JP2002126734A - Filtering operation method - Google Patents
Filtering operation methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002126734A JP2002126734A JP2000328321A JP2000328321A JP2002126734A JP 2002126734 A JP2002126734 A JP 2002126734A JP 2000328321 A JP2000328321 A JP 2000328321A JP 2000328321 A JP2000328321 A JP 2000328321A JP 2002126734 A JP2002126734 A JP 2002126734A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- filtration
- backwashing
- raw water
- filtration operation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、活性汚泥法等を適
用して処理された生物処理液を原水とする濾過運転方法
に関し、特にダイナミック膜を形成させて濾過を行う場
合に適した濾過運転方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a filtration operation method using a biologically treated liquid treated by applying an activated sludge method or the like as raw water, and more particularly to a filtration operation suitable for performing filtration by forming a dynamic membrane. About the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】活性汚
泥法等を適用して処理された生物処理液は、未だ多量の
懸濁質（ＳＳ）を含んでいるため、膜として不織布、ネ
ット等を用いた濾過によってＳＳの除去処理がなされて
いる。2. Description of the Related Art A biological treatment solution treated by applying an activated sludge method or the like still contains a large amount of suspended solid (SS), so that a non-woven fabric, a net, etc. is used as a membrane. The removal process of SS is performed by filtration using.
【０００３】このような不織布やネットを用いた濾過の
場合、ミクロフィルター等に比べると目開きが大きいの
で、所謂ダイナミック濾過により、ＳＳの除去率を高め
ることが行われている。このダイナミック濾過は、不織
布やネットの孔にＳＳ乃至はフロック（活性汚泥等のＳ
Ｓの凝集塊）を沈積させ、ダイナミック膜を形成させて
行う濾過法であるため、安定した濾過能力を維持するに
は、好適なダイナミック膜の速やかな形成と厚みの制御
が重要となる。[0003] In the case of such a filtration using a nonwoven fabric or a net, the aperture is larger than that of a microfilter or the like. Therefore, so-called dynamic filtration is used to increase the removal rate of SS. This dynamic filtration is performed by using SS or floc (S
(Agglomerates of S) are deposited to form a dynamic membrane, and thus, in order to maintain stable filtration performance, rapid formation of a suitable dynamic membrane and control of its thickness are important.
【０００４】通常の濾過運転においては、運転を継続し
て行くとＳＳ等の沈積でダイナミック膜の膜厚が増大
し、圧密化して濾過能力が低下するので、逆洗浄で膜面
のＳＳ等を除去して膜厚を制御し、濾過能力を回復する
処理がなされる。しかし、逆洗浄のみでダイナミック膜
の膜厚を制御するのは困難であり、むしろダイナミック
膜が破壊されることで濾過運転再開後に新たなダイナミ
ック膜が形成されるまでの濾過能力が低下する場合があ
る。In a normal filtration operation, as the operation is continued, the thickness of the dynamic membrane increases due to the deposition of SS and the like, and the filtration capacity decreases due to compaction. Removal is performed to control the film thickness and restore the filtering ability. However, it is difficult to control the thickness of the dynamic membrane only by backwashing, and rather, the dynamic membrane may be destroyed, resulting in a decrease in the filtration capacity until a new dynamic membrane is formed after resuming the filtration operation. is there.
【０００５】また、逆洗浄時には、通常、濾液を逆洗浄
水として使用するが、この濾液の使用量をより少なくし
てエネルギーの消費量を少なくすることも、長期間運転
を継続して行く上で重要な要素となる。At the time of back washing, the filtrate is usually used as back washing water. However, the amount of energy consumed by reducing the amount of the filtrate can be reduced, or the operation can be continued for a long period of time. Is an important factor.
【０００６】本発明は、濾過と逆洗浄を組み合わせた濾
過運転において、安定した濾過能力を長期間維持するこ
とができ、特にダイナミック膜を形成させる濾過法に好
適な濾過運転方法を提供することを課題とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration operation method which can maintain a stable filtration performance for a long period of time in a filtration operation combining filtration and backwashing, and is particularly suitable for a filtration method for forming a dynamic membrane. Make it an issue.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決する手段として、生物処理液を原水とし、膜エレメン
トが収容された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組
み合わせて行う濾過運転方法であり、逆洗浄終了後から
所要時間の濾過運転の停止期間を設け、原水中にフロッ
クを成長させて濾過運転を再開することを特徴とする濾
過運転方法を提供する。According to the present invention, there is provided, as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a filtration operation method in which a biological treatment solution is used as raw water and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a membrane element. In addition, the present invention provides a filtration operation method characterized by providing a suspension period of the filtration operation for a required time after completion of the backwashing, growing flocs in raw water and restarting the filtration operation.
