JP2005095881A - Garbage disposal method and garbage disposal apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly reliable garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus capable of stably treating garbage even in a semi-batch operation.
SOLUTION: The generated garbage is assigned to one of a plurality of processing units for processing the garbage in the order of generation, and is thrown into the assigned processing unit. A garbage disposal method for decomposing garbage and a garbage disposal apparatus for carrying out this method. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus for decomposing and reducing garbage discarded from households, restaurants, hospitals, schools, food factories, etc., or creating compost fertilizer from garbage. .

  So-called food waste from homes and restaurants contains organic substances such as starch, proteins, fats and oils (cellulose) derived from cooking wastes and leftovers of various foods. Among the wastes that are separated as combustible waste, especially garbage is rich in moisture, and therefore the amount of energy required for incineration increases. Furthermore, the moisture of garbage reduces the combustion temperature. This decrease in combustion temperature may induce the generation of dioxins. In recent years, problems such as environmental pollution caused by dioxins generated from waste incineration facilities, a shortage of final landfill sites for incineration waste, and dioxin spillage from landfills have become apparent. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest in technology for reducing weight loss of garbage without incineration and for decomposing it using microorganisms (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).

A conventional garbage processing apparatus using microorganisms includes a fan for introducing air, a stirring blade, and a heating device for heating in a treatment tank into which the garbage is introduced. To this treatment tank are added microorganisms and wood chips that serve as a moisture control agent. Raw garbage is put into such a treatment tank and heated with stirring with microorganisms, wood chips and the like. At this time, garbage can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by decomposition and metabolism by microorganisms (see Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-185060 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-24436 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-323650 “Biological waste recycling and recycling technology”, NTS, February 2000, p. 158-159, p. 163

  However, there is a problem that the conventional garbage treatment with microorganisms is a semi-batch operation that is replenished every time garbage is generated.

  It takes about 4 days to 2 weeks for the organic components of the input garbage to be decomposed by microorganisms, depending on the amount of input garbage. Moreover, as the decomposition of garbage progresses, the microflora in the tank also changes.

  By the way, in the conventional garbage processing by microorganisms, new garbage is thrown in every day once or at most three times a day. In this case, only the components that are relatively easily decomposed among the components constituting the garbage are decomposed. On the other hand, relatively hardly decomposable components are accumulated in the treatment tank without being decomposed. Therefore, in the semi-batch operation as described above, the transition of bacteria does not occur efficiently, and the amount of residue tends to increase.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus capable of stably treating garbage even in a semi-batch operation.

The present invention relates to a method for treating garbage,
(1) Assigning generated garbage to one of a plurality of processing units for processing garbage in the order of generation, and throwing it into the assigned processing unit;
(2) The process which decomposes | disassembles the input raw garbage with microorganisms, stirring, and (3) The process of discharging | emitting at least one part of the decomposed raw garbage from the said process part is included.

  In step (1) of the above-mentioned garbage disposal method, it is preferable that the garbage is allocated to the processing section having the longest period from the previous disposal of the garbage among the plurality of processing sections.

  In step (1) of the above-described garbage processing method, it is preferable that the garbage is assigned to one of the plurality of processing units according to a predetermined order assigned to each of the plurality of processing units.

  In the above-mentioned garbage disposal method, it is further preferable that the step (1) includes a step of sterilizing the interior immediately before the garbage is put into the assigned processing section.

  In the above garbage disposal method, it is further preferable that the step (1) includes a step of sterilizing the garbage input to the assigned processing unit.

  In the above garbage disposal method, it is further preferable that the step (1) includes a step of drying and reducing the amount of garbage thrown into the assigned processing unit.

The present invention also relates to a garbage disposal apparatus for treating garbage,
(A) A plurality of processing units for decomposing the garbage, and (b) a stirring means for stirring the garbage.

  Preferably, the garbage processing apparatus includes a control unit that assigns generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in the order of generation.

  In the above-described garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that an input preventing means for preventing the input of garbage is provided in addition to the assigned processing unit to which the garbage is input.

  In the above garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that each of the plurality of processing units includes a garbage input port.

  The garbage processing apparatus further includes a pre-processing unit that receives the input garbage, and a transfer unit that distributes the garbage from the pre-processing unit to one of the plurality of processing units in an assigned order. It is preferable to do.

  It is preferable that the garbage processing apparatus further includes a weight measuring unit that measures the weight of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units.

  More preferably, the garbage processing apparatus further includes a control unit that assigns generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in order of increasing weight of the contents stored in each of the plurality of processing units. .

  It is preferable that the garbage processing apparatus further includes a volume measuring unit that measures the volume of the contents stored in each of the plurality of processing units.

  More preferably, the garbage processing apparatus further includes a control unit that assigns the generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in order of increasing volume of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units. .

  It is preferable that the garbage processing apparatus further includes moisture content measuring means for measuring the moisture content of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units.

  The garbage processing apparatus may further include a control unit that assigns generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in order of increasing moisture content of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units. preferable.

  In the above garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that the volumes of the plurality of processing units can be changed.

  In the above garbage processing apparatus, it is more preferable that the number of the plurality of processing units can be changed.

  More preferably, the garbage processing apparatus further includes a control unit that varies the volume of each of the plurality of processing units according to the volume of the contents of the plurality of processing units.

  The garbage processing apparatus may include a control unit that varies the volume of each of the plurality of processing units and / or the number of the plurality of processing units according to the volume of the contents of the plurality of processing units. Further preferred.

  In the above-described garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that a stirring unit is disposed inside each of the plurality of processing units.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, it is further preferable that the stirring means comprises a blade or a roll.

  In the above garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that the plurality of processing units are arranged inside the stirring means.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, it is preferable that the stirring means is a drum.

    It is preferable that the garbage processing apparatus further includes a sterilization unit for sterilizing the processing unit or the garbage input to the processing unit.

  In the above-mentioned garbage processing apparatus, the sterilization means is a heating means for heating and drying the treatment portion or the garbage put into the treatment portion, an autoclave, a means for irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm, A group consisting of high-frequency irradiation means, microwave irradiation means, ultrasonic irradiation means, ozone generation means by high-voltage discharge, and means for reducing the pH of the garbage thrown into the treatment section or the assigned treatment section to 6 or less Is preferably selected from.

  It is preferable that the garbage processing apparatus further includes a means for cutting the garbage when the sterilization means is a heating means for heating and drying the treatment part or the garbage put into the treatment part.

  The said garbage disposal apparatus is equipped with the drying means which makes the humidity of the said process part 60% or less further, when the said sterilization means is a means to irradiate the ultraviolet-ray of the wavelength of 2,000-3,000 mm. preferable.

  In the above garbage processing apparatus, it is preferable that the plurality of processing units include 3 to 6 processing units.

The present invention also provides
(A) a container having a cylindrical space;
(B) a stirrer that is rotatable in the space;
(C) a rotating machine that drives the stirrer, and (d) a ventilator that ventilates the space,
The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus. Here, the stirrer includes a rotating shaft and a plurality of plate-shaped stirring blades that are radially supported by the rotating shaft. The plurality of plate-like stirring blades divide the cylindrical space into a plurality of processing units each including a columnar space. In addition, the outer peripheral side of each stirring blade in the centrifugal direction is curved in the rotational direction, and each stirring blade has a striped protrusion extending from below to above from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side. Part.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, the number of the stirring blades is preferably 3 or more and 6 or less.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, it is preferable that the height of the convex portion is 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, it is preferable that a gap portion having a height of 10 mm or more is provided between the lower end portion of the stirring blade and the bottom surface of the container.

