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JP2004269431A - Organic semiconductor - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP2004269431A
JP2004269431A JP2003062929A JP2003062929A JP2004269431A JP 2004269431 A JP2004269431 A JP 2004269431A JP 2003062929 A JP2003062929 A JP 2003062929A JP 2003062929 A JP2003062929 A JP 2003062929A JP 2004269431 A JP2004269431 A JP 2004269431A
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organic
carbon
organic semiconductor
molecular weight
aromatic hydrocarbon
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Inventor
Junichi Hanna
純一 半那
Fumiyoshi Watanabe
史宜 渡邉
Takasuke Shigematsu
隆助 重松
Takatsugu Fujiura
隆次 藤浦
Takashi Kojima
孝 小島
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

【課題】良好な薄膜形成性を有し、一度に広い面積の膜を安価に形成できる有機溶媒に可溶で、商用生産性にすぐれた有機半導体を提供する。
【解決手段】ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、ピレンおよびこれらの二種類以上の混合物から選ばれた縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類を重縮合して得られる分子量800以下の芳香族炭化水素であって、その環状骨格炭素中に占めるSP炭素の割合が0.85以上であることを特徴とする有機半導体を用いる。
【選択図】なし
An organic semiconductor having excellent thin film forming properties, being soluble in an organic solvent capable of forming a large area film at a time at low cost, and having excellent commercial productivity is provided.
An aromatic hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of 800 or less obtained by polycondensing a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon selected from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and a mixture of two or more thereof, the ratio of SP 2 carbon occupying its cyclic skeleton in carbon an organic semiconductor, characterized in that at least 0.85.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規な有機半導体化合物に関する。更に詳しくは、縮合多環芳香族炭化水素を重縮合して得られる特定の環状骨格構造を有する有機半導体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機半導体は、有機トランジスタ、有機太陽電池、有機受光センサー、有機超伝導素子、さらには有機固体レーザー等、半導体素子としての可能性が示され、近年、広範に実用展開される期待が高まっている。一般に有機材料を用いる有機半導体は、その有機材料が含まれる溶液を塗布し乾燥させることで一度に広い面積の膜を安価に形成可能であり、しかも高温に弱いプラスチック基板の上にも作ることができることから、素子製造プロセスの大幅な簡素化にともなう設備投資額・生産コストの大幅低減化が期待されるばかりでなく、プラスチックの液晶ディスプレイやエレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイなど軽量でフレキシブルなディスプレイの創生が可能となるものと期待されている。これら有機半導体としては、低分子系の化合物とπ共役ポリマー系化合物が知られており、詳しく解説された総説(非特許文献1参照。)も発表されている。
【0003】
本発明のような低分子系化合物としては、たとえばペンタセンなどの高縮合度の芳香族化合物(例えば、特許文献1参照。)、酸素、硫黄、窒素等の元素を骨格中に含んだヘテロ芳香族化合物(例えば、特許文献2参照。)、フタロシアニン系キレート金属錯体(例えば、特許文献3参照。)、液晶性化合物(例えば、特許文献4参照。)等が知られている。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらの材料で高性能が期待されるほとんどの化合物は実質的に有機溶媒に不溶である。そのため、縮合多環芳香族化合物やπ共役オリゴマー、金属錯体などの製膜では真空蒸着法を採用せざるを得なかったり、あるいはあらかじめ非共役の可溶性前駆体ないしはそのポリマーの溶剤を用いて薄膜化した後に脱置換基反応等により共役系に変換するなどの必要があり、商用生産性に優れた方法とは言えず、上記の有機半導体を用いるメリットを十分発揮できるものとはなっていない。
【0005】
【特許文献1】特開平5−55568号公報
【特許文献2】特開平11−195790号公報
【特許文献3】特開平11−251601号公報
【特許文献4】特開平9−316442号公報
