JP2005248160A - Biodegradable plastic material and molded body - Google Patents
Biodegradable plastic material and molded body Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005248160A JP2005248160A JP2004374894A JP2004374894A JP2005248160A JP 2005248160 A JP2005248160 A JP 2005248160A JP 2004374894 A JP2004374894 A JP 2004374894A JP 2004374894 A JP2004374894 A JP 2004374894A JP 2005248160 A JP2005248160 A JP 2005248160A
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Abstract
【課題】 改善された物性値を有する生分解性プラスチック材料、及びその生分解性プラスチック材料を用いた成形体を提供する。
【解決手段】 生分解性ポリマー(a)と、前記ポリマー(a)以外のポリマー(b)と、アイオノマー樹脂、オキサゾリン系相溶化剤、エラストマー系相溶化剤、反応性相溶化剤、及び共重合体系相溶化剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の相溶化剤(c)とを含む、生分解性プラスチック材料。前記ポリマー(b)は、例えば、ポリエステル系樹脂、ナイロン系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、及びポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる群から選ばれる。生分解性ポリマー(a)100重量部に対して、例えば、ポリマー(b)0.1〜100重量部、及び相溶化剤(c)0.1〜100重量部を含む。
【選択図】 なしPROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biodegradable plastic material having improved physical property values and a molded body using the biodegradable plastic material.
SOLUTION: A biodegradable polymer (a), a polymer (b) other than the polymer (a), an ionomer resin, an oxazoline-based compatibilizer, an elastomer-based compatibilizer, a reactive compatibilizer, and a copolymer A biodegradable plastic material comprising at least one compatibilizer (c) selected from the group consisting of systematic compatibilizers. The polymer (b) is selected from the group consisting of, for example, a polyester resin, a nylon resin, a styrene resin, and a polyolefin resin. For example, 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the polymer (b) and 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the compatibilizer (c) are included with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biodegradable polymer (a).
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、改善された物性値を有する生分解性プラスチック材料、及びその生分解性プラスチック材料を用いた成形体に関する。 The present invention relates to a biodegradable plastic material having improved physical properties and a molded body using the biodegradable plastic material.
近年、地球環境保護、従来の石油資源由来のプラスチックの廃棄物処理問題などの観点から、自然環境において分解する生分解性樹脂及び生分解性樹脂成形体の開発が行われている。「地球温暖化対策技術開発に関する調査・生分解性プラスチックの普及に関する調査研究」,平成14年3月,新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構,の「第3章 生分解性プラスチックの普及のための課題」には、生分解性プラスチックの物性の改善が必要であること、生分解速度の制御が必要であること、等が述べられている。 In recent years, biodegradable resins and biodegradable resin moldings that are decomposed in the natural environment have been developed from the viewpoints of global environment protection and conventional waste disposal problems of plastics derived from petroleum resources. “Survey on Global Warming Countermeasure Technology Development / Research Study on Popularization of Biodegradable Plastics”, March 2002, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, “Chapter 3 For Popularization of Biodegradable Plastics” The “Problem” states that it is necessary to improve the physical properties of the biodegradable plastic, and that it is necessary to control the biodegradation rate.
例えば、特開平2−117号公報には、ポリ−D,L−ラクチド担体物質中に、酢酸エステル等の可塑剤を含有させることが開示されている。 For example, JP-A-2-117 discloses that a poly-D, L-lactide carrier material contains a plasticizer such as acetate.
特開平4−335060号公報には、ポリ乳酸、又は乳酸とヒドロキシカルボン酸のコポリマー、ポリ乳酸とヒドロキシカルボン酸のポリマーの混合物を主成分とし、可塑剤を含む熱可塑性分解性ポリマー組成物が開示されている。可塑剤としては、フタル酸エステル、脂肪族二塩基酸エステル、リン酸エステル等が挙げられている。 JP-A-4-335060 discloses a thermoplastic decomposable polymer composition comprising, as a main component, polylactic acid, a copolymer of lactic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a mixture of polylactic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer, and a plasticizer. Has been. Examples of the plasticizer include phthalic acid esters, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, and phosphoric acid esters.
特開平8−199052号公報には、ポリ乳酸と、ポリアルキレンエーテルとが共重合された共重合ポリ乳酸の中に、ポリアルキレンエーテルを主成分とする可塑剤が混合されている可塑化されたポリ乳酸組成物が開示されている。 In JP-A-8-199052, a plasticized material in which a polyalkylene ether as a main component is mixed in a copolymerized polylactic acid obtained by copolymerizing polylactic acid and a polyalkylene ether. A polylactic acid composition is disclosed.
特開平8−283557号公報には、乳酸を主成分とする重合体の中に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸及び鎖状分子ジオールを主成分とする脂肪族ポリエステルからなる可塑剤が混合されている可塑化されたポリ乳酸組成物が開示されている。 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-283557 discloses plasticization in which a polymer containing lactic acid as a main component is mixed with a plasticizer comprising an aliphatic polyester mainly containing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a chain molecular diol. An improved polylactic acid composition is disclosed.
本発明者らは、生分解性ポリマーに生分解性ポリマー以外のポリマーと相溶化剤(Compatibilizer)とを配合することによって、生分解性ポリマーの物性値、特に弾性率、耐加水分解性及び耐熱性を向上することができることを見いだした。 The present inventors have blended a biodegradable polymer with a polymer other than the biodegradable polymer and a compatibilizer, so that the physical property values of the biodegradable polymer, particularly the elastic modulus, hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance, can be obtained. I found that I could improve my sex.
本発明の目的は、改善された物性値を有する生分解性プラスチック材料、及びその生分解性プラスチック材料を用いた成形体を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable plastic material having improved physical properties and a molded body using the biodegradable plastic material.
本発明には、以下の発明が含まれる。
(1) 生分解性ポリマー(a)と、前記ポリマー(a)以外のポリマー(b)と、アイオノマー樹脂、オキサゾリン系相溶化剤、エラストマー系相溶化剤、反応性相溶化剤、及び共重合体系相溶化剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の相溶化剤(c)とを含む、生分解性プラスチック材料。
The present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) Biodegradable polymer (a), polymer (b) other than polymer (a), ionomer resin, oxazoline-based compatibilizer, elastomer-based compatibilizer, reactive compatibilizer, and copolymer system A biodegradable plastic material comprising at least one compatibilizer (c) selected from the group consisting of compatibilizers.
(2) 前記ポリマー(b)は、ポリエステル系樹脂、ナイロン系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、及びポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる群から選ばれる、(1) に記載の生分解性プラスチック材料。 (2) The biodegradable plastic material according to (1), wherein the polymer (b) is selected from the group consisting of polyester resins, nylon resins, styrene resins, and polyolefin resins.
(3) 生分解性ポリマー(a)100重量部に対して、前記ポリマー(b)0.1〜100重量部を含む、(1) 又は(2) に記載の生分解性プラスチック材料。 (3) The biodegradable plastic material according to (1) or (2), comprising 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the polymer (b) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biodegradable polymer (a).
(4) 生分解性ポリマー(a)100重量部に対して、前記相溶化剤(c)0.1〜100重量部を含む、(1) 〜(3) のうちのいずれかに記載の生分解性プラスチック材料。 (4) The biodegradable polymer (a) according to any one of (1) to (3), comprising 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the compatibilizer (c) with respect to 100 parts by weight. Degradable plastic material.
