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JP2004047363A - Vehicular power supply device - Google Patents

Vehicular power supply device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004047363A
JP2004047363A JP2002205676A JP2002205676A JP2004047363A JP 2004047363 A JP2004047363 A JP 2004047363A JP 2002205676 A JP2002205676 A JP 2002205676A JP 2002205676 A JP2002205676 A JP 2002205676A JP 2004047363 A JP2004047363 A JP 2004047363A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
power supply
opening
temperature
supply module
holder case
Prior art date
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JP2002205676A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4121793B2 (en
Inventor
Takeshi Fujita
藤田 健
Shoichi Toya
遠矢 正一
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002205676A priority Critical patent/JP4121793B2/en
Publication of JP2004047363A publication Critical patent/JP2004047363A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently cool a plurality of power supply modules housed in a holder case without consuming power even when a vehicle is stopped. <P>SOLUTION: This vehicular power supply device is provided with: the holder case 2 used for housing the plurality of power supply modules 1 and having exhaust openings 3 for cooling the modules 1 by changing the inside air thereof; an opening-closing cover 4 for opening and closing the exhaust openings 3 of the holder case 2; an opening-closing mechanism 5 for opening and closing the opening-closing cover 4; a cooling fan 6 for cooling the modules 1 by forcibly supplying the cooling air into the holder case 2; and a control mechanism 7 for controlling the cooling fan 6 and the opening-closing mechanism 5 for the opening-closing cover 4. The control mechanism 7 controls the operation of the cooling fan 6 with the opening-closing cover 4 closed to forcibly cool the modules 1 in the holder case 1, and cools the modules 1 by opening the opening-closing cover 4 to change the air in the holder case 2 by natural convection. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、モーターに電力を供給して電動機器を駆動する電源装置に関し、とくに、ハイブリッドカーや電気自動車等の自動車のように、大電流で駆動されるモーターの電源用として使用される大電流用の電源装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車走行用のモーターを駆動する電源に使用される大電流、大出力用の電源装置は、複数の電池を直列に連結した電源モジュールをさらに直列に接続して出力電圧を高くしている。駆動モーターの出力を大きくするためである。この種の用途に使用される電源装置は、極めて大きな電流が流れる。たとえば、ハイブリッドカー等では、スタートするときや加速するときに、電池の出力で自動車を加速するので、100A以上と極めて大きな電流が流れる。さらに、急制動するときにも大きな充電電流が流れる。
【0003】
大電流を流して使用される電源装置は、電源モジュールの温度が上昇する。また、自動車に搭載される電源装置は、夏期の暑いときに電源モジュールの温度が高くなる。電源モジュールは、温度が上昇すると電気的な特性が低下するばかりでなく、寿命も短くなる。このため、電源モジュールの温度が設定温度よりも高くならないように冷却することが大切である。このとき、多数の電源モジュールを、均一に冷却することが極めて大切である。温度差が電源モジュールを劣化させる原因となって、特定の電源モジュールの寿命を著しく短くするからである。出力を大きくするために、多数の電池を直列に接続している電源装置は、直列に接続している電池を同じ電流で充放電するが、残容量は等しくならない。電池温度が充電効率と放電効率を変化させるからである。電池の温度が異常に高くなった電池は充電効率が低くなって残容量が小さくなる。残容量の小さくなった電池は過放電される傾向が強くなる。電池の過放電は、電池性能を相当に低下させて寿命を短くする。また、電池が劣化すると最大充電容量も小さくなる。最大充電容量が小さくなると、過充電される傾向も強くなる。このため、同じ電流で充電しても、残容量が大きくなって過充電される傾向も強くなる。この状態になると、ますます過充電や過放電を起こす確率が高くなるので、劣化した電池は加速度的に性能が低下して寿命が短くなってしまう。このため、多数の電池を直列に接続している電源装置は、全ての電池をできるかぎり均一な温度として、アンバランスな劣化を極力少なくすることが大切である。さらに、多数の電池を直列に接続している電源装置は、全体のコストも極めて高価になるので、極めて長い寿命が要求される。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の電源装置は、ホルダーケースの下部に強制的に冷却空気を供給し、供給された冷却空気を内部に送風して電源モジュールを冷却する構造、あるいは、ホルダーケース内の空気を強制的に排気して、ホルダーケース内に冷却空気を送風する構造等が採用される。この構造の電源装置は、冷却空気を強制送風して電源モジュールを均一に冷却するように設計される。このため、冷却空気を強制送風する状態では、電源モジュールを冷却できる。
【0005】
しかしながら、車両用の電源装置は、常に冷却空気を強制的に送風して冷却されるとは限らない。強制送風を停止する状態では、電源モジュールを効率よく冷却できなくなる。たとえば、車両用の電源装置は、自動車を停止しているときには、ほとんど強制的には冷却されない。強制冷却するために電力を消費するので、電源モジュールの電池が過放電となるからである。強制送風されない電源装置は、電源モジュールの温度が高くなることがある。また種々の原因で電源モジュールに温度差ができる。とくに、ホルダーケースに多数の電源モジュールを多段に配設すると、部分的に電源モジュールの温度が高くなる。
【0006】
図1は、図2の断面図に示すように、ホルダーケース2に4段に電源モジュール1を収納して、電池温度が上昇する特性を示している。この図は、ホルダーケース2に4段6列に収納される電源モジュール1の表面温度を示している。電源モジュール1は、定格容量を6Ahとする6個の電池を直列に接続したものである。20Aで2時間にわたって充放電を繰り返して、電源モジュールの表面温度を測定すると、図1に示す状態となる。この図から明らかなように、上段の電源モジュールは下段の電源モジュールに比較して約5℃も温度が高くなる。2時間の充放電を停止してからファンで電源モジュールを強制的に冷却しても、電源モジュールの温度差は1時間経過後においても相当な温度差となる。このため、ホルダーケースに収納している電源モジュールは、いかにして温度差を発生させないかが大切となる。温度差ができると、これを均一にするのに極めて長い時間がかかるからである。
【0007】
このことから、自動車を停止する状態で電源モジュールに温度差が発生していると、自動車をスタートさせて強制的に冷却するにしても、その温度差が少なくなるのに相当な時間がかかる。とくに、強制的に冷却する機構は、いかにして電源モジュールを均一に冷却できるかを基本思想として設計されるので、温度差が発生すると、これを均等にするのに極めて時間がかかる。このため、電源モジュールに温度差がある状態で自動車がスタートされると、各々の電源モジュールは、充電効率と放電効率が異なる状態で、長い時間にわたって放電され、あるいは充電される。したがって、電源モジュールの残容量に差が発生して、これが前述の理由で特定の電池を劣化させる原因となってしまう。