  In the above garbage disposal apparatus, the rotation speed of the stirring blade is preferably 0.5 rpm or more and 2 rpm or less.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly reliable garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus capable of stably treating garbage even in a semi-batch operation.

Embodiment 1
The garbage disposal method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a cylindrical drum 10 having a plurality of processing units therein. The method of the present invention is implemented using such a plurality of processing units.
In the garbage processing method of the present invention, the generated garbage is assigned to one of a plurality of processing units 11 for processing the garbage in the order in which the garbage is generated, and is put into the processing unit (step (1)), A step of decomposing the input garbage with microorganisms while stirring (step (2)), and a step of discharging at least part of the decomposed garbage from the processing unit (step (3)). Is included.

  In the processing method of the present invention, first, the generated garbage is not thrown into the same processing unit every time, but the processing unit is assigned to each occurrence of the garbage, thereby throwing the garbage into a different processing unit every time. (Step (1)).

  Here, the garbage is a waste mainly composed of organic matter and water. Garbage contains about 2-3% by weight of inorganic substances such as salt, which remain as ash without being decomposed.

In the step (1), it is preferable that the garbage is thrown into the processing unit having the longest period from the previous throwing-in of the plurality of processing units.
Moreover, a predetermined rank may be given to each of the plurality of processing units, and garbage may be assigned to one of the plurality of processing units and put in accordance with the rank.
The allocation of the garbage to the processing unit may be performed by the user or automatically.

  In addition, when a plurality of processing units are provided in the rotating drum, for example, each processing unit can be given a number along the drum rotation direction, and the garbage can be put in this number order. .

  Next, the input garbage is decomposed (ie, fermented and decomposed) by the microbial material in the assigned processing unit 11 (step (2)). This decomposition process is performed while stirring the microbial material and the garbage. Further, at this time, the treatment part is heated to, for example, 60 ° C. to evaporate the moisture so that the decomposition of the garbage by the microbial material is promoted and the inside of the treatment part is not excessive due to the input of the garbage. preferable.

  The decomposition of garbage by microorganisms is an oxidative decomposition of organic substances constituting the garbage, and mainly by this oxidative decomposition, carbon dioxide and water are generated. Most of the microorganisms responsible for this oxidative degradation are aerobic microorganisms, which are harmless microorganisms present in soil and the like.

  Microorganisms that decompose garbage in each treatment section include those that decompose sugars and sugars that are more easily decomposed among nutrients, those that use products produced by decomposition of garbage as nutrients, or those that are easily degradable. There are those that decompose the hardly decomposable components remaining after decomposition. These form a group (flora) in the processing unit, and the distribution (microflora) of the group changes due to changes in nutrients over time.

  If the input interval of garbage is short as in the prior art, the change in the group is disturbed, only the nutrients that are relatively easily decomposed are decomposed, and the microorganisms that decompose the hardly decomposed products cannot become priority species. Therefore, the hardly decomposable components are accumulated and the decomposition rate is not so high.

  On the other hand, in the garbage processing method of the present invention, the garbage is assigned to one of the plurality of processing units, and is individually decomposed in the processing unit. Furthermore, since there are a plurality of processing units, it is possible to make the period from the introduction of garbage to the next introduction relatively long. For this reason, the phase of the microorganism that decomposes or metabolizes the nutrients contained in the garbage is sequentially formed according to the ease of decomposition of the components contained in the garbage, and the change in this microorganism is not disturbed. . Therefore, unlike the prior art, relatively hardly decomposable components are not accumulated without being decomposed, and the garbage can be decomposed stably and efficiently.

  Microbial materials assimilate four nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fibers, at three or more different temperature ranges, eg, 20-40 ° C, 40-60 ° C, or 60 ° C or more. It is preferable to contain the microorganisms which do. This is because most organic wastes such as garbage and sludge are composed of the nutrients as described above, and when these are fermented, the temperature in the processing section changes. By using the microbial material as described above, even when the organic waste is fermented and the temperature in the processing section changes, the decomposition rate of the organic waste can be maintained high.

  In particular, the microbial material used in the present invention preferably contains a group of microorganisms that are active without being killed even at 60 ° C. This is because the temperature of the processing unit may rise to 60 ° C. or higher due to fermentation heat or external heating. On the other hand, when the temperature in the processing unit is maintained at 60 ° C., harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella that may be mixed can be sterilized. Therefore, if a microorganism that does not die at 60 ° C. or higher is used, not only the decomposability of organic waste but also the safety in the processing section can be improved.

  As microorganisms contained in the microbial material, general resident bacteria existing in the soil and the environment can be used. Examples of such resident bacteria include Cellulomonas folia, Chondrococcus exigous, Myxococcus virescens, M. et al. fulvus, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, T. et al. denitrificans, Enterobacter sp, Proteus sp. Bacteria such as Bacillus stearothermophilus, Micromonospora vulgaris, Nocardia brasiliensis, Psedonocardia thermophilia, Steptomy rectus, S. thermofuscus, S. et al. thermophilus, S. et al. thermoviolaceus, S. et al. thermovulgaris, S .; violaceruber, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Thermomonospora curvata, T. et al. fusca, T .; actinomycetes such as glaucus, Thermopolyspora polyspora, Fusarium culmorum, F. roseum, Stysanus steminitis, Coprinus cinereus, C.I. megacephalus, C.I. lagopus, Clitopilus pinsit, Aspergillus niger, A. et al. Examples include filamentous fungi such as terreus.

  Note that the assimilation of the above four nutrients is based on culturing each microorganism contained in the microorganism material in a standard agar medium or ordinary agar medium containing starch, casein, tributyrin, or carboxymethylcellulose, and increasing its growth ability. It can be confirmed by examining.

  In the present invention, the microbial material is preferably spore-formed. The formation of spores facilitates the preparation, transportation, storage, and garbage disposal of microbial materials, and enhances storage stability at different temperatures, humidity, and the like. Therefore, the garbage can be stably decomposed by using such a microbial material.

  It is preferable that the amount of the microbial material supplied into the processing unit is in the range of 1 to 30% by weight of the garbage to be processed.

  In addition, you may culture | cultivate and grow the natural microbe adhering to garbage in a process part, and use it for the decomposition process of garbage.

  Further, in addition to the garbage and the microbial material, it is preferable to introduce a buffer material that has a water absorption action and serves as a microorganism house in the treatment unit. Examples of such a cushioning material include wood chips, crushed pruned branches / cut grass, sawdust, and akatsuki. The buffer material is preferably introduced in an amount of about 20 to 20 times, and more preferably about 4 to 10 times the volume of garbage.

  In addition, it is possible to efficiently dispose of garbage by allocating garbage so that waste components that are relatively difficult to decompose do not remain in each processing section, and repeating steps (1) and (2). Become. As a result, it is possible to avoid the disadvantages of semi-batch operations in which further garbage is added to the garbage being decomposed and decomposed.

  Next, at least a part of the decomposed garbage is discharged from the processing unit 11 (step 3). At this time, all the decomposed garbage at one time may be discharged from the processing unit, or the garbage may be discharged from the processing unit in the order of decomposition.

