JP2003009607A - Electric powered farm machine - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To prevent loss of power or electric power by driving a motor only when oil pressure is required, and to ensure a reliable hydraulic pressure without being affected by a load fluctuation of a traveling motor. An object of the present invention is to obtain an electric powered agricultural machine capable of ensuring the operation of the system. A traveling system motor that drives a traveling device, a PTO system motor that drives a working machine, and a hydraulic system motor that hydraulically drives the working machine are provided, and these three motors are driven by a battery mounted on the body. It is constituted so that. The PTO shaft suspended on the rear of the fuselage is driven by a PTO motor,
The working machine connected to the rear of the machine is raised and lowered by the power of the hydraulic motor.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric power farm machine driven by a power source such as a battery instead of an engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Most agricultural tractors have a diesel engine mounted on the front part of the machine body, a radiator, a muffler, a battery, etc. arranged around the engine, and a mission at the rear part of the machine body. A transmission is provided in the case, and rotational power appropriately reduced by the transmission is transmitted to the front wheels and the rear wheels.

In recent years, the need for an environmentally friendly power farming machine has begun to be recognized, and the applicant of the present invention has proposed the tractor described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-300022 as an electric tractor.

[0004]

In the conventional device,
Many expensive parts such as an engine, a radiator, and a muffler are required, and there are drawbacks that the manufacturing cost becomes high and that the working environment is deteriorated due to large vibration and noise. Further, a small tractor may be put into a house for a management work, but in such a work, there is a problem that exhaust gas is trapped in the house and the work cannot be performed for a long time.

Further, since the structure disclosed in the above-mentioned publication proposed by the applicant is a structure in which a hydraulic pump is connected to the output shaft from the reduction gear box of the traveling system, the hydraulic pump is used even when hydraulic pressure is not required. Is driven to rotate and consumes extra power, and the rotation of the hydraulic pump fluctuates easily because it is easily affected by load fluctuation of the traveling system motor.

[0006]

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and the following technical means have been taken. That is, in the invention of claim 1, the traveling system motor 4 for driving the traveling device and the PTO system motor 1 for driving the working machine.
5 and a hydraulic system motor 7 for hydraulically driving the working machine, and these three motors 4, 7, 15 are driven by a battery 20 mounted on the machine body, thereby providing an electric power farm machine.

The invention according to claim 2 is the electric power-operated agricultural machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic system motor 7 is a hydraulic motor for driving the working machine up and down. Further, the invention of claim 3 is provided with front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3, the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 being driven by a traveling system motor 4, and
The PTO shaft 17 is mounted on the rear part of the machine body.
Is driven by a PTO system motor 15, and the working machine connected to the rear part of the machine body is moved up and down by the power of the hydraulic system motor 7. The electric power farm machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that.

Explaining the operation based on the above configuration, the electric power energy of the battery 20 which is the power source is given to the traveling system motor 4, the PTO system motor 15 and the hydraulic system motor 7, respectively, and the traveling system motor 4 operates the traveling device. Driven. PT
When the O-system motor 15 is driven, the PTO shaft 17 starts rotating and drives the work machine connected to the machine body. When the working machine is moved up and down by hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic system motor 7 and the hydraulic pump 8 driven by the hydraulic system motor 7 are driven to operate the hydraulic cylinder 11 for lifting the working machine.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. First, the structure will be described. 1 is a tractor as a power farming machine, which is provided with front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3 at the front and rear parts of the machine body, and a traveling system AC motor 4 is mounted at the front part of the machine body. The traveling system reduction gear box 5 is mounted on the rear part of the vehicle.

The traveling system deceleration gear box 5 is configured to transmit the rotational power appropriately decelerated to the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3. The tractor 1 can be switched between a state in which only the rear wheels 3 are driven and a state in which four wheels are simultaneously driven to drive the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 by using a clutch (not shown). A hydraulic system AC motor 7 for driving hydraulic equipment and a hydraulic pump 8 driven by the hydraulic system motor 7 are provided on the lateral sides of the traveling system AC motor 4.

When the hydraulic pump 8 is operated, the operating pressure oil is sent to the steering cylinder 10 of the power steering device 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 11 for raising and lowering the working machine. The working machine lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 rotates the lift arm 12 to move the working machine (not shown) connected to the rear part of the machine body up and down.