【0008】
本発明は、このような従来の電源装置の欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、極めて簡単な構造で、車両を停止する状態においても、電力を消費することなくホルダーケースに収納している複数の電源モジュールを効率よく冷却して、温度に起因する電池性能の低下を有効に防止できる車両用の電源装置を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の車両用の電源装置は、複数の電源モジュール1を収納すると共に、内部の空気を換気して電源モジュール1を冷却する排気開口3を有するホルダーケース2と、このホルダーケース2の排気開口3に開閉する開閉蓋4と、この開閉蓋4を開閉する開閉機構5と、ホルダーケース2内に冷却空気を強制送風して電源モジュール1を冷却する冷却ファン6と、この冷却ファン6と開閉蓋4の開閉機構5を制御する制御機構7とを備える。制御機構7は、開閉蓋4を閉じる状態で冷却ファン6の運転を制御してホルダーケース2の電源モジュール1を強制冷却し、かつ、開閉蓋4を開いてホルダーケース2内の空気を自然対流で換気して電源モジュール1を冷却する。
【0010】
制御機構7は、開閉蓋4を閉じる状態に加えて、開閉蓋4を開く状態においても冷却ファン6を運転することができる。さらに、制御機構7は、冷却ファン6を運転するときに開閉蓋4を閉じ、開閉蓋4を開くときに冷却ファン6の運転を停止することができる。
【0011】
制御機構7は、外気温度を検出し、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋4を開くことができる。さらに、制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度を検出し、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも高いと開閉蓋4を開くように制御することができる。さらにまた、制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度と外気温度を検出し、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも高く、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋4を開くように制御することができる。
【0012】
制御機構7は、車両の停止を検出して、開閉蓋4を開くことができる。さらに、制御機構7は、車両の停止を検出すると共に、電源モジュール1の温度を検出し、車両を停止して外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋4を開くことができる。
さらに、本発明の電源装置は、ホルダーケース2の側板9を開閉蓋4として、側板9を傾動できるようにホルダーケース本体2Aに連結して、側板9を傾動させて排気開口3を開閉することができる。さらに、本発明の電源装置は、ホルダーケース2の天板8に排気開口3と開閉蓋4を設けることができる。さらにまた、本発明の電源装置は、ホルダーケース2に、多段に電源モジュール1を収納することができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための車両用の電源装置を例示するものであって、本発明は車両用の電源装置を以下のものに特定しない。
【0014】
さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲の欄」、および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。
【0015】
図3ないし図5に示す車両用の電源装置は、複数の電源モジュール1を収納すると共に、内部の空気を換気して電源モジュール1を冷却する排気開口3を有するホルダーケース2と、このホルダーケース2の排気開口3を開閉する開閉蓋4と、この開閉蓋4を開閉する開閉機構5と、ホルダーケース2内に冷却空気を強制送風して電源モジュール1を冷却する冷却ファン6と、この冷却ファン6と開閉機構5を制御する制御機構7とを備える。
【0016】
図のホルダーケース2は、電源モジュール1を多段に並べて収納している。電源モジュール1をホルダーケース2に多段に収納する電源装置は、冷却ファン6の運転を停止する状態で、上段の電源モジュール1の温度が高温になりやすい。図3と図4のホルダーケース2は、上面に複数の排気開口3を開口しているので、冷却ファン6を停止する状態で、上部の電源モジュール1を効率よく冷却できる。これ等のホルダーケース2に設けている複数の排気開口3はスリット状で、ホルダーケース2の天板8に平行に開口されている。
【0017】
図3のホルダーケース2は、排気開口3を開口している天板8の下に、開閉蓋4を往復運動できるように配置している。この開閉蓋4は、スリット状の貫通孔10を設けており、開閉機構5に往復運動されて排気開口3を開閉する。開閉蓋4は、貫通孔10を排気開口3の下方に移動させて排気開口3を開口し、貫通孔を排気開口3の間に位置させて排気開口3を閉塞する。したがって、この開閉蓋4は、排気開口3を開口する位置に移動する状態で、排気開口3と同じ位置に貫通孔10を開口している。スリット状の貫通孔10を有する開閉蓋4は、スリットの縦方向に直交する横方向に往復運動されて、排気開口3を開閉する。ホルダーケース2にスリット状の排気開口3を設けて、開閉蓋4にスリット状の貫通孔10を設ける構造は、排気開口3を大きく開口できる。このため、排気開口3を開口する状態で、電源モジュール1を自然対流する空気で効率よく冷却できる。ただし、排気開口は、必ずしもスリット状とする必要はない。排気開口と貫通孔とを同じ位置に開口して、開閉蓋を往復運動させて排気開口を開閉できる。
【0018】
図4のホルダーケース2も、天板8に排気開口3を設けている。このホルダーケース2は、開閉蓋4をルーバーとして、天板8に排気開口3を開閉する。ルーバーは、窓にかけるブラインドのように、細長い平行プレート11を平行に配置している。平行プレート11は、連動して傾動できるようにホルダーケース2に連結される。このホルダーケース2は、開閉蓋4であるルーバーの平行プレート11を水平面に倒して、排気開口3を閉塞し、図に示すように、平行プレート11を立てて隣接する平行プレート11との間に隙間を設けて排気開口3を開く。ルーバーの平行プレート11は、開閉機構5に連結されて傾動される。この開閉蓋4は、ホルダーケース2の上面を大きく開いて、電源モジュール1を効率よく自然冷却できる。
【0019】
図3と図4のホルダーケース2は、上部に開閉蓋4を設けているが、上部と下部の両方に開閉蓋を設けることができる。上下に開閉蓋を設けたホルダーケースは、開閉蓋を開く状態で、とくに効率よく電源モジュールを冷却できる。冷却空気が、ホルダーケースの内部を下から上にスムーズに自然対流されるからである。
【0020】
さらに、図3と図4のホルダーケース2は、天板8に排気開口3を開口して、この排気開口3を開閉蓋4で開閉しているが、ホルダーケースは、天板を開閉蓋として、天板を開閉機構で開閉して排気開口を開閉することもできる。
【0021】
図5のホルダーケース2は、側板9を開閉蓋4としている。側板9は、傾動できるようにホルダーケース本体2Aに連結している。図の側板9は、その下端縁を蝶番(図示せず)を介して傾動できるようにホルダーケース本体2Aに連結して、上部に開閉機構5を連結している。さらに、図のホルダーケース2は、両側の側板9を開閉蓋4としている。この図に示すように、側板9が開閉機構5で傾く姿勢に傾動されて、ホルダーケース本体2Aから離れると、排気開口3が開口される。側板9が垂直な姿勢に傾動されて、ホルダーケース本体2Aの側面を閉塞すると排気開口3は閉じられる。この構造のホルダーケース2は、側板9を傾動させて、排気開口3を大きく開口して、電源モジュール1を効率よく冷却できる。図の側板9は、下端縁をホルダーケース本体2Aに連結しているが、側板は、上縁、または側縁を蝶番を介して傾動できるようにホルダーケース本体に連結することもできる。
【0022】
開閉機構5は、往復運動して開閉蓋4を開閉するアクチュエーターである。アクチュエーターは、モーターやシリンダーで開閉蓋4を往復運動させる。モーターで往復運動させるアクチュエーターは、モーターの回転運動を往復運動に変換する回転運動−往復運動変換機構を内蔵する。回転運動−往復運動変換機構は、ラックとピニオン、ナットとネジ棒、クランク機構、カム機構等の現在使用されている全ての機構が使用される。ラックとピニオンは、モーターでピニオンを正逆に回転してラックを往復運動させる。ナットとネジ棒は、モーターでナットを正逆に回転させてネジ棒を往復運動させる。クランク機構やカム機構は、モーターでクランク軸やカム軸を回転させて、クランク軸やカムに連結しているロッドを往復運動させる。
【0023】
制御機構7は、開閉機構5を制御して開閉蓋4を開閉し、さらに冷却ファン6の運転を制御して、電源モジュール1を強制冷却する。制御機構7は、開閉蓋4を閉じる状態で冷却ファン6の運転を制御してホルダーケース2の電源モジュール1を強制冷却し、開閉蓋4を開いてホルダーケース2内の空気を自然対流させて電源モジュール1を冷却する。この制御機構7は、電源装置を搭載している車両が走行できる状態にあるとき、いいかえると、車両のイグニッションスイッチ12をオンにする状態では、開閉蓋4を閉じて冷却ファン6で電源モジュール1を強制冷却する。イグニッションスイッチ12をオフにして車両を停止する状態では開閉蓋4を開いて排気開口3を開口し、排気開口3で冷却空気を自然対流させて電源モジュール1を冷却する。図の制御機構7は、イグニッションスイッチ12のオンオフを検出して、開閉蓋4と冷却ファン6の運転を制御するので、イグニッションスイッチ12のオンオフを検出する回路を接続している。