【０００８】更に本発明は、上記課題を解決する他の手
段として、生物処理液を原水とし、膜エレメントが収容
された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組み合わせ
て行う濾過運転方法であり、流速の異なる逆洗浄を２回
以上行うことを特徴とする濾過運転方法を提供する。[0008] Further, the present invention provides, as another means for solving the above problems, a filtration operation method in which biological treatment liquid is used as raw water, and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a membrane element. There is provided a filtration operation method characterized by performing backwashing at different flow rates twice or more.
【０００９】更に本発明は、上記課題を解決する他の手
段として、生物処理液を原水とし、平膜エレメントが収
容された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組み合わ
せて行う濾過運転方法であり、上方から下方への平均膜
面線速が０．０５〜１ｃｍ／秒となるように運転するこ
とを特徴とする濾過運転方法を提供する。Further, the present invention provides, as another means for solving the above problems, a filtration operation method in which biological treatment liquid is used as raw water and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a flat membrane element. And a filtration operation method wherein the operation is performed such that the average membrane surface linear velocity from above to below becomes 0.05 to 1 cm / sec.
【００１０】更に本発明は、上記課題を解決する他の手
段として、上記の濾過運転方法であり、過運転時に膜面
にダイナミック膜を形成させることを特徴とする濾過運
転方法を提供する。Further, as another means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a filtration operation method as described above, wherein a dynamic membrane is formed on the membrane surface during overoperation.
【００１１】本発明において、膜エレメントとは、膜と
膜の支持部材（支持枠と共に、ろ液排出管、逆洗水導入
管、濃縮液排出管等の濾過に必要な手段を備えている）
とを組み合わせたものを意味し、濾過膜モジュールは、
ハウジング内に所要数の膜エレメントが収容された濾過
機能を備えたものを意味する。In the present invention, the membrane element is a membrane and a membrane support member (equipped with a support frame and means necessary for filtration such as a filtrate discharge pipe, a backwash water introduction pipe, and a concentrated liquid discharge pipe).
Means the combination of the filtration membrane module,
It means a housing provided with a filtration function in which a required number of membrane elements are accommodated in a housing.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図１に基づいて本発明の濾
過運転方法を説明する。図１は、一般的な濾過運転にお
ける処理フローの概念図であり、本発明の濾過運転方法
は図１に示す処理フローに限定されるものではない。 （１）第１の実施形態 まず、本発明の濾過運転方法における第１の実施形態に
ついて説明する。原水タンク（生物処理槽）１０には、
活性汚泥法等で処理された生物処理液が入っており、こ
れが原水となる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The filtration operation method of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a processing flow in a general filtration operation, and the filtration operation method of the present invention is not limited to the processing flow shown in FIG. (1) First Embodiment First, a first embodiment of the filtration operation method of the present invention will be described. In the raw water tank (biological treatment tank) 10,
It contains a biological treatment liquid treated by the activated sludge method or the like, and this becomes raw water.
【００１３】原水タンク１０の原水は、循環ポンプ２０
によって原水供給ライン３０を経て、上方から膜モジュ
ール１２に供給される。なお、過剰量の原水は、オーバ
ーフローライン３２から原水タンク１０に返送される。
膜モジュール１２の下部には、図示していない散気（曝
気）管が取り付けられており、その底部から原水タンク
１０に濃縮液ライン３４が接続され、濃縮液は適宜原水
タンク１０に返送される。The raw water in the raw water tank 10 is supplied to a circulation pump 20.
Is supplied to the membrane module 12 from above through the raw water supply line 30. The excess raw water is returned from the overflow line 32 to the raw water tank 10.
A diffuser (aeration) pipe (not shown) is attached to the lower part of the membrane module 12, and a concentrate line 34 is connected to the raw water tank 10 from the bottom thereof, and the concentrate is appropriately returned to the raw water tank 10. .
