JP2003089003A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool enabling tool replacement either from the front or the rear of the bed. SOLUTION: The machine tool is configured so that a reciprocating table 4 moving along the Z-axis is placed on the bed 1 furnished at one end with a spindle stock, and a tool rest 5 moving along the X-axis is placed on the reciprocating table 4, wherein a machining cover 21 capable of being opened and closed and covering at least the moving extent of the table 4 is installed in front of the bed 1 while a similar machining cover is installed behind the bed 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a lathe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In many recent machine tools, a cutting cover covers a cutting area where a tool acts on a work. This is to prevent the scattering of chips and cutting oil, but in NC machines and the like that often work unattended, almost all of them have a cutting cover from the viewpoint of safety. Since the cutting cover is used during cutting, it must be possible to open the cutting area when exchanging tools and workpieces during non-machining. For this reason, the cutting cover can be opened and closed, and in many cases, it is configured by a sliding door type.

[0003]

The above is the front side of the machine body where the worker is located, but the same can be said for the back side of the machine body. However, when it comes to lathes, there are ones that use a tilted bed with a high back and ones that have a headstock and a tool rest behind them.In these types, the bed itself and the headstock are barriers. Therefore,
The back cover is not particularly necessary. However, in the case of a normal lathe type in which a carriage is mounted on a horizontal bed with a headstock at one end, the back cover must also be considered.

In many cases, it is covered with a fixed cover body, but when this is done, it is not possible to turn around the side of the machine and touch the tool or work. In particular, in order to attach as many tools as possible, if the tool post is composed of a long table in the front and back, and when setting or resetting the tool near the other end, it is far from the front side and it is very difficult. hard. The present invention solves such a problem, and the point is to attach a cutting cover that can be opened and closed on the back side as well as on the front side.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the above problems, the present invention provides a carriage having a headstock installed at one end thereof on which a carriage movable arbitrarily in the Z-axis direction is mounted. In a machine tool with a tool rest that moves freely in the X-axis direction, a cutting cover that covers at least the moving range of the carriage is provided on the front side of the bed, and a similar cutting cover is provided on the back side of the bed. Provided is a machine tool characterized by being provided.

According to the above machine tool, since the cutting cover that can be opened and closed is provided on the back side of the bed, the work and the tool can be touched by opening the cutting cover on the other side. In other words, the tools can be replaced from both the labor side and the back side of the bed to facilitate the work. Of course, when it is not necessary, the cutting cover is closed so that the cutting chips and the cutting oil do not scatter.

In this case, the two cutting covers according to claim 2 have the same structure, and both of them are Z-shaped.
If it slides in the axial direction, it can be manufactured at a low cost, and if the bed is horizontal and the tool rest is composed of a long table in the front and rear, it is usually the rear side. Since an open space will be formed,
This means has great significance.

Further, the present invention is the machine tool described above, wherein an operating panel having an operating surface facing the front side is provided on the headstock according to claim 4, and the operating panel is provided around the vertical axis. At least 180 °. According to this, it is sufficient to rotate the operation panel by 180 ° when turning to the opposite side and touching the tool or the work.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned means can be applied to the one in which the headstock is installed at the other end of the bed as described in claim 5. Recently, so-called two-headed heads are often used for efficiency and centralization of machining. However, when the present invention is applied to such a head, it is possible to work with either headstock on the left and right. And its usefulness is further enhanced.

In addition, according to the present invention, in the above machine tool, the wiring / pipes extended from the connection source to the equipment mounted on the carriage as described in claim 6 are extended in a state of being housed in the bed. , A means for extending the equipment mounted on the turret with the wiring and pipes extended from the carriage accommodated in the carriage. Wiring and piping can be hidden by storing them in a bed or carriage so that they will not be hit and damaged. In this case, if both the wiring and the piping according to claim 7 are bundled with a cable carrier from the connection source to the connection destination, the functionality is good and the design is neat. become.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG. 3 is a plan view. The one headstock 2 and the second headstock 3 are installed, and the carriage 1 that moves arbitrarily in the Z-axis direction is placed on the bed 1 between the two headstocks 2 and 3, and the carriage 4 moves arbitrarily in the X-axis direction. It has a well-known structure on which the tool rest 5 is placed.