【0024】
制御機構7は、原則として開閉蓋4を閉じる状態で冷却ファン6を運転するが、電源モジュール1の温度が異常に高くなったとき、あるいは一部の電源モジュール1の温度が高くなったときなどには、一時的に開閉蓋4を開いて冷却ファン6を運転して電源モジュール1を冷却することもできる。図3と図4の電源装置は、排気開口3を開いて冷却ファン6を運転すると、上部の電源モジュール1が特に効率よく冷却される。この冷却方法は、たとえばイグニッションスイッチ12をオンしたときに、上部の電源モジュール1の温度が下部よりも高いときなどに適している。それは、上部の電源モジュール1を下部よりも効率よく冷却すると、短時間で電源モジュール1全体の温度を均一にできるからである。ただし、制御機構7は、冷却ファン6を運転するときには開閉蓋4を閉じ、開閉蓋4を開くときには冷却ファン6の運転を停止するように制御することもできる。
【0025】
図の制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度と外気温度を検出して、開閉蓋4と冷却ファン6の運転を制御する。したがって、図の制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度を検出する電池温度センサー13と、外気温度を検出する外気温度センサー14とを接続している。この制御機構7は、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに限って開閉蓋4を開くように開閉機構5を制御する。最低温度は、たとえば0〜10℃に設定する。この電源装置は、外気温度が非常に低いときには開閉蓋4を開くことがない。このため、厳寒時に開閉蓋4を開いて電源モジュール1を過冷却するのを防止できる。
【0026】
さらに、電池温度センサー13を接続している制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも高いときに限って開閉蓋4を開くように制御することもできる。最高温度は、たとえば30〜50℃に設定する。この電源装置も、寒いときには電源モジュール1の温度も高くならないので、電源モジュール1の過冷却を防止できる。
【0027】
さらに、制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度と外気温度を検出して、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度(30〜50℃)よりも高く、外気温度は最低温度(0℃〜10℃)よりも高いときに限って開閉蓋4を開くように制御することもできる。この電源装置は、より高い精度で電源モジュール1の過冷却を防止できる。
【0028】
さらに、制御機構7は、イグニッションスイッチ12のオンオフで車両の停止を検出すると共に、外気温度を検出し、車両を停止する状態で、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに限って開閉蓋4を開くように制御することもできる。この電源装置は、イグニッションスイッチ12をオフにして、外気温度が最低温度よりも低いときは開閉蓋4を開かない。このため、車両を停止する状態で、電源モジュール1の過冷却を防止できる。
【0029】
ホルダーケース2に収納される電源モジュール1は、二次電池、あるいは静電容量の大きなスーパーキャバシタを複数個、直線状に接続したものである。図の電源モジュール1は、円筒型の二次電池を直線状に連結したものである。ただし、角型の二次電池を直線状に連結して電源モジュールとすることもできる。電源モジュール1は、たとえば、5〜6本の二次電池を、直線状に直列に連結している。スーパーキャバシタを使用する電源モジュールは、複数のスーパーキャバシタを並列または直列に接続している。ただし、電源モジュールは、1本の二次電池やスーパーキャバシタで構成することもできる。二次電池やスーパーキャバシタの電源モジュールは、充放電電流を流すと温度が上昇する。
【0030】
ホルダーケース2は、電源モジュール1の間に隙間ができるように、複数の電源モジュール1を互いに平行に配列して保持する。電源モジュール1は、間に強制送風されて、均一に冷却される。図3と図4のホルダーケース2は、図において左側の側壁に外気の供給口15を開口して、ここから外気を流入される。さらに、右側の側壁に排気口16を開口して、ホルダーケース2内の空気を外部に排出する。図5のホルダーケース2は、上部に供給口15を設けて、底部に排気口16を設けている。
【0031】
図のホルダーケース2は、冷却ファン6の吸入側に排気口16を連結している。冷却ファン6は、ホルダーケース2内の空気を強制に排気して、電源モジュール1を冷却する。冷却ファン6が運転されるとき、冷却空気は、供給口15からホルダーケース2に流入し、電源モジュール1の間を通過して電源モジュール1を冷却し、ホルダーケース2の排気口16から排気される。開閉蓋4を開く状態で冷却ファン6が運転されると、空気は供給口15と排気開口3の両方から吸入される。
【0032】
制御機構7は、冷却ファン6の運転を制御して、電源モジュール1を冷却する。制御機構7は、電源モジュール1の温度を電池温度センサー13を介して検出し、電源モジュール1の電池温度が、第1設定温度よりも高いときに冷却ファン6を運転し、第2設定温度よりも低くなると冷却ファン6の運転を停止する。冷却ファン6を運転する第1設定温度は30℃〜50℃に設定し、第2設定温度は、第1設定温度に等しくし、あるいは第1設定温度よりも0〜10℃低く設定する。
【0033】
以上の電源装置は、図6に示すように、制御機構7が以下のフローチャートで開閉蓋4の開閉と冷却ファン6の運転を制御する。
[n=1〜5のステップ]
イグニッションスイッチ12がオンがどうかを判定する。イグニッションスイッチ12がオフであると、n=2のステップで、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いかどうかを判定する。外気温度が最低温度よりも低いと、n=3のステップで開閉蓋4を開かず、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いと、n=4のステップで電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも高いかどうかを判定し、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも高いとn=5のステップで開閉蓋4を開き、電源モジュール1の温度が最高温度よりも低いとn=3のステップで開閉蓋4を開かないようにする。
【0034】
[n=6〜9のステップ]
イグニッションスイッチ12がオンに切り換えられると、n=6のステップで電源モジュール1の温度が第1設定温度よりも高いかどうかを判定する。電源モジュール1の温度が第1設定温度よりも高くないと、n=1と6のステップをループする。電源モジュール1の温度が第1設定温度よりも高いと、n=7のステップで冷却ファン6を運転する。その後、n=8のステップで電源モジュール1の温度が第2設定温度よりも低いかどうかを判定する。電源モジュール1の温度が第2設定温度より低くないと、n=1、6、7、8のステップをループして冷却ファン6を運転状態に保持する。電源モジュール1の温度が第2設定温度よりも低いとn=9のステップで冷却ファン6の運転を停止する。
【0035】
以上の電源装置は、イグニッションスイッチ12がオフに切り換えられて車両が停止される状態で、外気温度と電源モジュール1の温度を検出して、開閉蓋4の開閉を制御しているが、イグニッションスイッチ12がオフに切り換えられると、外気温度と電源モジュール1の温度に関係なく、開閉蓋4を開くように制御することもできる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の車両用の電源装置は、車両を停止する状態においても、電力を消費することなくホルダーケースに収納している多数の電源モジュールを効率よく冷却できる特長がある。それは、本発明の電源装置が、電源モジュールを収納するホルダーケースに開閉蓋を設けており、開閉蓋を閉じる状態で冷却ファンの運転を制御して電源モジュールを冷却すると共に、開閉蓋を開いてホルダーケース内の空気を自然対流で換気して電源モジュールを冷却するからである。開閉蓋を開いて電源モジュールを冷却すると、空気を自然に対流させて電源モジュールを冷却できる。このため、この状態では冷却ファンを運転することなく、高温になった電源モジュールを効率よく冷却できる。また、本発明の電源装置は、つねに開閉蓋を開いて電源モジュールを冷却するのではなく、開閉蓋を閉じる状態では冷却ファンの運転を制御して電源モジュールを強制冷却する。このため、車両が運転状態にあって、電源モジュールの発生熱量が多いときにも、電源モジュールを強制冷却して有効に冷却できる。また、この状態では多数の電源モジュールを均一に冷却することもできる。このため、本発明の車両用の電源装置は、温度に起因する電池性能の低下を有効に防止できる極めて優れた特長がある。とくに、車両を停止する状態においても、電源モジュールを有効に冷却できるので、長い期間にわたって高温環境で駐車される車両に搭載されて、電源モジュールの劣化を少なくできる特長がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ホルダーケースに多段に収納した電源モジュールの電池温度が上昇する特性を示すグラフ
【図2】ホルダーケースに多段に複数列の電源モジュールを収納する電源装置の一例を示す断面図