【００１４】膜モジュール１２は、内部に複数の膜エレ
メントが収容されており、この膜エレメントは平膜型、
チューブラー型、中空糸型、スパイラル型等のいずれで
もよいが、本発明では平膜エレメントが望ましい。The membrane module 12 contains a plurality of membrane elements therein, and the membrane element is a flat membrane type.
Any of a tubular type, a hollow fiber type and a spiral type may be used, but a flat membrane element is desirable in the present invention.
【００１５】平膜エレメントは、鉛直方向、水平方向及
び斜め方向のいずれの方向に設置されていてもよいが、
ダイナミック膜の膜厚の制御を容易にするためには、水
平方向に間隔をおいて鉛直方向に設置されていることが
望ましい。The flat membrane element may be installed in any of a vertical direction, a horizontal direction and an oblique direction.
In order to facilitate the control of the thickness of the dynamic film, it is desirable that the dynamic film is installed in the vertical direction with an interval in the horizontal direction.
【００１６】膜モジュール１２で濾過した濾液は、濾液
ライン３６を経て、濾液タンク１４に送られて貯水され
る。The filtrate filtered by the membrane module 12 is sent to the filtrate tank 14 via the filtrate line 36 and stored therein.
【００１７】このような濾過運転を継続して行った場
合、膜エレメントの膜面に過剰のＳＳ乃至はフロック
（活性汚泥等のＳＳの凝集塊）が付着して濾過能力が低
下するため、適宜逆洗浄を行って過剰なＳＳ乃至はフロ
ックを取り除く。この逆洗浄は、循環ポンプ２２を作動
させて濾過液タンク１４内の濾液を逆洗浄ライン３８か
ら逆洗浄タンク１６に送った後、膜モジュール１２内の
膜エレメント内部に濾液を供給することにより行う。When such a filtration operation is continuously performed, excessive SS or floc (agglomeration of SS such as activated sludge) adheres to the membrane surface of the membrane element, and the filtration capacity is reduced. Backwash is performed to remove excess SS or flocs. This back washing is performed by operating the circulation pump 22 to send the filtrate in the filtrate tank 14 from the back washing line 38 to the back washing tank 16 and then supplying the filtrate to the inside of the membrane element in the membrane module 12. .
【００１８】以上のとおり、原水タンク１０からの原水
の供給から、濾過液タンク１４へのろ液の貯水までの一
連の濾過と逆洗浄が基本的フローであり、第１の実施形
態では、このような基本的フローにおいて下記の逆洗浄
処理を組み合わせた点が特徴となる。As described above, a series of filtration and backwashing from the supply of raw water from the raw water tank 10 to the storage of the filtrate in the filtrate tank 14 is a basic flow. In the first embodiment, this is the basic flow. The feature is that the following back washing process is combined in such a basic flow.
【００１９】この実施形態では、逆洗浄終了後、原水中
にフロックが存在する状態で濾過運転を再開する。な
お、逆洗浄条件は特に限定されないが、洗浄効率を高め
るため、逆洗浄時に膜モジュール１２の下部から、散気
管で膜エレメントの表面を曝気することが望ましい。In this embodiment, after the backwashing is completed, the filtration operation is restarted in a state where the floc is present in the raw water. The conditions for the backwashing are not particularly limited, but it is desirable to aerate the surface of the membrane element from the lower part of the membrane module 12 with a diffuser tube at the time of backwashing in order to increase the washing efficiency.
【００２０】逆洗浄時、膜面のフロック及び原水中のフ
ロックは、逆洗浄時の圧力で崩壊してしまうので、逆洗
浄終了後、直ちに濾過運転を再開した場合、新たにフロ
ックが成長するまでの間、ＳＳがそのまま膜エレメント
を通過してしまう。更に、ＳＳによって緻密なダイナミ
ック膜が形成されてしまうので、濾過運転再開後の透水
速度が逆洗浄前に比べて低下してしまう。従って、上記
したとおり、逆洗浄終了後、原水中にフロックが成長し
てから濾過運転を再開することにより、速やかに適度な
ダイナミック膜を形成でき、逆洗浄前と同程度の濾過能
力を維持することができる。At the time of back washing, the flocs on the membrane surface and the flocs in the raw water break down due to the pressure at the time of the back washing. During this time, SS passes through the membrane element as it is. Furthermore, since a dense dynamic membrane is formed by SS, the water permeation rate after resuming the filtration operation is lower than that before back washing. Therefore, as described above, after the backwashing is completed, the floc is grown in the raw water and the filtration operation is restarted, whereby an appropriate dynamic membrane can be quickly formed, and the same filtration capacity as before the backwashing is maintained. be able to.
