JP2000000007A - Crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To prevent cut foliage from dropping on a wheel support shaft, a ridge, etc., and to reliably discharge to the outside even if the foliage bundle is large or small. SOLUTION: A working device 4 is mounted on a traveling device 7 having left and right driving wheels, and a transport mechanism 16 for transporting the working device 4 by sandwiching the foliage of a vegetation crop T between a pair of endless revolving bodies 23.
And a cutting mechanism 18 for cutting the lower part of the foliage Ta held by the revolving body 23, and a guide means 4 for removing the foliage Ta to the transport mechanism 16 to the outside.
2 is provided. A guide member 43 is provided between the guide means 42 and the drive wheel 6 on the cutting foliage removal side to guide the foliage removed from the transport mechanism 16 forward of the support shaft 6a of the drive wheel 6.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for harvesting bulb crops such as onions and garlic, and root crops such as carrots and turnips (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as "crops") while running across ridges. Crop harvester.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The main part (bulbs and roots) of a crop is pulled out from a field by pinching and lifting the foliage of an underground crop vegetated in a field, and then the foliage and the main part are cut and separated. As a crop harvester for harvesting the main part,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 84427/1994, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-103160 and the like.

In this type of harvester, the foliage is pulled out while being pinched by a belt conveyor, the lower main part is cut and dropped on a ridge, and the separated foliage is removed to a ridge side or a groove between ridges. ing. If the cut foliage falls on the ridges and mixes with the crop, it will hinder the post-processing of the crop.Therefore, the cover of the foliage transport conveyor has a conveyor belt so that it can be safely left on the ridge side or between the furrows. A guide portion is formed to guide the discharge of the foliage around the rear portion to the outside.

[0004]

In the above-mentioned prior art, although the foliage can be discharged to the outside at the guide portion of the cover, the discharged foliage falls on the support shaft of the wheel or the transmission case and is wound around the support shaft. In addition, since the width of the guide path of the cover is constant, if the discharged foliage is concentrated and conveyed, it may be jammed in the guide path or fall on the ridge.

In view of the above problems, the present invention can prevent the cut foliage from dropping on a wheel support shaft, a ridge, or the like, and can reliably discharge the foliage to the outside even if the foliage bundle is large or small. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crop harvester that can be used.

[0006]

A first concrete means for solving the problem according to the present invention is to mount a working device 4 on a traveling device 7 having left and right driving wheels 6 and to attach the working device 4 to a vegetation crop T. And a cutting mechanism 18 for cutting the lower part of the foliage sandwiched by the gyro 23,
In the crop harvesting machine in which the transport mechanism 16 is provided with a guide means 42 for removing the cut foliage outwards, the crop mechanism is removed from the transport mechanism 16 between the guide means 42 and the driving wheel 6 on the cut foliage removal side. That is, a guide member 43 for guiding the foliage to fall forward of the support shaft 6a of the drive wheel 6 is provided.

As a result, the foliage removed from the transport mechanism 16 is guided by the guide member 43 to the front of the support shaft 6a of the drive wheel 6, falls, and does not fall on the support shaft 6a. There is no scattering to the outside. The second specific means for solving the problem in the present invention is that, in addition to the first specific means, the guide means 42 includes
3 is extended outward from the transport end of
Is provided with an elastic guide member 44 capable of elastically changing the distance between the two.

As a result, even if the number of foliage to be discharged increases or decreases, the elastic guide member 44 elastically adapts to the change and guides it appropriately. According to a third specific means for solving the problem in the present invention, in addition to the second specific means, the guide means 42 includes a cover plate 45 for covering the revolving body 23 above the cutting foliage non-exclusion side. A lateral discharge portion 45 extending to the rear of the reciprocating end of the revolving body 23 on the cutting foliage removal side on the transport end side.
a is formed, and the distance between the lateral discharge portion 45a and the revolving body 23 is set to a size that can simultaneously pass the foliage of a plurality of crops.

As a result, even if the foliage to be discharged becomes excessive, the elastic guide member 44 which elastically adapts to the back is backed up, and the foliage is properly guided. The second specific means for solving the problem in the present invention is the guide means 42 in addition to any one of the first to third specific means.
Is that a separating member 46 is provided which extends from the vicinity of the transport end of the revolving body 23 on the cutting foliage removal side to the guide member 43 side and separates and removes the foliage moving with the revolving body 23. .

As a result, the foliage that is not rejected even after passing through the transport end of the revolving body 23 is forcibly separated by the separating member 46 and rejected.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5, reference numeral 1 denotes a harvester adapted for onion harvesting.
A pair of left and right drive wheels (rear wheels) 6
Of a walking type provided with a steering handle 8 at the rear of the body frame 5 and having a pair of drive wheels 6 to run (forward / reverse) in the longitudinal direction of the ridge over the ridge N. It is.