【図3】本発明の一実施例にかかる車両用の電源装置の概略断面図
【図4】本発明の他の実施例にかかる車両用の電源装置の概略断面図
【図5】本発明の他の実施例にかかる車両用の電源装置の斜視図
【図6】制御機構が開閉蓋の開閉と冷却ファンの運転を制御するフローチャート
【符号の説明】
1…電源モジュール
2…ホルダーケース   2A…ホルダーケース本体
3…排気開口
4…開閉蓋
5…開閉機構
6…冷却ファン
7…制御機構
8…天板
9…側板
10…貫通孔
11…平行プレート
12…イグニッションスイッチ
13…電池温度センサー
14…外気温度センサー
15…供給口
16…排気口
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a power supply device for supplying electric power to a motor to drive an electric device, and particularly to a large current used for a power supply of a motor driven with a large current, such as a car such as a hybrid car or an electric car. The present invention relates to a power supply device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art A large-current, large-output power supply device used as a power supply for driving a motor for driving an automobile drives a power supply module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series and further connects the series in series to increase the output voltage. This is to increase the output of the drive motor. An extremely large current flows through a power supply device used for this type of application. For example, in a hybrid car or the like, when starting or accelerating, the car is accelerated by the output of the battery, so that a very large current of 100 A or more flows. Further, a large charging current flows even when braking is suddenly performed.
[0003]
In a power supply device used by passing a large current, the temperature of the power supply module rises. In a power supply device mounted on an automobile, the temperature of the power supply module increases when the temperature is hot in summer. As the temperature of the power supply module rises, not only the electrical characteristics deteriorate, but also the life of the power supply module is shortened. For this reason, it is important to cool the power supply module so that it does not become higher than the set temperature. At this time, it is extremely important to cool many power supply modules uniformly. This is because the temperature difference causes deterioration of the power supply module, and significantly shortens the life of the specific power supply module. In order to increase the output, a power supply device in which a large number of batteries are connected in series charges and discharges the batteries connected in series with the same current, but the remaining capacities are not equal. This is because the battery temperature changes the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency. A battery with an abnormally high battery temperature has low charging efficiency and low remaining capacity. A battery having a small remaining capacity has a strong tendency to be overdischarged. Overdischarging of the battery significantly reduces battery performance and shortens life. When the battery deteriorates, the maximum charge capacity also decreases. As the maximum charging capacity decreases, the tendency for overcharging increases. For this reason, even if the battery is charged with the same current, the remaining capacity is increased and the tendency to overcharge is increased. In this state, the probability of overcharging or overdischarging increases more and more, and the performance of a deteriorated battery decreases at an accelerated rate and the life of the battery decreases. For this reason, in a power supply device in which a large number of batteries are connected in series, it is important that all batteries have a temperature as uniform as possible to minimize unbalanced deterioration. Furthermore, a power supply device in which a large number of batteries are connected in series requires an extremely long life because the overall cost is extremely high.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventional power supply units have a structure in which cooling air is forcibly supplied to the lower part of the holder case and the supplied cooling air is blown inside to cool the power supply module, or the air in the holder case is forcibly exhausted. Then, a structure for blowing cooling air into the holder case is adopted. The power supply device having this structure is designed to cool the power supply module uniformly by forcibly blowing cooling air. Therefore, the power supply module can be cooled in a state where the cooling air is forcibly blown.
