JP2004278180A - Greening method of slope, greening protection fence and greening structure of slope - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a slope revegetation method that promotes the use of thinned wood and is excellent in workability, in harmony with the surrounding landscape.
In a slope greening method for greening a slope, a step of constructing a wooden retaining fence on the slope and a step between the retaining fence and the slope above the retaining fence. And a method of filling and planting or sowing the vegetation base material 60 inside the retaining fence 40.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a slope greening technique for greening and stabilizing a slope.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, as a method of greening a slope, a method of constructing a concrete retaining fence on a slope, inserting a vegetation base material therein, and vegetating is known.
However, there was a disadvantage that the concrete frame placed on the slope did not always harmonize with the surrounding natural scenery.
Therefore, in order to harmonize with the natural scenery, an attempt has been made to effectively use surplus thinned wood as a retaining material for retaining fences.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when used as earth retaining material, the thinning material has inconsistent strength and material, and its service life is not clear. There was a risk of collapse.
Also, when the slope is steep, there was a risk that the slope would collapse with the vegetation after the wooden retaining wall had decayed.
[0004]
[Object of the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a slope revegetation method that promotes the use of thinned wood and is in harmony with the surrounding landscape and has excellent workability.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the object as described above, the slope greening method of the present invention is a slope greening method for greening a slope, wherein a wooden retaining fence is constructed on the slope, and the retaining fence and the retaining fence are provided. A step of bridging the restraint between the slope above the fence, and a step of filling the vegetation base material with the vegetation base material and planting or sowing the inside of the retaining fence. Things.
Conventionally, a wooden retaining fence was used as a main building, so that it was not possible to secure the stability of the greening slope after the wooden retaining fence decayed. However, in the present invention, the retaining fence is used only as a temporary object until the vegetation trees planted or sown are rooted on the slope, and the stability of the slope is determined by utilizing the clod holding power of the tree roots. This solves the problem after the wooden retaining fence rots.
[0006]
Further, the slope greening method of the present invention is characterized in that in the above-described slope greening method, the restraint member is arranged in a loop so as to surround the roots and trunks of plants grown by planting or sowing. Is what you do.
In this way, the roots and stems of the plants grown by planting and sowing are entangled with the restraint restraint and integrated, and a part of the restraint restraint is arranged in a loop in advance to prevent the soil mass from collapsing from the slope. The roots are easily tangled.
[0007]
The slope greening method according to the present invention is characterized in that in the above-described slope greening method, a thinned wood is used as the wood constituting the retaining fence.
[0008]
In the slope greening method of the present invention, in the above-described slope greening method, a step of laying a foundation net having a perforated structure toward the target slope is added before the construction step of the retaining fence is performed. It is characterized by the following.
[0009]
In addition, in the slope greening method of the present invention, in any of the above-described slope greening methods, a step of constructing a permeable layer having a drainage function toward the target slope is added before constructing the retaining fence. It is characterized by having done.
[0010]
Further, in the slope greening method of the present invention, in any one of the slope greening methods described above, after filling the vegetation base material, the surface of the vegetation base material is covered with a protective material to prevent damage from animals. It is a feature.
[0011]
The slope revegetation method of the present invention is characterized in that in any one of the slope revegetation methods described above, a tree shrub is used as a plant to be planted or a seed to be sown.
Here, the middle shrub refers to a tree of a type whose tree height does not exceed 2 m at the maximum.
The middle shrub includes, for example, Satsuki, Azalea, Himeyashabushi and the like.
By using a small middle shrub among trees, it is possible to reduce the load applied to the restraint.
[0012]
In addition, the slope greening method of the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the above-described slope greening methods, the slope is preliminarily shaped into a step shape, and then the work is performed for each step.
[0013]
In addition, the slope revegetation method of the present invention is characterized in that in any of the slope revegetation methods described above, planting and sowing are used in combination, and both pioneer species and persistent species are vegetated. is there.
Here, pioneer species are species that have a short lifespan, but are fast growing and have high environmental adaptability, and are the first species to be established on bare lands after volcanic eruptions and river floods. is there.
[0014]
Moreover, the slope greening method of the present invention is characterized in that chitosan is mixed or adhered to the basic net in any one of the slope greening methods described above.
[0015]
Further, the present invention provides a greening protection fence used for a slope greening method for filling and supporting a vegetation base material and planting and sowing the vegetation base material, an earth retaining fence constructed using thinned wood, The present invention is characterized in that it is constituted by a restraint member suspended between a retaining fence and a slope above the retaining fence.