(5) (1) 〜(4) のうちのいずれかに記載の生分解性プラスチック材料から構成されたプラスチック成形体。 (5) A plastic molded body composed of the biodegradable plastic material according to any one of (1) to (4).
本発明によれば、生分解性ポリマー(a)に、前記ポリマー(a)以外のポリマー(b)と相溶化剤(c)を配合することによって、生分解性プラスチック材料の物性値、特に弾性率、耐加水分解性及び耐熱性を向上させることができる。 According to the present invention, by blending the biodegradable polymer (a) with the polymer (b) other than the polymer (a) and the compatibilizer (c), the physical property value of the biodegradable plastic material, particularly the elasticity. Rate, hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance can be improved.
本発明において、生分解性ポリマー(a)としては、特に限定されることなく公知の種々の脂肪族ポリエステル系生分解性樹脂が挙げられる。脂肪族ポリエステル系生分解性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLLA)等のポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸); ポリ−β−ヒドロキシ酪酸(PHB)等のポリ(β−ヒドロキシアルカノエート); ポリ−ε−カプロラクトン(PCL)等のポリ(ω−ヒドロキシアルカノエート); ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリエチレンサクシネート(PES)等のポリアルキレンアルカノエート等が挙げられる。これらの樹脂は、単独重合体であってもよく、共重合可能な成分との共重合体であってもよい。これらの樹脂は、公知の方法により合成することができる。なお、これらの樹脂の重量平均分子量は、例えば少なくとも5万、好ましくは少なくとも7万、さらに好ましくは10万〜30万である。 In the present invention, the biodegradable polymer (a) is not particularly limited and includes various known aliphatic polyester biodegradable resins. Examples of the aliphatic polyester-based biodegradable resin include poly (α-hydroxy acids) such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLLA); and poly (β-hydroxy) such as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB). Hydroxy (alkanoates); poly (ω-hydroxyalkanoates) such as poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL); polyalkylene alkanoates such as polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polyethylene succinate (PES). These resins may be homopolymers or copolymers with copolymerizable components. These resins can be synthesized by a known method. The weight average molecular weight of these resins is, for example, at least 50,000, preferably at least 70,000, and more preferably 100,000 to 300,000.
前記ポリマー(a)以外のポリマー(b)としては、特に限定されることなく公知の種々のポリマーを用いることができる。代表的なものを例示すれば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレートの共重合体、ポリブチレンテレフタレートの共重合体、ポリエチレンナフタレートの共重合体等のポリエステル系樹脂; ナイロン系樹脂; スチレン系樹脂; ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂が挙げられる。ポリエチレンには、極低密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレンが含まれる。 The polymer (b) other than the polymer (a) is not particularly limited, and various known polymers can be used. Typical examples include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate, a copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate, and a copolymer of polyethylene naphthalate. Polyester resins such as coalescence; nylon resins; styrene resins; polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene includes very low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene.
ポリマー(b)の含有により、生分解性ポリマー(a)の脆さ等の実用上の問題が改善される。特にポリオレフィン系樹脂を含有させると、疎水的効果が得られ、生分解性ポリマー(a)の耐加水分解を向上させることができる。
By including the polymer (b), practical problems such as brittleness of the biodegradable polymer (a) are improved. In particular, when a polyolefin resin is contained, a hydrophobic effect can be obtained, and the hydrolysis resistance of the biodegradable polymer (a) can be improved.
相溶化剤(c)としては、アイオノマー樹脂(A)、オキサゾリン系相溶化剤(B)、エラストマー系相溶化剤(C)、反応性相溶化剤(D)、及び共重合体系相溶化剤(E)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の相溶化剤を用いることができる。相溶化剤(c)は、前記ポリマー(a)及びポリマー(b)以外のものである。 Examples of the compatibilizer (c) include an ionomer resin (A), an oxazoline-based compatibilizer (B), an elastomer-based compatibilizer (C), a reactive compatibilizer (D), and a copolymer-based compatibilizer ( At least one compatibilizing agent selected from the group consisting of E) can be used. The compatibilizing agent (c) is other than the polymer (a) and the polymer (b).
相溶化剤(c)の含有により、生分解性ポリマー(a)とポリマー(b)との相溶性が向上し、ポリマー(b)の作用がより効果的になる。 By containing the compatibilizing agent (c), the compatibility between the biodegradable polymer (a) and the polymer (b) is improved, and the action of the polymer (b) becomes more effective.
アイオノマー樹脂(A)としては、種々のタイプのものが含まれる。典型的なアイオノマーは、(i)ホスト高分子の主鎖に部分的に側鎖イオン基が存在するものである(側鎖型)。別のタイプのアイオノマーは、(ii)両末端に例えばカルボン酸基が存在するホスト高分子あるいはオリゴマーに金属イオンが中和することより高分子化したものである(テレケリック型)。また別のタイプのアイオノマーは、(iii) 主鎖に陽イオンを有し、そこに陰イオンが結合したものである(アイオネン)。 Various types of ionomer resins (A) are included. Typical ionomers are (i) those in which side chain ionic groups are partially present in the main chain of the host polymer (side chain type). Another type of ionomer is (ii) a polymer obtained by neutralizing a metal ion with a host polymer or oligomer having carboxylic acid groups at both ends (telechelic type). Another type of ionomer is (iii) having a cation in the main chain to which an anion is bound (ionene).
ホスト高分子のイオン基に対する対イオンとしては、Li+ 、Na+ 、K+ 等のアルカリ金属イオン、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+等のアルカリ土類金属イオン、Zn2+、Cu2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Co3+、Fe3+、Cr3+等の遷移金属イオンが用いられる。また、陽イオンホスト高分子に対しては、Cl- 、Br- 、I- 等の陰イオンが用いられる。 Counter ions for the ionic group of the host polymer include alkali metal ions such as Li + , Na + and K + , alkaline earth metal ions such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ , Zn Transition metal ions such as 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Co 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ are used. For the cation host polymer, anions such as Cl − , Br − and I − are used.
このようなアイオノマー樹脂としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、エチレン―アクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、プロピレン−メタクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、プロピレン−アクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、ブチレン−アクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、エチレン−ビニルスルホン酸共重合体アイオノマー、スチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、スルホン化ポリスチレンアイオノマー、フッ素系アイオノマー、テレケリックポリブタジエンアクリル酸アイオノマー、スルホン化エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体アイオノマー、水素化ポリペンタマーアイオノマー、ポリペンタマーアイオノマー、ポリ(ビニルピリジウム塩)アイオノマー、ポリ(ビニルトリメチルアンモニウム塩)アイオノマー、ポリ(ビニルベンジルホスホニウム塩)アイオノマー、スチレン−ブタジエンアクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、ポリウレタンアイオノマー、スルホン化スチレン−2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンサルフェイトアイオノマー、酸−アミンアイオノマー、脂肪族系アイオネン、芳香族系アイオネン等が挙げられる。 Such an ionomer resin is not particularly limited. For example, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer ionomer, propylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer, propylene-acrylic acid copolymer ionomer. , Butylene-acrylic acid copolymer ionomer, ethylene-vinylsulfonic acid copolymer ionomer, styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer, sulfonated polystyrene ionomer, fluorine ionomer, telechelic polybutadiene acrylic acid ionomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene -Diene copolymer ionomer, hydrogenated polypentamer ionomer, polypentamer ionomer, poly (vinylpyridium salt) ionomer, poly (vinyltrimethyl) Ammonium salt) ionomer, poly (vinylbenzylphosphonium salt) ionomer, styrene-butadiene acrylic acid copolymer ionomer, polyurethane ionomer, sulfonated styrene-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfate ionomer, acid-amine ionomer, aliphatic System ionene, aromatic ionene and the like.