  When all the contents of each processing section are discharged, it is necessary to input the microbial material and the buffer material again before inputting the garbage. However, by leaving a part of the contents, the addition of the microbial material and the buffer material can be omitted, or the addition amount can be reduced.

  As described above, according to the method of the present invention, each generated garbage can be decomposed, so that a relatively hardly decomposable component is accumulated without being decomposed as in the past. The problem can be reduced.

  Further, in the step (1), immediately before the garbage is put into the assigned processing unit, the inside thereof may be sterilized and the microbial material may be put therein (referred to as step (4)). Alternatively, the garbage in the assigned processing unit may be sterilized, and the microbial material may be put into the processing unit (referred to as step (4 ')).

  The amount of microorganisms other than the microorganisms contained in the microorganism material can be reduced by sterilizing the treatment part or the garbage in the treatment part. Thereby, the microorganism material which can decompose | disassemble the input garbage becomes a priority species in a process part, and a microflora is stabilized. Thus, when the microflora is stabilized, the decomposition reaction proceeds under almost the same conditions each time, and the garbage can be treated stably.

  In addition, when the microbial material is spore-forming, sugar can be added to the microbial material to accelerate germination and activation of the spore. Thereby, decomposition | disassembly by the microorganisms of the input garbage can be accelerated. For example, when the operation is suspended for a long time, saccharide is added together with the microbial material. Thereby, activation of microorganisms becomes quick and decomposition | disassembly of garbage can be started rapidly.

  Examples of the sterilization method in the above step (4) or step (4 ') include dry heat sterilization, high pressure steam sterilization, ultraviolet sterilization, high frequency sterilization, microwave sterilization, ultrasonic sterilization, and ozone sterilization.

  Further, the sterilization treatment can also be performed by adjusting the pH of the assigned processing unit or the garbage thrown into the processing unit to an acidity of 6 or less. This method is a very effective method because the microbial environment can be changed in a relatively short time by the introduction of a pH adjusting agent. Examples of the drug used in this method include acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid, or buffers containing such acids.

  As described above, after sterilization by acidifying the assigned processing unit or the garbage in the processing unit, neutralize the garbage by a method such as neutralization or make it weakly alkaline In addition, the processing unit or the garbage can be brought into a state where the microorganism can be treated again.

  Moreover, the said process (1) may further include the process of drying the garbage thrown into the assigned process part and reducing the weight. In this case, for example, by reducing the moisture content of the garbage, the weight can be reduced.

  Next, an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 2
1 and 2 show a garbage disposal apparatus (X) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The garbage processing apparatus includes a cylindrical drum 10 having a plurality of processing units 11 therein, an apparatus frame 20, an outer tub 21, and a motor 22. The cylindrical drum 10 is inside the outer tub 21, and the rotating shaft 25 of the cylindrical drum 11 passes through the rear wall 24 of the outer tub and is connected to the motor 22. The outer tub 21 is fixed in the apparatus frame 20 by a damper 26 and a spring 27. Each of the apparatus frame 20 and the outer tub 21 is provided with openings 28 and 29 serving as garbage input ports. The device frame 20 is provided with an openable / closable door 30 that covers the opening 28. Further, a balancer 31 for preventing variation in the rotation of the cylindrical drum containing garbage is disposed at the peripheral portion of the bottom surface 23 of the cylindrical drum 10. In the opening 29 of the outer tub 21, in addition to the processing unit to which the garbage is assigned, an input blocking means 32 for blocking the input of the garbage is provided.

  Microbial materials and buffer materials are put into each of the processing units 11. The cushioning material is made of a wood chip or the like which becomes a microorganism house and serves as a moisture regulator.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the inside of the cylindrical drum 10 is divided into six processing units 11 by a dividing plate 12 coupled to the inner surface of the drum outer wall 13. Usually, the time taken for the decomposition treatment of the input garbage is determined by the amount of input garbage, the type of microorganism, the temperature, and the like. It is preferable to determine the number of processing units according to these. For example, when it takes 4 days for the decomposition process of one garbage, and the input frequency of the garbage is once a day, the number of processing units is preferably four or more. In the present invention, the number of processing units is preferably 2 to 7, more preferably 3 to 6.

  Here, the cylindrical drum 10 can be used without any particular limitation as long as it can have a plurality of processing units therein. In this case, each of the plurality of processing units may have a garbage input port for inputting garbage.

Next, the insertion preventing means 32 will be described. FIG. 3 shows a top view of the charging prevention means 32 of FIG.
In the present embodiment, the charging prevention means 32 is made of a plate-like material, and a part of the plate-like material has a cutout portion having the same shape as the cross section of each processing portion. The cutout portion becomes the input portion 33. The input blocking means 32 is provided in the opening 29 of the outer tub 21, for example. When throwing in the garbage, the processing units assigned in order by rotation are controlled so as to be positioned in the loading unit 33 of the loading preventing means 32 every time the drum rotation is stopped. Such control is preferably performed automatically by the control unit. On the other hand, the openings other than the assigned processing unit are closed by the means 32.

  The plate-like material is not particularly limited as long as it can close the opening 29 as described above, and can be used.

  When the generated garbage is thrown into the processing unit, the garbage is allocated to the processing unit using a control unit that can allocate the garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in the order of generation (input) of the garbage. You may go. The above assignment may be performed by a user of the apparatus. For example, when all the processing units appear in the opening 29 of the outer tub 21, a display unit or an indicator lamp for indicating a processing unit into which the garbage should be thrown can be used as the control unit. In addition, when only one of the plurality of processing units appears in the opening 29 by using the input blocking means 32, the control unit determines that the processing unit into which the next garbage is input is the outer tub 21. It is preferable to be able to control the movement of the processing unit so that it appears in the opening 29 of the substrate.

  Next, the garbage thrown into the processing unit is stirred and decomposed together with the microbial material and the buffer material as the drum rotates. Further, by this stirring, the inside of the garbage is supplied with air, and the aerobic fermentation conditions are maintained.

  In addition, the rotation of the drum is preferably continuous in order to homogenize the garbage in the processing unit after the garbage is charged, and the number of rotations is preferably high to some extent. Further, the rotation of the drum may be intermittent.

  The garbage processing apparatus of this embodiment may further include a fan for taking air into the processing unit for supplying air. Further, the processing unit can be provided with heating means for accelerating the decomposition process and preventing the moisture in the processing unit from being excessive due to continuous input of garbage. Examples of the heating means include a heater. This heating means can also be used as a sterilization means described below.

  Moreover, in the garbage processing apparatus of this embodiment, the garbage in the processing unit or in the processing unit can be sterilized immediately before or after the input of the garbage, and the microbial material can be input there. Sterilization in the processing unit is performed by sterilization means installed in the garbage processing apparatus. The input of the microbial material may be automatically performed by a supply means installed in the garbage processing apparatus for supplying the microbial material to the processing section, or the user of the apparatus inputs the processing section. May be.

  As said supply means, if microbial material can be supplied to a process part, it can use without being specifically limited. As such a supply means, for example, a feeder for supplying a predetermined amount of powder can be used.

  As said sterilization means, what can sterilize the inside of a process part can be used, without being specifically limited. For example, as this sterilization means, a heating means for heating and drying the assigned processing unit or garbage put therein, an autoclave, a means for irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm, a high-frequency irradiation means, It can be selected from the group consisting of microwave irradiating means, ultrasonic irradiating means, ozone generating means by high voltage discharge, and means for lowering the pH of the assigned processing section or garbage thrown therein to 6 or less.