[0016]
In addition, the greening structure of the slope of the present invention, a wooden retaining fence constructed on the target slope, a restraint spanning bridge between the retaining fence and the slope above the retaining fence, A vegetation base material to be filled inside the retaining fence, and a plant that performs planting and sowing on the vegetation base material, and the restraint member supports a load applied to the retaining fence, It is characterized by surrounding the roots and trunks of the plants planted on the vegetation base material.
[0017]
Embodiment 1 of the present invention
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a slope greening method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
<A> Construction step of permeable layer A permeable layer 20 is constructed on the ground of the target slope 10 where greening is to be performed.
The permeable layer 20 prevents the inside of the slope 10 from becoming saturated by controlling the infiltration of the rainwater poured from the upper surface into the ground, and thus suppresses the collapse of the slope 10.
As the water permeable layer 20, for example, crushed stone, foamed glass, coal ash, or other known materials can be used. In this embodiment, the water permeable layer 20 is laid with a thickness of about 30 to 50 mm using clinker ash. Clinker ash is produced as a by-product of a thermal power plant, and its use will lead to effective use of resources.
More preferably, the permeable layer 20 has not only a drainage function but also a water retention function for holding a certain amount of moisture. This is because, with such a permeable layer 20, roots that extend toward water and air will always extend toward the permeable layer 20 and will grow faster and at the shortest distance.
[0019]
Here, a mechanism when the slope 10 collapses will be described.
Causes of the collapse of the slope 10 include a predisposition of the slope such as geology, topography, and gradient, and external triggers such as rainfall and topography modification.
When rainwater penetrates into the soil due to rainfall, the water penetrates into the ground. However, since the soil density of the ground generally increases as the depth increases, the permeability coefficient decreases as the depth increases. For this reason, the moisture that has permeated from the surface layer of the ground becomes saturated at a certain depth, and the saturated portion is lower than the strength of the unsaturated soil. , The slip occurs here.
Therefore, in view of this point, the present invention constructs the permeable layer 20 on the slope 10 to keep the slope 10 constantly in an unsaturated state, stabilize the slope 10 for a long time, and improve the slope in various factors. 10 is also applicable.
[0020]
By providing the permeable layer 20 on the slope 10, rainwater exceeding a certain amount is drained, but in view of this allowable capacity, pipes are arranged below the slope 10 from the surface layer of the permeable layer 20 to the inside of the permeable layer 20. Alternatively, the drainage function of the permeable layer 20 may be assisted.
[0021]
<B> Laying Step of Basic Net Next, the basic net 30 is laid on the permeable layer 20 (FIG. 3A).
The foundation net 30 is fixed to the slope 10 using, for example, an anchor.
The base net 30 has a perforated structure, and is laid on the slope 10 to prevent the ground from collapsing, while growing planted plants, roots are entangled in the eyes of the net 30, and soil retaining is performed. Also, it has a role of generating a strong connection between the sloping surface 10 and the slope 10.
The base net 30 is made of fiber, metal, or the like, which has a high proof stress against a force applied from outside.
As the structure of the basic net 30, for example, a nonwoven fabric formed by arranging fibers in a plane and non-aligned, a known single-oriented sheet formed by a method such as knitting and weaving, or a single-oriented sheet formed of a plywood like Woven fabrics such as those alternately laminated and cloth-like can be used.
In addition, chitosan for promoting the development of plant roots may be mixed or attached to the basic net 30. With such a form, the roots of the plant absorb chitosan, the growth is further promoted, the roots are more entangled with the basic net 30, and the slope 10 can be expected to be stabilized earlier.
[0022]
<C> Construction of retaining fence Next, the retaining fence 40 is constructed at regular intervals in the gradient direction of the slope 10 using the thinned wood 41 cut out from the mountain forest.
The retaining fence 40 is for preventing the planted plant and the vegetation base material 60 (clod mass) filled therein from collapsing, and in order to resist this earth pressure, a plurality of woods arranged horizontally or vertically. And is fixed on the ground.
In this example, a plurality of timbers (horizontal rails 42) that are passively earth-pressured and that are connected to the horizontal rails 42 to propagate the earth pressure to the slope 10 are stacked in a horizontal direction so that no gap is generated. (Pile 43).
[0023]
The thinned wood 41 is cut and processed, and is manufactured for the cross rail 42 and the pile 43.
The thinning material 41 for the crosspiece 42 is cut to be set longer than the pitch at which the pile 43 is cast, and the thinning material 41 for the pile 43 is cut to a required length, and then only one end is sharpened. Both are simple to manufacture and do not require time.