これらアイオノマー樹脂のうち、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体アイオノマー、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体アイオノマーが好ましく用いられる。エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体アイオノマーとして、より具体的には、ハイミラン1554、ハイミラン1555、ハイミラン1557、ハイミラン1601、ハイミラン1605、ハイミラン1650、ハイミラン1652、ハイミラン1652 SR 、ハイミラン1652 SB 、ハイミラン1702、ハイミラン1705、ハイミラン1706、ハイミラン1707、ハイミラン1855、ハイミラン1856(以上、三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社製)が挙げられる。 Of these ionomer resins, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomers and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer ionomers are preferably used. More specifically, as an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer, High Milan 1554, High Milan 1555, High Milan 1557, High Milan 1601, High Milan 1605, High Milan 1650, High Milan 1652, High Milan 1652 SR, High Milan 1652 SB, High Milan 1702, High Milan 1705 HIMILAN 1706, HIMILAN 1707, HIMILAN 1855, and HIMILAN 1856 (Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd.).
これらアイオノマー樹脂のうちの1種のみを用いてもよく、必要に応じて2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 Only one of these ionomer resins may be used, or two or more may be mixed and used as necessary.
オキサゾリン系相溶化剤(B)としては、例えば、次のB1〜B3の各タイプが挙げられる。
B1タイプとして、ビスオキサゾリン/スチレン/無水マレイン酸共重合体(OXZ;三国製薬製)等が挙げられる。
B2タイプとして、ビスオキサゾリン/無水マレイン酸変性ポリエチレン〔OXZ(三国製薬製)/ユーメックス2000(三洋化成製)〕等が挙げられる。
B3タイプとして、ビスオキサゾリン/無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン〔OXZ(三国製薬製)/ユーメックス1010(三洋化成製)〕等が挙げられる。
Examples of the oxazoline-based compatibilizer (B) include the following types B1 to B3.
Examples of the B1 type include bisoxazoline / styrene / maleic anhydride copolymer (OXZ; manufactured by Mikuni Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
Examples of the B2 type include bisoxazoline / maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene [OXZ (manufactured by Mikuni Pharmaceutical) / Yumex 2000 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical)].
Examples of the B3 type include bisoxazoline / maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene [OXZ (manufactured by Mikuni Pharmaceutical) / Yumex 1010 (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei)].
これらオキサゾリン系相溶化剤のうちの1種のみを用いてもよく、必要に応じて2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 Only one of these oxazoline-based compatibilizers may be used, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used as necessary.
エラストマー系相溶化剤(C)としては、例えば、次のC1〜C4の各タイプが挙げられる。
C1タイプとして、スチレンエチレンブタジエン共重合体(SEB;旭化成工業製、タフテック)等が挙げられる。
C2タイプとして、スチレンエチレンブタジエンスチレン共重合体(SEBS;旭化成工業製)等が挙げられる。
C3タイプとして、水添スチレンイソプロピレンスチレン共重合体(H−SIS)等が挙げられる。
C4タイプとして、芳香族系樹脂、石油樹脂(新日本石油製のネオポリマー)等が挙げられる。
Examples of the elastomer compatibilizer (C) include the following types of C1 to C4.
Examples of the C1 type include styrene ethylene butadiene copolymer (SEB; manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tuftec).
Examples of the C2 type include styrene ethylene butadiene styrene copolymer (SEBS; manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo).
Examples of the C3 type include hydrogenated styrene isopropylene styrene copolymer (H-SIS).
Examples of the C4 type include aromatic resins, petroleum resins (Neopolymer manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation), and the like.
これらエラストマー系相溶化剤のうちの1種のみを用いてもよく、必要に応じて2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 Only one of these elastomer-based compatibilizers may be used, or two or more may be mixed and used as necessary.
反応性相溶化剤(D)は、二重結合、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基などを有する化合物(低分子化合物又はポリマー)であって、成形加工工程で相溶化させようとするポリマーの一方または両方と反応してグラフトまたはブロック構造に基づく界面活性剤的な働きをして相溶化剤として機能するものである(参考文献:「ポリマーアロイ」基礎と応用、高分子学会編、1993年発行)。反応性相溶化剤(D)としては、例えば、次のD1〜D6の各タイプが挙げられる。 The reactive compatibilizer (D) is a compound (low molecular compound or polymer) having a double bond, a carboxyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, etc., and one of the polymers to be compatibilized in the molding process. Or it reacts with both to act as a compatibilizer by acting as a surfactant based on the graft or block structure (Reference: “Polymer Alloy” Fundamentals and Applications, edited by the Society of Polymer Science, published in 1993) ). Examples of the reactive compatibilizing agent (D) include the following types D1 to D6.
D1タイプ:
エチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体(E−GMA;共重合重量組成、例えばE/GMA=100/6〜12)、エチレングリシジルメタクリレート−ビニルアルコール共重合体(E−GMA−VA;共重合重量組成、例えばE/GMA/VA=100/3〜12/8〜5)、エチレングリシジルメタクリレート−メタクリレート共重合体(E−GMA−MA;共重合重量組成、例えばE/GMA/MA=100/3〜6/30)等が挙げられる。具体的には、住友化学製、ボンドファーストE、ボンドファースト2C;日本ポリオレフィン製、レクスパールRA、レクスパールET、レクスパールRCが挙げられる。
D1 type:
Ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (E-GMA; copolymer weight composition such as E / GMA = 100/6 to 12), ethylene glycidyl methacrylate-vinyl alcohol copolymer (E-GMA-VA; copolymer weight composition such as E / GMA / VA = 100/3 to 12/8 to 5), ethylene glycidyl methacrylate-methacrylate copolymer (E-GMA-MA; copolymer weight composition, for example, E / GMA / MA = 100/3 to 6 / 30). Specific examples include Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Bond First E, Bond First 2C; Nippon Polyolefin Co., Ltd., Lex Pearl RA, Lex Pearl ET, and Lex Pearl RC.
D2タイプ:
エチレン無水マレイン酸エチルアクリレート共重合体(E−MAH−EA;住友化学製、ボンダイン)等が挙げられる。
D2 type:
And ethylene maleic anhydride ethyl acrylate copolymer (E-MAH-EA; manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).
D3タイプ:
エチレングリシジルメタクリレート−アクリロニトリルスチレン(EGMA−AS;共重合重量組成、例えばEGMA/AS=70/30)、エチレングリシジルメタクリレート−ポリスチレン(EGMA−PS;共重合重量組成、例えばEGMA/PS=70/30)、エチレングリシジルメタクリレート−ポリメチルメタクリレート(EGMA−PMMA、例えばEGMA/PMMA=70/30)等が挙げられる。具体的には、日本油脂製、モディパーが挙げられる。
D3 type:
Ethylene glycidyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile styrene (EGMA-AS; copolymer weight composition, eg EGMA / AS = 70/30), ethylene glycidyl methacrylate-polystyrene (EGMA-PS; copolymer weight composition, eg EGMA / PS = 70/30) And ethylene glycidyl methacrylate-polymethyl methacrylate (EGMA-PMMA, for example, EGMA / PMMA = 70/30). Specifically, the product made from Japanese fats and oils and a modiper are mentioned.