  Moreover, when the sterilization means is a heating means, it may further have a cutting means for cutting the garbage. By having this cutting means, the garbage is cut into small pieces, and the dry heat sterilization of the garbage can be promoted.

  Further, when the sterilization means includes means for irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm, the member constituting the side wall of the processing unit may be an ultraviolet transmissive member. Thereby, even if the sterilization means is arranged outside the processing unit, the garbage in the processing unit can be directly irradiated with ultraviolet rays from the outside of the processing unit. Examples of the member that transmits ultraviolet rays include polyethylene and colorless cellophane.

  Furthermore, in this case, it is preferable to include a drying unit that reduces the humidity of the processing unit to 60% or less. This is because the humidity significantly affects the sterilization effect by ultraviolet rays, and the sterilization power begins to rapidly decrease at a humidity of 60 to 70%.

  Moreover, when a sterilization means is provided with a microwave irradiation means, it is preferable that the process part is comprised with the airtight metal box. Thereby, a shock wave is generated, and dielectric heating is likely to occur due to the generated shock wave. For this reason, it becomes suitable for sterilization.

Next, the case where the stirring means is arrange | positioned inside the some process part is demonstrated. A top view of such a processing unit is shown in FIG.
Each of the four processing units 40 shown in FIG. 4 has stirring means inside thereof. The agitation means includes a biaxial blade 41. The biaxial blade 41 penetrates the wall 42 that separates the processing unit and the processing unit, and is disposed over the four processing units 40. The biaxial blade 41 can freely rotate, and by rotating these, the garbage is agitated in the processing section.

  Moreover, the stirring means should just be what can stir the garbage in a process part, for example, may be equipped with two opposing rolls etc. instead of the above blades.

  Finally, the decomposed garbage may be taken out by any method. For example, the cylindrical drum is taken out from the garbage processing apparatus, and the decomposed garbage in the processing unit is taken out of the apparatus. Can be discharged.

  In addition, the form of the process part demonstrated below can be used as a process part of the garbage processing apparatus of this Embodiment. This is the same in any of the following embodiments.

Embodiment 3
A garbage disposal apparatus (Y ₁ ) according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The garbage disposal apparatus of FIG. 5 includes a container 51 having a cylindrical space, a stirrer 53 that can rotate in the space, a rotating machine 52 that drives the stirrer, and an aerator 54 that ventilates the space. It has. The cylindrical space is preferably as close to a cylindrical shape as possible, but it is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape close to this. Further, the inner bottom surface of the container 51 may be a flat surface, or may be a convex shape downward in a bowl shape.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the container 51 has a cylindrical space. A stirring bar 53 is disposed in the cylindrical space of the container 51. The stirrer is composed of a rotating shaft 53a and a plurality of plate-shaped stirring blades 53b that are radially supported by the rotating shaft 53a. By the stirring blade 53b, the cylindrical space is divided into a plurality of processing units each having a substantially triangular prism space.

  The container 51 has a hollow side wall and bottom, and a rotating machine 52 is built in the hollow bottom of the container 51. The rotating machine 52 supports the rotating shaft 53 a of the stirrer 53, and the stirrer 53 rotates in the cylindrical space by driving the rotating machine 52. The direction of rotation of the stirring bar 53 is indicated by an arrow in FIG.

  The number of stirring blades is preferably 3 or more and 6 or less. In this case, the input frequency of the garbage into each columnar space is every 3 to 6 days, and the next garbage is introduced when the decomposition by the microorganisms has progressed to some extent. Therefore, the decomposition rate of garbage is improved, and it is not necessary to increase the volume of the cylindrical space more than necessary.

  When the number of stirring blades is 2, the frequency of throwing garbage into each columnar space is every other day. In this case, even if the water content of the input garbage is volatilized and removed within one day, the moisture content decreases and the period of microbial activity is less than one day. Become. In addition, when the number of stirring blades is 2 or more, the cross-sectional area of each columnar space is reduced, the input port of garbage is narrowed, and the operability is lowered. In addition, the allowable amount of garbage is reduced.

  The outer peripheral side in the centrifugal direction of the stirring blade 53b is curved toward the rotational direction, and the outer peripheral side end portion is in a forwardly advanced state. It is preferable that the degree of curvature is larger toward the outside in the centrifugal direction. The shortest linear distance from the rotating shaft to the outer peripheral side end of the stirring blade is slightly smaller than the radius of the cylindrical space. The gap between the inner surface of the container and the outer peripheral side end of the stirring blade is, for example, 0.2 to 5 mm.

  On the front surface of each stirring blade, a striped convex portion 62 extending from the lower side to the upper side from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side is formed. Such an uneven part enables reliable stirring and efficient decomposition without using a complicated mechanism. That is, by the rotation of the stirring blade 53b, the contents of each processing unit rotate together with the stirring bar 53 while being stirred up from below and are stirred simultaneously. When the outer peripheral side of the stirring blade 53b is not moving forward, resistance due to the contents acts on the entire surface of the stirring blade, so that the load when rotating the stirring bar becomes large. On the other hand, when the outer peripheral side of the stirring blade is moving forward, the load can be reduced by the scraping effect on the outer peripheral side where the linear velocity is high. In addition, the said content contains the microbial material, the buffer material, etc. which were added as needed other than garbage.

  The processing unit composed of the columnar space needs to be appropriately assigned to the garbage to be input. This is because, as described above, it is necessary to prevent garbage from being continuously put into the same processing unit. Therefore, in this case as well, as shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable to provide an inner lid 63 separately from the lid portion 56 in the upper opening of the container 51. By providing the input port 64 for restricting the input position of the garbage in the inner lid 63, it is possible to prevent the garbage from being simultaneously input to the plurality of processing units. In addition, from the viewpoint of effectively utilizing a group of microorganisms that becomes dominant when decomposition further proceeds, the positions of the stirrer and the inlet 64 are arranged so that the garbage is sequentially put in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the stirring blade. Is preferably controlled.

  Next, FIG. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the striped convex portion of the stirring blade. The distance L between adjacent convex portions is, for example, 30 to 100 mm. From the viewpoint of reliably moving the contents in each columnar space from the lower side to the upper side by the rotation of the stirring blade, the height of the convex portion is preferably 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less. If the height of the convex portion is less than 10 mm, the ability to scoop up and stir the contents in the columnar space becomes insufficient. When the height of the convex part exceeds 50 mm, the weight of the stirring blade increases, and it becomes difficult to rotate the stirring blade, or the adhesion of garbage and its decomposition products to the blade becomes significant. Odor generation by anaerobic fermentation becomes stronger. Although the striped convex portion is preferably formed on the entire front surface of each stirring blade, it may be formed only partially.

  As shown in FIG. 8, it is preferable that a gap portion 67 having a height of 10 mm or more is provided between the lower end portion 65 of the stirring blade and the bottom surface 66 of the container. When the stirring blade rotates, the contents of one columnar space adjacent from this gap move to the other. That is, it becomes possible to divide and supply a group of microorganisms effective for decomposing organic waste that becomes dominant when decomposition further proceeds from a specific columnar space to another columnar space. As a result, effective microorganism groups do not concentrate only in a specific columnar space, and stable decomposition performance of organic components can be ensured in all spaces.