The use of the thinned lumber 41 leads to the effective use of resources, and the use of the thinned lumber 41 that has been cut down near the construction site has reduced the transportation costs and the use of the thinned lumber 41, which has been a concern in the past. The problem of not being able to balance with effective use can be solved. Furthermore, even in a mountainous area where it is difficult to carry in the material, the retaining fence 40 can be constructed easily at low cost.
[0024]
The processed pile 43 is cast at a fixed interval on the contour line of the slope 10, and thereafter, the timber is piled in the horizontal direction from the upper side of the slope 10 toward the pile 43 to form the horizontal rail 42 and the retaining fence 40. Is constructed (FIG. 3B).
In this embodiment, the thinning material 41 is used for constructing the retaining fence 40, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various types of wood can be used. Further, it is not always necessary to take anticorrosion measures for the thinned material 41, and even if the thinned material 41 is used as it is cut out, the structure of the present invention can provide sufficient strength to cover the structure.
[0025]
<D> Installation of restraint stays Next, the restraint stays 50 are installed between the retaining fences 40 and the slopes 10.
The restraint member 50 is a member that supports the force received by the earth retaining fence 40 from the earth mass on the slope 10 and takes a reaction force.
As the restraint member 50, a net made of, for example, a tree or a metal, which has a strong resistance to a force in a plane direction and an outside plane, is used. Further, those having excellent durability and corrosion resistance are preferable, and those having a perforated structure are more preferable.
[0026]
The restraining stays 50 are arranged so as to be continuously or intermittently bridged between the slope 10 and the retaining fence 40, and the length of the restraining stays 50 is set according to the form.
In this example, both ends 51, 51 of the restraint stay 50 are fixed at regular intervals in the horizontal direction of the slope 10, and the intermediate portion 52 of the restraint stay 50 is connected to the side surface of the retaining fence 40. (FIG. 3C). The space provided between the two end portions 51, 51 is set to such a size that a plant to be planted in the next step can be inserted into a substantially triangular space formed by the restraint member 50 and the slope 10. Is preferred.
[0027]
The ends 51, 51 are fixed to the slope 10 by, for example, using a well-known anchor by driving the restraint 50 toward the slope 10 from above. Thereafter, the center portion of the restraint member 50 is grasped and positioned in a substantially horizontal direction, and is fixed to the side surface of the earth retaining fence 40 in the front (intermediate portion 52). It is preferable that the intermediate portion 52 is attached at a position in front of the center of a line connecting both ends 51, 51. This is the direction in which the soil mass or the plant collapses is this direction, and the direction in which the force exerted on the restraint restraint 50 at this time is the least burden on the restraint restraint 50 and can be efficiently suppressed is this direction. Because.
The restraint members 50 are installed in such a form, and two sets of upper and lower members, and this set are installed at regular intervals in the horizontal direction of the slope 10.
[0028]
In addition, it is not always necessary to leave an interval between both end portions 51, 51 of the restraint member 50, and the fixing of the intermediate portion 52 to the retaining fence 40 is not limited to being fixed at a point, but also in a linear shape, that is, in a plane. It may be fixed.
Further, the restraint member 50 may be in the form of a rope.
[0029]
<E> Planting Next, the young tree 70 is suspended from the top inside the retaining fence 40 and temporarily fixed. At this time, it is desirable that the position where the young tree 70 is hung be in a space surrounded by the restraint member 50 and the slope 10. If the restraint member 50 surrounds the young tree 70 in this manner, the self-sustainability of the young tree 70 can be further ensured.
[0030]
As the young tree 70, for example, in addition to a seedling raised and dug in a field or the like generally used in a planting work, a pot seedling sown in a pot and raised can be used.
Seedlings grown in the field may cut roots when digging, with the danger of reduced engraftment rates.
On the other hand, potted seedlings are only removed from the pot when planting, so there is no danger of cutting the roots and the survival rate is high, but the direct roots do not develop much, rather the lateral roots develop well. Present.
When planting a seedling, it is preferable to select in consideration of these points.
In order to reduce the load on the restraint member 50, the slope 10, and the like, it is preferable to select a lightweight middle shrub.
[0031]
After that, the remaining soil or fertilizer, compost, root extraction chips and the like, which are generated during the construction, are fed into the retaining fence 40 as the vegetation base material 60 to complete the planting. A water retention material or a fertilizer may be placed inside the retaining fence 40 as necessary.
Planting is performed on the entire slope 10 as described above.