【非特許文献1】J. M. Shaw 等、“Organic electronics”、IBM J. RES. & DEV., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001, Page3−139, International Business Machines Corporation)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決し、一度に広い面積の膜を安価に形成できる有機溶媒に可溶で商用生産性に優れた有機半導体を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の課題を解決するため鋭意検討した結果、縮合多環芳香族炭化水素を重縮合して得られる特定の分子量を有し、特定の環状骨格構造を有した化合物が、溶媒可溶性でかつ良好な半導体性能を有することを見出し本発明に達した。すなわち本発明の有機半導体は、縮合多環芳香族炭化水素を重縮合して得られる分子量800以下の芳香族炭化水素であって、その環状骨格炭素中に占めるSP炭素の割合が0.85以上であることを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
本発明で重縮合反応に用いられる縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類としては、ナフタレン、アセナフテン、アセナフチレン、アントラセン、フェナンスレン、ピレン、クリセン、1,2−ベンズアントラセン、2,3−ベンズアントラセン、ペリレンおよびこれらにアルキル基が置換された化合物などが例示される。特にナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナンスレン、ピレンが工業的に入手が容易なことから特に好ましい。これらは単独で用いられてもよく二種類以上が混合されて用いられてもよい。
【0009】
これらの縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類を重縮合し、二つ以上の分子が結合した骨格構造を得る方法としては、縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類をハロゲン化物にした後に二量化する方法、金属カリウムや酸などの触媒を用いて重縮合する方法などが挙げられるが特に制限はない。例えば、酸触媒の存在下に縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類を重縮合する方法としては、弗化水素/三弗化ホウ素を用いる方法を挙げることができる。この触媒を用いた縮合多環芳香族炭化水素の重縮合反応では、アントラセンやフェナントレンから図1に示したような化合物が得られることが知られている(I.Mochida等, “STRUCTURE AND CARBONIZATION PROPERTIES OF PICHES PRODUCED CATALYTICALLY FROM AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH HF/BF3”,Carbon, Vol.26, No.6,pp.843−852,1988, Pergamon Press plc)。
【0010】
なお、上記方法によれば、異なった環状構造を有したオリゴマーの混合物が得られるが、必要により特定成分の分離や分取を行なったり、あるいは/さらに(脱)水素化反応等を施し、本発明に規定される骨格構造になるように調整される。特定成分を分離・分取するには、一般に有機溶媒による抽出や有機溶媒を用いたカラム分離などの方法が用いられる。
【0011】
また、(脱)水素化は試薬や触媒を用いた公知の方法を適用できるが、これらは縮重合反応直後に得られたオリゴマーに直接行ってもよく、また分離や分取を行った後に施してもよい。なおこのようにして得られた環状骨格を有する化合物は、単一物質であってもよいし二つ以上の成分の混合物であってもよい。またその骨格上に置換基を有していても良く、また未置換でもよい。置換基を有する場合は、炭素数1〜24の脂肪族鎖状置換基が好ましい。
【0012】
本発明の有機半導体の分子量は800以下である。また2種類以上のオリゴマー混合物を採用する場合にも、分子量800を超える分子を実質的に含まないことが重要である。これを超える過度に高い分子量を有する化合物やこれらを含有する化合物では溶媒溶解性が極端に低下したり、安定した性能を長期に維持することができず、本発明の目的を達することが困難となる。オリゴマー域の分子量測定には、電界脱離イオン化質量スペクトル法(FD−MS)が好適に用いられる。
【0013】
また本発明の有機半導体の環状骨格部は、その芳香族環構造(SP炭素)と脂肪族環構造(SP炭素)が特定範囲の割合を有することを特徴とする。本発明において環状骨格中の芳香族環構造と脂肪族環構造の割合は、全環状骨格炭素に占めるSP炭素の割合(以下「SP炭素指数」と称する)として定義される。これは、13C−NMRで測定される(SP炭素に由来するピーク面積の和)/(全環状炭素のピーク面積の和)から求められる。但し、SP炭素のケミカルシフトは115〜150ppmの範囲とする。二種類以上の混合物を有機半導体として用いる場合のSP炭素指数は、その混合物の平均値として定義される。ここでSP炭素指数は、環状骨格上に置換基を有しない化合物の場合には、全炭素中のSP炭素の割合と一致する。一方、環状骨格上に側鎖置換基を有する場合のSP炭素指数は、脱水素処理により脂肪族環構造を芳香族環構造に変換して得られる化合物の13C−NMR測定により全炭素に占める側鎖SP炭素の割合を測定し、目的化合物のSP炭素から側鎖SP炭素分を補正して求められる。
【0014】
本発明において、用いられる有機半導体のSP炭素指数は0.85以上である。SP炭素指数が0.85未満の場合には溶媒への溶解性も高く薄膜形成は容易となるがπ共役系の不足と巨視的分子配向が阻害されキャリア輸送能が低下する。また本発明の範囲ではあるが、SP炭素指数が1に近かったりあるいは脂肪族環構造をまったく有せず、かつ分子量が600を超える場合には、一般に有機溶媒に対する溶解性が低下するばかりでなく、溶媒乾燥時に高分子量化合物の結晶が析出するなどの問題が出やすくなることから、効率良く均質な薄膜を形成することが次第に困難となる。この場合には、その環状骨格上に炭素数1〜24の脂肪族鎖状置換基を1つ以上有することが特に好ましい。
【0015】
これらの置換基の導入法は特に制限されず、あらかじめこれらの置換基を有した縮合多環芳香族炭化水素を原料として前述の重縮合反応を行ったり、あるいは未置換の縮合多環芳香族炭化水素を重縮合反応した後に公知のアルキル化法等により置換基を導入することができ、またはこれらの両方の方法を組み合わせることも可能である。
【0016】
本発明の有機半導体は、溶媒に溶解されて膜状に形成されるが、その際の溶液塗布方法には特に制限はなく、印刷法、スピンコート法、浸漬法、キャスティング法等公知の方法を用いることができる。また塗布液の溶液濃度は一般に0.005〜10wt%であり、好ましくは0.01〜5wt%であるが、採用される塗布方法と所望膜厚とにより適宜選択される。この際に使用される有機溶媒も特に制限されないが、200℃以下の沸点を有する溶媒が好ましい。