[0005]
However, a power supply device for a vehicle is not always cooled by forcibly blowing cooling air. When the forced air supply is stopped, the power supply module cannot be cooled efficiently. For example, a power supply for a vehicle is hardly forcibly cooled when the vehicle is stopped. This is because power is consumed for forced cooling, and the battery of the power supply module is overdischarged. In a power supply device that is not forcibly blown, the temperature of the power supply module may be high. Further, a temperature difference occurs in the power supply module due to various causes. In particular, when a large number of power supply modules are arranged in multiple stages in the holder case, the temperature of the power supply modules partially increases.
[0006]
FIG. 1 shows a characteristic that the battery temperature rises when the power supply modules 1 are housed in four stages in the holder case 2 as shown in the sectional view of FIG. This figure shows the surface temperature of the power supply modules 1 housed in the holder case 2 in four rows and six rows. The power supply module 1 has six batteries having a rated capacity of 6 Ah connected in series. When charging and discharging are repeated at 20 A for 2 hours and the surface temperature of the power supply module is measured, the state shown in FIG. 1 is obtained. As is clear from this figure, the temperature of the upper power supply module is about 5 ° C. higher than that of the lower power supply module. Even if the power supply module is forcibly cooled by the fan after charging / discharging for 2 hours is stopped, the temperature difference of the power supply module becomes a considerable temperature difference even after one hour. For this reason, it is important how the power supply module housed in the holder case does not generate a temperature difference. If a temperature difference is generated, it takes an extremely long time to make the temperature uniform.
[0007]
For this reason, if a temperature difference occurs in the power supply module when the vehicle is stopped, even if the vehicle is started and forcedly cooled, it takes a considerable time for the temperature difference to decrease. In particular, since the mechanism for forcibly cooling is designed based on how to uniformly cool the power supply module, it takes an extremely long time to equalize the temperature difference if it occurs. Therefore, when the vehicle is started in a state where there is a temperature difference between the power supply modules, each power supply module is discharged or charged for a long time in a state where charging efficiency and discharging efficiency are different. Therefore, a difference occurs in the remaining capacity of the power supply module, which causes a specific battery to deteriorate for the above-described reason.
[0008]
The present invention has been developed to solve such disadvantages of the conventional power supply device. An important object of the present invention is to reduce the temperature of a plurality of power supply modules housed in a holder case efficiently without consuming power even in a state where the vehicle is stopped, with an extremely simple structure, resulting from temperature. An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a vehicle that can effectively prevent a decrease in battery performance.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention accommodates a plurality of power supply modules 1 and has an exhaust opening 3 for ventilating internal air to cool the power supply module 1, and an exhaust opening of the holder case 2. 3, an opening / closing mechanism 5 for opening / closing the opening / closing lid 4, a cooling fan 6 for forcibly blowing cooling air into the holder case 2 to cool the power supply module 1, and an opening / closing for the cooling fan 6. A control mechanism 7 for controlling the opening and closing mechanism 5 of the lid 4. The control mechanism 7 controls the operation of the cooling fan 6 in a state where the opening / closing lid 4 is closed to forcibly cool the power supply module 1 of the holder case 2, and opens the opening / closing lid 4 to naturally convect the air in the holder case 2. To cool the power supply module 1.
[0010]
The control mechanism 7 can operate the cooling fan 6 in a state in which the opening and closing cover 4 is opened in addition to a state in which the opening and closing cover 4 is closed. Further, the control mechanism 7 can close the opening / closing lid 4 when operating the cooling fan 6 and stop the operation of the cooling fan 6 when opening the opening / closing lid 4.
[0011]
The control mechanism 7 detects the outside air temperature and can open the opening / closing lid 4 when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. Further, the control mechanism 7 can detect the temperature of the power supply module 1 and control the opening and closing cover 4 to be opened when the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the maximum temperature. Furthermore, the control mechanism 7 detects the temperature of the power supply module 1 and the outside air temperature, and controls the opening and closing lid 4 to open when the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the maximum temperature and the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. can do.
[0012]
The control mechanism 7 can detect the stop of the vehicle and open the opening / closing lid 4. Further, the control mechanism 7 can detect the stop of the vehicle, detect the temperature of the power supply module 1, and stop the vehicle to open the open / close lid 4 when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature.
Further, in the power supply device of the present invention, the side plate 9 of the holder case 2 is used as the opening / closing lid 4 and connected to the holder case main body 2A so that the side plate 9 can be tilted, and the exhaust opening 3 is opened and closed by tilting the side plate 9. Can be. Furthermore, in the power supply device of the present invention, the top plate 8 of the holder case 2 can be provided with the exhaust opening 3 and the opening / closing lid 4. Furthermore, in the power supply device of the present invention, the power supply modules 1 can be stored in the holder case 2 in multiple stages.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a vehicle power supply device for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the vehicle power supply device as follows.
[0014]
Further, in this specification, in order to make it easy to understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as “claims” and “means for solving the problems”. Are added to the members indicated by "." However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.
[0015]
The power supply device for a vehicle shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 accommodates a plurality of power supply modules 1 and has an exhaust opening 3 for ventilating internal air to cool the power supply modules 1; 2, an opening / closing lid 4 for opening and closing the exhaust opening 3, an opening / closing mechanism 5 for opening and closing the opening / closing lid 4, a cooling fan 6 for forcibly blowing cooling air into the holder case 2 to cool the power supply module 1, A control mechanism 7 for controlling the fan 6 and the opening / closing mechanism 5 is provided.
[0016]
The illustrated holder case 2 houses the power supply modules 1 in multiple stages. In the power supply device in which the power supply modules 1 are stored in the holder case 2 in multiple stages, the temperature of the upper power supply module 1 tends to become high when the operation of the cooling fan 6 is stopped. Since the holder case 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has a plurality of exhaust openings 3 on the upper surface, the upper power supply module 1 can be efficiently cooled with the cooling fan 6 stopped. The plurality of exhaust openings 3 provided in the holder case 2 are slit-shaped and are opened in parallel with the top plate 8 of the holder case 2.
