JP2004079414A - Organic electroluminescent element - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent element Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004079414A JP2004079414A JP2002240513A JP2002240513A JP2004079414A JP 2004079414 A JP2004079414 A JP 2004079414A JP 2002240513 A JP2002240513 A JP 2002240513A JP 2002240513 A JP2002240513 A JP 2002240513A JP 2004079414 A JP2004079414 A JP 2004079414A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 53
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- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 51
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OWEOYUSGIQAOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylphenyl)-n-[4-[4-[3-(2-methylphenyl)anilino]phenyl]phenyl]aniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(NC=3C=C(C=CC=3)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=CC=2)=C1 OWEOYUSGIQAOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子、詳しくは駆動時の安定性に優れた長寿命の有機エレクトロルミネッセント(以下有機ELと略す)素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機EL素子は、電界を印加することにより、陽極より注入された正孔と陰極より注入された電子の再結合エネルギーにより蛍光性物質が発光する原理を利用した自発光素子である。イーストマン・コダック社のC.W.Tangらによる積層型素子による低電圧駆動有機EL素子の報告(C.W.Tang、S.A.VanSlyke、アプライドフィジックスレターズ(Applied Physics Letters)、51巻、913頁、1987年 など)がなされて以来、有機材料を構成材料とする有機EL素子に関する研究が盛んに行われている。Tangらは、トリス(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウム錯体を発光層に、トリフェニルジアミン誘導体を正孔輸送層に用いている。積層構造の利点としては、発光層への正孔の注入効率を高めること、陰極より注入された電子をブロックして再結合により生成する励起子の生成効率を高めること、発光層内で生成した励起子を閉じこめることなどが挙げられる。この例のように有機EL素子の素子構造としては、正孔輸送(注入)層、電子輸送性発光層の2層型、又は正孔輸送(注入)層、発光層、電子輸送(注入)層の3層型等が良く知られている。こうした積層型構造素子では注入された正孔と電子の再結合効率を高めるため、素子構造や形成方法の工夫がなされている。また一方で、プロセスの簡便性の観点から有機層が単層構造をとる有機EL素子も検討されている。これらの素子においては積層型で用いられる正孔輸送材料、電子輸送材料、多くの発光材料のような正孔及び電子の両性輸送性の化合物などが用いられている。
【0003】
正孔輸送性材料としては、スターバースト分子である4,4′,4″−トリス(3−メチルフェニルフェニルアミノ)トリフェニルアミンやN,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−[1,1′−ビフェニル]−4,4′−ジアミン等のトリフェニルアミン誘導体や芳香族ジアミン誘導体がよく知られている(例えば、特開平8−20771号公報、特開平8−40995号公報、特開平8−40997号公報、特開平8−53397号公報、特開平8−87122号公報等)。
【0004】
電子輸送性材料としてはオキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体等がよく知られている。
【0005】
発光材料としてはトリス(8−キノリノラート)アルミニウム錯体等のキレート錯体、クマリン誘導体、テトラフェニルブタジエン誘導体、ビススチリルアリーレン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体等の発光材料が知られており、それらの発光色も青色から赤色までの可視領域の発光が得られることが報告されており、カラー表示素子の実現が期待されている(例えば、特開平8−239655号公報、特開平7−138561号公報、特開平3−200889号公報等)。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように有機EL素子の開発は非常に盛んに行われており、高輝度、長寿命な素子も報告されているものの、特に単層型素子においては素子の発光効率の点においては必ずしも充分なものとは言えず、高い発光効率を有する素子の開発が強く求められている。
【0007】
本発明の目的は、高輝度、高発光効率を有する単層型有機EL素子を提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
有機EL素子は陽極、陰極それぞれから注入された正孔と電子のうちの一部が再結合することなく対向する電極へ到達してしまうために、これがもれ電流となって素子の発光効率を低下させる要因となっていた。積層型有機EL素子においては、キャリア再結合確立を向上させるために正孔が電子輸送層へ注入されることを防ぐ正孔ブロッキング層や電子が正孔輸送層へ注入されることを防ぐ電子ブロッキング層を設けた素子構造が提唱されている。しかしながら、これらの素子では積層構造の層数が増えるために駆動電圧が上昇するなどの問題点があった。また単層型素子においてはこの問題に対する解決策は見出されていなかった。本発明の発明者らは、正孔及び電子が再結合せずに対向電極に到達することを抑制すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、陽極と陰極間に一つの有機薄膜層を有する有機EL素子において、前記有機薄膜層が有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合して正孔トラップを形成する化合物を電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域よりも陰極に近い領域に重量比で0.5〜30%含有することで、漏れ電流を防ぎ優れた発光効率を実現できることを見出した。また同様に、前記有機薄膜層が有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合して電子トラップを形成する化合物を電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域よりも陽極に近い領域に重量比で0.5〜30%含有することで、漏れ電流を防ぎ優れた発光効率を実現できることを見出した。また、本発明者らは有機薄膜層を形成する材料がこれに混合して正孔トラップを形成する化合物よりも大きいイオン化ポテンシャルを有しており、中でもその値の差が0.05eV以上1eV以下の場合に、特に効果的に発光効率が改善されることを見出した。また、有機薄膜層を形成する材料がこれに混合して電子トラップを形成する化合物よりも小さい還元電位を有しており、中でもその値の差が0.05eV以上1eV以下の場合に、特に効果的に発光効率が改善されることを見出した。