【００２１】このように逆洗浄終了後に原水中にフロッ
クを成長させる手段としては、下記の方法（ａ）及び／
又は方法（ｂ）を適用できる。As a means for growing flocs in raw water after the completion of the back washing, the following methods (a) and / or
Alternatively, the method (b) can be applied.
【００２２】方法（ａ）：逆洗浄終了後に所要時間、好
ましくは０．１〜１０分間、より好ましくは０．５〜２
分間濾過運転を停止する方法。Method (a): Time required after completion of back washing, preferably 0.1 to 10 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 2
How to stop the filtration operation for a minute.
【００２３】このような方法（ａ）を適用すれば、濾過
運転を停止している間にフロックが成長するため、逆洗
浄前と同様のダイナミック膜が速やかに形成できる。よ
って、濾過運転再開後においても透水速度の低下がな
い。When the method (a) is applied, the floc grows while the filtration operation is stopped, so that the same dynamic film as before the back washing can be quickly formed. Therefore, there is no decrease in the water permeability even after the restart of the filtration operation.
【００２４】方法（ｂ）：膜モジュールの原水入口から
膜エレメントまでの原水到達時間を好ましくは０．５〜
２分、より好ましくは１〜２分間に設定する方法。方法
（ｂ）における原水到達時間の調整手段としては、膜モ
ジュール内に複数の邪魔板を設ける方法、螺旋状の原水
供給管を設ける方法等を適用できる。Method (b): The raw water arrival time from the raw water inlet of the membrane module to the membrane element is preferably 0.5 to
A method in which the time is set to 2 minutes, more preferably 1 to 2 minutes. As the means for adjusting the raw water arrival time in the method (b), a method of providing a plurality of baffles in the membrane module, a method of providing a spiral raw water supply pipe, and the like can be applied.
【００２５】このような方法（ｂ）を適用すれば、原水
が膜エレメントに到達するまでにフロックが形成される
ため、最大でも膜モジュール１２内の原水中のＳＳが膜
面に付着するだけであるので、透水速度を低下させる程
の緻密なダイナミック膜は形成されない。よって、方法
を（ｂ）を適用した場合は、逆洗浄後、直ちに濾過運転
を再開できる。 （２）第２の実施形態 次に、本発明の濾過運転方法における第２の実施形態に
ついて説明する。第２の実施形態においては、上記した
基本的フローにおいて、特別な逆洗浄処理を組み合わせ
た点が特徴となる。If such a method (b) is applied, a floc is formed before the raw water reaches the membrane element, so that at most SS in the raw water in the membrane module 12 adheres to the membrane surface. As a result, a dense dynamic film that reduces the water permeation rate is not formed. Therefore, when the method (b) is applied, the filtration operation can be restarted immediately after the back washing. (2) Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the filtration operation method of the present invention will be described. The second embodiment is characterized in that a special backwashing process is combined with the basic flow described above.
【００２６】この実施形態では、流速の異なる逆洗浄を
２回以上組み合わせて行うが、流速と逆洗浄回数は、洗
浄性、ろ液の使用量及びエネルギー消費量等を考慮して
決定することができる。In this embodiment, backwashing at different flow rates is performed two or more times in combination. However, the flow rate and the number of backwashings can be determined in consideration of washability, amount of filtrate used, energy consumption, and the like. it can.
【００２７】この実施形態では、流速が１５ｍ／日程度
を境に流速の小さい逆洗浄を弱逆洗浄とし、流速の大き
い逆洗浄を強逆洗浄とする。In this embodiment, the reverse cleaning at a low flow rate is defined as weak reverse cleaning at a flow rate of about 15 m / day, and the reverse cleaning at a high flow rate is defined as strong reverse cleaning.
