JP2000325810A - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve crushing/shearing efficiency by a rotary blade and a fixed blade by crushing/shearing a material to be crushed by rotation of the rotary blade accompanying rotation of a rotor in the lower part of a crushing chamber and rocking a compressing member disposed at the upper position of the rotor in an arc projected upward. SOLUTION: When the material W to be crushed is thrown into the crushing chamber 2 of a crushing machine 1, the material W is sheared/crushed by cooperation of the fixed blade 9 and the rotary blade rotated in the clockwise direction by the rotation of the rotor 5 accompanying rotation of the rotary shaft 4 by a rotation mechanism in the lower part of the chamber 2. Such a compressing member 21 is disposed at the upper position of the rotor 5, as can compress the material W toward the upper side of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 5, and a compression mechanism 22 is also disposed to rock the member 21 in an arc projected upward. Accordingly, the inroad of the material W into the rotary blade is made better by compressing the material W toward the rotary blade by the member 21 to enhance the crushing/shearing efficiency by the rotary blade and the fixed blade 9.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing, for example, municipal waste, plastic bottles, plastic scrap, industrial waste, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of crusher is disclosed in
No. 103678, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11-90258, a crushing chamber is formed in the crushing machine, a rotating shaft is provided horizontally in the crushing chamber, and a roll-shaped rotating rotor is provided on the rotating shaft. A plurality of rotary blades are provided on an outer peripheral portion of the rotary rotor, and a fixed blade for shearing and crushing the object to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade is provided on the crushing machine, and a side of the rotary rotor is provided. A pressing member capable of pressing the object to be crushed toward the side outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor at one side, and a uniaxial shearing type structure including a pressing mechanism for linearly sliding the pressing member, or Two or several rotating blades are arranged in the crushing chamber, and the crushing machine has a multi-axial shearing structure in which the crushed material is sheared and crushed by the cooperation of the rotating blades rotating in the winding directions in different directions. Various types of crushers other than shear-type structures are known.

[0003]

However, in the case of these conventional structures, the pressing member linearly slides on the sliding surface by the pressing mechanism, and presses the material to be crushed toward the outer peripheral surface of the side portion of the rotating rotor. Due to the structure, the sliding surface of the sliding part is worn, and the crushed material is easily clogged in the sliding part, and the operation of the pressing member becomes less smooth, and the shearing and crushing efficiency of the crushed material is reduced. Inconveniences.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve these problems, and among the present invention, the invention according to claim 1 forms a crushing chamber in a crushing machine and includes a crushing chamber. Forming a charging port at the upper part of the crushing chamber, arranging a rotating shaft laterally below the crushing chamber, arranging a rotating rotor on the rotating shaft, arranging a holder member on an outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor, A rotary blade for crushing the object to be crushed in the crushing chamber is provided on the member, and a pressing member capable of pressing the object to be crushed toward the upper outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor is provided at a position above the rotary rotor. The crusher is characterized in that the crusher is provided with a pressing mechanism for swinging the pressing member in an upwardly convex arc shape.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the crushing machine body is provided with a fixed blade for shearing and crushing the material to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade. or,
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the pressing surface of the pressing member is formed in an arcuate surface along the rotation locus of the rotary blade, and the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the crushing is performed. Both inner side surfaces of the chamber facing the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor are formed to have inclined surfaces that are narrowed downward.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the rotary blade is formed in a rectangular column shape with a square cross section, and is adjacent to each other in a substantially V shape among four ridge lines on the surface of the rotary blade. Two ridge lines are formed on the rotary blade portion, and a triangular fixed blade portion is continuously formed in a saw blade shape on the fixed blade, and an opposing gap between the apex portion of the fixed blade portion and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor. Wherein the rake face as the surface of the fixed blade is such that the rake face is as small as possible so that mutual interference can be avoided. Wherein the rake face of the rotary blade and the rake face of the fixed blade form a certain shear angle at the start of shearing. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the rotary blade is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section. Substantially V of the four edges of the blade surface
It is characterized in that two adjacent ridges forming a shape are used as rotary blades.