D4タイプ:
酸変性型ポリエチレンワックス(APEW;三井化学製、ハイワックス)等が挙げられる。
D4 type:
Examples include acid-modified polyethylene wax (APEW; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, high wax).
D5タイプ:
COOH化ポリエチレングラフトポリマー、COOH化ポリプロピレングラフトポリマー等が挙げられる。
D5 type:
COOH-ized polyethylene graft polymer, COOH-ized polypropylene graft polymer and the like can be mentioned.
D6タイプ:
イソシアネート基を5〜30重量%含むポリイソシアネート。具体的には、デグサ(degussa) 社製、 VESTANAT T1890)が挙げられる。
D6 type:
Polyisocyanate containing 5 to 30% by weight of isocyanate groups. Specific examples include VESTANAT T1890 (Degussa).
これら反応性相溶化剤のうちの1種のみを用いてもよく、必要に応じて2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 Only one of these reactive compatibilizers may be used, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used as necessary.
共重合体系相溶化剤(E)としては、例えば、ポリエチレン−ポリアミドグラフト共重合体(PE−PA GP)、ポリプロピレン−ポリアミドグラフト共重合体(PP−PA GP)等が挙げられる。また、アルコキシ基、アミノ基、メルカプト基、ビニル基、エポキシ基、アセタール基、マレイン酸基、オキサゾリン基及びカルボン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を含み、メルトフローレートが1以上の低粘度の共重合体ポリマーが挙げられ、具体的には、メチルメタクリレート−ブタジエン−スチレン樹脂、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム、EVA・PVC・グラフト共重合体、酢酸ビニル−エチレン共重合体樹脂、エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン−α−オレフィン共重合体、水添スチレン−イソプロピレン−ブロック共重合体等が挙げられる。具体的には、三井・デュポンポリケミカル製、エルバロイが例示される。 Examples of the copolymer-based compatibilizer (E) include polyethylene-polyamide graft copolymer (PE-PA GP) and polypropylene-polyamide graft copolymer (PP-PA GP). Further, it contains at least one group selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups, amino groups, mercapto groups, vinyl groups, epoxy groups, acetal groups, maleic acid groups, oxazoline groups and carboxylic acid groups, and has a melt flow rate of 1 or more Specifically, a low-viscosity copolymer polymer such as methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, EVA / PVC / graft copolymer, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer resin, ethylene- Examples include α-olefin copolymers, propylene-α-olefin copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isopropylene-block copolymers, and the like. Specific examples include Elvalloy manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical.
これら共重合体系相溶化剤のうちの1種のみを用いてもよく、必要に応じて2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 Only one of these copolymer-based compatibilizers may be used, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used as necessary.
本発明において、生分解性ポリマー(a)100重量部に対して、前記ポリマー(b)を好ましくは0.1〜100重量部、より好ましくは5〜50重量部配合する。ポリマー(b)を複数種用いる場合には、それらの合計量が前記範囲となるようにするとよい。ポリマー(b)の配合量が0.1重量部未満であると、ポリマー(b)による改善効果が得られにくい。一方、ポリマー(b)が100重量部を超えると、得られる生分解性プラスチック材料としての生分解性が低下する。生分解性プラスチック材料の用途を考慮して、相溶化剤の使用量を適宜決めるとよい。 In the present invention, the polymer (b) is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biodegradable polymer (a). In the case where a plurality of types of polymers (b) are used, the total amount thereof is preferably in the above range. When the blending amount of the polymer (b) is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the improvement effect by the polymer (b) is difficult to be obtained. On the other hand, when the polymer (b) exceeds 100 parts by weight, the biodegradability of the resulting biodegradable plastic material is lowered. In consideration of the use of the biodegradable plastic material, the amount of the compatibilizer used may be appropriately determined.
本発明において、生分解性ポリマー(a)100重量部に対して、前記相溶化剤(c)を好ましくは0.1〜100重量部、より好ましくは1〜20重量部配合する。相溶化剤を複数種用いる場合には、それらの合計量が前記範囲となるようにするとよい。相溶化剤の配合量が0.1重量部未満であると、生分解性ポリマー(a)とポリマー(b)との相溶化効果が得られにくく、ポリマー(b)による改善効果が発現されにくい。一方、相溶化剤が100重量部を超えると、相溶化効果は飽和し、得られる生分解性プラスチック材料としての生分解性が低下する。生分解性プラスチック材料の用途を考慮して、相溶化剤の使用量を適宜決めるとよい。 In the present invention, the compatibilizer (c) is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biodegradable polymer (a). In the case where a plurality of compatibilizers are used, the total amount thereof should be within the above range. When the compounding amount of the compatibilizer is less than 0.1 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain a compatibilizing effect between the biodegradable polymer (a) and the polymer (b), and an improvement effect due to the polymer (b) is hardly exhibited. . On the other hand, when the amount of the compatibilizer exceeds 100 parts by weight, the compatibilizing effect is saturated and the biodegradability of the resulting biodegradable plastic material is lowered. In consideration of the use of the biodegradable plastic material, the amount of the compatibilizer used may be appropriately determined.
本発明の生分解性プラスチック材料の耐加水分解性向上は、例えば、生分解性プラスチック材料から構成された試験片をアルカリ水溶液中に浸漬し、浸漬の前後における試験片の重量変化を測定することによって定量的に評価することができる。本発明の生分解性プラスチック材料では、対応する生分解性ポリマー(a)単独から構成された試験片に比べ、20%以上の耐加水分解性向上効果を得ることができる。生分解性ポリマー(a)に対するポリマー(b)及び相溶化剤(c)の組合せは適宜選択される。組合せの例は、実施例に示されている。例えば、実施例3と比較例5の結果から、ポリマー(a)としてポリ−ε−カプロラクトンを用い、ポリマー(b)として比較的親水的なホリエステルを含有させた場合においても、耐加水分解性が50%改善される。 The hydrolysis resistance of the biodegradable plastic material of the present invention is improved by, for example, immersing a test piece composed of the biodegradable plastic material in an alkaline aqueous solution and measuring the weight change of the test piece before and after the immersion. Can be quantitatively evaluated. In the biodegradable plastic material of the present invention, a hydrolysis resistance improvement effect of 20% or more can be obtained as compared with a test piece composed of the corresponding biodegradable polymer (a) alone. The combination of the polymer (b) and the compatibilizer (c) with respect to the biodegradable polymer (a) is appropriately selected. Examples of combinations are given in the examples. For example, from the results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 5, even when poly-ε-caprolactone is used as the polymer (a) and a relatively hydrophilic polyester is contained as the polymer (b), the hydrolysis resistance Is improved by 50%.
本発明において、生分解性プラスチック材料には、さらに他の添加剤、例えば、有機又は無機フィラー、難燃剤、アンチブロッキング剤、結晶化促進剤、ガス吸着剤、老化防止剤(エステル、アミド等)、酸化防止剤、オゾン劣化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、粘着付与剤、可塑剤(ステアリン酸、オレイン酸等の脂肪酸又はそれらの金属塩等)、軟化剤(鉱物油、ワックス、パラフィン類等)、安定剤、滑剤、離型剤、帯電防止剤、変性剤、着色剤、カップリング剤、防腐剤、防カビ剤等の添加剤を適宜配合してもよい。 In the present invention, the biodegradable plastic material further includes other additives such as organic or inorganic fillers, flame retardants, antiblocking agents, crystallization accelerators, gas adsorbents, anti-aging agents (esters, amides, etc.). , Antioxidants, ozone degradation inhibitors, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, tackifiers, plasticizers (fatty acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid or their metal salts), softeners (mineral oil, wax, paraffin) Etc.), stabilizers, lubricants, mold release agents, antistatic agents, modifiers, colorants, coupling agents, preservatives, antifungal agents and the like may be appropriately blended.