【0009】
すなわち本発明は、下記ア〜ケの各項に記載の有機EL素子である。
【0010】
ア:陽極と陰極間に一つの有機薄膜層を有する有機EL素子において、前記有機薄膜層が有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合して正孔トラップを形成する化合物を電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域よりも陰極に近い領域に重量比で0.5〜30%含有し、素子駆動時には前記正孔トラップを形成する化合物に起因する発光は観測されないことを特徴とする有機EL素子。
【0011】
イ:前記有機薄膜層を形成する材料のイオン化ポテンシャルの絶対値(A1)と、これに混合されて正孔トラップを形成する化合物のイオン化ポテンシャルの絶対値(A2)が、A2<A1の関係であることを特徴とする、上記ア項記載の有機EL素子。
【0012】
ウ:前記A1及びA2が、0.05eV<A1−A2<1eVの関係を満たすことを特徴とする、上記イ項記載の有機EL素子。
【0013】
エ:陽極と陰極間に一つの有機薄膜層を有する有機EL素子において、前記有機薄膜層が有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合して電子トラップを形成する化合物を電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域よりも陽極に近い領域に重量比で0.5〜30%含有し、素子駆動時には前記電子トラップを形成する化合物に起因する発光は観測されないことを特徴とする有機EL素子。
【0014】
オ:前記有機薄膜層を形成する材料の還元電位の絶対値(B1)と、これに混合されて電子トラップを形成する化合物の還元電位の絶対値(B2)が、B1<B2の関係であることを特徴とする、上記エ項記載の有機EL素子。
【0015】
カ:前記B1及びB2が、0.05eV<B2−B1<1eVの関係を満たすことを特徴とする、上記オ項記載の有機EL素子。
【0016】
キ:陽極と陰極間に一つの有機薄膜層を有する有機EL素子において、前記有機薄膜層が有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合されて電子トラップを形成する化合物を重量比で0.5〜30%含有する領域と有機薄膜層を形成する材料に混合されて正孔トラップを形成する化合物を重量比で0.5〜30%含有する領域を有すると共に、これらの2領域と電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域が陽極からみて前記電子トラップを形成する化合物を含む領域、電子−正孔再結合が行われる領域、前記正孔トラップを形成する化合物を含む領域の順に配置され、かつ素子駆動時には前記電子トラップを形成する化合物及び正孔トラップを形成する化合物に起因する発光は観測されないことを特徴とする有機EL素子。
【0017】
ク:前記有機薄膜層を形成する材料のイオン化ポテンシャルの絶対値(A1)と、これに混合されて正孔トラップを形成する化合物のイオン化ポテンシャルの絶対値(A2)が、A2<A1の関係であり、前記有機薄膜層を形成する材料の還元電位の絶対値(B1)と、これに混合されて電子トラップを形成する化合物の還元電位の絶対値(B2)が、B1<B2の関係であることを特徴とする、上記キ項記載の有機EL素子。
【0018】
ケ:前記A1及びA2が、0.05eV<A1−A2<1eVの関係を満たし、前記B1及びB2が、0.05eV<B2−B1<1eVの関係を満たすことを特徴とする、上記ク項記載の有機EL素子。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0020】
本発明における有機EL素子の素子構造は、陰極及び陽極の2つの電極間に有機層を挟み込んだ構造を持つ。またこれらの電極表面に、電荷注入特性の向上や絶縁破壊を抑制あるいは発光効率を向上させる目的で、弗化リチウム、弗化マグネシウム、一酸化珪素、二酸化珪素、窒化珪素等の無機の誘電体、絶縁体からなる薄膜層、あるいは有機層と電極材料又は金属との混合層、あるいはポリアニリン、ポリアセチレン誘導体、ポリジアセチレン誘導体、ポリビニルカルバゾール誘導体、ポリパラフェニレンビニレン誘導体等の有機高分子薄膜を形成しても構わない。
【0021】
本発明の有機薄膜層は単層型素子用発光材料、これと混合して正孔トラップを形成する化合物、あるいはこれと混合して電子トラップを形成する化合物、もしくはこれらの両方を含有して形成される。
【0022】
本発明に用いられる材料は特に限定されないが、例としては通常単層型及び積層型有機EL素子に用いられている化合物が挙げられる。例えば、下記のトリス(8−キノリノール)アルミニウム錯体(Alq3)[1]やビスジフェニルビニルビフェニル(BDPVBi)[2]、1,3−ビス(p−t−ブチルフェニル−1,3,4−オキサジアゾールイル)フェニル(OXD−7)[3]、N,N’−ビス(2,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド(BPPC)[4]、1,4ビス(p−トリル−p−メチルスチリルフェニル)−2,3−ジメチルナフタレン[5]、4−ジシアノメチレン−2−メチル−6−(p−ジメチルアミノスチリル)−4H−ピラン(DCM)[6]、2,3−キナクリドン[7]などのキナクリドン誘導体、3−(2’−ベンゾチアゾール)−7−ジエチルアミノクマリン[8]などのクマリン誘導体、ビス(2−メチル−8−ヒドロキシキノリン)−4−フェニルフェノール−アルミニウム錯体[9]、ペリレン[10]等の縮合多環芳香族、4,4’−ビス(m−トリルフェニルアミノ)ビフェニル (TPD)[11]、ルブレン[12]、ビス(ジ(p−トリル)アミノフェニル)−1,1−シクロヘキサン[13]、TPD[11]、N,N’−ジフェニル−N−N−ビス(1−ナフチル)−1,1’−ビフェニル)−4,4’−ジアミン(NPB)[14]等のトリフェニルジアミン類や、スターバースト型分子([15]〜[17]等)、2−(4−ビフェニリル)−5−(4−t−ブチルフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール(Bu−PBD)[18]、トリアゾール誘導体([19]、[20]等)、キノリノール系の金属錯体([21]〜[24]等)、フタロシアニン銅錯体[25]が挙げられる。
【0023】
【化1】
【0024】
【化2】
【0025】
【化3】
【0026】
【化4】
【0027】
上記の化合物はその電荷注入、発光特性やイオン化ポテンシャル、還元電位等の特性の他材料との組み合わせにより、単層型用発光材料、正孔トラップを形成する材料、電子トラップを形成する材料のいずれとしても用いることが可能である。ただし、有機薄膜層を形成する材料と、これに混合されてトラップを形成する化合物のイオン化ポテンシャルあるいは還元電位の差は、小さすぎると室温や駆動温度における熱エネルギ−によってトラップとして作用しなくなり、大きすぎるとトラップしようとする電荷の逆極性の電荷に対するバリアとして作用しやすくなるので、好ましくは0.05eVから1eVの間であることが望ましい。また、駆動時に発光層以外からの発光が観測されると素子の発光色の設計が困難となるため、正孔トラップあるいは電子トラップを形成する化合物を用いて有機EL素子を作成した場合に、駆動時にその化合物からの発光が観測されない組み合わせとなるよう化合物を選択する必要がある。