[0007]

1 to 9 show an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a crushing machine, in which a crushing chamber 2 is formed. A rotary shaft 4 is horizontally provided in the crushing chamber 2, a roll-shaped rotary rotor 5 is mounted on the rotary shaft 4, and a plurality of mounting portions 6 are mounted on an outer peripheral surface 5 a of the rotary shaft rotor 5. Are formed in a helix shape with a certain phase difference, a holder member 7 is attached to each mounting portion 6, a rotary blade 8 is attached to each holder member 7, and the crushing machine 1
A fixed blade 9 for shearing and crushing the object W to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade 8 is provided, and a screen plate 10 having a discharge hole 10a is arranged below the rotary blade 8.

In this case, the rotary blade 8 is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section of a square cross section, and two substantially adjacent V-shaped ridges of the four ridges are used as a rotary blade 8a. A plurality of fitting concave grooves 6a as mounting portions 6 are formed in a helix pattern with a predetermined phase difference on the outer peripheral surface 5a of the rotary rotor 5, and the fitting concave grooves 6a are formed with a groove width Q and a depth. T, the mounting pitch P of the holder member 7 in the fitting concave groove 6a.
And attached to the holder member 7 by 90
The V-shaped receiving surface 7a is formed, and both side surfaces adjacent to the rotary blade 8 are placed and fitted on the V-shaped receiving surface 7a, and the rotary blade 8 is detachably fixed to the holder member 7 by fastening bolts 12. At the same time, the rotary blade 8 is rotated by 180 degrees with respect to the holder member 7 so that another adjacent ridge line can be used as the rotary blade portion 8a.

The fixed blade 9 is formed in the shape of a long plate, and has a substantially V-shape corresponding to the rotary blade portion 8a composed of two adjacent ridges, forming a substantially V-shape of the plurality of rotary blades 8 described above. It consists of a triangular fixed blade 9a consisting of two adjacent ridges,
A plurality of the fixed blade portions 9a are continuously formed in a number corresponding to the number of the plurality of rotary blades 8, and are formed in a saw blade shape as a whole, and face the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor 5 of the crushing chamber 2. Both inner side surfaces are formed on the inclined surfaces 2a, 2a which are narrowed downward, the mounting seat 13 is attached to the crusher body 1, the mounting recess 13a is formed on the mounting seat 13, and one mounting surface 2a is formed on the mounting recess 13a.
The fixed blade 9 is placed on the same level as the above, and the adjusting bolt 14 is screwed to the mounting seat 13 and the fixing nut 15 is screwed to the adjusting bolt 14 to form the elongated hole 9 c in the fixed blade 9. Blade 9
Of the mounting bolt 16 by adjusting the position of the
The fixing blade 9 is removably attached to the mounting seat body 13 so that the fixed blade 9 can be used upside down.

In this case, the rake face 9b as the surface of the fixed blade 9 is inclined downward by an angle α toward the rotation axis 4 with respect to the horizontal axis L, and is inclined. The rake face 9b is displaced from the rotation axis O of the rotary shaft 4 by a distance E, whereby the rake face 8b, which is the front face in the rotation direction of the rotary blade 8, and the rake face 9b of the fixed blade 9 Are arranged so as to form a certain shear angle θ at the start of shearing.

In this case, the distance S between the apex K of the fixed blade portion 9a and the outer peripheral surface 5a of the rotary rotor 5 is set to be as small as possible to avoid mutual interference. For example, it is formed at a small separation distance of about 0.1 mm from a value close to 0 mm as much as possible and smaller than the thickness of the crushed material W in the form of a film sheet.