An AC motor 15 of the PTO system is mounted below the driver's seat 14, and its output shaft is connected to the input shaft in the rear transmission case 16. The PTO shaft 17 projecting from the rear end of the rear mission case 16 is rotatably driven by a PTO reduction gear mechanism (not shown) incorporated in the rear mission case 16. To be done. In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 20 is a battery, and these batteries 20 are arranged symmetrically on the body frame 22 so as to maintain a good balance in the left-right direction. .

Reference numeral 25 shown in FIG. 3 is a controller for controlling the rotation of the three AC motors, in other words, the traveling system motor 4, the PTO system motor 7, and the hydraulic system motor 15. That is, on the input side of the control controller 25, the traveling speed instruction operating device 26, the PTO speed instruction operating device 27, the hydraulic speed instruction operating device 28, the traveling motor rotation sensor 29, the PTO motor rotation sensor 30, the hydraulic motor rotation sensor. 31 is connected, and the drive system motor 4, the PTO system motor 15, and the hydraulic system motor 7 are connected to the output side through the inverters 32, 33, and 34.

The traveling speed instruction operating device 26 sets the vehicle speed of the tractor 1, and the controller 25 issues a command to the traveling inverter 32 so that the inverter frequency corresponds to the instructed position. Also,
The PTO speed instruction operating device 27 sets the rotation speed of the PTO shaft 17, and the controller 25 issues a control command to the PTO inverter 33 so as to maintain the set rotation speed. The hydraulic speed instruction operating device 28 sets the number of rotations of the hydraulic motor 7, and issues a control command to the inverter 34 in the same manner as in the above case. Each of these three motors 4, 7, and 15 changes the frequency of the inverter to change and adjust the rotation speed of the AC motor.

Since these motors are of the type in which the frequency is changed and the rotational speed is changed and adjusted, the rotation can be controlled to an optimum state in any of the traveling system, the PTO system, and the hydraulic system. In particular, in the present invention, since the hydraulic system motor 7 also employs a method of controlling the number of revolutions by changing the frequency of the inverter, it is possible to optimally control the number of revolutions of the hydraulic pump 8 required for hydraulic pressure, and when it is unnecessary, the minimum revolution There is an advantage that you do not need to use extra power consumption as a number or keep it in a stopped state.

FIG. 4 shows a method for eliminating the drawbacks of the hydraulic motor 7. If the hydraulic system motor 7 described above is in an unloaded state, there is a problem that the hydraulic system motor 7 continues to rotate due to inertial force even when the output of the hydraulic system motor 7 is stopped. In order to prevent this, a brake circuit that instantaneously stops at the stop output of the motor 7 is provided.

Referring to FIG. 4, a pressure reducing valve 39 and a diversion valve 40 are provided downstream of the hydraulic pump 8 which is rotated by the driving force of the hydraulic system motor 7, and the power steering device 9 for the power steering device 9 is provided downstream of the diversion valve 40. The control valve 41 and the control valve 42 for raising and lowering the working machine are provided. When the steering handle 13 is operated, the control valve 41 is appropriately switched, and the piston rod of the steering cylinder 10 is moved to the left and right to operate the front wheel 2
Steer.

When a hydraulic lever (not shown) is operated, the working machine lifting control valve 42 is switched to raise and lower the working machine. A control valve 44 that switches between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive is provided downstream of the pressure reducing valve 39. Reference numeral 45 is a relief valve. In this embodiment, the hydraulic pump 8 to the pressure reducing valve 39
A pressure load that serves as a brake is provided between the oil passages leading to. By providing such a circuit configuration, the brake device for the hydraulic system motor 7 can be configured easily and inexpensively.

Next, the operation of the above example will be described. Tractor 1
When a working machine such as a rotary is connected to the rear part to start the plowing work, the traveling vehicle speed is set by the traveling speed instruction operation device 26 corresponding to the traveling speed change lever, and the PTO speed instruction operation device 27 corresponding to the PTO speed change lever is set. By P
Sets the rotation speed of the TO shaft 17. The frequencies of the traveling motor 4 and the PTO motor 15 are instructed to the inverters 32 and 33 by the command of the controller 25, and the motors 4 and 15 are driven at the set rotational speeds.