【0028】
本発明の有機EL素子に於ける各層の形成方法は特に限定されない。従来公知の真空蒸着法、スピンコーティング法等による形成方法を用いることができる。本発明の有機EL素子に用いる、前記の化合物を含有する有機薄膜層は、真空蒸着法、分子線蒸着法(MBE法)あるいは溶媒に溶かした溶液のディッピング法、スピンコーティング法、キャスティング法、バーコート法、ロールコート法等の塗布法による公知の方法で形成することができる。
【0029】
本発明に於ける有機EL素子の各有機層の膜厚は特に制限されないが、通常は数10nmから1μmの範囲が好ましい。
【0030】
ここで、この有機EL素子に於ける電極としては、陽極は正孔を有機薄膜層に注入する役割を担うものであり、4.5eV以上の仕事関数を有することが効果的である。
【0031】
本発明に用いられる陽極材料の具体例としては、酸化インジウム錫合金(ITO)、酸化錫(NESA)、金、銀、白金、銅等の金属又は酸化物、並びにこれらの混合物が適用できる。また陰極としては、有機薄膜層に電子を注入する目的で、仕事関数の小さい材料が好ましい。陰極材料は特に限定されないが、具体的にはインジウム、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、マグネシウム−インジウム合金、マグネシウム−アルミニウム合金、アルミニウム−リチウム合金、アルミニウム−スカンジウム−リチウム合金、マグネシウム−銀合金、並びにこれらの混合物等が使用できる。陽極及び陰極の形成方法は特に限定されない。従来公知の真空蒸着法、分子線蒸着法(MBE法)あるいは溶媒に溶かした溶液のディッピング法、スピンコーティング法、キャスティング法、バーコート法、ロールコート法等の塗布法や、塗布熱分解法などの公知の方法で形成することができる。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例をもとに詳細に説明するが、本発明はその主旨を越えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されない。
【0033】
表1に、実施例中で用いた化合物のイオン化ポテンシャルと還元電位を示す。
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
(実施例1)
実施例1に用いた素子の断面構造を図1に示す。素子は基板1上に形成された陽極2/有機薄膜層3/陰極4により構成されている。以下に本発明における実施例1に用いる有機薄膜EL素子の作製手順について説明する。
【0036】
ガラス基板1上にITOをスパッタリングによってシート抵抗が20Ω/□になるように製膜し、陽極2とした。その陽極2上に化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて50nmの厚さに形成した。
【0037】
次に化合物[5]と正孔トラップを形成する化合物[25]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着して作製した薄膜を10nmの厚さに形成した。その上に化合物[5]を真空蒸着して作製した薄膜を30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、陰極4として、マグネシウム−銀合金を真空蒸着法によって200nmの厚さに形成して有機EL素子を作製した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率1.3cd/Aの青色発光を得た。このとき化合物[25]に起因する発光は観測されなかった。
【0038】
(比較例1)
化合物[5]と化合物[25]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着する代わりに化合物[5]を真空蒸着法により10nmの厚さに形成する他は実施例1と同様の手法により有機EL素子を作成した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率0.8cd/Aの青色発光しか得られなかった。
【0039】
(実施例2)
以下に本発明の実施例2に用いる有機薄膜EL素子の作製手順について説明する。
【0040】
ガラス基板1上にITOをスパッタリングによってシート抵抗が20Ω/□になるように製膜し、陽極2とした。その陽極2上に、化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて20nmの厚さに形成した。次に、化合物[5]と電子トラップを形成する化合物[14]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着して30nmの厚さに形成した、次に化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて20nmの厚さに形成した。さらにその上に化合物[5]とマグネシウムを2:1の重量比で共蒸着して30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、陰極4として、マグネシウム−銀合金を200nmの厚さに形成してEL素子を作製した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率1.2cd/Aの青色発光を得た。このとき化合物[14]に起因する発光は観測されなかった。
【0041】
(比較例2)
化合物[5]と化合物[14]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着する代わりに化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて20nmの厚さに形成する他は実施例2と同様の手法により有機EL素子を作成した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率0.6cd/Aの青色発光しか得られなかった。
【0042】
(実施例3)
以下に本発明の実施例3に用いる有機薄膜EL素子の作製手順について説明する。
【0043】
ガラス基板1上にITOをスパッタリングによってシート抵抗が20Ω/□になるように製膜し、陽極2とした。その陽極2上に、化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて20nmの厚さに形成した。次に、化合物[5]と電子トラップを形成する化合物[14]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着して30nmの厚さに形成した、次に化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて20nmの厚さに形成した。さらにその上に次に化合物[5]と正孔トラップを形成する化合物[25]を10:1の重量比で共蒸着して作製した薄膜を10nmの厚さに形成した。その上に化合物[5]を真空蒸着して作製した薄膜を30nmの厚さに形成した。さらにその上に化合物[5]とマグネシウムを2:1の重量比で共蒸着して20nmの厚さに形成した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率1.8cd/Aの青色発光を得た。このとき、化合物[25]、化合物[14]に起因する発光は観測されなかった。
【0044】
(比較例3)
以下に比較例3に用いる有機薄膜EL素子の作製手順について説明する。
【0045】