【００２８】このような逆洗浄は、多少不足気味の流速
で弱逆洗浄を行い、この弱逆洗浄と強逆洗浄とを組み合
わせることで、同一流速で同一回数又は同一時間の逆洗
浄を行った場合に比べて逆洗浄効果を高めることができ
る。更に、このような強弱の逆洗浄の組合せでろ液の使
用量を節約することができ、逆洗浄に要するエネルギー
消費量も減少できる。In such backwashing, weak backwashing is performed at a slightly insufficient flow rate, and by performing a combination of the weak backwashing and the strong backwashing, backwashing is performed at the same flow rate for the same number of times or for the same time. The backwashing effect can be enhanced as compared with the case. Further, the amount of filtrate used can be saved by such a combination of strong and weak back washing, and the energy consumption required for back washing can be reduced.
【００２９】弱逆洗浄における流速は特に限定されるも
のではなく、膜の形状、膜の種類、膜の有効面積、ＳＳ
等の沈積量、運転時間等を考慮して決定することがで
き、例えば２〜１０ｍ／日程度にすることができる。The flow rate in the weak reverse washing is not particularly limited, and the shape of the membrane, the type of the membrane, the effective area of the membrane, the SS
Can be determined in consideration of the amount of deposition, operation time, and the like, and can be, for example, about 2 to 10 m / day.
【００３０】この実施形態では、洗浄効率を高めるた
め、逆洗浄時に膜モジュール１２の下部から、散気管で
膜エレメントの表面を曝気することが望ましい。In this embodiment, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency, it is desirable to aerate the surface of the membrane element from the lower part of the membrane module 12 with a diffuser tube during back cleaning.
【００３１】なお、逆洗浄時には、第１の実施形態でも
説明したとおり、膜面のフロック及び原水中のフロック
が崩壊し、濾過運転再開後のろ液中にはＳＳの流入量が
多いため、再開後の一定時間、例えば０．５〜５分間、
好ましくは０．５〜２分間の濾液を原水に返送すること
が望ましい。 （３）第３の実施形態 次に、本発明の濾過運転方法における第３の実施形態に
ついて説明する。第３の実施形態においては、上記した
基本的フローにおいて、特別な濾過条件を設定した点が
特徴となる。なお、第３の実施形態で使用する膜は平膜
であり、膜モジュールは所要数の平膜エレメントを鉛直
方向又は鉛直方向に対して斜め方向に取り付けたもので
ある。At the time of back washing, as described in the first embodiment, the flocs on the membrane surface and the flocs in the raw water collapse, and a large amount of SS flows into the filtrate after restarting the filtration operation. A certain time after resumption, for example, 0.5 to 5 minutes,
Preferably, the filtrate for 0.5 to 2 minutes is returned to the raw water. (3) Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the filtration operation method of the present invention will be described. The third embodiment is characterized in that special filtration conditions are set in the basic flow described above. The membrane used in the third embodiment is a flat membrane, and the membrane module has a required number of flat membrane elements mounted in the vertical direction or obliquely to the vertical direction.
【００３２】この実施形態においては、平膜エレメント
の上方から下方への平均膜面線速が０．０５〜１ｃｍ／
秒、好ましくは０．１〜０．５ｃｍ／秒となるように運
転する。この平均膜面速度は、例えば、原水の供給量と
濃縮液の抜き取り量を相互に関連づけることによって調
整できる。In this embodiment, the average film surface linear velocity from above to below the flat membrane element is 0.05 to 1 cm /
The operation is performed at a speed of preferably 0.1 to 0.5 cm / sec. This average film surface speed can be adjusted, for example, by correlating the supply amount of raw water and the withdrawal amount of the concentrate.
【００３３】通常のミクロフィルターを使用した場合の
平均膜面線速は１ｍ／秒程度であり、ダイナミック膜を
利用した場合の平均膜面線速は０．２ｍ／秒程度である
が、上記範囲内まで濾過運転時における平均膜面線速を
小さくすることで、ダイナミック膜の膜厚の制御が容易
となる。なお、平均膜面線速が小さい場合には膜の目詰
まりが生じる恐れがあるが、適宜逆洗浄を行えば目詰ま
りの発生は防止できる。The average film surface linear velocity when a normal microfilter is used is about 1 m / sec, and the average film surface linear velocity when a dynamic film is used is about 0.2 m / sec. By reducing the average film surface linear velocity during the filtration operation to the inside, it is easy to control the thickness of the dynamic film. If the average film surface linear velocity is low, clogging of the film may occur, but clogging can be prevented by performing appropriate reverse cleaning.