[0032]
In this manner, in the present invention, by arranging the restraint member 50 between the earth retaining fence 41 and the slope 10, the load of the receiving pressure exerted on the protective fence 40 can be partially reduced, and the plant can be placed on the slope. It is possible to reduce the risk that the protective fence 40 will collapse before taking root.
In addition, even if the retaining fence 40 collapses or deteriorates as shown in FIG. 4, since the periphery of the plant is surrounded by the restraint member 50, it is avoided at least from the danger of the plant collapsing. it can.
Further, after the plant has settled on the slope 10, its safety can be further secured.
[0033]
When a certain period elapses after the planting and the roots reach the base net 30, the roots and the base net 30 eventually become entangled and integrated, whereby a stable earth retaining structure is constructed. Thus, the restraint member 50 and the foundation net 30 work together to ensure the integrity of the earth mass and the slope 10 and to supply a safe greening slope.
Further, since the roots are entangled not only with the basic net 30 but also with the eyes of the restraint members 50, the earth retaining is further strengthened.
In addition, by constructing the permeable layer 20 on the slope 10, excess rainwater can be drained, and thus, the collapse of the slope 10 can be prevented. Further, by providing the permeable layer 20 with a water retention function, plants can be planted. Stable water can be supplied.
[0034]
In addition, the process of installing the restraint member 50 described above and the process of installing the planting may be switched, and the planting may be performed before the restraint member 50 is installed.
In the case where seeds are sown on the filled vegetation base material 60 instead of planting the young tree 70, it is preferable that the seeds be sown so as to be rooted in the ring formed by the restraint member 50.
When seeds are sown, remarkable development of the root system can be expected as compared with the case of planting pot seedlings, and the slope 10 can be expected to be stabilized early.
Further, the invention is not limited to the mode of performing either planting or sowing, and planting and sowing may be performed in combination.
[0035]
It is preferable to use woody plants as plants used for vegetation.
Plants also contain herbs, but most of them are annual, and in the winter they die and are decomposed, and thus do not contribute to carbon dioxide absorption.
On the other hand, woody plants are more perennial than winter grasses in that they are not perishable in winter except for the parts other than the leaves and contribute to the absorption of carbon dioxide over a long period of time. Can be expected.
[0036]
Embodiment 2 of the present invention
As described above, the above-described embodiment is an embodiment in which the permeable layer 20 and the basic net 30 are arranged on the slope 10, but these are not necessarily arranged, and a step of constructing the permeable layer 20 and a step of laying the basic net 30 Either one or both may be omitted.
[0037]
Third Embodiment of the Invention
Further, the surface portion of the vegetation base material 60 may be covered with a thinning material 41 or a protective material such as a fiber or a wire mesh in order to prevent the part where the greening is performed from being damaged by harmful birds and beasts such as wild boars after planting. .
This form is particularly useful when sowing seeds on the vegetation base material 60.
When seeds are sown on the vegetation base material 60, the sprouted individuals develop well roots, especially the direct roots are remarkably developed, and early stabilization of the slope 10 can be expected. Occasionally, some kind of oak grows more than 1m / year on soft soil.
However, seeds are a favorite for small animals, and may be eaten by rats and rabbits before they germinate.
Therefore, by arranging the thinning material 41, fiber, wire mesh, or the like on the surface of the vegetation base material 60 on which the seeds are planted, the seeds can be prevented from small animals.
[0038]
Embodiment 4 of the present invention
The present invention can be applied to cut slopes, natural slopes, and various types of lining slopes.
[0039]
Embodiment 5 of the present invention
The above is the embodiment in which the greening is performed while making use of the inclination of the target slope 20. However, before performing the greening, the slope 10 may be shaped in a step-like shape in advance (FIG. 5).
Thereby, the sliding force of the vegetation and the vegetation base material 20 downward on the slope 10 can be reduced, and the load applied to the restraint member 50 can be reduced. As a result, the slope 20 can be connected stably.
[0040]
Embodiment 6 of the present invention
In the above, the mode of planting the young tree 70 has been described. In this mode, seeding is used in addition to pot seedlings, and both pioneer species and persistent species are vegetated.
Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described.
[0041]
Generally, it takes a long time to green the new ground and reach the extreme phase. When bare land becomes a forest, first-year herbaceous plants grow first, and then plant types change over time, such as perennials, deciduous broad-leaved trees, and evergreen broad-leaved trees. Finally, a community suitable for the land and environment is completed.