ガラス基板1上にITOをスパッタリングによってシート抵抗が20Ω/□になるように製膜し、陽極2とした。その陽極2上に、化合物[5]を真空蒸着法にて80nmの厚さに形成した。その上に化合物[5]とマグネシウムを2:1の重量比で共蒸着して20nmの厚さに形成した。この素子に直流電圧5Vを印加したところ、発光効率0.7cd/Aの青色発光しか得られなかった。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したとおり、本発明の有機EL素子はもれ電流が抑制されており良好な発光効率が実現されることから、本発明の効果は大である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の素子の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 基板
2 陽極
3 有機薄膜層
4 陰極[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device, and more particularly to a long-life organic electroluminescent (hereinafter abbreviated as organic EL) device having excellent stability during driving.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The organic EL element is a self-luminous element utilizing the principle that a fluorescent substance emits light by the recombination energy of holes injected from an anode and electrons injected from a cathode when an electric field is applied. Eastman Kodak C.I. W. Tang et al. Have reported a low-voltage driven organic EL device using a stacked device (CW Tang, SA VanSlyke, Applied Physics Letters, 51, 913, 1987, etc.). Since then, research on organic EL elements using organic materials as constituent materials has been actively conducted. Tang et al. Use a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex for the light emitting layer and a triphenyldiamine derivative for the hole transport layer. The advantages of the stacked structure include: increasing the efficiency of injecting holes into the light emitting layer; increasing the efficiency of generating excitons generated by recombination by blocking electrons injected from the cathode; And confining excitons. As in this example, the element structure of the organic EL element is a two-layer type of a hole transporting (injection) layer and an electron transporting light emitting layer, or a hole transporting (injection) layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transporting (injection) layer. Are well known. In such a stacked structure element, in order to increase the recombination efficiency of injected holes and electrons, the element structure and the forming method are devised. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of simplicity of the process, an organic EL device in which the organic layer has a single-layer structure has been studied. In these devices, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and an amphoteric hole- and electron-transporting compound such as many light-emitting materials used in a stacked type are used.
[0003]
Examples of the hole transporting material include starburst molecules such as 4,4 ', 4 "-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine and N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3- Triphenylamine derivatives such as methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine and aromatic diamine derivatives are well known (for example, JP-A-8-20771, JP-A-8-20771). JP-A-40995, JP-A-8-40997, JP-A-8-53397, JP-A-8-87122 and the like.
[0004]
Oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives and the like are well known as electron transporting materials.
[0005]
Known light-emitting materials include light-emitting materials such as chelate complexes such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex, coumarin derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, bisstyrylarylene derivatives, and oxadiazole derivatives. It has been reported that light emission in the visible region from red to red can be obtained, and realization of a color display element is expected (for example, JP-A-8-239655, JP-A-7-138561, JP-A-3138561). No. 2008889).