【００３４】この実施形態においては、濾過運転中に膜
エレメントの下方から連続的に又は間欠的（例えば、２
〜８分間の曝気を行った後、８〜２分間曝気を停止す
る）に曝気を行う手段を追加することが好ましく、特に
間欠曝気が好ましい。このときの曝気量は、膜間に対し
て（即ち、膜間の水平面に対して）、１ｃｍ2当たり
０．５〜５ｍｌ／分、好ましくは１〜３ｍｌ／分であ
る。In this embodiment, during the filtration operation, continuous or intermittent (for example, 2
It is preferable to add a means for performing the aeration (the aeration is stopped for 8 to 2 minutes after performing the aeration for ８8 minutes), and intermittent aeration is particularly preferable. The amount of aeration at this time is 0.5 to 5 ml / min, preferably 1 to 3 ml / min per cm 2 for the membrane (that is, for the horizontal plane between the membranes).
【００３５】このように濾過運転中に曝気を行うこと
で、膜モジュール内が均一に攪拌されてＳＳ溜まりの発
生が防止されるので、ダイナミック膜の膜厚の制御が容
易となる。By performing aeration during the filtration operation as described above, the inside of the membrane module is uniformly stirred to prevent the occurrence of the accumulation of SS, so that the control of the thickness of the dynamic membrane becomes easy.
【００３６】この実施形態においては、上記した第１の
実施形態と同様の理由から、逆洗浄終了後に所要時間、
例えば０．５〜５分間、好ましくは０．５〜２分間濾過
運転を停止する手段を追加することが好ましい。なお、
洗浄効率を高めるため、逆洗浄時に濾過膜モジュール１
２の下部から、散気管で膜エレメントの表面を曝気する
ことが望ましい。In this embodiment, for the same reason as in the above-described first embodiment, the time required after the completion of backwashing,
For example, it is preferable to add a means for stopping the filtration operation for 0.5 to 5 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 2 minutes. In addition,
To increase the washing efficiency, the filtration membrane module 1
From the lower part of 2, it is desirable to aerate the surface of the membrane element with an air diffuser.
【００３７】この実施形態においては、フロックの形成
を促進させてダイナミック膜の形成を促進させると共
に、エネルギー消費量を減少させるため、ポンプ等を使
用せずに水頭差を利用して、原水を膜モジュール１２に
供給することが好ましい。In this embodiment, in order to promote the formation of flocs and promote the formation of a dynamic membrane, and to reduce the energy consumption, the raw water is removed by utilizing the head difference without using a pump or the like. Preferably, it is supplied to the module 12.
【００３８】また以上の第１〜第３の実施形態において
は、膜エレメントで使用する膜が不織布又はネットであ
ることが好ましい。本発明では、不織布及びネットの目
開き、開孔率、厚み等は、特に限定されるものではな
い。In the first to third embodiments, the membrane used in the membrane element is preferably a nonwoven fabric or a net. In the present invention, the aperture, porosity, thickness, and the like of the nonwoven fabric and the net are not particularly limited.
【００３９】不織布は各種天然及び合成樹脂製のものを
使用することができ、ネットは同様に天然及び合成樹脂
製のもののほか、ステンレス等の金属製のものも使用す
ることができる。As the nonwoven fabric, those made of various natural and synthetic resins can be used, and the net can be made of a metal such as stainless steel in addition to those made of natural and synthetic resins.
【００４０】上記した本発明の濾過運転方法は、濾過運
転時に膜面にダイナミック膜を形成させる濾過運転に特
に適している。The above-mentioned filtration operation method of the present invention is particularly suitable for a filtration operation in which a dynamic membrane is formed on the membrane surface during the filtration operation.
【００４１】[0041]
【実施例】以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説
明するが、本発明はこれらにより限定されるものではな
い。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto.
【００４２】実施例１ 図１に示すような処理フローにより、次の条件で濾過運
転し、下記の条件で逆洗浄運転した。Example 1 According to the processing flow shown in FIG. 1, a filtration operation was performed under the following conditions, and a backwash operation was performed under the following conditions.