Reference numeral 17 denotes a rotating mechanism. In this case, a mounting table 18 is mounted on the crushing machine body 1, a driving motor 19 is disposed on the mounting table 18, and a main shaft of the driving motor 19 and the rotary shaft 4 are connected to each other. 20.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a pressing member, and 22 denotes a pressing mechanism. In this case, a fulcrum shaft 23 is
, A through hole 25 is formed in the upper side of the rotary rotor 5 of the crushing machine 1, and a swing member 26 that can be inserted into and removed from the through hole 25 is attached to the fulcrum shaft 23. A pressing member 21 having a width substantially the same as the width dimension B of the crushing chamber 2 is formed at the distal end, and a pressing surface 21 a as a front surface of the pressing member 21 is formed in an arc-shaped surface along the rotation locus M of the rotary blade 8. , The swing cylinder 27 is pivotally connected to the crushing machine 1 by a pin 28,
A rod 27a of a swing cylinder 27 is pivotally connected to a side portion of a swing member 26 by a pin 29. In this case, the pressing surface 21a of the pressing member 21 is an arc-shaped surface which is flush with the pressing member 21.
May be formed by a comb-shaped member in which the front end face of each thin plate material is formed in an arcuate surface along the rotation locus M of the rotary blade 8 in parallel with the rotation axis O of the above. Is used.

Thus, the pressing member 21 is caused to swing in an upwardly convex arc shape about the fulcrum shaft 23 by the swing cylinder 27, and the input amount of the material W to be crushed and the crushing particle size are controlled by control means (not shown). The swinging cylinder 27 is driven and controlled accordingly, and the pressing member 21 presses the crushed object W toward the upper outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor 5.

Since this embodiment has the above configuration,
As shown in FIG. 1, a crushing object W such as municipal garbage or industrial waste such as a film sheet, a runner, a plastic bottle, or a plastic wrap is manually or automatically placed in a crushing chamber 2 in a crushing machine 1.
Into the crushing chamber 2 and a rotating mechanism 1
7, the rotating shaft 4 is rotated, the roll-shaped rotating rotor 5 is rotated, the rotating blade 5 is rotated clockwise in the direction of the arrow in the figure by the rotation of the rotating rotor 5, and the crushing machine body 1 is rotated by the rotation of the rotating blade 8. The object W to be crushed is sheared and crushed in cooperation with the fixed blade 9 attached. The crushed object W falls through the discharge hole 10a of the screen plate 10, and the crushed material W is larger than the discharge hole 10a. The crushed material W turns upward again and is again sheared and crushed, and thus the crushed material W is sheared and crushed.

At this time, a pressing member 21 capable of pressing the material to be crushed W toward the upper outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor 5 is disposed above the rotating rotor 5, and the pressing member 21 is formed in an upwardly convex arc shape. The crushed object W is pressed toward the rotary blade 8 of the rotary rotor 5 by the pressing member 21 so that the crushed object W and the rotary blade 8 bite. As a result, the crushing and shearing efficiency of the rotary blade 8 and the fixed blade 9 can be increased.
Oscillates in an upwardly convex arc and presses the object to be crushed, so that the crushing and shearing efficiency can be further increased. Wear of the moving surface can be eliminated, and the clogging phenomenon of the crushed object can be avoided, the pressing member 21 can be operated smoothly, and the shear crushing efficiency of the crushed object W can be further increased.

Further, in this case, a fixed blade 9 for shearing and crushing the object W to be crushed is disposed in the crushing machine body 1 in cooperation with the rotary blade 8, and a so-called uniaxial shear crushing structure is adopted. The structure can be simplified and the device can be downsized. In this case, the pressing surface 2 of the pressing member 21
1a is formed in an arcuate surface along the rotation locus M of the rotary blade 8, so that the crushed object W can be satisfactorily pressed toward the rotary blade 8, and the crushed object W and the rotary blade 8 In this case, the inner surfaces of the crushing chamber 2 opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor 5 are formed on the inclined surfaces 2a, 2a, which are narrowed downward. Is converged and sent toward the rotating rotor 5 by its own weight, the bite between the crushed object W and the rotary blade 8 is further improved, and the efficiency of shearing and crushing the crushed object W can be increased.