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the development of organic EL elements has been very active, and although high-luminance, long-life elements have been reported, especially in the case of a single-layer element, it is not necessarily sufficient in terms of the luminous efficiency of the element. However, there is a strong demand for the development of an element having high luminous efficiency.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer organic EL device having high luminance and high luminous efficiency.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the organic EL device, some of the holes and electrons injected from the anode and the cathode respectively reach the opposing electrode without recombination, and this leaks current to reduce the luminous efficiency of the device. It was a factor to lower it. In the stacked organic EL device, a hole blocking layer that prevents holes from being injected into the electron transport layer or an electron blocking layer that prevents electrons from being injected into the hole transport layer in order to improve the establishment of carrier recombination. An element structure provided with a layer has been proposed. However, these devices have problems such as an increase in the drive voltage due to an increase in the number of layers in the laminated structure. No solution to this problem has been found for single-layer devices. The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to prevent holes and electrons from reaching the opposing electrode without recombining. As a result, an organic EL device having one organic thin film layer between the anode and the cathode In the above, the organic thin film layer is mixed with the material forming the organic thin film layer to form a compound forming a hole trap in a region closer to the cathode than the region where electron-hole recombination is performed in a weight ratio of 0.5 to 0.5. It has been found that by containing 30%, leakage current can be prevented and excellent luminous efficiency can be realized. Similarly, the organic thin film layer is mixed with the material forming the organic thin film layer to form a compound forming an electron trap in a region closer to the anode by a weight ratio of 0.5 to a region closer to the anode than a region where electron-hole recombination is performed. It has been found that, by containing up to 30%, leakage current can be prevented and excellent luminous efficiency can be realized. In addition, the present inventors have found that the material forming the organic thin film layer has a higher ionization potential than the compound forming the hole trap when mixed with the material, and the difference between the values is 0.05 eV or more and 1 eV or less. In the case of, it was found that the luminous efficiency was particularly effectively improved. The material forming the organic thin film layer has a reduction potential smaller than that of the compound forming the electron trap when mixed with the organic thin film layer. Particularly, when the difference between the values is 0.05 eV or more and 1 eV or less, the effect is particularly effective. It was found that the luminous efficiency was improved.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is an organic EL device described in each of the following items A to A.