【0017】
一般に半導体薄膜内のキャリア輸送は、分子内ではπ電子共役系の軌道により、また分子間ではホッピング伝導により移動するとされており、π共役の発達した芳香族構造を高密度に有する化合物が、分子間のπオーバーラップが容易になるように巨視的分子配向を伴って薄膜化されることが望ましい。本発明にかかる有機半導体は、一般に有機半導体が使用される用途に好適に用いることができる。また、その際の素子の具体的構成法には制限されない。
【0018】
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明する。
(実施例1)
攪拌機付3Lのオートクレーブにアントラセン0.3モル、HF1.8モル、BF0.15モル仕込み、20℃で3時間重合させた後、氷水内に抜き出した。この溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出した。この有機層を水で洗浄し触媒を完全に取り除いた後にジクロロメタンをエバポレーターで留去し、更にメタノールで洗浄してモノマー成分を取り除いた。以上の操作により得たサンプルのFD−MSスペクトルを測定したところアントラセンの2、3、4量体相当からなる混合物(分子量354〜712:図2)であることが分かった。また13C−NMR法より求めたSP炭素指数は0.90であった。この重合物はクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して充分な溶解性を有していた。これをクロロホルム1wt%溶液として櫛形ITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより100nmの均一な有機薄膜を得た。この有機薄膜上にアルミニウムを蒸着した。これによって、有効面積0.04cmの素子を作成した(図3)。ITO電極をプラス極、アルミニウム電極をマイナス極として0.01から50Vの直流電圧を印加しておき、354nmの紫外光をITO電極側から照射したところ、良好な光電流が観測され、本化合物はキャリアー生成能に優れていることが分かった。また、50Vで30秒間の間欠光照射下の光電流を観測したが劣化は認められず安定した光電流を観測することができた(図4)。
【0019】
(実施例2)
実施例1で得られた重合物1.00グラムにジクロロジシアノキノン(DDQ)0.637グラムを加え、ベンゼン溶媒中で3時間還流し脱水素反応を行った。副生したジクロロジシアノハイドロキノン沈殿物をガラスフィルターでろ過した後に溶媒を留去して反応生成物を得た。得られた精製サンプルはアントラセンの2、3量体(分子量352〜530:図5)であり、SP炭素指数は1.00であった。このサンプルはクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対してわずかながら溶解性を示し、クロロホルム0.01wt%溶液を用いてITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより70nmの均一な有機薄膜を形成した後、アルミニウム電極を蒸着し素子を作成した。以後実施例1と同様の条件で光電流ならびにその安定性を調べたところ、良好な光電流を観測することができた。
【0020】
(比較例1)
HF−BF(触媒モル比:フェナントレン/HF/BF=1/6/0.5)を用いてフェナントレン53.4gを反応温度20℃で自生圧下に3時間重合させた後、氷水内に抜き出した。この溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出した。この有機層を水で洗浄し触媒を完全に取り除いた後に有機溶媒をエバポレーターで蒸発させることにより重合物を得た。この重合物中には分子量800を超えるフェナントレン5〜9量体相当の高分子量成分が含まれていた(図6)。この重合物はクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して充分な溶解性を示したが、トルエン1wt%溶液を用いてITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより200nmの塗膜を形成したところ、随所に“ぶつ”が発生し均一な有機薄膜は形成できなかった。更にアルミニウム電極を蒸着させて素子を作成し光電流の観測を行おうとしたが、5Vの電圧印加直後から減衰し安定した光電流を得ることができなかった(図7)。
【0021】
(実施例3)
比較例1で得た重合物をアセトン、メタノールを用いて分画し高分子量成分を除去した。得られた精製サンプルはフェナントレンの2,3,4量体相当(分子量352〜708:図8)であった。13C−NMRより求めたSP炭素指数は、0.91であった。この重合物はクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して1wt%程度溶解した。このクロロホルム1wt%溶液をITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより200nmの均一な有機薄膜を形成した後、アルミニウム電極を蒸着し素子を作成した。以後実施例1と同様の条件で光電流ならびにその安定性を調べたところ、良好な光電流を観測することができた。
【0022】
(実施例4)
超強酸HF−BF(触媒モル比:ピレン/HF/BF=1/6/0.5)を用いてピレン60.6gを反応温度20℃で自生圧下に3時間重合させた後、氷水内に抜き出した。この溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出した。この有機層を水で洗浄し触媒を完全に取り除いた後に有機溶媒をエバポレーターで蒸発させた後、エタノールで洗浄してモノマーを取り除いた。得られた生成物はピレンの2量体相当(分子量402、404:図9)であり、13C−NMRより求めたSP炭素指数は0.92であった。この重合物はクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して0.01wt%程度溶解した。このクロロホルム0.01wt%溶液をITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより70nmの均一な有機薄膜を形成した後、アルミニウム電極を蒸着し素子を作成した。以後実施例1と同様の条件で光電流ならびにその安定性を調べたところ、良好な光電流を観測することができた。
【0023】
(比較例2)