In this case, the rotary blade 8 is formed in the shape of a square prism having a square cross section, and two ridge lines which are substantially V-shaped and are adjacent to each other in the form of a V-shape among the four ridge lines on the surface of the rotary blade 8. 8a
And the fixed blade 9 has a triangular fixed blade portion 9a.
9a is continuously formed in a saw blade shape, and the apex portion K of the fixed blade portion 9a is formed.
Distance S of the opposing gap between the rotor and the outer peripheral surface 5a of the rotating rotor 5
Is formed with the smallest possible separation distance capable of avoiding mutual interference, so that the object to be crushed W is prevented from slipping from the opposing gap without being crushed and drawn into the lower portion of the fixed blade 9, and thus, it is ensured that much. Shearing and crushing can be performed. In this case, since the separation distance S of the opposed gap is formed to be smaller than the thickness of the film sheet-like crushed object W, the film sheet-shaped crushed object W Is prevented from slipping from the facing gap and being drawn downward without being crushed, so that shear crushing can be surely performed. In this case, the rake face 9 b as the surface of the fixed blade 9 is connected to the rotating shaft 4. And the rake face 8b of the rotary blade 8 and the rake face 9b of the fixed blade 9 form a certain shear angle θ at the start of shearing. Two adjacent The crushing resistance can be smaller than the large crushing resistance caused by the linear crushing of the rotary blade 8a made of a wire and the fixed blade 9a made of two ridges adjacent to each other in a substantially V shape at the same time. In this case, the rotary blade 8 is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section, and two substantially adjacent V-shaped ridge lines of the four ridge lines on the surface of the rotary blade 8 are defined as a rotary blade portion 8a. Therefore, the rotary blade 8 can be easily manufactured, and at the time of wear of the rotary blade portion 8a, the rotary blade 8 is rotated by 180 degrees and turned upside down so that another ridge line is used as the rotary blade portion 8a. It can be used, which can increase the economic efficiency.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the shapes, structures, materials and the like of the crushing machine 1, the rotary blade 8, the fixed blade 9, the pressing member 21 and the pressing mechanism 22 are appropriately designed. Will be changed.

[0020]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the crushing chamber of the crushing machine is provided with garbage or industrial waste such as film sheets, runners, plastic bottles, and plastic wraps. The crushed material is charged, and in the lower part of the crushing chamber, the rotating rotor is rotated by the rotating shaft, the rotating blade is rotated by the rotation of the rotating rotor, and the crushed object is sheared and crushed by the rotation of the rotating blade. A pressing member capable of pressing the object to be crushed toward the upper outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor is provided at a position above the rotating rotor, and a pressing mechanism that swings the pressing member in an upwardly convex arc shape is provided. Therefore, the object to be crushed is pressed toward the rotary blade of the rotary rotor by the pressing member, the bite between the object to be crushed and the rotary blade is improved, and therefore, the efficiency of crushing and shearing between the rotary blade and the fixed blade can be increased. Can be further pressed Since the object to be crushed is pressed by swinging in an upwardly convex arc shape, the crushing and shearing efficiency can be further improved, and the sliding portion of the pressing member does not exist as compared with the conventional structure. Wear of the surface is eliminated, and the phenomenon of clogging of the object to be crushed can be avoided, the pressing member can be operated smoothly, and the efficiency of shearing and crushing the object to be crushed can be further increased.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a fixed blade for shearing and crushing the object to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade is provided in the crushing machine body, whereby a so-called uniaxial shear crushing structure is provided. As the rotating blade rotates, the object to be crushed is sheared and crushed in cooperation with the fixed blade attached to the crushing machine, which can simplify the structure and reduce the size of the device. In the invention according to claim 3, since the pressing surface of the pressing member is formed in an arcuate surface along the rotation locus of the rotary blade, the object to be crushed is formed on the rotary blade. Can be satisfactorily pressed, and the bite between the object to be crushed and the rotary blade becomes good. In the invention according to claim 4, the crushing chamber faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor. Since both inner surfaces are formed as slopes that narrow downward, Sent is converged toward the rotating rotor by its own weight, it is good bite between the rotary blade and the crush material, it is possible to increase the shear crushing efficiency of object to be crushed.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the rotary blade is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section, and is adjacent to each other in a substantially V shape among four ridge lines on the surface of the rotary blade. Two ridge lines are formed on the rotary blade portion, and a triangular fixed blade portion is continuously formed in a saw blade shape on the fixed blade, and an opposing gap between the apex portion of the fixed blade portion and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor. The distance is set as small as possible to avoid mutual interference, so that objects to be crushed are not crushed and slipped down from the opposing gap and pulled down, and shear crushing is assured. In the invention according to claim 6, the rake face as the surface of the fixed blade is displaced with respect to the rotation axis of the rotary shaft, and the rake face of the rotary blade and The rake face of the fixed blade forms a certain shear angle at the start of shearing Therefore, a large crush resistance associated with linear crushing, which is formed by a rotary blade portion composed of two substantially ridge lines adjacent to each other in a substantially V shape and a fixed blade portion composed of two substantially ridge lines adjacent to each other in a substantially V shape at the same time. In the invention according to claim 7, the rotary blade is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section, and the rotary blade has substantially the same shape as the four ridge lines on the surface of the rotary blade. Since two adjacent ridges forming a V shape are used as the rotary blades, the rotary blades can be easily manufactured, and when the rotary blades are worn, the rotary blades are rotated 180 degrees and turned upside down. This makes it possible to use another ridge line as the rotary blade portion, thereby improving the economy.