[0010]
A: In an organic EL device having one organic thin film layer between an anode and a cathode, the organic thin film layer is mixed with a material forming the organic thin film layer to form a compound that forms a hole trap by electron-hole recombination. An organic EL device containing 0.5 to 30% by weight in a region closer to the cathode than the region where the light emission is performed, and in which no light emission due to the compound forming the hole trap is observed when the device is driven.
[0011]
A: The absolute value (A1) of the ionization potential of the material forming the organic thin film layer and the absolute value (A2) of the ionization potential of the compound mixed with the material to form a hole trap are in a relationship of A2 <A1. The organic EL device according to the above item a, characterized in that:
[0012]
C) The organic EL device according to the above item a), wherein A1 and A2 satisfy a relationship of 0.05 eV <A1−A2 <1 eV.
[0013]
D: In an organic EL device having one organic thin film layer between an anode and a cathode, the organic thin film layer is mixed with a material for forming the organic thin film layer, and a compound that forms an electron trap is subjected to electron-hole recombination. An organic EL device containing 0.5 to 30% by weight in a region closer to the anode than a region to be exposed, and in which no light emission due to the compound forming the electron trap is observed when the device is driven.
[0014]
E: The relationship between the absolute value of the reduction potential (B1) of the material forming the organic thin film layer and the absolute value of the reduction potential (B2) of the compound mixed to form an electron trap (B2) is B1 <B2. The organic EL device according to the above item d, characterized in that:
[0015]
F: The organic EL device according to the above item e, wherein B1 and B2 satisfy a relationship of 0.05 eV <B2-B1 <1 eV.
[0016]
G: In an organic EL device having one organic thin film layer between an anode and a cathode, the organic thin film layer is mixed with a material forming the organic thin film layer to form a compound forming an electron trap in a weight ratio of 0.5 to 30. % And a region containing 0.5 to 30% by weight of a compound which forms a hole trap by being mixed with the material forming the organic thin film layer. The region where the bonding is performed is arranged in the order of the region including the compound forming the electron trap as viewed from the anode, the region performing the electron-hole recombination, and the region including the compound forming the hole trap. An organic EL device in which light emission due to the compound forming the electron trap and the compound forming the hole trap is not sometimes observed.
[0017]
C: The absolute value (A1) of the ionization potential of the material forming the organic thin film layer and the absolute value (A2) of the ionization potential of the compound mixed with the material to form a hole trap are in a relationship of A2 <A1. The absolute value (B1) of the reduction potential of the material forming the organic thin film layer and the absolute value (B2) of the reduction potential of the compound mixed with the material to form an electron trap have a relationship of B1 <B2. 13. The organic EL device according to the above item c.
[0018]
(C) The above-mentioned (c), wherein A1 and A2 satisfy a relationship of 0.05 eV <A1-A2 <1 eV, and B1 and B2 satisfy a relationship of 0.05 eV <B2-B1 <1 eV. The organic EL device according to the above.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0020]
The element structure of the organic EL element in the present invention has a structure in which an organic layer is interposed between two electrodes, a cathode and an anode. In addition, on the surface of these electrodes, for the purpose of improving charge injection characteristics, suppressing dielectric breakdown or improving luminous efficiency, inorganic dielectrics such as lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride; Even if a thin film layer made of an insulator, or a mixed layer of an organic layer and an electrode material or a metal, or an organic polymer thin film such as a polyaniline, a polyacetylene derivative, a polydiacetylene derivative, a polyvinylcarbazole derivative, or a polyparaphenylenevinylene derivative is formed. I do not care.
[0021]
The organic thin film layer of the present invention is formed to contain a light emitting material for a single layer type device, a compound which forms a hole trap when mixed therewith, or a compound which forms an electron trap when mixed therewith, or both. Is done.
