterized by The control mechanism includes a wind speed setting unit that sets a wind speed of an air flow generated by the air blowing mechanism,
The said wind speed setting part is the 1st PMV value in the 1st indoor environmental condition which does not consider the ventilation by the said ventilation mechanism, and the 2nd indoor environmental condition in consideration of the spot-like ventilation to the area | region where a person exists. Contrast with the PMV value of 2.
The air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a wind speed of an air flow is set based on an improvement degree of the second PMV value with respect to the first PMV value. An air conditioning system comprising an air conditioner that cools or heats an indoor space, and a blower mechanism that blows air to generate an air flow in a spot manner in a region where a person exists in the indoor space,
The blower mechanism blows air at a first airflow generation condition in which the airflow is performed at least under a first airflow generation condition and a second airflow generation condition in which the generation condition is different from the first airflow generation condition. An air conditioning system comprising: a control mechanism that enables selection of a second air blowing mode for performing the operation. The first air blowing mode and the second air blowing mode are selected according to seasonal factors,
The blower mechanism includes a first blower nozzle that blows air in the first blower mode, and a second blower nozzle that blows air in the second blower mode,
The air conditioning system according to claim 4, wherein the first blowing nozzle and the second blowing nozzle have different air blowing conditions. The first air blowing mode is selected in summer, and the second air blowing mode is selected in winter.
The first air blowing nozzle is a nozzle that blows out a wide-angle air from a relatively close part of an area where an air flow is generated in a spot manner,
6. The air conditioning system according to claim 5, wherein the second air blowing nozzle is a nozzle that blows out air with high directivity from a relatively remote part of an area where an air flow is generated in a spot manner.   The said 1st air flow generation condition and the 2nd air flow generation condition are determined based on the PMV value grasped | ascertained beforehand in the said indoor space, The one of Claims 4-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Air conditioning system.   The first air flow generation condition and the second air flow generation condition are determined based on a PMV value measured by a sensor that measures a PMV value disposed in the indoor space. The air conditioning system in any one of 4-6.

Images