HF−BF(触媒モル比:アントラセン/HF/BF=1/6/0.5)を用いてアントラセン53.4gを反応温度80℃で自生圧下に3時間重合させた後、氷水内に抜き出した。この溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出した。この有機層を水で洗浄し触媒を完全に取り除いた後に有機溶媒をエバポレーターで蒸発させることにより目的重合物を得た。この重合物はアントラセンの2〜13量体相当からなる混合物で、分子量800以上の化合物が相当混入したものであり(図10)、13C−NMRより求めたSP炭素指数は、0.83であった。この重合物はクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して充分な溶解性を示し、トルエン1wt%溶液を用いてITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にキャスティングすることにより700nmの均一な有機薄膜が形成できた。アルミニウム電極を蒸着させて素子を作成し実施例1と同様の条件で評価を行ったところ、光電流は観測されたが、光電流発生直後から減衰し安定した光電流を得ることができなかった。
【0024】
(実施例5)
実施例2の重合物(SP炭素指数1.00、分子量352〜530)1.0gにn−オクタン酸クロリド3g、塩化アルミニウム2.5gを加え、ベンゼン溶媒中0℃で30分攪拌したのちに、ガラスフィルターでろ過し、アシル化物を得た。この生成物を0.5g、KOH3.4グラム、ヒドラジン一水和物10mlをジエチレングリコール100ml中で混合し、180℃で3時間加熱した。冷却後、この溶液をエーテルで抽出し、エーテル層を洗浄、乾燥を行い、溶媒を留去することによりn−ノニル基が環状骨格上に置換されたSP炭素指数1.00、分子量478〜786の生成物を得た(図11)。このサンプルはクロロホルム、トルエン等の有機溶媒に対して充分な溶解性を示し、クロロホルム1wt%溶液を用いてITO透明電極を設けたガラス基板上にスピンコートすることにより150nmの均一な有機薄膜を形成した後、アルミニウム電極を蒸着し素子を作成した。以後実施例1と同様の条件で光電流ならびにその安定性を調べたところ、良好な光電流を観測することができた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明の有機半導体は、溶媒溶解性に優れかつ良好な薄膜形成性を示すので、低温で一度に広い面積に膜を形成でき工業上有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類の重縮合により得られる化合物の例である。
【図2】実施例1の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図3】本発明の有機半導体の評価に用いた素子構造を示す模式図である。
【図4】実施例1での光電流の観測結果である。
【図5】実施例2の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図6】比較例1の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図7】比較例1での光電流の観測結果である。
【図8】実施例3の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図9】実施例4の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図10】比較例2の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
【図11】実施例5の有機半導体の分子量分布を示すFD−MSスペクトラムである。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel organic semiconductor compound. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic semiconductor having a specific cyclic skeleton structure obtained by polycondensing a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Organic semiconductors have shown potential as semiconductor devices, such as organic transistors, organic solar cells, organic light-receiving sensors, organic superconducting devices, and even organic solid-state lasers. In recent years, expectations for widespread practical use have increased. . In general, organic semiconductors that use organic materials can form a large-area film at a low cost by applying and drying a solution containing the organic material, and can also be formed on plastic substrates that are sensitive to high temperatures. As a result, not only is it expected to significantly reduce capital investment and production costs due to drastic simplification of the device manufacturing process, but it is also possible to create lightweight and flexible displays such as plastic liquid crystal displays and electroluminescent displays. It is expected to be. As these organic semiconductors, low-molecular compounds and π-conjugated polymer compounds are known, and a detailed review (see Non-Patent Document 1) has also been published.