  Further, by setting the rotation speed of the stirring blade to 0.5 rpm or more and 2 rpm or less, it is possible to smoothly perform the stirring and to suppress the generation of noise accompanying the stirring. When the rotational speed is less than 0.5 rpm, the contents are not sufficiently stirred even if the stirring blades rotate, so that the air permeability is insufficient and it is difficult to obtain suitable decomposition performance. When the rotation speed exceeds 2 rpm, the effect of scraping by the stirring blades is too great, and the contents are piled up high, overflowing the stirring blades and overflowing to the columnar space behind, or overflowing from the inlet.

  Moisture contained in the garbage and moisture and carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of organic matter must be exhausted from the cylindrical space. Exhaust is performed by a ventilator 54 built in the hollow portion of the container 51 as shown in FIG. Exhaust can be performed by pushing outside air into the cylindrical space, but odor may leak from the gap between the upper opening of the container 51 and the lid 56. Therefore, the air inside the cylindrical space is sucked from the exhaust port 58 to the exhaust passage 59 disposed in the hollow portion, deodorized, and then discharged to the outside. The ventilator 54 is connected to the deodorizing unit 57, and odor components contained in the air are removed by the deodorizing unit 57. The container 51 is provided with a vent 60 that allows the hollow portion to communicate with the outside, from which the deodorized air is discharged. Since the air in the cylindrical space is discharged to the outside, fresh air from the outside is always supplied from the intake port 61.

  Further, similarly to the second embodiment, immediately before or after the input of the garbage, the garbage in the processing unit or the processing unit may be sterilized, and the microbial material may be input thereto. At this time, the same sterilization means and microbial material supply means as those in the first embodiment can be used.

Embodiment 4
The case where the garbage processing apparatus shown in Embodiment 3 further includes an identification means for identifying the stirring blades and a heating means for heating the garbage processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 9, the same components as those in FIG. 5 are given the same numbers as in FIG. Moreover, this garbage processing apparatus has an inner lid for restricting the input position of the garbage, but the inner lid is not shown.

In the garbage processing apparatus (Y ₂ ) of FIG. 9, the identification means includes a magnet 68 and a magnetic detector 69 installed on each stirring blade. The magnet 68 is embedded at the outer peripheral side end of each stirring blade 53b with the height changed for each blade. The magnetic detector 69 is built in the hollow portion of the container 51, and can identify the position of each stirring blade by identifying the stirring blade by the height of the magnet 68.

  Further, the operation of the rotating machine 52 may be controlled using a control unit that controls the operation of the rotating machine 52 based on a signal from the magnetic detector 69. Alternatively, the magnetic detector 69 may control the operation of the rotating machine 52. By stopping the rotating machine 52 when each stirring blade comes to a predetermined position, the position of the processing unit can be controlled so as to be directly below the inlet of the inner lid. In addition to the magnetic identification means as described above, an optical identification means or the like can also be used.

  The heating means 70 is installed in the hollow side wall portion of the container 51. Examples of the heating unit 70 include a heater. As shown in FIG. 9, the heating means 70 may be installed only on a part of the inner surface of the side wall, but may be installed on the entire inner surface of the side wall. Although heating of a garbage disposal apparatus is not necessarily required, when a moisture content is high, it is preferable to heat. By heating, the moisture content of garbage can be reduced in a short time, and decomposition by microorganisms can be activated early. In addition, it is preferable that the moisture content of garbage is 30 to 70%. If the moisture content of the garbage is less than 30%, the oxidative decomposition reaction of the garbage by microorganisms does not proceed sufficiently. If the moisture content of the garbage is greater than 70%, the porosity of the contents in the treatment part becomes extremely small, and the supply of oxygen becomes insufficient. For this reason, the contents may be in an anaerobic state and may be fermented or spoiled to generate a bad odor.

  The temperature of the container contents can be controlled directly or indirectly by installing a temperature detector in the hollow bottom of the container 51 or in the side wall where no heater is provided and controlling the output of the heater according to the detected value. Can be done automatically. Furthermore, a moisture detector may be provided and the heating time may be controlled by the moisture content.

  In FIG. 9, an exhaust port 58 is provided above the position heated by the heating means 70. According to such an arrangement, moisture and decomposition gas generated by heating can be efficiently discharged to the outside. The exhaust path 59 is connected to the ventilator 54 via the deodorizing unit 57. Fresh air is constantly supplied from the intake port 61 by suction by the ventilator 54.

Embodiment 5
A garbage disposal apparatus (Z ₁ ) according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
10 includes a preprocessing unit 71, a processing unit 72, a transfer unit 73 for transferring the garbage from the preprocessing unit 71 to the processing unit 72, and the preprocessing unit 71, the processing unit 72, and the transfer. An exterior 74 for housing the means 73 is provided.

  The pre-processing unit 71 includes a mixing blade 75 as a mixing unit for mixing the garbage. This garbage disposal apparatus includes a stirring means (not shown) for agitating the garbage inside the processing unit. Furthermore, this garbage disposal apparatus is provided with ventilation means (not shown) for sending air into the treatment section 72 and discharging it.

The transfer means 73 has a screw 73a and a transfer passage 73b.
Moreover, the exterior 74 has an input port for supplying garbage to the pretreatment unit 71 on its upper surface. FIG. 10 shows a state in which the insertion port is closed by the lid 76.

  In the garbage processing apparatus of the present embodiment, the garbage thrown into the pretreatment unit 71 from the inlet is mixed by the mixing blade 75. At this time, since the rotation of the screw 73a is stopped or the rotation is such that the garbage is transferred in the direction opposite to the transfer direction, the garbage is held in the pretreatment unit 71. Become.

  Next, when a predetermined amount of garbage is stored in the pretreatment unit 71, the rotation of the screw 73a is opposite to the case of holding the garbage, and the garbage is transferred from the pretreatment unit 71 to the treatment unit 72. Be transported. At this time, the garbage is distributed and thrown into one of the plurality of processing units.

  A schematic top view of the processing unit 72 is shown in FIG. The processing unit 72 is divided into a plurality of processing units by a shaft 77 and a plurality of sorting plates 78 that are rotatably attached to the shaft. Since each sorting plate 78 can be rotated around the shaft 77, the processing section can be moved by rotating each sorting plate 78 in conjunction with it. Thereby, garbage can be processed in a different processing part in the order of generation.

  In addition, such allocation of garbage to each processing unit may be performed automatically by the garbage allocation means in conjunction with the transfer of garbage by the transfer means 73 or manually. You may do it.

  Furthermore, the volume of each processing unit can be changed by changing the relative angle between the respective division plates 78. In addition, the number of processing units can be changed by bringing two or more adjacent division plates 78 into contact with each other.

  Moreover, the user may perform the transfer of the garbage to the processing unit 72 by the transfer means 73. When a predetermined amount of garbage is stocked in the preprocessing unit 71, the transfer of the garbage is automatically performed. It may be performed by the transfer control means.

Embodiment 6
FIG. 12 shows a case in which the garbage processing apparatus shown in the fifth embodiment further includes an identification means for identifying each of the plurality of processing units and a recording means for recording a history of assignment of garbage. Will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 12, the same components as those in FIG. 10 are assigned the same numbers as in FIG.

The garbage processing apparatus (Z ₂ ) in FIG. 12 further includes a recognition unit 79 for identifying each of the plurality of processing units, and a recording unit 80 that records a history of allocation of garbage. . The recognition means 79 is provided in each processing unit.