With the traveling of the tractor 1, the plowing work by the working machine is started to cultivate the soil. Then, a hydraulic operating lever (not shown) is operated to raise the work machine at the edge of the ridge, and the hydraulic system motor 7 is driven at approximately the same time or by appropriately operating the hydraulic speed instruction operating device 28 in advance, and the hydraulic pump 8 Is driven, the pressure oil sent from the hydraulic pump 8 flows into the hydraulic cylinder 11 for lifting the working machine,
The lift arm 12 is rotated to lift the working machine. At this time, if the hydraulic speed instruction operating device 28 is operated to the speed increasing side, the rotation speed of the motor 7 can be increased, and the lifting speed itself can be increased by increasing the oil amount.

When the working machine is to be lowered again after finishing the turning at the ridge, the hydraulic operation lever is operated to the lower side to discharge the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 11 into the rear mission case 16 which is a hydraulic tank. , The lift arm 12 is rotated downward to land the working machine. In this example,
The power steering device 9 is also driven by the hydraulic system motor 7, and the steering handle 13
The hydraulic system motor 7 is activated only when is operated to feed the operating pressure oil into the steering cylinder 10.

As described above, in the tractor 1 of the above-described embodiment, the hydraulic motor 7 among the three motors is not always driven, but is driven only when necessary. It consumes less power than the one that drives 7 constantly, so that it is possible to perform agricultural work for a relatively long time.

Next, a comparative example of FIGS. 5 to 9 will be described. 5 is a side view of the tractor, FIG. 6 is a hydraulic circuit diagram, FIG. 7 is a time chart, FIG. 8 is a hydraulic circuit diagram, and FIG. 9 is a characteristic graph. The difference between the tractor 50 described here and the tractor 1 described in the above embodiment is whether or not the engine 51 is mounted, and the tractor shown in this example is the same type as the conventional type in which the engine 51 is mounted on the front part of the machine body. belongs to. In this tractor 50, an electric motor 52 is attached to a side portion of an engine 51, and a hydraulic pump 53 is attached to a rear portion of the engine 51. The electric motor 52 is configured to drive the electric motor 52 only when necessary.

That is, when the hydraulic pump 53 is operated, operating pressure oil is sent into the hydraulic cylinder 54, and the lift arm 55 is rotated to lift the working machine. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 56 is a front wheel, 57 is a rear wheel, 58 is an all-hydraulic power steering unit, 59 is a steering wheel, and 6
Reference numeral 0 is a hydraulic cylinder case, 61 is a hydraulic pipe connecting the hydraulic pump 53 and the hydraulic cylinder 54, and 62 is a propeller shaft for driving the front wheels. The circuit configuration of the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 6 will be briefly described. A potentiometer 64 is provided at the rotation base of the position lever 63 that raises and lowers the working machine.
On the other hand, the potentiometer 65 is also attached to the base of the lift arm 55, and the lift arm 55 is controlled so that the lift arm 55 is positioned at the height set by the position lever 63. That is, the control valve 68 at the 3-port / 3-position is switched by a command from the controller 67.
70 is a lift rod and 71 is a lower link.

When the position lever 63 is operated to raise the working machine, a rotation command is issued from the controller 67 to the electric motor 52, the electric motor 52 is rotated, and the hydraulic pump 53 is driven. At the same time, the control valve 68 is switched,
The operating pressure oil sent from the hydraulic pump 53 is sent into the hydraulic cylinder 54 via the control valve 68, and the lift arm 55 is rotated upward to lift the working machine. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the raising signal and the lowering signal issued from the controller 67 and the output of the motor 52.

FIG. 8 is a modification of the partial hydraulic circuit configuration of FIG. 6, in which the control valve 68 is replaced with an ON / OFF valve 69 to control the flow rate. In FIG. 9, the horizontal axis represents the motor rotation speed, and the vertical axis represents the deviation between the potentiometer value of the position lever 63 and the potentiometer value of the lift arm 55. Hydraulic pump 5
3 is driven by the electric motor 52 to control the rotation speed of the motor according to the required flow rate. By thus controlling the hydraulic pressure by the required flow rate, the energy loss can be greatly reduced.

Next, a comparative example shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 will be described. The tractor explained here usually runs with the driving force of the engine, and when the large torque is not required on the road or in the field, the traction motor is driven with the electric power charged by the generator. The present invention relates to a so-called hybrid type tractor.