[0017]
The holder case 2 shown in FIG. 3 has an opening / closing lid 4 disposed below a top plate 8 having an exhaust opening 3 so as to be able to reciprocate. The opening / closing lid 4 is provided with a slit-shaped through hole 10, and is reciprocated by the opening / closing mechanism 5 to open and close the exhaust opening 3. The opening / closing lid 4 moves the through hole 10 below the exhaust opening 3 to open the exhaust opening 3, and closes the exhaust opening 3 by positioning the through hole between the exhaust openings 3. Therefore, the opening / closing lid 4 opens the through hole 10 at the same position as the exhaust opening 3 while moving to the position where the exhaust opening 3 is opened. The opening / closing lid 4 having the slit-shaped through-hole 10 is reciprocated in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the slit, and opens and closes the exhaust opening 3. The structure in which the slit-shaped exhaust opening 3 is provided in the holder case 2 and the slit-shaped through-hole 10 is provided in the opening / closing lid 4 can widen the exhaust opening 3. Therefore, the power supply module 1 can be efficiently cooled by the air that naturally convects with the exhaust opening 3 opened. However, the exhaust opening does not necessarily have to be slit-shaped. The exhaust opening and the through hole are opened at the same position, and the exhaust opening can be opened and closed by reciprocating the opening / closing lid.
[0018]
The holder case 2 of FIG. 4 also has the top plate 8 provided with the exhaust opening 3. The holder case 2 opens and closes the exhaust opening 3 in the top plate 8 using the opening / closing lid 4 as a louver. The louver has elongated parallel plates 11 arranged in parallel, like a blind over a window. The parallel plate 11 is connected to the holder case 2 so as to be able to tilt together. The holder case 2 is configured such that the parallel plate 11 of the louver, which is the opening / closing lid 4, is placed on a horizontal plane to close the exhaust opening 3, and as shown in FIG. The exhaust opening 3 is opened with a gap provided. The parallel plate 11 of the louver is connected to the opening / closing mechanism 5 and tilted. The opening / closing lid 4 can open the upper surface of the holder case 2 widely so that the power supply module 1 can be efficiently and naturally cooled.
[0019]
The holder case 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has the opening / closing lid 4 at the upper part, but the opening / closing lid can be provided at both the upper part and the lower part. The holder case provided with the open / close lid on the top and bottom can cool the power supply module particularly efficiently with the open / close lid opened. This is because the cooling air is smoothly and naturally convected inside the holder case from below to above.
[0020]
3 and 4, the exhaust opening 3 is opened in the top plate 8 and the exhaust opening 3 is opened and closed by the opening / closing lid 4. The holder case uses the top plate as the opening / closing lid. The top plate can be opened and closed by an opening and closing mechanism to open and close the exhaust opening.
[0021]
The side plate 9 of the holder case 2 of FIG. The side plate 9 is connected to the holder case main body 2A so as to be tiltable. The side plate 9 in the figure is connected to the holder case main body 2A so that the lower end edge can be tilted via a hinge (not shown), and the opening / closing mechanism 5 is connected to the upper part. Further, in the illustrated holder case 2, the side plates 9 on both sides are used as the opening / closing lid 4. As shown in this figure, the exhaust opening 3 is opened when the side plate 9 is tilted by the opening / closing mechanism 5 so as to be separated from the holder case main body 2A. When the side plate 9 is tilted to a vertical position to close the side surface of the holder case main body 2A, the exhaust opening 3 is closed. In the holder case 2 having this structure, the side plate 9 is tilted and the exhaust opening 3 is largely opened, so that the power supply module 1 can be efficiently cooled. Although the illustrated side plate 9 has a lower edge connected to the holder case main body 2A, the side plate may be connected to the holder case main body such that the upper edge or the side edge can be tilted via a hinge.
[0022]
The opening and closing mechanism 5 is an actuator that reciprocates and opens and closes the opening and closing lid 4. The actuator reciprocates the opening / closing lid 4 with a motor or a cylinder. An actuator that reciprocates with a motor has a built-in rotation-to-reciprocation conversion mechanism that converts the rotation of the motor into reciprocation. As the rotary motion-reciprocating motion conversion mechanism, all mechanisms currently used such as a rack and a pinion, a nut and a screw rod, a crank mechanism, a cam mechanism and the like are used. The rack and the pinion are reciprocated by rotating the pinion forward and reverse by a motor. The nut and the screw rod are reciprocated by rotating the nut forward and reverse by a motor. The crank mechanism and the cam mechanism rotate a crankshaft and a camshaft by a motor to reciprocate a rod connected to the crankshaft and the cam.
[0023]
The control mechanism 7 controls the opening and closing mechanism 4 to open and close the opening and closing cover 4, and further controls the operation of the cooling fan 6 to forcibly cool the power supply module 1. The control mechanism 7 controls the operation of the cooling fan 6 in a state where the opening / closing lid 4 is closed to forcibly cool the power supply module 1 of the holder case 2, and opens the opening / closing lid 4 to allow the air in the holder case 2 to naturally convect. The power supply module 1 is cooled. The control mechanism 7 closes the opening / closing lid 4 and turns off the power supply module 1 by the cooling fan 6 when the vehicle equipped with the power supply device is in a running state, in other words, when the ignition switch 12 of the vehicle is turned on. Forced cooling. When the ignition switch 12 is turned off and the vehicle is stopped, the opening / closing lid 4 is opened to open the exhaust opening 3, and the power supply module 1 is cooled by natural convection of cooling air at the exhaust opening 3. The control mechanism 7 shown in the figure detects the on / off state of the ignition switch 12 and controls the operation of the opening / closing lid 4 and the cooling fan 6, so that a circuit for detecting the on / off state of the ignition switch 12 is connected.
[0024]
The control mechanism 7 operates the cooling fan 6 with the opening / closing lid 4 closed in principle. However, when the temperature of the power supply module 1 becomes abnormally high, or when the temperature of some power supply modules 1 becomes high, etc. Alternatively, the power supply module 1 can be cooled by temporarily opening the opening / closing lid 4 and operating the cooling fan 6. 3 and 4, when the cooling fan 6 is operated with the exhaust opening 3 opened, the upper power supply module 1 is particularly efficiently cooled. This cooling method is suitable, for example, when the ignition switch 12 is turned on and when the temperature of the upper power supply module 1 is higher than that of the lower power supply module 1. This is because if the upper power supply module 1 is cooled more efficiently than the lower power supply module 1, the temperature of the entire power supply module 1 can be made uniform in a short time. However, the control mechanism 7 can also control to close the opening / closing lid 4 when operating the cooling fan 6 and stop the operation of the cooling fan 6 when opening the opening / closing lid 4.