When standing on the front side of the bed 1, the left headstock is the first headstock 2 and the right handhead is the second headstock 3. 3, main shafts 6 and 7 that can be appropriately changed in speed and are rotatable are provided with their heads facing each other and set concentrically. In the bed 1 of this example, two sliding parts with respect to the carriage 4 are provided horizontally, and the moving surfaces of the carriage 4 and the tool rest 5 are both set horizontally. The lathe having such a structure is of a so-called two-head type, which mainly has a chuck work, and when one side (front surface) of the work is machined by one spindle 6, the other spindle 7 is kept in that direction. In many cases, the back side is processed.

Therefore, this type of lathe is often equipped with an autoloader or the like that automatically attaches and detaches materials and workpieces, and the lathe of this example also stores materials (unprocessed blanks). The stocker 8 for storing the processed or semi-processed work and the material of the stocker 8 are supplied to the automatic chucks (not shown) mounted on the respective spindles 6 and 7, and the processed or semi-processed work is stored. An autoloader 9 is attached which is detached from the automatic chuck and stored in the stocker 8.

Since all of these have a well-known structure, they will not be described in detail here, but in short, the autoloader 9 grips a work by using the rail 10 installed along the bed 1 as a guide and can move up and down. The device 11 moves on the axes of both the spindles 6 and 7 between the first headstock 2 and the stocker 8 beyond the second headstock 3. A cover 12 is provided above the two headstocks 2 and 3, but a pocket 13 is formed at a position where the gripping device 11 moves up and down so as to avoid interference with the cover 12.

FIG. 4 is a partially sectional front view of the tool rest 5, but the tool rest 5 of this example is a table 14 which is long in the front and rear direction, and a tool holder 16 for holding a tool 15 thereon.
Can be fixed. In this case, table 1
On the upper surface of 4, there are two parallel grooves 18 that can accommodate the piece 17 in the front-rear direction and can be fixed by tightening the piece 17 by passing the bolt 19 through the tool holder 16. I have to. In addition, tool holder 1
The lower surface of 6 is formed with a ridge 20 that can be fitted into at least one groove 18 so that the horizontal position with respect to the table 14 and the planar inclination are always constant.

Further, in the lathe of this example, the carriage 4 and the tool rest 5 are
A linear motor is used for the movement of the so as to move at high speed. Although a linear motor used as a moving mechanism of this kind is already known and will not be described in detail here, in short, a stator member composed of a fixed magnet group in which curved surfaces of N pole and S pole are arranged upward is attached on the bed 1. A slider member composed of an exciting coil is attached to the lower surface of the carriage 4. Then, by supplying electric power to the exciting coil, an electromagnetic interaction is generated with the fixed magnet group to move the carriage 4. In this case, the stop position is set by reading the scale on the bed 1 with the scale head provided on the carriage 4.
In addition to this, the movement of the tool rest 5 is similar, and the stator member and the slider member described above are connected to the carriage 4 and the tool rest 5.
Will be installed between and.

Further, in the front side space and the rear side space on the bed 1, at least a cutting area in which the carriage 4 moves is covered with cutting covers 21 and 22. The cutting covers 21 and 22 of this example cover a space between the upper end of the bed 1 and the front and rear ends of the top surfaces of the two headstocks 2 and 3 with a constant width, and the rails 23 and 24 are provided at the respective positions. It is laid so that it can slide on the rails 23 and 24.
Since the carriage 4 exists in the front and rear over the width of the bed 1, this part of the cutting covers 21 and 22 has a central protruding shape that bulges in the front and rear.

The cutting covers 21 and 22 are made of a rigid plate such as an iron plate, and transparent portions 25 and 26 made of bulletproof glass are formed in the center so that the cutting conditions can be seen.
In addition, handles 27 and 28 for operating are also provided.
The cutting covers 21 and 22 of this example both have the same structure and are normally present between the two headstocks 2 and 3, but are slid in the direction of the first headstock 2. When,
The cutting area is open. As described above, the operator can touch the tool or the like by opening the cutting covers 21 and 22 regardless of whether the operator is located on the front side or the back side.