配合方法は、特に限定されることなく、通常の溶融混練方法により行うことができる。例えば、生分解性ポリマー(a)、前記ポリマー(b)、前記相溶化剤(c)、及びその他の任意成分を、ロールニーダー、バンバリーミキサー、インターミックス、1軸押出機、2軸押出機などの混練機で混練すると良い。混練は、前記混練機のうちから選ばれる1種の混練機を用いて行ってもよく、又は2種以上の混練機を用いて行ってもよい。 The blending method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by an ordinary melt kneading method. For example, a biodegradable polymer (a), the polymer (b), the compatibilizer (c), and other optional components may be mixed into a roll kneader, a Banbury mixer, an intermix, a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, etc. The kneading machine may be used for kneading. Kneading may be performed using one kind of kneader selected from the kneaders, or may be performed using two or more kinds of kneaders.
生分解性ポリマー(a)、前記ポリマー(b)及び前記相溶化剤(c)を含む生分解性プラスチック材料を常法により成形して各種成形品とする。また、前記生分解性プラスチック材料にさらに必要に応じて添加剤を加えて、被覆材料、コーティング材料又は接着材料とすることも可能である。 A biodegradable plastic material containing the biodegradable polymer (a), the polymer (b) and the compatibilizer (c) is molded by a conventional method to obtain various molded articles. Moreover, it is also possible to add an additive to the biodegradable plastic material as necessary to form a coating material, a coating material, or an adhesive material.
前記生分解性プラスチック材料からの各種成形品は、常法の成形法により製造することができる。例えば、押出成形品、射出成形品、ブロー成形品、Tダイから押出成形されたシート或いはフィルム、インフレーションフィルム、溶融紡糸法によるマルチフィラメント、モノフィラメント、フラットヤーン、ステープルファイバー、スパンボンド不織布、フラッシュ紡糸不織布等の繊維状構造物、各種発泡成形品が得られる。 Various molded articles from the biodegradable plastic material can be produced by a conventional molding method. For example, extrusion molded products, injection molded products, blow molded products, sheets or films extruded from T dies, blown films, melt-spun multifilaments, monofilaments, flat yarns, staple fibers, spunbond nonwoven fabrics, flash spun nonwoven fabrics Etc., and various foamed molded articles can be obtained.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[実施例1]
ポリブチレンサクシネートPBS(ビオノーレ1001、昭和高分子製)90重量部、ポリエチレンテレフタレートPET(ダイヤナイトPA−500、三菱レイヨン製)10重量部、及びエチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)2重量部を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、240℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、約3mmの直径で水中に押し出し・固化し、次いで3mm長に切断し、樹脂チップを得た。この際の押出条件は以下の通りであった。
[Example 1]
90 parts by weight of polybutylene succinate PBS (Bionore 1001, manufactured by Showa Polymer), 10 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate PET (Dianite PA-500, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon), and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA (reactive phase) 2 parts by weight of a solubilizer, Bond First E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was melt-kneaded in a conventional manner at 240 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), and a diameter of about 3 mm. And solidified, and then cut into 3 mm lengths to obtain resin chips. The extrusion conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 180℃、混練部 240℃、ヘッド 180℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 180 ° C, Kneading part 240 ° C, Head 180 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
得られたチップをプレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、JIS K−7113に準拠した2号試験片を作製した。
<プレス成形条件>
180℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。
The obtained chip was press-molded (press-molding machine: manufactured by Kondo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.) to prepare No. 2 test piece based on JIS K-7113.
<Press molding conditions>
After pressing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 180 ° C., pressing was performed at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press.
[比較例1]
前記反応性相溶化剤を配合しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 1]
A No. 2 test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reactive compatibilizing agent was not blended.
[比較例2]
ポリブチレンサクシネートPBS(ビオノーレ1001、昭和高分子製)のみを用いて、実施例1と同様にしてプレス成形(ただしプレス温度:160℃)し、2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 2]
Using only polybutylene succinate PBS (Bionore 1001, manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.), press molding (press temperature: 160 ° C.) was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare No. 2 test piece.
[実施例2]
ポリブチレンサクシネートPBS(ビオノーレ1001、昭和高分子製)90重量部、ポリエチレンPE(118WJ、SABIC社製)10重量部、及びエチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)2重量部を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、220℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、約3mmの直径で水中に押し出し・固化し、次いで3mm長に切断し、樹脂チップを得た。この際の押出条件は以下の通りであった。
[Example 2]
90 parts by weight of polybutylene succinate PBS (Bionore 1001, manufactured by Showa High Polymer), 10 parts by weight of polyethylene PE (118 WJ, manufactured by SABIC), and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA (reactive compatibilizer, bond first) E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was melt-kneaded in a conventional manner at 220 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobell Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), and extruded into water at a diameter of about 3 mm. Solidified and then cut to 3 mm length to obtain a resin chip. The extrusion conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 180℃、混練部 220℃、ヘッド 180℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 180 ° C, Kneading part 220 ° C, Head 180 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
実施例1と同様にして、得られたチップをプレス成形(プレス温度:180℃)して、JIS K−7113に準拠した2号試験片を作製した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained chip was press-molded (press temperature: 180 ° C.) to prepare a No. 2 test piece based on JIS K-7113.
[比較例3]
前記反応性相溶化剤を配合しなかった以外は、実施例2と同様にして2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 3]
A No. 2 test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the reactive compatibilizer was not blended.
[実施例3]
ポリ−ε−カプロラクトンPCL(セルグリーンPH−7、ダイセル化学工業製)90重量部、ポリエチレンテレフタレートPET(ダイヤナイトPA−500、三菱レイヨン製)10重量部、及びエチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)2重量部を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、240℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、約3mmの直径で水中に押し出し・固化し、次いで3mm長に切断し、樹脂チップを得た。この際の押出条件は以下の通りであった。
[Example 3]
90 parts by weight of poly-ε-caprolactone PCL (Cell Green PH-7, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries), 10 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate PET (Dianite PA-500, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon), and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA 2 parts by weight (reactive compatibilizer, Bond First E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was melt-kneaded in a conventional manner at 240 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobell, KZW15-30MG), The resin chip was obtained by extruding into water with a diameter of about 3 mm and solidifying, then cutting into 3 mm length. The extrusion conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 180℃、混練部 240℃、ヘッド 180℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 180 ° C, Kneading part 240 ° C, Head 180 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
実施例1と同様にして、得られたチップをプレス成形(プレス温度:180℃)して、JIS K−7113に準拠した2号試験片を作製した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained chip was press-molded (press temperature: 180 ° C.) to prepare a No. 2 test piece based on JIS K-7113.
[比較例4]
前記反応性相溶化剤を配合しなかった以外は、実施例3と同様にして2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 4]
A No. 2 test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the reactive compatibilizing agent was not blended.