[0022]
The material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds usually used in single-layer and stacked organic EL devices. For example, the following tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum complex (Alq3) [1], bisdiphenylvinylbiphenyl (BDPVBi) [2], 1,3-bis (pt-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxa Diazoleyl) phenyl (OXD-7) [3], N, N'-bis (2,5-di-t-butylphenyl) perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (BPPC) [4], 1,4bis (p -Tolyl-p-methylstyrylphenyl) -2,3-dimethylnaphthalene [5], 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran (DCM) [6], , Quinacridone derivatives such as 3-quinacridone [7], coumarin derivatives such as 3- (2'-benzothiazole) -7-diethylaminocoumarin [8], bis (2- Condensed polycyclic aromatics such as tyl-8-hydroxyquinoline) -4-phenylphenol-aluminum complex [9] and perylene [10], 4,4′-bis (m-tolylphenylamino) biphenyl (TPD) [11 ], Rubrene [12], bis (di (p-tolyl) aminophenyl) -1,1-cyclohexane [13], TPD [11], N, N'-diphenyl-NN-bis (1-naphthyl) Triphenyldiamines such as -1,1'-biphenyl) -4,4'-diamine (NPB) [14], starburst-type molecules ([15] to [17], etc.), 2- (4-biphenylyl) ) -5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (Bu-PBD) [18], triazole derivatives ([19], [20], etc.), quinolinol-based metal complexes ( [21 ~ [24], etc.), and phthalocyanine copper complex [25].
[0023]
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[0024]
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[0025]
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[0026]
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[0027]
Any of the above compounds can be used as a single-layer light emitting material, a material for forming a hole trap, or a material for forming an electron trap, in combination with other materials such as charge injection, light emission characteristics, ionization potential, and reduction potential. Can also be used. However, if the difference between the ionization potential or the reduction potential of the material forming the organic thin film layer and the compound mixed with this to form the trap does not function as a trap due to thermal energy at room temperature or driving temperature if the difference is too small, If it is too much, it tends to act as a barrier to the charge of the opposite polarity to the charge to be trapped, so that it is preferably between 0.05 eV and 1 eV. In addition, if light emission from a layer other than the light emitting layer is observed during driving, it becomes difficult to design the emission color of the element. Therefore, when an organic EL element is formed using a compound that forms a hole trap or an electron trap, Sometimes it is necessary to select a compound so as to provide a combination in which light emission from the compound is not observed.
[0028]
The method for forming each layer in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited. A conventionally known formation method such as a vacuum deposition method and a spin coating method can be used. The organic thin film layer containing the compound used in the organic EL device of the present invention may be formed by a vacuum evaporation method, a molecular beam evaporation method (MBE method), a dipping method of a solution dissolved in a solvent, a spin coating method, a casting method, a bar method, or the like. It can be formed by a known method such as a coating method or a roll coating method.
[0029]
The thickness of each organic layer of the organic EL device in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably in the range of several tens nm to 1 μm.
[0030]
Here, as an electrode in the organic EL element, the anode plays a role of injecting holes into the organic thin film layer, and it is effective that the anode has a work function of 4.5 eV or more.
[0031]
Specific examples of the anode material used in the present invention include metals or oxides such as indium tin oxide alloy (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), gold, silver, platinum, and copper, and mixtures thereof. As the cathode, a material having a small work function is preferable for the purpose of injecting electrons into the organic thin film layer. The cathode material is not particularly limited, but specifically, indium, aluminum, magnesium, a magnesium-indium alloy, a magnesium-aluminum alloy, an aluminum-lithium alloy, an aluminum-scandium-lithium alloy, a magnesium-silver alloy, a mixture thereof, and the like Can be used. The method for forming the anode and the cathode is not particularly limited. Conventionally known methods such as vacuum evaporation, molecular beam evaporation (MBE), dipping of a solution dissolved in a solvent, spin coating, casting, bar coating, roll coating, etc., and coating thermal decomposition, etc. Can be formed by a known method.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist of the present invention.
[0033]
Table 1 shows the ionization potential and reduction potential of the compounds used in the examples.
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
(Example 1)
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of the element used in Example 1. The element is composed of an anode 2 formed on a substrate 1, an organic thin film layer 3, and a cathode 4. Hereinafter, a procedure for manufacturing the organic thin film EL device used in Example 1 of the present invention will be described.
[0036]
An ITO was formed on a glass substrate 1 by sputtering so that the sheet resistance was 20 Ω / □. Compound [5] was formed on the anode 2 to a thickness of 50 nm by a vacuum evaporation method.
[0037]
Next, a compound [5] and a compound [25] forming a hole trap were co-evaporated at a weight ratio of 10: 1 to form a thin film having a thickness of 10 nm. A thin film formed by vacuum evaporation of compound [5] was formed thereon to a thickness of 30 nm. Next, as the cathode 4, a magnesium-silver alloy was formed to a thickness of 200 nm by a vacuum evaporation method to produce an organic EL device. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, blue light emission with a luminous efficiency of 1.3 cd / A was obtained. At this time, no light emission due to the compound [25] was observed.