【００４３】原水：ＭＬＳＳが９８００ｍｇ／Ｌの活性
汚泥液 膜モジュール：ハウジング内に間隔２０ｍｍで鉛直方向
に４枚並べた平膜（日本バイリーン社製，Ｈ８００７，
有効膜面積０．５ｍ2／枚）が収容されているもの 透水速度：２ｍ／日（濾過圧１ｋＰａ）の定透過量濾過
運転 このような条件での濾過運転を行い、６０分ごとに１分
間、１０ｍ／日で濾液による膜の逆洗浄を行った後、
１．５分間濾過運転を停止し、その後再開した。計１２
時間運転を継続した後の透水速度は１．８ｍ／日であっ
た。なお、試験終了後の膜面には、ダイナミック膜が形
成されていることを目視で確認した。Raw water: Activated sludge liquid with MLSS of 9800 mg / L Membrane module: A flat membrane (H8007, manufactured by Nippon Vilene Co., Ltd.)
A membrane containing an effective membrane area of 0.5 m 2 / sheet) Permeation rate: 2 m / day (filtration pressure: 1 kPa) Constant permeation amount filtration operation A filtration operation under such conditions is performed, and every 60 minutes for 1 minute After the membrane was backwashed with the filtrate at 10 m / day,
The filtration operation was stopped for 1.5 minutes and then restarted. 12 in total
The water permeation rate after continuous operation for 1.8 hours was 1.8 m / day. In addition, it was visually confirmed that a dynamic film was formed on the film surface after the test.
【００４４】比較例１ 逆洗浄後に直ちに濾過運転を再開したほかは実施例１と
同様に運転した。その結果、１２時間経過後の透水速度
は１．５ｍ／日であった。Comparative Example 1 The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the filtration operation was restarted immediately after the back washing. As a result, the water permeation rate after 12 hours had passed was 1.5 m / day.
【００４５】実施例２ 実施例１と同様にして濾過運転を行った。但し、逆洗浄
は、濾過運転６０分ごとに６ｍ／日の弱逆洗浄を５回行
い、その後３０ｍ／日の強逆洗浄を１回行う方法を１サ
イクルとし、これを２サイクル行った。その結果、１２
時間経過後の透水速度は１．８ｍ／日であった。なお、
試験終了後の膜面には、ダイナミック膜が形成されてい
ることを目視で確認した。Example 2 A filtration operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the case of the reverse washing, the method of performing the weak reverse washing at 6 m / day five times every 60 minutes of the filtration operation and then performing the strong reverse washing once at 30 m / day was defined as one cycle, and two cycles were performed. As a result, 12
After the passage of time, the water permeation rate was 1.8 m / day. In addition,
After the test, it was visually confirmed that a dynamic film was formed on the film surface.
【００４６】比較例２ 濾過運転６０分ごとに１０ｍ／日で１分間の逆洗浄を行
ったほかは実施例２と同様にして運転した。その結果、
１２時間経過後の透水速度は１．５ｍ／日であった。Comparative Example 2 The operation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the back washing was performed at a rate of 10 m / day for 1 minute every 60 minutes. as a result,
The water permeation velocity after 12 hours was 1.5 m / day.
【００４７】実施例３ 平膜エレメントの上方から下方への平均膜面線速を０．
１ｃｍ／秒で濾過したほかは実施例１と同様にして運転
した。なお、原水の供給はポンプを使用せずに水頭差を
利用した。その結果、１２時間経過後の透水速度は１．
７ｍ／日であった。なお、試験終了後の膜面には、ダイ
ナミック膜が形成されていることを目視で確認した。Example 3 The average linear velocity of the membrane from the top to the bottom of the flat membrane element was set to 0.
The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that filtration was performed at 1 cm / sec. In addition, the supply of raw water utilized the head difference without using a pump. As a result, the water permeation rate after 12 hours has passed is 1.
7 m / day. In addition, it was visually confirmed that a dynamic film was formed on the film surface after the test.
【００４８】比較例３ ポンプを使用して、平膜エレメントの上方から下方への
平均膜面線速を１０ｃｍ／秒で濾過したほかは実施例３
と同様にして運転した。その結果、１２時間経過後の透
水速度は１．４ｍ／日であった。Comparative Example 3 Example 3 was repeated except that the average membrane surface linear velocity from above to below the flat membrane element was filtered at 10 cm / sec using a pump.