[比較例5]
ポリ−ε−カプロラクトンPCL(セルグリーンPH−7、ダイセル化学工業製)のみを用いて、実施例3と同様にしてプレス成形(ただしプレス温度:110℃)し、2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 5]
Using only poly-ε-caprolactone PCL (Cell Green PH-7, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries), press molding (press temperature: 110 ° C.) was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 to prepare No. 2 test piece.
[実施例4]
ポリ−ε−カプロラクトンPCL(セルグリーンPH−7、ダイセル化学工業製)90重量部、ポリエチレンPE(118WJ、SABIC社製)10重量部、及びエチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)2重量部を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、220℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、約3mmの直径で水中に押し出し・固化し、次いで3mm長に切断し、樹脂チップを得た。この際の押出条件は以下の通りであった。
[Example 4]
90 parts by weight of poly-ε-caprolactone PCL (Cell Green PH-7, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries), 10 parts by weight of polyethylene PE (118 WJ, manufactured by SABIC), and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA (reactive compatibilization) 2 parts by weight of the agent, Bond First E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was melt-kneaded by a conventional method at 220 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobell Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), and the diameter was about 3 mm. It was extruded and solidified in water, and then cut into 3 mm lengths to obtain resin chips. The extrusion conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 180℃、混練部 220℃、ヘッド 180℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 180 ° C, Kneading part 220 ° C, Head 180 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
実施例1と同様にして、得られたチップをプレス成形(プレス温度:180℃)して、JIS K−7113に準拠した2号試験片を作製した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained chip was press-molded (press temperature: 180 ° C.) to prepare a No. 2 test piece based on JIS K-7113.
[比較例6]
前記反応性相溶化剤を配合しなかった以外は、実施例4と同様にして2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 6]
A No. 2 test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the reactive compatibilizing agent was not blended.
[実施例5]
ポリ−L−乳酸PLLA(株式会社ビーエムジー製、ホモPLLA、重量平均分子量20.1万)90重量部、ポリエチレンPE(118WJ、SABIC社製)10重量部、及びエチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)2重量部を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、220℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、約3mmの直径で水中に押し出し・固化し、次いで3mm長に切断し、樹脂チップを得た。この際の押出条件は以下の通りであった。
[Example 5]
90 parts by weight of poly-L-lactic acid PLLA (manufactured by BM Co., Ltd., homo PLLA, weight average molecular weight 201,000), 10 parts by weight of polyethylene PE (118 WJ, manufactured by SABIC), and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E- 2 parts by weight of GMA (reactive compatibilizer, Bond First E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was melt kneaded in a conventional manner at 220 ° C. using a twin screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG). Then, it was extruded and solidified in water with a diameter of about 3 mm, and then cut into 3 mm lengths to obtain resin chips. The extrusion conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 180℃、混練部 220℃、ヘッド 180℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 180 ° C, Kneading part 220 ° C, Head 180 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
実施例1と同様にして、得られたチップをプレス成形(プレス温度:180℃)して、JIS K−7113に準拠した2号試験片を作製した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained chip was press-molded (press temperature: 180 ° C.) to prepare a No. 2 test piece based on JIS K-7113.
[比較例7]
前記反応性相溶化剤を配合しなかった以外は、実施例5と同様にして2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 7]
A No. 2 test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the reactive compatibilizing agent was not blended.
[比較例8]
ポリ−L−乳酸PLLA(株式会社ビーエムジー製、ホモPLLA、重量平均分子量20.1万)のみを用いて、実施例5と同様にしてプレス成形(プレス温度:180℃)し、2号試験片を作製した。
[Comparative Example 8]
Using only poly-L-lactic acid PLLA (manufactured by BM Co., Ltd., homo PLLA, weight average molecular weight 201,000), press-molding (press temperature: 180 ° C.) in the same manner as in Example 5 and No. 2 test A piece was made.
[生分解性プラスチック材料の評価]
(引張特性の測定)
得られた各2号試験片につき、JIS K−7113に準じて引張強度(MPa)、引張弾性率(MPa)及び引張伸び率(%)を測定した。チャック間距離:115mm、引張速度:50mm/分、測定雰囲気:温度23℃、相対湿度50%。
[Evaluation of biodegradable plastic materials]
(Measurement of tensile properties)
About each obtained No. 2 test piece, the tensile strength (MPa), the tensile elasticity modulus (MPa), and the tensile elongation rate (%) were measured according to JIS K-7113. Distance between chucks: 115 mm, tensile speed: 50 mm / min, measurement atmosphere: temperature 23 ° C., relative humidity 50%.
(耐加水分解性の測定)
得られた各2号試験片を95℃に維持された1重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中に30分間浸漬した。浸漬前の試験片重量(w1 )と浸漬後の試験片重量(w2 )とから、減量率(%)を求めた。なお、浸漬後の試験片重量(w2 )は、浸漬後の試験片を水洗し、乾燥した後に測定した。
減量率(%)=[(w2 −w1 )/w1 ]×100
(Measurement of hydrolysis resistance)
Each obtained No. 2 test piece was immersed in a 1 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintained at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes. The weight loss rate (%) was determined from the weight of the test piece before immersion (w 1 ) and the weight of the test piece after immersion (w 2 ). The test specimen weight after immersion (w 2) is washed with water test piece after immersion was measured after drying.
Weight loss rate (%) = [(w 2 −w 1 ) / w 1 ] × 100
(SEM観察)
2号試験片サンプルの破断面の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察を行った。観察は、日立計測器サービス株式会社製真空蒸着装置イオンスパッターにて20mAの電流で200秒間、白金蒸着後、日立製走査電子顕微鏡で加速電圧25kVの電圧で行った。
(SEM observation)
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the fracture surface of No. 2 test piece sample was performed. Observation was carried out at a voltage of accelerating voltage of 25 kV with a Hitachi scanning electron microscope after platinum deposition at a current of 20 mA for 200 seconds with a vacuum deposition apparatus ion sputtering manufactured by Hitachi Instrument Service Co., Ltd.
実施例2の材料では、PE(島相)がPBS(海相)中に粒径0.7μm以下で超微細分散されていることが観察された。これに対して、比較例3の材料では、相溶化剤が存在しないために、1〜2μmの粒径が観察された。 In the material of Example 2, it was observed that PE (island phase) was ultrafinely dispersed with a particle size of 0.7 μm or less in PBS (sea phase). On the other hand, in the material of Comparative Example 3, since a compatibilizer was not present, a particle size of 1 to 2 μm was observed.
実施例4の材料では、PE(島相)がPCL(海相)中に粒径0.1μm以下で超微細分散されていることが観察された。これに対して、比較例6の材料では、相溶化剤が存在しないために、0.5〜1μmの粒径が観察された。 In the material of Example 4, it was observed that PE (island phase) was ultrafinely dispersed with a particle size of 0.1 μm or less in PCL (sea phase). On the other hand, in the material of Comparative Example 6, since no compatibilizer was present, a particle size of 0.5 to 1 μm was observed.
また、表1のSEM粒径の欄には、SEM写真から判断される粒径の大きさを示す。本発明の生分解性プラスチック材料では、ミクロンオーダーでの超微細分散が達成されている。 In the column of SEM particle size in Table 1, the size of the particle size determined from the SEM photograph is shown. In the biodegradable plastic material of the present invention, ultrafine dispersion on the order of microns is achieved.