[0003]
Examples of the low molecular weight compound as in the present invention include a highly condensed aromatic compound such as pentacene (see, for example, Patent Document 1), a heteroaromatic containing an element such as oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen in its skeleton. Compounds (for example, see Patent Literature 2), phthalocyanine-based chelate metal complexes (for example, see Patent Literature 3), liquid crystal compounds (for example, see Patent Literature 4), and the like are known.
[0004]
However, most compounds expected to have high performance in these materials are practically insoluble in organic solvents. For this reason, vacuum deposition must be employed in the formation of films of condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds, π-conjugated oligomers, metal complexes, etc., or thin films must be formed using a non-conjugated soluble precursor or a polymer solvent in advance. After that, it is necessary to convert to a conjugated system by a desubstituent reaction or the like, which cannot be said to be a method excellent in commercial productivity, and has not been able to sufficiently exhibit the merits of using the above organic semiconductor.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-5-55568 [Patent Document 2] JP-A-11-195790 [Patent Document 3] JP-A-11-251601 [Patent Document 4] JP-A 9-316442 [Non-Patent Document 4] Patent Document 1 [J. M. Shaw et al., "Organic electronics", IBM J. Org. RES. & DEV. , VOL. 45, NO. 1, JANARY 2001, Page 3-139, International Business Machines Corporation)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide an organic semiconductor which is soluble in an organic solvent capable of forming a large-area film at a low cost at once and has excellent commercial productivity.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-described problems, and have a specific molecular weight obtained by polycondensation of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and a compound having a specific cyclic skeleton structure, The inventors have found that they are solvent-soluble and have good semiconductor performance, and have reached the present invention. That is, the organic semiconductor of the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of 800 or less obtained by polycondensation of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and the proportion of SP 2 carbon in the cyclic skeleton carbon is 0.85. The above is the feature.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically.
Examples of the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons used in the polycondensation reaction in the present invention include naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 2,3-benzanthracene, perylene and Examples thereof include compounds in which an alkyl group is substituted. Particularly, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are particularly preferable because they are industrially easily available. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0009]
As a method of polycondensing these condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obtaining a skeleton structure in which two or more molecules are bonded, a method of dimerizing the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after converting them into halides, Examples include a method of performing polycondensation using a catalyst such as metal potassium or an acid, but there is no particular limitation. For example, as a method of polycondensing condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of an acid catalyst, a method using hydrogen fluoride / boron trifluoride can be exemplified. In the polycondensation reaction of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon using this catalyst, it is known that a compound as shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained from anthracene or phenanthrene (I. Mochida et al., “STRUCTURE AND CARBONIZATION PROPERTIES”. OF PICCHES PRODUCED CATALYTICALLY FROM AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH HF / BF3 ", Carbon, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 842-852, 1988, Pergamon Press plc).
[0010]
According to the above-mentioned method, a mixture of oligomers having different cyclic structures can be obtained. However, if necessary, a specific component is separated or fractionated, and / or a (de) hydrogenation reaction is performed. It is adjusted so as to have a skeletal structure defined in the invention. In order to separate and fractionate a specific component, a method such as extraction with an organic solvent or column separation using an organic solvent is generally used.
[0011]
Known methods using reagents and catalysts can be applied for (de) hydrogenation, but these methods may be directly applied to the oligomer obtained immediately after the condensation polymerization reaction, or may be applied after separation or fractionation. You may. The compound having a cyclic skeleton thus obtained may be a single substance or a mixture of two or more components. Further, it may have a substituent on its skeleton or may be unsubstituted. When it has a substituent, an aliphatic chain substituent having 1 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable.