[0025]
The illustrated control mechanism 7 detects the temperature of the power supply module 1 and the outside air temperature, and controls the operation of the open / close lid 4 and the cooling fan 6. Accordingly, the illustrated control mechanism 7 connects the battery temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the power supply module 1 and the outside air temperature sensor 14 for detecting the outside air temperature. The control mechanism 7 controls the opening and closing mechanism 5 to open the opening and closing lid 4 only when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. The minimum temperature is set, for example, to 0 to 10 ° C. This power supply device does not open the open / close lid 4 when the outside air temperature is extremely low. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power supply module 1 from being excessively cooled by opening the opening / closing lid 4 in severe cold.
[0026]
Further, the control mechanism 7 connected to the battery temperature sensor 13 can also control to open the opening / closing lid 4 only when the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the maximum temperature. The maximum temperature is set, for example, to 30 to 50C. Also in this power supply device, the temperature of the power supply module 1 does not increase when it is cold, so that the power supply module 1 can be prevented from being overcooled.
[0027]
Further, the control mechanism 7 detects the temperature of the power supply module 1 and the outside air temperature, and the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the highest temperature (30 to 50 ° C.), and the outside air temperature is the lowest temperature (0 to 10 ° C.). It is also possible to control the opening and closing lid 4 to be opened only when the height is higher. This power supply device can prevent the cooling of the power supply module 1 with higher accuracy.
[0028]
Further, the control mechanism 7 detects the stop of the vehicle by turning on and off the ignition switch 12, detects the outside air temperature, and opens and closes the open / close lid 4 only when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature in a state where the vehicle is stopped. It can be controlled to open. The power supply device turns off the ignition switch 12 and does not open the open / close lid 4 when the outside air temperature is lower than the minimum temperature. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power supply module 1 from being excessively cooled while the vehicle is stopped.
[0029]
The power supply module 1 housed in the holder case 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries or supercapacitors having a large capacitance in a straight line. The power supply module 1 shown in the figure is formed by connecting cylindrical secondary batteries linearly. However, it is also possible to form a power supply module by connecting rectangular secondary batteries linearly. The power supply module 1 has, for example, five to six secondary batteries connected in series in a straight line. A power supply module using a supercapacitor has a plurality of supercapacitors connected in parallel or in series. However, the power supply module can also be composed of one secondary battery or a super capacitor. The temperature of a power supply module of a secondary battery or a supercapacitor rises when a charging / discharging current flows.
[0030]
The holder case 2 holds a plurality of power supply modules 1 arranged in parallel with each other so that a gap is formed between the power supply modules 1. The power supply module 1 is forcibly blown in between to be uniformly cooled. The holder case 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has an outside air supply port 15 opened in the left side wall in the figure, and the outside air flows from the opening. Further, an exhaust port 16 is opened in the right side wall to discharge the air in the holder case 2 to the outside. The holder case 2 of FIG. 5 has a supply port 15 at the top and an exhaust port 16 at the bottom.
[0031]
In the illustrated holder case 2, an exhaust port 16 is connected to the suction side of the cooling fan 6. The cooling fan 6 forcibly exhausts the air in the holder case 2 to cool the power supply module 1. When the cooling fan 6 is operated, the cooling air flows into the holder case 2 from the supply port 15, passes between the power supply modules 1 to cool the power supply module 1, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 16 of the holder case 2. You. When the cooling fan 6 is operated with the opening / closing lid 4 opened, air is sucked from both the supply port 15 and the exhaust port 3.
[0032]
The control mechanism 7 controls the operation of the cooling fan 6 to cool the power supply module 1. The control mechanism 7 detects the temperature of the power supply module 1 via the battery temperature sensor 13, and operates the cooling fan 6 when the battery temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the first set temperature. When the temperature also becomes low, the operation of the cooling fan 6 is stopped. The first set temperature for operating the cooling fan 6 is set to 30 ° C. to 50 ° C., and the second set temperature is set equal to the first set temperature or set to 0 to 10 ° C. lower than the first set temperature.
[0033]
In the above power supply device, as shown in FIG. 6, the control mechanism 7 controls the opening and closing of the opening / closing lid 4 and the operation of the cooling fan 6 according to the following flowchart.
[Steps for n = 1 to 5]
It is determined whether the ignition switch 12 is on. If the ignition switch 12 is off, it is determined in step n = 2 whether the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. When the outside air temperature is lower than the minimum temperature, the opening / closing lid 4 is not opened at the step of n = 3, and when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature, the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the maximum temperature at the step of n = 4. If the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the maximum temperature, the opening / closing lid 4 is opened at the step of n = 5. If the temperature of the power supply module 1 is lower than the maximum temperature, the opening / closing lid 4 is opened at the step of n = 3. Do not open 4.
[0034]
[Steps for n = 6 to 9]
When the ignition switch 12 is turned on, it is determined whether the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the first set temperature in a step of n = 6. If the temperature of the power supply module 1 is not higher than the first set temperature, the steps of n = 1 and 6 are looped. When the temperature of the power supply module 1 is higher than the first set temperature, the cooling fan 6 is operated in steps of n = 7. Then, it is determined whether the temperature of the power supply module 1 is lower than the second set temperature in a step of n = 8. If the temperature of the power supply module 1 is not lower than the second set temperature, the steps of n = 1, 6, 7, and 8 are looped to keep the cooling fan 6 in the operating state. When the temperature of the power supply module 1 is lower than the second set temperature, the operation of the cooling fan 6 is stopped at the step of n = 9.