This is so-called latent natural vegetation, and when the topography is artificially modified, it is required to approach the potential natural vegetation as soon as possible.
[0042]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, first, the sustainable tree species and the pioneer tree species are planted together.
Sustainable tree species generally grow slowly but have a long life span, are relatively large, and have the property of being able to exist as environmental forests.However, planting these alone in the natural environment makes them difficult to establish. is there. This persistent tree species includes, for example, sharimubai, rat rodent, oak.
Therefore, by combining pioneering species with short life but rapid growth and high environmental adaptability, the pioneering species will die first and become fertilizer for the sustainable species, and the sustainable species will become new. An environment that easily settles on the ground, that is, a natural cycle suitable for sustainable tree species was formed between vegetation. This pioneering tree species includes, for example, red-crowned wrinkles, cypresses and yamahagi.
In addition, the pioneer tree species has an effect that the green slope 10 is covered with green earlier, and as the aging progresses, the sustainable tree species overtakes the height of the pioneer tree species, and the type of trees appearing on the surface of the slope 10 changes gradually. Can also be enjoyed.
[0043]
Second, these tree species are vegetated using two types of means, planting and sowing.
The growth of pot seedlings is as described above. However, since the roots have the property of extending toward water and air, when the permeable layer 20 having a water retention function is installed on the slope 10, the soil is constantly inconsistent. Because it is saturated and contains a certain amount of water, it provides a more favorable environment for rhizome development.
Thereby, at least an optimal environment can be provided to either the pot seedling or the seed, and the slope 10 can be greened at an early stage.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, the present invention can obtain the following effects.
<B> According to the present invention, since the bridge is laid between the slope and the retaining fence with the restraint, the pressure received on the retaining fence can be partially reduced, and the collapse of the retaining fence can be reduced.
In addition, since wood is used as the earth retaining material, greening can be performed without discomfort in the landscape, and even if thinned wood is used for wood, a stable structure is ensured by its configuration, so it is safe. Can be used. In addition, it will also make effective use of thinned wood.
<B> By constructing a permeable layer on the slope, excess rainwater is drained and the slope does not become saturated, so that the slope can be prevented from collapsing. In addition, by providing a water retention function, stable water supply to the planting can be performed.
In addition, by laying the foundation net on the slope, the grown root is entangled with the grown root, so that the soil mass and the slope can be integrated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective sectional view of a first embodiment of a slope greening method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a construction process diagram of a greening slope.
FIG. 4 is a greening slope where a retaining fence has collapsed.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of a fifth embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, slope 20, permeable layer 30, foundation net 40, retaining fence 41, thinning material 50, restraint material 51, end 52, middle part 60, vegetation base material 70 Young tree

Claims (12)

In greening method to green slope,
Building wooden retaining fences on the slopes,
Spanning a restraint between the retaining fence and the slope above the retaining fence,
The step of performing planting and sowing while filling the soil retaining fence with a vegetation base material,
Greening method of slope. The method for greening a slope according to claim 1, wherein the restraint members are arranged in a loop shape so as to surround a root or a trunk of a plant grown by planting or sowing. 3. The slope revegetation method according to claim 1, wherein a thinning material is used as wood constituting the retaining fence. 4. The slope revegetation method according to claim 1, wherein a step of laying a foundation net having a perforated structure toward the target slope is added before constructing the retaining fence. . The slope greening according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a step of constructing a permeable layer having a drainage function toward the target slope is added before constructing the retaining fence. Construction method. The method for greening a slope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after filling the vegetation base material, the surface of the vegetation base material is covered with a protective material to prevent damage from animals. The slope revegetation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a middle shrub species is used as the plant to be planted or the seed to be sown. The slope revegetation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the slope is formed in steps beforehand after the slope is shaped in steps. 9. The slope greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein planting and sowing are used together to vegetate both pioneer species and persistent species. The method for greening a slope according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein chitosan is mixed or adhered to the basic net. Filling and supporting vegetation base material, in the greening protection fence used for slope greening method to plant and sow the vegetation base material,
An earth retaining fence constructed using thinned wood,
Characterized in that the retaining fence and a restraint spanning over the slope above the retaining fence,
Greening protection fence. A wooden retaining fence constructed on the target slope, a restraint spanning between the retaining fence and a slope above the retaining fence, and a vegetation base filled inside the retaining fence And a plant that performs planting or sowing on the vegetation base material, and while the restraint member supports the load applied to the retaining fence, the root of the plant planted on the vegetation base material A greening structure on the slope characterized by surrounding the trunk.

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