As described above, the intended purpose can be sufficiently achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a partially exploded perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged front sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 W crushed object θ shear angle S separation distance K apex 1 crushing machine body 2 crushing chamber 4 rotating shaft 5 rotating rotor 7 holder member 8 rotating blade 8a rotating blade portion 8b rake face 9 fixed blade 9a fixed blade 9b rake face 21 pressing Member 22 Pressing mechanism

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A crushing chamber is formed in a crushing machine body, an input port is formed in an upper part of the crushing chamber, a rotary shaft is provided horizontally below the crushing chamber, and a rotary rotor is provided on the rotary shaft. A holder member is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor, and a rotating blade for crushing the crushed object in the crushing chamber is provided on the holder member, and the crushed object is located above the rotating rotor. A crusher, comprising: a pressing member that can be pressed toward an upper outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor; and a pressing mechanism that swings the pressing member in an upwardly convex arc shape. . 2. The crushing machine according to claim 1, wherein a fixed blade for shearing and crushing the object to be crushed is provided in said crushing machine in cooperation with said rotary blade. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the pressing surface of the pressing member is formed as an arc-shaped surface along the rotation locus of the rotary blade. 4. The crushing machine according to claim 1, wherein both inner side surfaces of said crushing chamber opposed to the outer peripheral surface of said rotary rotor are formed as inclined surfaces narrowing downward. 5. The rotary blade is formed in a rectangular column shape with a rectangular cross section, and two substantially adjacent V-shaped ridges of four ridges on the surface of the rotary blade are formed on the rotary blade. In addition, a triangular fixed blade portion is continuously formed in a saw blade shape on the fixed blade, and mutual interference can be avoided by setting a distance of a facing gap between an apex portion of the fixed blade portion and an outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor. 5. The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the crusher is formed at a minimum separation distance. 6. A rake face as a surface of the fixed blade is displaced with respect to a rotation axis of the rotary shaft, and the rake face of the rotary blade and the rake face of the fixed blade are at a certain point when shearing starts. The crusher according to claim 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the crusher forms a shear angle. 7. The rotary blade is formed in the shape of a prism having a square cross section, and two adjacent ridges forming a substantially V-shape among four ridges on the surface of the rotary blade are used as rotary blades. The crusher according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.