The structure will be briefly described with reference to FIG. 10. A generator 81 is provided at the front of the engine 80, and the engine 8
A reduction gear mechanism 84 is connected to the output shaft 82 of 0, and a PTO transmission unit 85 is connected via a clutch B to the rear of the transmission. A PTO shaft 87 is provided at the rear of the PTO speed changer 85, and an input shaft (not shown) on the working machine side is connected to the PTO shaft 87 via a universal joint or the like to drive the working machine.

On the front side of the reduction gear mechanism 84, there is provided a continuously variable transmission 88 made of hydraulic pressure or Belcon.
A clutch A is provided on the front side of the continuously variable transmission 88,
Further, a reduction gear mechanism 89 is provided on the front side thereof, and the power of the engine 80 side is transmitted to the rear wheel differential device 90 side via the reduction gear mechanism 89.

A reduction gear mechanism 91 and a rear axle 92 are provided behind the transmission of the rear wheel differential device 90, and a rear wheel 93 is attached to the end of the rear axle 92. Immediately before the rear wheel differential device 90, a gear mechanism 95 for branching power to transmit rotational power to the front wheel side is provided, and the front wheel drive shaft 99 is rotationally driven via the front wheel speed increasing device 98. The front wheel speed increasing device 98 is a so-called double speed device, which speeds up or speeds up the rotation speed of the front wheels with respect to the rear wheels 93, and switches between high and low in conjunction with the steering wheel operation.

On the other hand, in FIG. 10, an electric traveling motor 102 is provided separately from the engine 80, and a reduction gear mechanism 104 is provided at the rear portion of the traveling motor 102, and a traveling system of the traveling system is provided via a clutch C. It is configured to transmit rotational power to the output shaft 105. Running motor 102
When the traveling load is too large and the torque is insufficient when traveling by, the power is assisted from the engine 80 side. The transmission actuator 106 is adapted to match the rotational speed when the power of the engine 80 is merged with the power of the traveling system by the electric motor 102. That is, the transmission ratio of the continuously variable transmission 88 that receives power from the engine 80 is adjusted by the transmission actuator 106, and the adjusted rotational power is transmitted to the traveling system output shaft 105 via the clutch A and the reduction gear mechanism 89. Communicate and give power assistance.

FIG. 11 is a control block diagram for enabling the control, and the basic configuration is similar to that of FIG. A traveling speed instruction operating device 110 for setting a vehicle speed, a PTO speed instruction operating device 111 for setting the rotation speed of the PTO shaft 87, and a traveling motor 10 are provided on the input side of the controller 120 that controls the vehicle.
Travel motor rotation sensor 1 for detecting the rotation speed of the output shaft of 2
12, PTO rotation sensor 113 for detecting the number of rotations of the PTO shaft 87, transmission actuator position sensor 114 for detecting the position of the transmission actuator 106, work contents (for example, traveling mode, PTO work mode, towing work mode, etc.) are set. The work content designation device 115 to be connected is connected,
On the output side, in addition to clutch A, clutch B, and clutch C, an inverter 116 that adjusts the rotation speed of the traveling motor 102, a transmission actuator 106, and a meter panel 1 are provided.
18 is connected.

FIG. 12 is a control flowchart. First, in step S1, the information of various sensors shown in the block diagram of FIG. 11 is read, and the inverter frequency instructed by the traveling speed instruction operating device 110 is set (step S2). The frequency is corrected so that the traveling speed is maintained at the instructed speed (step S
3) The running load factor is calculated (step S4).

Here, the load factor means the difference between the inverter frequency at the time of no load for driving at the designated rotation speed and the inverter frequency at the present operation time for maintaining the designated rotation speed. Clutch B when the PTO shaft 87 is not used
Is turned off (step S6), and conversely, when it is used, the clutch B is turned on (step S7).

When the vehicle is not traveling, the traveling motor 102 and the clutch C are turned off (step S
9). When the vehicle is traveling, the traveling motor 102 and the clutch C are turned on (step S10). When moving in the field or traveling on the road, the traveling motor 10 is used as described above.
Drive 2 to run.