以上の測定結果を表1に示す。なお、表1において、相溶化剤1は、エチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMAを示す。 The above measurement results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the compatibilizer 1 is an ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA.
表1から、実施例1の試験片は比較例2の試験片に比べ、比較的親水的なPETを含有しているために耐加水分解性はやや劣ったが、弾性率が約18%向上した(比較例2の389MPaに対して、実施例1の459MPa)。実施例2の試験片は比較例2の試験片に比べ、耐加水分解性が約22%向上した(比較例2の−1.70に対して、実施例2の−1.32)。 From Table 1, although the test piece of Example 1 contained a relatively hydrophilic PET as compared with the test piece of Comparative Example 2, the hydrolysis resistance was slightly inferior, but the elastic modulus was improved by about 18%. (459 MPa in Example 1 versus 389 MPa in Comparative Example 2). The test piece of Example 2 was improved in hydrolysis resistance by about 22% compared to the test piece of Comparative Example 2 (−1.32 of Example 2 as compared to −1.70 of Comparative Example 2).
実施例3の試験片は比較例5の試験片に比べ、弾性率が約70%向上し(比較例5の246MPaに対して、実施例3の417MPa)、比較的親水的なPETを含有しているにも係わらず耐加水分解性も約52%向上した(比較例5の−0.52に対して、実施例3の−0.25)。実施例4の試験片は、比較例5の試験片に比べ、耐加水分解性が約94%も向上した(比較例5の−0.52に対して、実施例4の−0.03)。 The test piece of Example 3 has an elastic modulus improved by about 70% compared to the test piece of Comparative Example 5 (417 MPa of Example 3 as compared to 246 MPa of Comparative Example 5), and contains a relatively hydrophilic PET. In spite of this, the hydrolysis resistance was also improved by about 52% (-0.25 in Example 3 versus -0.52 in Comparative Example 5). The test piece of Example 4 improved the hydrolysis resistance by about 94% compared to the test piece of Comparative Example 5 (-0.03 of Example 4 compared to -0.52 of Comparative Example 5). .
実施例5の試験片は比較例8の試験片に比べ、耐加水分解性が約20%向上し(比較例8の−17.5に対して、実施例5の−14.1)、伸び率が約50%以上(比較例8の5.76に対して、実施例5の303)と著しく向上した。 Compared with the test piece of Comparative Example 8, the test piece of Example 5 improved hydrolysis resistance by about 20% (-14.1 of Comparative Example 8 to -14.1 of Example 5) and stretched. The rate was remarkably improved to about 50% or more (compared to 5.76 in Comparative Example 8 and 303 in Example 5).
以下の各実施例6〜22及び各比較例9〜17では、次に示す材料を用いた。
生分解性ポリマー(a):
ポリブチレンサクシネートPBS(昭和高分子製、ビオノーレ1001)
ポリ−L−乳酸PLLA(株式会社ビーエムジー製、ホモPLLA、粘度平均分子量30万〜60万)
In the following Examples 6 to 22 and Comparative Examples 9 to 17, the following materials were used.
Biodegradable polymer (a):
Polybutylene succinate PBS (manufactured by Showa Polymer, Bionore 1001)
Poly-L-lactic acid PLLA (manufactured by BM Co., Ltd., homo PLLA, viscosity average molecular weight 300,000 to 600,000)
ポリマー(a)以外のポリマー(b):
ポリスチレンPS(PSJ−ポリスチレン製、HF−77)
ポリエチレンテレフタレートPET(三菱レイヨン製、ダイヤナイトPA−500)
ポリカーボネートPC(日本イージープラスチックス製、レキサン101R)
ポリアミドN−66(宇部興産製、UBEナイロン 2020B)
Polymer (b) other than polymer (a):
Polystyrene PS (PSJ-polystyrene, HF-77)
Polyethylene terephthalate PET (Made by Mitsubishi Rayon, Dianite PA-500)
Polycarbonate PC (Nippon Easy Plastics, Lexan 101R)
Polyamide N-66 (Ube Industries, UBE nylon 2020B)
相溶化剤(c):
相溶化剤1:
エチレングリシジルメタクリレート共重合体E−GMA(反応性相溶化剤、ボンドファーストE、住友化学製)
相溶化剤2:
オキサゾリン系相溶化剤(日本触媒製、エポクロスRPS−1005)
Compatibilizer (c):
Compatibilizer 1:
Ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer E-GMA (Reactive compatibilizer, Bond First E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical)
Compatibilizer 2:
Oxazoline-based compatibilizer (Nippon Shokubai, Epocross RPS-1005)
相溶化剤3:
イソシアネート含有相溶化剤(デグサ社製、 VESTANAT T1890)
Compatibilizer 3:
Isocyanate-containing compatibilizer (Degussa VESTANAT T1890)
[実施例6〜7及び比較例9〜10]
表2に示す配合重量部とされた各材料を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、220℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、シート口金から押し出し、プレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、長さ65mm×幅5mm×厚さ0.5mmのシートサンプルをそれぞれ作製した。この際の押出条件、及びプレス成形条件は以下の通りであった。
[Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Examples 9 to 10]
Each material shown in Table 2 by weight is melt kneaded at 220 ° C. in a conventional manner using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), extruded from the sheet die, and pressed. Sheet samples of length 65 mm × width 5 mm × thickness 0.5 mm were prepared by molding (press molding machine: manufactured by Shindo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.). The extrusion conditions and press molding conditions at this time were as follows.
なお、比較例9の材料は上記比較例2の材料と同じである。 The material of Comparative Example 9 is the same as that of Comparative Example 2 above.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 200℃、混練部 220℃、ヘッド 220℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 200 ° C, kneading section 220 ° C, head 220 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
<プレス成形条件>
170℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。
<Press molding conditions>
After pressurizing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 170 ° C., it was pressurized at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press.
[実施例8〜12及び比較例11〜12]
表2に示す配合重量部とされた各材料を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、250℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、シート口金から押し出し、プレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、長さ65mm×幅5mm×厚さ0.5mmのシートサンプルをそれぞれ作製した。この際の押出条件、及びプレス成形条件は以下の通りであった。
[Examples 8 to 12 and Comparative Examples 11 to 12]
Each material shown in Table 2 is mixed and kneaded at 250 ° C. in a conventional manner using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), extruded from the sheet die, and pressed. Sheet samples of length 65 mm × width 5 mm × thickness 0.5 mm were prepared by molding (press molding machine: manufactured by Shindo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.). The extrusion conditions and press molding conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 230℃、混練部 250℃、ヘッド 250℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 230 ° C, Kneading section 250 ° C, Head 250 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
<プレス成形条件>
170℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。ただし、実施例9でのプレス温度は210℃であった。
<Press molding conditions>
After pressurizing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 170 ° C., it was pressurized at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press. However, the press temperature in Example 9 was 210 ° C.
[実施例13〜15及び比較例13〜14]
表3に示す配合重量部とされた各材料を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、220℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、シート口金から押し出し、プレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、長さ65mm×幅5mm×厚さ0.5mmのシートサンプルをそれぞれ作製した。この際の押出条件、及びプレス成形条件は以下の通りであった。
[Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Examples 13 to 14]
Each material shown in Table 3 as a blended weight part was melt-kneaded by a conventional method at 220 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), extruded from a sheet die, and pressed. Sheet samples of length 65 mm × width 5 mm × thickness 0.5 mm were prepared by molding (press molding machine: manufactured by Shindo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.). The extrusion conditions and press molding conditions at this time were as follows.