  The position of each processing unit 72 is recognized by the recognition unit 79. Further, the recording means 80 records information (input history) such as the timing of input of garbage into each processing unit 72 for each processing unit. The processing unit having the longest period from the previous garbage input is confirmed by the recording unit 80, and the position of the processing unit is changed based on the information from the recognition unit 79. Garbage can be allocated. In this way, since the input interval of the garbage can be increased, the change of the microorganism group is hardly disturbed. Therefore, in the processing unit, the nutrients that are relatively easily decomposed to those that are hardly decomposable are gradually decomposed, and it is possible to increase the decomposition rate of garbage.

  As the recognition means 79, magnetic recognition means, optical recognition means, or the like can be used.

Embodiment 7
The garbage processing apparatus as shown in the embodiment 5 has a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the contents in each processing unit, and the generated garbage in the order of decreasing the weight of the contents of the processing unit to the processing unit. A case of further having a control unit to be assigned will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 13, the same components as those in FIG. 10 are assigned the same numbers as in FIG.

The garbage processing apparatus (Z ₃ ) in FIG. 13 assigns the generated garbage to the processing units in the order of weight measurement means 81 for measuring the weight of the contents in each processing unit and the contents of the processing unit in ascending order. A control unit (not shown) is included. Examples of the weight measuring unit 81 include a weight sensor. The weight measuring unit 81 is installed, for example, at the bottom of each processing unit.

  The weight of the contents in each processing unit is measured by the weight measuring means 81, and the processing unit with the smallest weight of the contents in the processing unit is determined by the control unit based on the weight. In this way, garbage can be assigned to the processing unit with the smallest weight of the contents. For this reason, it is possible to avoid exceeding the permissible amount of garbage processing of each processing unit, or further throwing the garbage into the processing unit whose decomposition of the garbage is slow. As described above, since garbage is input from the processing unit having a small weight, the hardly decomposable components are difficult to accumulate and the decomposition rate is increased.

  In addition, you may have a calculating means which measures the weight change from the last garbage input in each process part, and determines a process part with the highest rate of change. By having such a calculation means, it is possible to assign garbage to a processing unit having the largest rate of change in the weight of the contents.

Embodiment 8
The garbage processing apparatus shown in the fifth embodiment has a volume measuring means for measuring the volume of the contents of each processing unit, and a control for allocating the generated garbage to the processing units in order of increasing volume of the contents of the processing unit. The case of further having a portion will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 14, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

The garbage processing apparatus (Z ₄ ) in FIG. 14 assigns the generated garbage to the processing units in the order of volume measuring means 82 for measuring the volume of the contents of each processing unit and the contents of the processing unit. A control unit (not shown) is further included. An example of the volume measuring means 82 is an ultrasonic sensor.

  For example, the volume measuring means 82 is disposed above each processing unit. The volume of the contents can be obtained by obtaining the height of the contents from the distance between the volume measuring means 82 and the contents and considering the cross-sectional area of the processing unit. Based on the volume of the content in each processing unit obtained, the control unit determines the processing unit with the smallest volume of the content. Next, the generated garbage is thrown into the processing unit having the smallest content volume.

  When the volume measuring unit 82 is outside the processing unit, for example, the volume measuring unit 82 includes an infrared laser, and the side wall of the processing unit is made of a material that transmits the infrared laser. Thereby, even if the volume measuring means 82 is outside the processing unit, the height of the content can be measured by irradiating the infrared laser, and the content volume of the processing unit can be obtained.

  By having the above-described configuration, it is possible to avoid exceeding the permissible amount of garbage processing of each processing unit or further throwing garbage into the processing unit in which the decomposition of garbage is slow. Thereby, since it becomes possible to throw in garbage into the processing part where the weight of the contents is small, it is difficult for the hardly decomposable components to accumulate and the decomposition rate becomes high.

  In addition, you may have the calculating means which measures the capacity | capacitance change from the last garbage input in each processing part, and determines the processing part with the highest change rate of a capacity | capacitance. By having such a calculation means, it is also possible to assign garbage to a processing unit having the largest rate of change in content volume.

Embodiment 9
The garbage processing apparatus shown in Embodiment 5 measures the moisture content of the contents of each of the plurality of processing units, and the generated garbage in the order of decreasing moisture content of the contents of the processing units. A case of further having a control unit to be assigned will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 15, the same components as those in FIG. 10 are assigned the same numbers as in FIG.

The garbage processing device (Z ₅ ) in FIG. 15 is installed at the lower part of each processing unit, and is generated in the order of the unit 83 for measuring the moisture content of the contents in the processing unit and the moisture content of the contents in the processing unit in ascending order And a control unit (not shown) for assigning the garbage to the processing unit. Examples of the means 83 for measuring the moisture content include a moisture content measuring sensor.

  In the microbial decomposition of garbage, as described above, the moisture content of the garbage is preferably 30 to 70%. The means 83 for measuring the moisture content can be used to measure the moisture content of the contents in each treatment section and to assign the garbage to the treatment section with the smallest moisture content of the contents. In this way, by adjusting and stabilizing the moisture content of the garbage so as to be in the above range, the decomposition efficiency of the garbage by microorganisms can be increased.

  Moreover, you may dry the garbage before being transferred to a process part so that the moisture content may be set to 30 to 70% by providing a drying means (not shown) in the pre-process part 71. As a drying means, those capable of drying garbage can be used without any particular limitation. Examples of such drying means include a heater and a blower means.

As described above, by adjusting the moisture content of the garbage before being transferred to the treatment unit, the moisture content of the garbage in the treatment unit can be stabilized and the decomposition efficiency of the garbage by the microorganisms can be increased.
The drying means can also be used to prevent garbage from rotting, as will be described below.

Embodiment 10
A case where the garbage disposal apparatus shown in the fifth embodiment has means for preventing the garbage from being spoiled in the pretreatment section will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 16, the same components as those in FIG. 10 are assigned the same numbers as in FIG.

The garbage disposal apparatus (Z ₆ ) of FIG. 16 further includes means 84 for preventing the garbage from being spoiled in the pretreatment section 71.
If the input garbage is stocked in the pretreatment unit 71 for a predetermined period, the garbage may be decomposed anaerobically by microorganisms in the pretreatment unit 71 and rot. For this reason, it is preferable to suppress the activity of such microorganisms by drying the garbage, or freezing or refrigeration of the garbage, or sterilizing such microorganisms.

  The means 84 for preventing spoilage preferably comprises a drying means for drying the garbage, a freezing or refrigeration means for freezing or refrigeration of the garbage, or a sterilization means for sterilizing the garbage. .

  For example, when the means 84 for preventing the decay of food waste has a drying means for drying the food waste, the food waste is dried until the moisture content of the food waste is 30 to 50% by weight. Is preferred.

  Microorganisms that rot the garbage can affect the microbial decomposition treatment of the garbage in the processing section. For this reason, it is particularly preferable to sterilize such microorganisms in the pretreatment section.

  In the pretreatment unit 71, when sterilizing microorganisms that spoil the garbage, the sterilization method is the dry heat sterilization method, high-pressure steam sterilization method, ultraviolet sterilization method, high-frequency heat sterilization method, as in the second embodiment. , Microwave heat sterilization method, ultrasonic sterilization method, ozone sterilization method and the like. Further, sterilization can be performed by adjusting the pH in the pretreatment unit 71 to an acidity of 6 or less.