At this time, when the traveling load becomes large, the engine 80 is driven and the clutch A is engaged (step S1).
2) The power of the engine 80 is merged with the traveling system to assist the power. Also, the engine 80 is driven when the voltage of the battery 117 is lowered and needs to be charged (step S14).

As described above, in the tractor in this example, when traveling in a place such as a field or on the road where torque is not required, traveling by only the electric traveling motor 102 is performed with the electric power charged by the generator 81. Enable and drive motor 10
Since the engine 80 is driven only when the traveling torque is insufficient during traveling by 2 and the driving force is merged with the traveling system of the traveling motor 102 to assist the power, the traveling motor 102 can be downsized. The fuel efficiency can be improved significantly while being achieved.

Although not shown in the drawing, when the operator tries to suddenly stop the tractor while traveling with the electric traveling motor 102, the electric power is supplied to the traveling motor 102 in conjunction with the operation of the brake pedal. The aircraft can be stopped for a short braking distance by stopping the.

Further, if the rotation of the PTO shaft for driving the working machine is stopped first when the voltage drop of the battery 117 power supply becomes remarkable, the traveling system and the working machine drive system stop substantially at the same time. You can avoid the worst that might happen.

[0040]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. That is, according to the first aspect of the invention, a traveling system motor for driving the traveling device and a P for driving the working machine are provided.
The TO-motor and the hydraulic motor for hydraulically driving the work machine are provided, and these three motors are driven by the battery mounted on the machine body. There is no fear of deteriorating the environment, the layout of the equipment can be freely arranged, and the degree of freedom in design increases, and since the hydraulic system motor can be driven only when hydraulic system power is required, Power loss is less than in the past where the hydraulic pump was driven even when unnecessary.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the hydraulic system motor is a hydraulic motor for driving the working machine up and down, it can be driven only when the working machine is raised, and the power consumption of the battery can be reduced. The invention according to claim 3 is provided with front wheels and rear wheels, the front wheels and the rear wheels are driven by a traveling system motor, and a PTO shaft is mounted on a rear portion of the machine body. The PTO shaft is driven by a PTO motor. Since the working machine connected to the rear part of the machine body is moved up and down by the power of the hydraulic motor, the electric power-operated agricultural machine according to claim 1 is used. Therefore, the traveling speed, the rotation of the PTO shaft, and the lifting of the working machine can be performed. Optimum control is possible, and particularly in the case of a hydraulic motor, the rotation of the pump can be finely controlled, and the hydraulic pump can be stopped when it is not needed, so that the power loss of the battery can be significantly reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a tractor.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tractor.

FIG. 3 is a control block diagram.

FIG. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the tractor.

FIG. 6 is a hydraulic circuit diagram.

FIG. 7 is a time chart.

FIG. 8 is a hydraulic circuit diagram.

FIG. 9 is a flow rate characteristic graph.

FIG. 10 is a power transmission diagram.

FIG. 11 is a control block diagram.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 tractor 2 front wheels 3 rear wheels 4 Traveling system motor 7 Hydraulic system motor 8 hydraulic pump 9 Power steering device 12 lift arm 15 PTO system motor 17 PTO axis

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Nobuaki Ikeuchi             No. 1 Yakura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tomoaki Watanabe             No. 1 Yakura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masanori Shinoda             No. 1 Yakura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Hori             No. 1 Yakura, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture             Technology Department Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2B041 AA02 AA06 AA13 AA20 AB05                       CA03 CA16 EA02 EA16 EA22                       EB16 HA02 HA03 HA04 HA15                       HA17 HA24 HA25 HA28                 3H089 BB01 DA02 DA14 DB03 DB05                       DB16 DB43 EE36 GG02 JJ17

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A battery comprising a traveling system motor for driving a traveling device, a PTO system motor for driving a working machine, and a hydraulic system motor for hydraulically driving the working machine, and a battery having these three motors mounted on a machine body. An electric power-driven agricultural machine characterized by being driven. 2. The electric power-operated agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic system motor is a hydraulic motor for driving the working machine up and down. 3. A front wheel and a rear wheel, wherein the front wheel and the rear wheel are driven by a traveling system motor, and a PTO shaft is mounted on the rear part of the machine body. The PTO shaft is driven by the PTO system motor, and the rear part of the machine body is driven. The electric power-operated agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein the working machine connected to the machine is moved up and down by the power of a hydraulic system motor.