[0012]
The molecular weight of the organic semiconductor of the present invention is 800 or less. Also when employing a mixture of two or more oligomers, it is important that the mixture does not substantially contain a molecule having a molecular weight of more than 800. Compounds having an excessively high molecular weight exceeding this or compounds containing them have extremely low solvent solubility or cannot maintain stable performance for a long period of time, making it difficult to achieve the object of the present invention. Become. For the measurement of the molecular weight in the oligomer region, electric field desorption / ionization mass spectrometry (FD-MS) is suitably used.
[0013]
Further, the cyclic skeleton of the organic semiconductor of the present invention is characterized in that the aromatic ring structure (SP 2 carbon) and the aliphatic ring structure (SP 3 carbon) have a ratio in a specific range. In the present invention, the ratio of the aromatic ring structure to the aliphatic ring structure in the cyclic skeleton is defined as the ratio of SP 2 carbon to the total cyclic skeleton carbon (hereinafter referred to as “SP 2 carbon index”). This is determined from (sum of peak areas derived from SP 2 carbon) / (sum of peak areas of all cyclic carbons) measured by 13 C-NMR. However, the chemical shift of SP 2 carbon is in the range of 115~150ppm. SP 2 carbon index when a mixture of two or more organic semiconductor is defined as the average value of the mixture. Here SP 2 carbon index, in the case of compounds having no substituent on the cyclic skeleton is consistent with the proportion of SP 2 carbon in total carbon. On the other hand, the SP 2 carbon index in the case of having a side chain substituent on the cyclic skeleton is calculated based on 13 C-NMR measurement of a compound obtained by converting an aliphatic ring structure to an aromatic ring structure by dehydrogenation treatment. The ratio of the occupying side chain SP 3 carbon is measured, and the side chain SP 3 carbon is corrected from the SP 3 carbon of the target compound.
[0014]
In the present invention, SP 2 carbon index of the organic semiconductor employed is at least 0.85. SP 2 solubility higher film formation of carbon index a solvent in the case of less than 0.85 is facilitated inhibited lack a macroscopic molecular orientation of π-conjugated carrier transport ability is lowered. Also, within the scope of the present invention, when the SP 2 carbon index is close to 1 or does not have an aliphatic ring structure at all and the molecular weight exceeds 600, the solubility in an organic solvent generally decreases only. In addition, problems such as precipitation of high molecular weight compound crystals during solvent drying are likely to occur, and it becomes increasingly difficult to efficiently form a homogeneous thin film. In this case, it is particularly preferable that the cyclic skeleton has at least one aliphatic chain substituent having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
[0015]
The method for introducing these substituents is not particularly limited, and the above-mentioned polycondensation reaction may be carried out using a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having these substituents in advance as a raw material, or an unsubstituted condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon may be used. After the polycondensation reaction of hydrogen, a substituent can be introduced by a known alkylation method or the like, or both methods can be combined.
[0016]
The organic semiconductor of the present invention is formed in the form of a film by being dissolved in a solvent, but the solution coating method at that time is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a printing method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or a casting method may be used. Can be used. The solution concentration of the coating solution is generally 0.005 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, but is appropriately selected depending on the coating method to be used and the desired film thickness. The organic solvent used at this time is not particularly limited, but a solvent having a boiling point of 200 ° C. or lower is preferable.
[0017]
In general, carrier transport in a semiconductor thin film is said to move by orbit of a π-electron conjugated system within a molecule and by hopping conduction between molecules. It is desirable that the film be thinned with macroscopic molecular orientation so that the π overlap between them becomes easy. The organic semiconductor according to the present invention can be suitably used for applications where an organic semiconductor is generally used. Further, there is no particular limitation on the specific configuration of the element at that time.
[0018]
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples.
(Example 1)
0.3 mol of anthracene, 1.8 mol of HF and 0.15 mol of BF 3 were charged into a 3 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer, polymerized at 20 ° C. for 3 hours, and then extracted into ice water. This solution was extracted with dichloromethane. After the organic layer was washed with water to completely remove the catalyst, dichloromethane was distilled off with an evaporator, and further washed with methanol to remove monomer components. When the FD-MS spectrum of the sample obtained by the above operation was measured, it was found that the mixture was a mixture (molecular weight: 354 to 712: FIG. 2) consisting of 2,3,4 and tetramers of anthracene. The SP 2 carbon index determined from 13 C-NMR method was 0.90. This polymer had sufficient solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. This was applied as a 1 wt% solution in chloroform and spin-coated on a glass substrate provided with a comb-shaped ITO transparent electrode to obtain a uniform organic thin film of 100 nm. Aluminum was deposited on the organic thin film. As a result, a device having an effective area of 0.04 cm 2 was produced (FIG. 3). When a direct current voltage of 0.01 to 50 V was applied with the ITO electrode being a positive electrode and the aluminum electrode being a negative electrode, and 354 nm ultraviolet light was irradiated from the ITO electrode side, a good photocurrent was observed. It turned out that it was excellent in carrier generation ability. The photocurrent under intermittent light irradiation at 50 V for 30 seconds was observed, but no deterioration was observed, and a stable photocurrent was observed (FIG. 4).