Driving was performed in the same manner as described above. As a result, the water permeation velocity after a lapse of 12 hours was 1.4 m / day.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】本発明の濾過運転方法を適用すれば、安
定した濾過能力を長期間維持することができ、特に不織
布やネットを使用してダイナミック膜を形成させる濾過
運転に好適である。According to the filtration operation method of the present invention, a stable filtration ability can be maintained for a long period of time, and it is particularly suitable for a filtration operation in which a non-woven fabric or a net is used to form a dynamic membrane.
【図１】 本発明の濾過運転方法を説明するための概念
図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a filtration operation method of the present invention.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｂ０１Ｄ 65/02 Ｂ０１Ｄ 65/02 ５２０ ５２０ 69/14 69/14 Ｃ０２Ｆ 3/12 Ｃ０２Ｆ 3/12 Ｓ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B01D 65/02 B01D 65/02 520 520 69/14 69/14 C02F 3/12 C02F 3/12 S
Claims (13)
収容された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組み合
わせて行う濾過運転方法であり、逆洗浄終了後から所要
時間の濾過運転の停止期間を設け、原水中にフロックを
成長させて濾過運転を再開することを特徴とする濾過運
転方法。The present invention relates to a filtration operation method in which a biological treatment solution is used as raw water, and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a membrane element. Wherein a floc is grown in raw water and the filtration operation is restarted.
トまでの原水到達時間を０．５〜２分に設定して、原水
中にフロックを成長させる請求項１記載の濾過運転方
法。2. The filtration operation method according to claim 1, wherein the raw water arrival time from the raw water inlet of the membrane module to the membrane element is set to 0.5 to 2 minutes to grow flocs in the raw water.
収容された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組み合
わせて行う濾過運転方法であり、流速の異なる逆洗浄を
２回以上行うことを特徴とする濾過運転方法。3. A filtration operation method in which a biological treatment solution is used as raw water and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a membrane element, wherein backwashing at different flow rates is performed twice or more. Filtration operation method.
前記逆洗浄時の２倍以上の流速で逆洗浄を１回する逆洗
浄サイクルを１サイクル以上行う請求項３記載の濾過運
転方法。4. After performing backwashing at a low flow rate two or more times,
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein one or more backwashing cycles are performed in which the backwashing is performed once at a flow rate twice or more the backwashing.
を原水に返送する請求項３又は４記載の濾過運転方法。5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the filtrate is returned to the raw water for a required time from the restart of the filtration after the backwashing.
が収容された膜モジュールを用いて濾過と逆洗浄を組み
合わせて行う濾過運転方法であり、上方から下方への平
均膜面線速が０．０５〜１ｃｍ／秒となるように運転す
ることを特徴とする濾過運転方法。6. A filtration operation method in which a biological treatment solution is used as raw water and filtration and backwashing are combined using a membrane module containing a flat membrane element, wherein the average membrane surface linear velocity from top to bottom is zero. A filtration operation method, wherein the filtration operation is performed so as to be 0.05 to 1 cm / sec.
続的に又は間欠的に曝気を行う請求項６記載の濾過運転
方法。7. The filtering operation method according to claim 6, wherein aeration is performed continuously or intermittently from below the membrane module during the filtration operation.
０．５〜５ｍｌ／分である請求項７記載の濾過運転方
法。8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of aeration is 0.5 to 5 ml / min per cm 2 with respect to the space between the membranes.
停止期間を設ける請求項６〜８のいずれか１記載の濾過
運転方法。9. The filtering operation method according to claim 6, wherein a period during which the filtration operation is stopped for a required time after the completion of the backwashing is provided.
で行う請求項１〜９のいずれか１記載の濾過運転方法。10. The filtration operation method according to claim 1, wherein the supply of raw water to the membrane module is performed with a head difference.
逆洗浄を行う請求項１〜１０のいずれか１記載の濾過運
転方法。11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the back washing is performed while aerating from the lower part of the membrane module.
はネットである請求項１〜１１のいずれか１記載の濾過
運転方法。12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the membrane used in the membrane element is a nonwoven fabric or a net.
過運転方法であり、濾過運転時に膜面にダイナミック膜
を形成させることを特徴とする濾過運転方法。13. The filtering operation method according to claim 1, wherein a dynamic membrane is formed on the membrane surface during the filtration operation.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000328321A JP2002126734A (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2000-10-27 | Filtering operation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005118608A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-05-12 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Water treatment method |
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