[0038]
(Comparative Example 1)
The organic EL according to the same method as that of Example 1 except that the compound [5] and the compound [25] are formed in a thickness of 10 nm by a vacuum deposition method instead of co-evaporating the compound [5] at a weight ratio of 10: 1. A device was created. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, only blue light with a luminous efficiency of 0.8 cd / A was obtained.
[0039]
(Example 2)
Hereinafter, a procedure for manufacturing the organic thin film EL device used in Example 2 of the present invention will be described.
[0040]
An ITO was formed on a glass substrate 1 by sputtering so that the sheet resistance was 20 Ω / □. On the anode 2, the compound [5] was formed to a thickness of 20 nm by a vacuum evaporation method. Next, the compound [5] and the compound [14] forming an electron trap were co-evaporated at a weight ratio of 10: 1 to form a thickness of 30 nm, and then the compound [5] was vacuum-deposited to a thickness of 20 nm. It was formed in thickness. Further, a compound [5] and magnesium were co-evaporated thereon at a weight ratio of 2: 1 to form a film having a thickness of 30 nm. Next, as the cathode 4, a magnesium-silver alloy was formed to a thickness of 200 nm to manufacture an EL element. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, blue light emission with a luminous efficiency of 1.2 cd / A was obtained. At this time, no light emission due to the compound [14] was observed.
[0041]
(Comparative Example 2)
Instead of co-evaporating the compound [5] and the compound [14] at a weight ratio of 10: 1, the compound [5] is formed to a thickness of 20 nm by a vacuum evaporation method, and an organic compound is formed in the same manner as in Example 2. An EL device was prepared. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, only blue light emission with a luminous efficiency of 0.6 cd / A was obtained.
[0042]
(Example 3)
Hereinafter, a procedure for manufacturing the organic thin film EL device used in Example 3 of the present invention will be described.
[0043]
An ITO was formed on a glass substrate 1 by sputtering so that the sheet resistance was 20 Ω / □. On the anode 2, the compound [5] was formed to a thickness of 20 nm by a vacuum evaporation method. Next, the compound [5] and the compound [14] forming an electron trap were co-evaporated at a weight ratio of 10: 1 to form a thickness of 30 nm, and then the compound [5] was vacuum-deposited to a thickness of 20 nm. It was formed in thickness. Further, a thin film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed thereon by co-evaporation of the compound [5] and the compound [25] forming a hole trap at a weight ratio of 10: 1. A thin film formed by vacuum evaporation of compound [5] was formed thereon to a thickness of 30 nm. Further, a compound [5] and magnesium were co-evaporated thereon at a weight ratio of 2: 1 to form a film having a thickness of 20 nm. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, blue light emission with a luminous efficiency of 1.8 cd / A was obtained. At this time, no light emission due to the compounds [25] and [14] was observed.
[0044]
(Comparative Example 3)
Hereinafter, a manufacturing procedure of the organic thin film EL device used in Comparative Example 3 will be described.
[0045]
An ITO was formed on a glass substrate 1 by sputtering so that the sheet resistance was 20 Ω / □. On the anode 2, a compound [5] was formed to a thickness of 80 nm by a vacuum evaporation method. The compound [5] and magnesium were co-evaporated thereon at a weight ratio of 2: 1 to form a 20 nm thick layer. When a DC voltage of 5 V was applied to this device, only blue light emission with a luminous efficiency of 0.7 cd / A was obtained.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the organic EL device of the present invention, the leakage current is suppressed, and good luminous efficiency is realized, so that the effect of the present invention is great.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an element of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 substrate 2 anode 3 organic thin film layer 4 cathode
Claims (9)
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| JP2002240513A JP2004079414A (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2002-08-21 | Organic electroluminescent element |
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| JP2002240513A JP2004079414A (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2002-08-21 | Organic electroluminescent element |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009145062A1 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-12-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
| US7727640B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2010-06-01 | Fujifilm Corporation | Organic electroluminescent element |
| JP2012134538A (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2012-07-12 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | Light-emitting element |
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2002
- 2002-08-21 JP JP2002240513A patent/JP2004079414A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7727640B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2010-06-01 | Fujifilm Corporation | Organic electroluminescent element |
| JP2012134538A (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2012-07-12 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | Light-emitting element |
| WO2009145062A1 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-12-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
| US8247804B2 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2012-08-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
| US9142794B2 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2015-09-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
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