なお、比較例13の材料は上記比較例8の材料と同じである。 The material of Comparative Example 13 is the same as that of Comparative Example 8 above.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 200℃、混練部 220℃、ヘッド 220℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 200 ° C, kneading section 220 ° C, head 220 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
<プレス成形条件>
180℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。
<Press molding conditions>
After pressing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 180 ° C., pressing was performed at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press.
[実施例16〜20及び比較例15〜16]
表3に示す配合重量部とされた各材料を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、250℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、シート口金から押し出し、プレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、長さ65mm×幅5mm×厚さ0.5mmのシートサンプルをそれぞれ作製した。この際の押出条件、及びプレス成形条件は以下の通りであった。
[Examples 16 to 20 and Comparative Examples 15 to 16]
Each material having the blending weight parts shown in Table 3 is melt-kneaded by a conventional method at 250 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), extruded from a sheet die, and pressed. Sheet samples of length 65 mm × width 5 mm × thickness 0.5 mm were prepared by molding (press molding machine: manufactured by Shindo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.). The extrusion conditions and press molding conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 230℃、混練部 250℃、ヘッド 250℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 230 ° C, Kneading section 250 ° C, Head 250 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
<プレス成形条件>
180℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。
<Press molding conditions>
After pressing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 180 ° C., pressing was performed at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press.
[実施例21〜22及び比較例17]
表3に示す配合重量部とされた各材料を、2軸押出機(株式会社テクノベル製、KZW15−30MG)を用いて、260℃にて常法にて溶融混練し、シート口金から押し出し、プレス成形(プレス成形機:株式会社神藤金属工業所製)して、長さ65mm×幅5mm×厚さ0.5mmのシートサンプルをそれぞれ作製した。この際の押出条件、及びプレス成形条件は以下の通りであった。
[Examples 21 to 22 and Comparative Example 17]
Each material shown in Table 3 by weight is melt kneaded at 260 ° C. in a conventional manner using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd., KZW15-30MG), extruded from a sheet die, and pressed. Sheet samples of length 65 mm × width 5 mm × thickness 0.5 mm were prepared by molding (press molding machine: manufactured by Shindo Metal Industry Co., Ltd.). The extrusion conditions and press molding conditions at this time were as follows.
<押出条件>
温度設定:フィード 240℃、混練部 260℃、ヘッド 260℃
回転数:60rpm
<Extrusion conditions>
Temperature setting: Feed 240 ° C, Kneading part 260 ° C, Head 260 ° C
Rotation speed: 60rpm
<プレス成形条件>
180℃のプレス温度で、10MPaで1分間加圧した後に、20MPaで2分間加圧した。その後、冷却プレスにて3分間冷却した。
<Press molding conditions>
After pressing at 10 MPa for 1 minute at a press temperature of 180 ° C., pressing was performed at 20 MPa for 2 minutes. Then, it cooled for 3 minutes with the cooling press.
[生分解性プラスチック材料の評価]
(耐熱性の評価)
耐熱性の評価として、HS試験 (ヒートサグテスト:Heat Sag Test)をJIS K 7195「プラスチックのヒートサグ試験方法」を参照して次のように行った。
作製された各シートサンプルが水平状態となるようにシートサンプルの長さ方向の一端から5mmまでの部分を試験片保持具に固定し、その状態で130℃オーブン中に30分間入れた。その時の、シートサンプルの他端が水平状態からどれだけ垂れ下がっているか(ヒートサグ値)を測定した。このヒートサグ値(mm)が小さい程、耐熱性に優れている。
[Evaluation of biodegradable plastic materials]
(Evaluation of heat resistance)
As an evaluation of heat resistance, an HS test (Heat Sag Test) was performed as follows with reference to JIS K 7195 “Plastic Heat Sag Test Method”.
A portion from one end in the length direction of the sheet sample to 5 mm was fixed to the test piece holder so that each prepared sheet sample was in a horizontal state, and placed in a 130 ° C. oven for 30 minutes in that state. At that time, how much the other end of the sheet sample hangs down from the horizontal state (heat sag value) was measured. The smaller the heat sag value (mm), the better the heat resistance.
(SEM観察)
前記と同じ方法で、シートサンプルの破断面の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察を行った。表2及び表3のSEM粒径の欄には、SEM写真から判断される粒径の大きさを示す。界面不鮮明とは、明確な粒子形状が見られないほど、超微細分散されているような状態を表している。本発明の生分解性プラスチック材料では、ミクロンオーダーでの超微細分散が達成されている。
(SEM observation)
In the same manner as described above, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the fracture surface of the sheet sample was performed. In the column of SEM particle size in Table 2 and Table 3, the size of the particle size determined from the SEM photograph is shown. The interface blurring means a state in which the particles are so finely dispersed that a clear particle shape cannot be seen. In the biodegradable plastic material of the present invention, ultrafine dispersion on the order of microns is achieved.
以上の測定結果を表2及び表3に示す。 The above measurement results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
表2から、実施例6〜12のシートサンプルは比較例9のシートサンプルに比べ、耐熱性が非常に向上した。特に、生分解性ポリマー(a)としてPBSを用いた場合には、ポリマー(b)としてPET又はPCを用いると、耐熱性が約50%以上向上し、良好な結果が得られた。 From Table 2, the heat resistance of the sheet samples of Examples 6 to 12 was greatly improved as compared with the sheet sample of Comparative Example 9. In particular, when PBS was used as the biodegradable polymer (a), when PET or PC was used as the polymer (b), the heat resistance was improved by about 50% or more, and good results were obtained.
表3から、実施例13〜22のシートサンプルは比較例13のシートサンプルに比べ、耐熱性が非常に向上した。特に、生分解性ポリマー(a)としてPLLAを用いた場合には、ポリマー(b)としてポリスチレンを用い、相溶化剤として相溶化剤1又は2を用いると、耐熱性が約85%向上し、良好な結果が得られた。ポリマー(b)としてポリエチレンテレフタレートを用い、相溶化剤として相溶化剤2を用いると、耐熱性が約75%向上し、良好な結果が得られた。ポリマー(b)としてポリカーボネートを用い、相溶化剤として相溶化剤3を用いると、耐熱性が約86%向上し、良好な結果が得られた。ポリマー(b)としてポリアミドを用い、相溶化剤として相溶化剤2を用いると、耐熱性が約87%向上し、良好な結果が得られた。 From Table 3, the heat resistance of the sheet samples of Examples 13 to 22 was greatly improved as compared with the sheet sample of Comparative Example 13. In particular, when PLLA is used as the biodegradable polymer (a), when polystyrene is used as the polymer (b) and the compatibilizer 1 or 2 is used as the compatibilizer, the heat resistance is improved by about 85%, Good results were obtained. When polyethylene terephthalate was used as the polymer (b) and compatibilizer 2 was used as the compatibilizer, the heat resistance was improved by about 75%, and good results were obtained. When polycarbonate was used as the polymer (b) and compatibilizer 3 was used as the compatibilizer, the heat resistance was improved by about 86%, and good results were obtained. When polyamide was used as the polymer (b) and compatibilizer 2 was used as the compatibilizer, the heat resistance was improved by about 87%, and good results were obtained.
Claims (5)
The plastic molded object comprised from the biodegradable plastic material of any one of Claims 1-4.
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| JP2009221338A (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-10-01 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Resin composition, and molded article and film consisting of the resin composition |
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