[0035]
The power supply apparatus described above detects the outside air temperature and the temperature of the power supply module 1 in a state where the ignition switch 12 is turned off and the vehicle is stopped, and controls the opening and closing of the open / close lid 4. When the switch 12 is turned off, the opening / closing cover 4 can be controlled to open regardless of the outside air temperature and the temperature of the power supply module 1.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention has a feature that even when the vehicle is stopped, a large number of power supply modules housed in the holder case can be efficiently cooled without consuming power. That is, the power supply device of the present invention is provided with an opening / closing lid in a holder case that houses the power supply module, controls the operation of the cooling fan in a state where the opening / closing lid is closed, cools the power supply module, and opens the opening / closing lid. This is because the air in the holder case is ventilated by natural convection to cool the power supply module. When the power supply module is cooled by opening the opening / closing lid, the power supply module can be cooled by natural convection of air. Therefore, in this state, the power supply module that has become hot can be efficiently cooled without operating the cooling fan. In addition, the power supply device of the present invention does not always cool the power supply module by opening the open / close lid, but controls the operation of the cooling fan to forcibly cool the power supply module when the open / close lid is closed. For this reason, even when the vehicle is in an operating state and the amount of heat generated by the power supply module is large, the power supply module can be forcibly cooled and effectively cooled. In this state, a large number of power supply modules can be cooled uniformly. For this reason, the power supply device for a vehicle of the present invention has an extremely excellent feature capable of effectively preventing a decrease in battery performance due to temperature. In particular, since the power supply module can be effectively cooled even when the vehicle is stopped, the power supply module is mounted on a vehicle that is parked in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time, so that the power supply module can be less deteriorated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a characteristic of increasing the battery temperature of a power supply module housed in a holder case in multiple stages. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a power supply device in which multiple rows of power supply modules are housed in a holder case in multiple stages. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a power supply device for a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a power supply device for a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a power supply device for a vehicle according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart in which a control mechanism controls opening / closing of an opening / closing lid and operation of a cooling fan.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Power supply module 2 ... Holder case 2A ... Holder case main body 3 ... Exhaust opening 4 ... Opening / closing lid 5 ... Opening / closing mechanism 6 ... Cooling fan 7 ... Control mechanism 8 ... Top plate 9 ... Side plate 10 ... Through hole 11 ... Parallel plate 12 ... Ignition switch 13 Battery temperature sensor 14 Outside air temperature sensor 15 Supply port 16 Exhaust port

Claims (11)

複数の電源モジュール(1)を収納すると共に、内部の空気を換気して電源モジュール(1)を冷却する排気開口(3)を有するホルダーケース(2)と、このホルダーケース(2)の排気開口(3)を開閉する開閉蓋(4)と、この開閉蓋(4)を開閉する開閉機構(5)と、ホルダーケース(2)内に冷却空気を強制送風して電源モジュール(1)を冷却する冷却ファン(6)と、この冷却ファン(6)と開閉蓋(4)の開閉機構(5)を制御する制御機構(7)とを備え、
制御機構(7)が、開閉蓋(4)を閉じる状態で冷却ファン(6)の運転を制御してホルダーケース(2)の電源モジュール(1)を強制冷却し、かつ、開閉蓋(4)を開いてホルダーケース(2)内の空気を自然対流で換気して電源モジュール(1)を冷却するようにしてなる車両用の電源装置。
A holder case (2) for accommodating a plurality of power supply modules (1) and having an exhaust opening (3) for cooling the power supply module (1) by ventilating internal air; and an exhaust opening of the holder case (2). An opening / closing lid (4) for opening / closing (3), an opening / closing mechanism (5) for opening / closing this opening / closing lid (4), and cooling air is forcibly blown into the holder case (2) to cool the power supply module (1). A cooling fan (6), and a control mechanism (7) for controlling the opening / closing mechanism (5) of the cooling fan (6) and the opening / closing lid (4);
The control mechanism (7) controls the operation of the cooling fan (6) in a state where the opening / closing lid (4) is closed to forcibly cool the power supply module (1) of the holder case (2), and to open / close the opening / closing lid (4). A power supply device for a vehicle, wherein the power supply module (1) is cooled by opening the housing and ventilating the air in the holder case (2) by natural convection.
制御機構(7)が、開閉蓋(4)を閉じる状態に加えて、開閉蓋(4)を開く状態においても冷却ファン(6)を運転する請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism (7) operates the cooling fan (6) in a state in which the opening and closing cover (4) is opened in addition to a state in which the opening and closing cover (4) is closed. 制御機構(7)が、冷却ファン(6)を運転するときに開閉蓋(4)を閉じ、開閉蓋(4)を開くときに冷却ファン(6)の運転を停止する請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The control mechanism (7) according to claim 1, wherein the opening / closing lid (4) is closed when the cooling fan (6) is operated, and the operation of the cooling fan (6) is stopped when the opening / closing lid (4) is opened. Power supply for vehicles. 制御機構(7)が、外気温度を検出し、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋(4)を開く請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism (7) detects the outside air temperature and opens the open / close lid (4) when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. 制御機構(7)が、電源モジュール(1)の温度を検出し、電源モジュール(1)の温度が最高温度よりも高いと開閉蓋(4)を開くように制御する請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The control mechanism (7) according to claim 1, wherein a temperature of the power supply module (1) is detected, and when the temperature of the power supply module (1) is higher than a maximum temperature, control is performed to open the opening / closing lid (4). Power supply for vehicles. 制御機構(7)が、電源モジュール(1)の温度と外気温度を検出し、電源モジュール(1)の温度が最高温度よりも高く、外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋(4)を開くように制御する請求項4と5に記載される車両用の電源装置。A control mechanism (7) detects the temperature of the power supply module (1) and the outside air temperature, and opens and closes the lid (4) when the temperature of the power supply module (1) is higher than the maximum temperature and the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. 6. The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the power supply device is controlled to open. 制御機構(7)が、車両の停止を検出して、開閉蓋(4)を開く請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism (7) detects the stop of the vehicle and opens the open / close lid (4). 制御機構(7)が、車両の停止を検出すると共に、電源モジュール(1)の温度を検出し、車両を停止して外気温度が最低温度よりも高いときに開閉蓋(4)を開く請求項7に記載される車両用の電源装置。The control mechanism (7) detects the stop of the vehicle, detects the temperature of the power supply module (1), stops the vehicle, and opens the open / close lid (4) when the outside air temperature is higher than the minimum temperature. 7. The power supply device for a vehicle according to 7. ホルダーケース(2)の側板(9)が開閉蓋(4)で、側板(9)を傾動できるようにホルダーケース本体(2A)に連結して、側板(9)を傾動させて排気開口(3)を開閉する請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The side plate (9) of the holder case (2) is connected to the holder case body (2A) so that the side plate (9) can be tilted by the opening / closing lid (4), and the side plate (9) is tilted to open the exhaust opening (3). 2. The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, which opens and closes. ホルダーケース(2)の天板(8)に排気開口(3)と開閉蓋(4)を設けている請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust opening (3) and an opening / closing lid (4) are provided on a top plate (8) of the holder case (2). ホルダーケース(2)が多段に電源モジュール(1)を収納している請求項1に記載される車両用の電源装置。The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the holder case (2) houses the power supply module (1) in multiple stages.
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