[0019]
(Example 2)
0.637 g of dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ) was added to 1.00 g of the polymer obtained in Example 1, and the mixture was refluxed for 3 hours in a benzene solvent to carry out a dehydrogenation reaction. The dichlorodicyanohydroquinone precipitate by-produced was filtered through a glass filter, and then the solvent was distilled off to obtain a reaction product. The resulting purified samples 2,3-mer anthracene: a (molecular weight 352 to 530 Figure 5), SP 2 carbon index was 1.00. This sample shows a slight solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. A uniform organic thin film of 70 nm is obtained by spin-coating a 0.01 wt% solution of chloroform on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode. Was formed, and an aluminum electrode was deposited to form an element. Thereafter, when the photocurrent and the stability thereof were examined under the same conditions as in Example 1, a favorable photocurrent could be observed.
[0020]
(Comparative Example 1)
Using HF-BF 3 (catalyst molar ratio: phenanthrene / HF / BF 3 = 1/6 / 0.5), 53.4 g of phenanthrene was polymerized at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C. under autogenous pressure for 3 hours, and then placed in ice water. I took it out. This solution was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water to completely remove the catalyst, and then the organic solvent was evaporated by an evaporator to obtain a polymer. This polymer contained a high-molecular-weight component corresponding to a phenanthrene 5 to 9-mer having a molecular weight of more than 800 (FIG. 6). Although this polymer showed sufficient solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene, a 200 nm coating film was obtained by spin-coating a 1 wt% solution of toluene on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode. As a result, bumps occurred everywhere and a uniform organic thin film could not be formed. Further, an aluminum electrode was vapor-deposited to prepare a device, and an attempt was made to observe the photocurrent. However, the photocurrent was attenuated immediately after the application of a voltage of 5 V, and a stable photocurrent could not be obtained (FIG. 7).
[0021]
(Example 3)
The polymer obtained in Comparative Example 1 was fractionated using acetone and methanol to remove high molecular weight components. The obtained purified sample was equivalent to the 2,3,4-mer of phenanthrene (molecular weight: 352-708: FIG. 8). The SP 2 carbon index determined from 13 C-NMR was 0.91. This polymer was dissolved in an organic solvent such as chloroform and toluene in an amount of about 1% by weight. This chloroform 1 wt% solution was spin-coated on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode to form a uniform organic thin film of 200 nm, and then an aluminum electrode was vapor-deposited to form a device. Thereafter, when the photocurrent and the stability thereof were examined under the same conditions as in Example 1, a favorable photocurrent could be observed.
[0022]
(Example 4)
After polymerizing 60.6 g of pyrene at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C. under autogenous pressure for 3 hours using a super strong acid HF-BF 3 (catalyst molar ratio: pyrene / HF / BF 3 = 1/6 / 0.5), ice water Pulled out inside. This solution was extracted with dichloromethane. After the organic layer was washed with water to completely remove the catalyst, the organic solvent was evaporated by an evaporator, and then washed with ethanol to remove monomers. The obtained product was equivalent to a dimer of pyrene (molecular weight 402, 404: FIG. 9), and the SP 2 carbon index determined by 13 C-NMR was 0.92. This polymer was dissolved in an organic solvent such as chloroform and toluene in an amount of about 0.01% by weight. A uniform organic thin film having a thickness of 70 nm was formed by spin-coating a 0.01 wt% solution of this chloroform on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode, and then an aluminum electrode was deposited to form a device. Thereafter, when the photocurrent and the stability thereof were examined under the same conditions as in Example 1, a favorable photocurrent could be observed.