  As the sterilization means used for performing the sterilization method as described above, as in the second embodiment, a means for heating and drying the input garbage, an autoclave, having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm. Examples include means for irradiating ultraviolet rays, high frequency irradiation means, microwave irradiation means, ultrasonic wave application means, ozone generation means by high voltage discharge, or means for reducing the pH of garbage to 6 or less.

  When the sterilization means includes ozone generation means by high voltage discharge, it is preferable to provide means for providing a pressure difference between the pretreatment part and the treatment part. This is to prevent ozone generated for sterilization in the pretreatment part from flowing out to the treatment part and inhibiting the decomposition of garbage in the treatment part by ozone. For example, as such means, there is a pump for depressurizing the pretreatment unit.

  Further, sterilization means similar to that of the second embodiment may be installed in the processing unit 72 instead of the preprocessing unit 71.

Embodiment 11
Next, a garbage disposal apparatus (Z ₇ ) according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The garbage disposal apparatus of FIG. 17 includes a main body 91, a motor 92, a screw 93 rotated by the motor 92, and a hopper 94 for introducing garbage. At this time, the garbage thrown in from the hopper 94 is held in a processing section formed by a gap between the screw 93 and the main body 91. When the screw 93 is rotated by the motor 92, the garbage moves toward the end portion of the screw 93 opposite to the end portion to which the motor 92 is connected. At this time, the garbage moves while being stirred by the screw 93.

  Garbage is located in the processing section in the order in which it is thrown in. If the garbage that was thrown in first does not mix with the garbage that was thrown in later, or if there is a gap between the thrown-in garbage, there will be a gap between the garbage that was thrown in first and the garbage that was thrown in later. Since it arises, each garbage can be considered to be located in one of several processing parts.

  With the configuration as described above, the garbage processing apparatus can process the garbage individually because the garbage is allocated to the separate processing units in the order of input. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the relatively hardly decomposable components are not decomposed and accumulated in the processing unit, and the garbage can be efficiently decomposed.

  In the screw 93, it is preferable that the pitch becomes narrower as it progresses in the direction in which the garbage is pushed out.

  As the garbage progresses through the interior of the garbage disposal apparatus, the decomposition proceeds and the volume thereof becomes smaller. For example, the pitch of the screw 93 is gradually narrower than that of a screw having an equal pitch. For this reason, the residence time in the apparatus of garbage can be increased.

  In addition, when the pitches of the screws are equally spaced, the volume of the garbage becomes smaller than the volume of the gap per pitch as the volume of the garbage is reduced. At this time, the volumetric efficiency of storing garbage in the apparatus is reduced. However, if the pitch is reduced in accordance with the volume reduction of garbage, the amount of processing that can be accommodated in the apparatus can be increased.

  Further, the pitch of the screws 93 may be equally spaced.

  The rotational speed of the screw 93 can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the garbage decomposition speed. Further, it can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the frequency of charging.

  Also in the present embodiment, the garbage may be decomposed by simultaneously introducing the microbial material together with the garbage. The garbage may be decomposed by natural bacteria contained in the garbage without introducing the microbial material. Moreover, you may throw in the above buffer materials with garbage. The buffer material is preferably introduced in an amount of about 20 to 20 times, more preferably about 4 to 10 times the volume of garbage, by volume ratio.

  The main body 91 may be provided with heating means. By using this heating means, the garbage can be heated to accelerate the decomposition of the garbage.

  It is also possible to provide a plurality of hoppers at different positions of the main body 91 and change the input position of the garbage depending on the type of garbage. Garbage containing a large amount of cellulose, such as onion skin and fruit seeds, is put in from a hardly decomposable hopper 95 close to the motor in order to take a long decomposition time. Ordinary garbage is fed from a hopper 94 in the middle of the main body 91. Thus, by having a plurality of hoppers, it is possible to increase the residence time of the hard-to-decompose garbage in the apparatus and to enhance its decomposition.

  Further, it is preferable to provide a gas vent 96 in the middle of the main body 91 for extracting gas from the processing section.

  As the garbage disposal apparatus, an apparatus as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was used. That is, as the cylindrical drum, a drum having a capacity of 20 L having six processing units was used.

In each of these six processing parts, 700 g of sawdust as a buffer material and 70 g of microbial material were put in advance. As the microbial material, the material left after being piled up with mowing grass was used as the flooring material, the garbage was thrown in, and the waste was processed once a day for two weeks. Two weeks later, the shape of the input garbage was not recognized. This microbial material contains 10 ⁸ c. Resident bacteria adhering to food or existing in the environment. f. About u / g was included.

  Garbage was thrown into each of the six treatment units in rotation every day every 24 hours. Here, in order to avoid an eccentric load, garbage is not continuously thrown into adjacent processing units.

  After throwing in the garbage, the drum was continuously rotated by the motor except when the garbage was put in. In addition to promoting the decomposition of garbage by microbial materials, the temperature inside the processing unit that evaporates moisture is set using a heater located on the side of the drum so that the inside of the processing unit does not become excessive due to the input of garbage. Maintained at 60 ° C.

  In this example, the breakdown of raw garbage introduced at one time is 175 g of cabbage, 35 g of potato, 35 g of onion, 35 g of radish, 105 g of apple, 105 g of orange, 21 g of raw meat, 56 g of raw fish, 14 g of chicken eggshell, 77 g of rice, and tea shells. It was 42g, and it was 700g in total. This composition is a composition that is regarded as a standard bag by the Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association. In addition, it adjusted so that the sum total of the moisture content of the content (sawdust, microbial material, and garbage) in the process part after throwing in garbage might be set to 60%.

  Prior to the introduction of the garbage on the seventh day, the weight loss due to the decomposition of the garbage was measured. As a result of this measurement, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 200 g, and 100 g were reduced in order from the processing unit that was charged quickly, and the total weight was reduced by 2100 g.

Comparative Example 1

  The garbage was decomposed using the same garbage treatment apparatus as in Example 1 except that a drum having a capacity of 20 L having no sorting plate inside and having only one treatment unit was used.

  In this processing section, 4200 g of sawdust as a buffer material and 420 g of microbial material were charged in advance. Garbage was put into this processing unit every 24 hours every day.

  After throwing in the garbage, the drum was continuously rotated by the motor except when the garbage was put in. Moreover, the temperature in a process part was kept at 60 degreeC using the heater arrange | positioned at the drum side surface.

  Further, the composition and amount of the garbage to be input at one time were also the same as those in Example 1. Further, as in Example 1, the moisture content of the atmosphere in the treatment section and the moisture content of the garbage were measured, and the total moisture content of the atmosphere and the garbage in the treatment section of the input of garbage was 60%. It adjusted so that it might become.

  Prior to the introduction of the garbage on the seventh day, the weight loss due to the decomposition of the garbage was measured. In Comparative Example 1, the weight decreased by 1680 g in total.

  When the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, the garbage processing device of the present invention having a plurality of processing units is more than the garbage processing device having only one processing unit. It is understood that the amount of processing is large.

Next, a nutritional component analysis was performed on the content in all the processing units in Example 1 and the content in the processing unit in Comparative Example 1, and the results in Example 1 and the results in Comparative Example 1 were analyzed. Compared.
The starch component was almost the same in both cases. However, in the case of Example 1, the remaining amounts of protein, lipid and cellulose were small.

  In addition, the garbage processing method and the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention are used not only for garbage discharged from homes, restaurants, restaurants, but also for food waste discharged from food factories. be able to.