The lathe is operated by operating the buttons, switches, and dials provided on the operation panel 29. The operation panel 29 of this example has the operation surface facing toward the front side of the first headstock. It is provided above 2. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting of the operation panel 29. A drum 31 is rotatably fitted to a base cylinder 30 standing on a fixing member, and the operation panel 29 is attached to the drum 31. And drum 3
1, that is, the operation panel 29 can be rotated by at least 180 ° so that the operation surface can be seen from either the front surface or the back surface. Thus, the operation panel 29 can be touched on the spot regardless of whether the work is performed on the front side or the back side.

The carriage 4 and the tool rest 5 are equipped with various equipments, and a drive source, an output body, and electricity or fluid for condition maintenance are supplied to these equipments through wiring or piping.
For example, if the above-mentioned linear motor is used, electric wires for supplying electric power to the exciting coil and scale head, hoses for supplying cooling liquid and air purge to the slider member, and further cutting oil and air blow air are supplied. There are things such as hoses to supply.

Conventionally, these wiring and piping 32, 33
Is bundled from the connection source (for example, the control panel 34 provided at the right rear portion of the bed 1 or the fixed terminals provided at appropriate places of the bed 1 and the carriage 4) along the bed 1 or the tool rest. 5 was extended to the connection side in an exposed state both along 5 or in the rear, but in the present invention, the one that reaches the carriage 4 is the one that is housed inside the bed 1 and that reaches the tool rest 5. Are extended in such a manner that they are housed inside the carriage 4.

In this case, which wiring / pipes 32, 3
All three cables are bundled by the cable bears 35 and 36 into one. When these cable bears 35 and 36 are used, the wiring and piping 32 and 33 extend from the connection source and are inverted at a constant radius to reach the connection destination set at a position higher than this. Even if the carriage 4 and the tool rest 5 move, this inversion mode does not change, and the connection source and the connection destination are each lengthened.

Therefore, when the wirings / pipes 32, 33 are to be stored inside the bed 1 or the carriage 4, the upper surfaces of the bed 1 or the carriage 4 are recessed so that the wirings / pipes 32 of the connection source are It means to store in. When the wiring / pipes 32 and 33 are housed in the bed 1 or the carriage 4, it is possible to prevent a situation where the wiring / pipes 32 and 33 are hit by an object and are damaged, and the design is neat. Especially, these wiring and piping 3
Since the reference numerals 2 and 33 move along with the movement of the carriage 4 and the tool rest 5, there are quite a few situations in which they are hit by an object and damaged, but this can be prevented.

[0023]

As described above, according to the machine tool of the present invention, since the cutting cover that can be opened and closed is provided on the back side of the bed, the cutting cover can be turned to the opposite side to touch the work or tool. You can In other words, the tools can be replaced from both the labor side and the back side of the bed to facilitate the work. Of course, when it is not necessary, the cutting cover is closed so that the cutting chips and the cutting oil do not scatter.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially sectional front view showing an example of a tool rest of a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of attachment of an operation panel of a machine tool according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 bed 2 First headstock 3 Second headstock 4 carriages 5 Turret 14 tables 21 cutting cover 22 〃 29 Operation panel 32 Wiring / Piping 33 〃

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool comprising a bed having a headstock installed at one end and a carriage that moves arbitrarily in the Z-axis direction, and a tool rest that moves arbitrarily in the X-axis direction is mounted on the carriage on the front side of the bed. A machine tool having a cutting cover that can be opened and closed to cover at least the movement range of the carriage and a similar cutting cover provided on the back side of the bed. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the two cutting covers have the same structure and both slide in the Z-axis direction. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the bed is horizontal, and the tool rest is a table that is long in the front-rear direction. 4. An operation panel having an operation surface directed to the front side is provided on the headstock, and the operation panel is rotatable at least 180 ° around a vertical axis. That machine tool. 5. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a headstock is installed at the other end of the bed. 6. The wiring / pipes extended from the connection source to the equipment mounted on the carriage while being accommodated in the bed, and the wiring / pipes extended from the carriage to the equipment mounted on the tool rest. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the machine tool is extended while being housed in a carriage. 7. The machine tool according to claim 6, wherein both wirings and pipes are bundled together by a cable bear (registered trademark) from a connection source to a connection destination.