[0023]
(Comparative Example 2)
After polymerizing 53.4 g of anthracene at a reaction temperature of 80 ° C. under autogenous pressure for 3 hours using HF-BF 3 (catalyst molar ratio: anthracene / HF / BF 3 = 1/6 / 0.5), the mixture was placed in ice water. I took it out. This solution was extracted with dichloromethane. After the organic layer was washed with water to completely remove the catalyst, the organic solvent was evaporated by an evaporator to obtain a target polymer. The polymer is a mixture consisting of 2 to 13 mer corresponding anthracene, molecular weight 800 or more compound is obtained by corresponding mixed (FIG. 10), SP 2 carbon index determined from 13 C-NMR is 0.83 Met. This polymer shows sufficient solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene, and a uniform organic thin film of 700 nm is formed by casting a 1 wt% solution of toluene on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode. did it. A device was prepared by depositing an aluminum electrode and evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, a photocurrent was observed, but the photocurrent was attenuated immediately after the generation of the photocurrent and a stable photocurrent could not be obtained. .
[0024]
(Example 5)
Example 2 of polymer (SP 2 Carbon Index 1.00, molecular weight three hundred and fifty-two to five hundred thirty) 1.0 g in n- octanoic acid chloride 3g, aluminum chloride 2.5g was added, after stirring for 30 minutes at benzene solvent 0 ℃ Then, the mixture was filtered through a glass filter to obtain an acylated product. 0.5 g of this product, 3.4 g of KOH and 10 ml of hydrazine monohydrate were mixed in 100 ml of diethylene glycol and heated at 180 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling, the solution was extracted with ether, the ether layer washed, and dried, SP 2 Carbon Index 1.00 n-nonyl group substituted onto the cyclic skeleton by distilling off the solvent, molecular weight 478~ 786 product was obtained (FIG. 11). This sample shows sufficient solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. A uniform organic thin film of 150 nm is formed by spin-coating a 1 wt% solution of chloroform on a glass substrate provided with an ITO transparent electrode. After that, an aluminum electrode was deposited to form an element. Thereafter, when the photocurrent and the stability thereof were examined under the same conditions as in Example 1, a favorable photocurrent could be observed.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The organic semiconductor of the present invention is excellent in solvent solubility and exhibits good thin-film forming properties, so that a film can be formed over a wide area at a low temperature at a time, and is industrially useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an example of a compound obtained by polycondensation of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
FIG. 2 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an element structure used for evaluating an organic semiconductor of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an observation result of a photocurrent in Example 1.
FIG. 5 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Example 2.
FIG. 6 is an FD-MS spectrum showing a molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 7 is a photocurrent observation result in Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 8 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Example 3.
FIG. 9 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Example 4.
FIG. 10 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 11 is an FD-MS spectrum showing the molecular weight distribution of the organic semiconductor of Example 5.

Claims (3)

縮合多環芳香族炭化水素類を重縮合して得られる分子量800以下の芳香族炭化水素であって、その環状骨格炭素中に占めるSP炭素の割合が0.85以上であることを特徴とする有機半導体。An aromatic hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of 800 or less obtained by polycondensation of a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the ratio of SP 2 carbon in the cyclic skeleton carbon is 0.85 or more. Organic semiconductors. 縮合多環芳香族炭化水素が、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、ピレンおよびこれらの二種類以上の混合物からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とするの有機半導体。An organic semiconductor, wherein the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and a mixture of two or more thereof. 環状骨格上に炭素数1以上24以下の鎖状脂肪族炭化水素置換基を少なくても一つ以上有することを特徴とする請求項1および請求項2に記載の有機半導体。The organic semiconductor according to claim 1, further comprising at least one linear aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent having 1 to 24 carbon atoms on the cyclic skeleton.
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Cited By (3)

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WO2005087390A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-22 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Thin film of condensed polycyclc aromatic compound, and method for preparing thin film of condensed polycyclc aromatic compound
JP2007059515A (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Fujifilm Corp Photoelectric conversion film, photoelectric conversion element, imaging element, and method of applying electric field to them
JP2013534936A (en) * 2010-06-04 2013-09-09 トンジ ユニバーシティ Method for producing polyanthracene and use thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005087390A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-22 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Thin film of condensed polycyclc aromatic compound, and method for preparing thin film of condensed polycyclc aromatic compound
US7595093B2 (en) 2004-03-10 2009-09-29 Asahi Kasei Corporation Condensed polycyclic aromatic compound thin film and method for preparing condensed polycyclic aromatic compound thin film
JP2007059515A (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-08 Fujifilm Corp Photoelectric conversion film, photoelectric conversion element, imaging element, and method of applying electric field to them
JP2013534936A (en) * 2010-06-04 2013-09-09 トンジ ユニバーシティ Method for producing polyanthracene and use thereof
US8735537B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2014-05-27 Tongji University Methods of producing polyanthracene and uses thereof
US9290610B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2016-03-22 Tongji University Methods of producing polyanthracene and uses thereof

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