  In addition, the size and shape of the processing unit, the type and amount of the buffer material, and the like can be arbitrarily changed according to the use conditions.

  With the garbage processing method and the garbage processing apparatus according to the present invention, the generated garbage can be input to different processing units in the order of generation, and the garbage can be individually processed in each processing unit. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the relatively hardly decomposable components are not accumulated without being decomposed, and the garbage can be efficiently decomposed. Therefore, the present invention is useful for decomposing and reducing garbage discarded from homes, restaurants, hospitals, schools, food factories, and the like, or producing compost fertilizer from garbage.

It is a top view of a drum provided with a plurality of processing parts inside. It is a schematic sectional drawing of garbage processing apparatus (X) provided with the drum of FIG. It is a schematic top view which shows an example of an insertion prevention means. It is a top view which shows another embodiment of a process part. It is a schematic perspective view of a food waste treatment apparatus (Y ₁₎ of the present invention. It is a top view of the garbage processing apparatus of FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view of an example of a stirring blade. It is a schematic diagram of the clearance gap provided between the lower end part of the stirring blade and the container bottom face. It is a schematic perspective view of a food waste treatment apparatus of the present invention (Y _2). Is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus (Z ₁₎ of the present invention. It is a top view of the process part of the garbage processing apparatus of FIG. Is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus (Z ₂₎ of the present invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus of the present invention (Z _3). It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus of the present invention (Z _4). Is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus (Z ₅₎ of the present invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus of the present invention (Z _6). It is a longitudinal sectional view, with parts cut away for a food waste disposal apparatus (Z ₇₎ of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cylindrical drum 11, 40, 72 Processing part 20 Apparatus frame 21 Outer tank 22 Motor 23 Bottom surface of cylindrical drum 24 Rear wall of outer tank 25 Rotating shaft 26 Damper 27 Spring 28 Opening part of apparatus frame 29 Opening part of outer tank DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 Door which can be opened and closed 31 Balancer 32 Input prevention means 33 Input part 41 Blade 42 Wall 51 Container with cylindrical space 52 Rotating machine 53 Stirrer 53a Rotating shaft 53b Plate-shaped stirring blade 54 Ventilator 56 Lid part 57 Deodorizing part 58 Exhaust Port 59 Exhaust path 60 Ventilation port 61 Inlet port 62 Striped convex portion 63 Inner lid 64 Input port 65 Lower end portion of stirring blade 66 Bottom surface of container 68 Magnet 69 Magnetic detector 70 Heating unit 71 Pretreatment unit 73 Transfer unit 73a Screw 73b Transfer Aisle 74 Exterior 75 Mixing blade 76 Lid 77 Shaft 78 Sorting plate 79 Recognizing hand 80 recording means 81 weight measuring means 82 volume measuring means 83 means 91 body 92 motor 93 screw 94 hopper 95 hardly decomposable hopper 96 venting to prevent spoilage of the means 84 garbage for measuring the moisture content

Claims (35)

A method for treating garbage,
(1) A step of assigning generated garbage to one of a plurality of processing units for processing garbage in the order of generation, and throwing it into the assigned processing unit,
(2) a step of decomposing the input garbage with microorganisms while stirring, and (3) a step of discharging at least a part of the decomposed garbage from the processing unit,
Including the method.   The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the step (1), the garbage is allocated to the processing unit having the longest period from the previous input of the garbage among the plurality of processing units.   The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), garbage is assigned to one of the plurality of processing units according to a predetermined order given to each of the plurality of processing units.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step (1) includes a step of sterilizing the interior immediately before throwing the garbage into the assigned processing unit.   The method in any one of Claims 1-3 in which the said process (1) includes the process of sterilizing the garbage input into the said process part to which it was allocated.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step (1) includes a step of drying and reducing the amount of garbage thrown into the assigned processing unit. A garbage disposal device for treating garbage,
(A) A plurality of processing units for decomposing the garbage, and (b) a garbage treatment apparatus comprising a stirring means for stirring the garbage.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a control unit that assigns generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in the order of generation.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of processing units includes a garbage input port.   8. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising: an input preventing unit that prevents the garbage from being input, in addition to the assigned processing unit to which the garbage is input.   The raw processing unit according to claim 7, further comprising a preprocessing unit that receives the input raw garbage, and a transfer unit that distributes the raw garbage from the preprocessing unit to one of the plurality of processing units in an assigned order. Garbage disposal device.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 7 or 11 further equipped with the weight measurement means to measure the weight of the content accommodated in each of these process parts.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a control unit that assigns the generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in order of increasing weight of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7 or 11, further comprising volume measuring means for measuring a volume of contents stored in each of the plurality of processing units.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 14 provided with the control part which allocates the generated garbage to one of the said several process parts in order with a small volume of the content accommodated in each of these several process parts.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 7 or 11 further equipped with the moisture content measuring means for measuring the moisture content of the content accommodated in each of these process parts.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising a control unit that assigns the generated garbage to one of the plurality of processing units in ascending order of moisture content of the contents accommodated in each of the plurality of processing units.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 7 or 11 which can change the volume of these process parts.   Furthermore, the garbage processing apparatus of Claim 18 which can change the number of these process parts.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising a control unit configured to change a volume of each of the plurality of processing units according to a volume of contents of the plurality of processing units.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a control unit that varies each volume of the plurality of processing units and / or the number of the plurality of processing units according to a volume of contents of the plurality of processing units. .   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7 or 11, wherein the agitation unit is disposed inside each of the plurality of processing units.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the stirring means comprises a blade or a roll.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 7 or 11, wherein the plurality of processing units are arranged inside the stirring means.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the stirring means is a drum.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 7 or 11 further equipped with the sterilization means for sterilizing the said process part or the garbage thrown into the said process part.   The sterilization means is a heating means for heating and drying the processing section or the garbage put into the processing section, an autoclave, a means for irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm, a high-frequency irradiation means, a microwave irradiation 27. The means selected from the group consisting of: means, ultrasonic irradiation means, ozone generation means by high voltage discharge, and means for reducing the pH of the garbage thrown into the processing section or the assigned processing section to 6 or less. The garbage disposal apparatus as described.   28. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising means for cutting the garbage when the sterilization means is a heating means that heats and drys the garbage put into the processing section or the processing section.   28. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising a drying unit that reduces the humidity of the processing unit to 60% or less when the sterilizing unit is a unit that irradiates ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 2,000 to 3,000 mm. .   The garbage processing device according to claim 7 or 11, wherein the plurality of processing units includes 3 to 6 processing units. A garbage disposal device for treating garbage,
(A) a container having a cylindrical space;
(B) a stirrer that is rotatable in the space;
(C) a rotating machine that drives the stirrer, and (d) a ventilator that ventilates the space,
Comprising
The stirrer comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of plate-shaped stirring blades supported radially on the rotating shaft,
The plurality of plate-like stirring blades divides the cylindrical space into a plurality of processing units each including a columnar space,
The outer peripheral side in the centrifugal direction of each stirring blade is curved toward the rotation direction,
Each agitating blade is a garbage disposal apparatus having a striped convex portion extending upward from below from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side on the front surface thereof.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the number of the stirring blades is 3 or more and 6 or less.   The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the height of the convex part is 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.   The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 31 which has a clearance gap of 10 mm or more in height between the lower end part of the said stirring blade, and the said container bottom face. 32. The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring blade is 0.5 rpm or more and 2 rpm or less.

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