The traveling device 7 is provided with a gauge wheel (driven wheel, front wheel) 9 only on one of the right and left sides (right side in the drawing) of the body frame 5, and this gauge wheel 9 is bent from the near side of the steering handle 8. The transmission shaft 10 having the
The height adjustment (gauge adjustment) can be freely performed by operating with. The machine body frame 5 is provided on the traveling device 7 so as to be offset to one of the left and right sides (right side). Is harvested, and the remaining two are harvested in the return process.

The working unit 4 is arranged on the body frame 5 from the front to the rear, and the engine 2 and the transmission case 3 are arranged side by side behind the working unit 4. The output shaft of the engine 2 is directly connected to a transmission in the transmission case 3 on the side to transmit power.
The power is taken out of the transmission into the running system power and the working device system power.

A traveling system output shaft 12 projecting from the transmission case 3 in the left-right direction is connected to a left-right traveling device 7 to be able to rotationally drive the left and right driving wheels 6, and a working device projecting forward from the transmission case 3. The power is branched and transmitted to the working device 4 to the system output shaft 13. The working device 4 includes a weeding mechanism 14, a scraping mechanism 1,
5. Mainly composed of a pull-out transport mechanism 16, a positioning transport mechanism 17, a cutting mechanism 18 provided between the pull-out transport mechanism 16 and the positioning transport mechanism 17, and an alignment discharge mechanism 19, and the pull-out is easy in the vicinity of the gauge wheel 9. A pair of left and right subsoilers 20 for expanding and softening the ridge N is provided.

The weeding mechanism 14 is provided with three weeding transmission cases 21 arranged in the left-right direction at intervals between the two onions T and on the left and right sides. 2
Numeral 1 is arranged in a forward-downward inclined shape, and has a large number of scraping claws 21a circulating and running in the direction of arrow A in FIG. Then, the foliage Ta of the onion T that has fallen down in the left-right direction is scooped up by the scraping claw 21a, and can be aligned in the front-rear direction.

A weeding rod 21b is provided at the lower part of the weeding transmission case 21 so as to extend forward and incline, and the foliage Ta is lifted by the weeding rod 21b as a stage prior to being scraped by the scraping claws 21a. ing. Right weeding rod 21
b extends forward longer than the other weeding rods 21b, and abuts the right shoulder of the ridge N so as to appropriately lift the long foliage Ta that hangs rightward from the ridge.

A gauge wheel 9 is attached to the right weeding rod 21b.
Cover 21c is provided so as to cover from above and in front, so that when the overgrown long foliage Ta is lifted up by the weeding rod and re-overturned, it is prevented from being stepped on by the gauge wheel 9. . The scraping mechanism 15 includes a pair of left and right endless running bodies 22 indicated by an endless belt. The endless running bodies 22 are disposed on a downwardly inclined surface. The rakes 22a, which are arranged in an inclined manner at an angle, protrude, and the ends of the rakes 22a cross each other at a rear position corresponding to the center weeding case 21 in the weeding mechanism 14. are doing.

By circulating and transporting the left and right endless revolving bodies 22, the scraping claw 22a is circulated and transported so as to move upward on the inner side in the left-right direction and downward on the outer side.
2 Weeds are arranged in the front-back direction by the weeding mechanism 14
By lifting the foliage Ta of the streak in a embracing manner from the left and right, the foliage Ta is stretched linearly, so that the foliage Ta can be smoothly and reliably inherited (transferred) to the subsequent pull-out transport mechanism 16.

The pull-out transport mechanism (transport mechanism) 16 is provided with a pair of left and right transport belts 23 which are arranged in a downwardly inclined shape and are circulated and transported. The lower end of the transport belt 23 is located near the lower part of the scraping mechanism 15. And the scraping mechanism 15
The onion T of the onion T lifted by the above is clamped between the left and right transfer belts (rotating body) 23, and the clamped onion T is pulled out from the ridge N as it is transferred obliquely upward.

A positioning / conveying mechanism 17 is provided below the pull-out / conveying mechanism 16 so as to extend rearward. The positioning / conveying mechanism 17 moves a pair of right and left conveying belts 24 each composed of an endless belt toward the rear in the conveying direction. It is arranged so as to extend substantially in the horizontal direction, and a portion where the transfer of the positioning and transporting mechanism 17 is started is arranged near the portion where the pull-out and transport mechanism 16 starts to pull out.

The roots of the leaves and leaves Ta of the onion T to be pulled out by the pull-out and transport mechanism 16 are sandwiched between the transport belts 24 of the positioning and transport mechanism 17, and the amount of the onion T pulled out (drawing height) by the lower surface of the transport belt 24. Is restricted. In addition, since the positioning and transporting mechanism 17 is substantially horizontal while the pull-out and transporting mechanism 16 is inclined rearward and upward, the stems and leaves Ta of the onion T whose upper limit is regulated by the positioning and transporting mechanism 17 are pulled out and transported. In the middle of the transfer, the cutting mechanism 18 makes the foliage T
a can be cut.

The cutting mechanism 18 includes a cutter 25 that rotates around a vertical axis, and is disposed between the pull-out transport mechanism 16 and the positioning transport mechanism 17 in the vertical direction (a triangular pocket in a side view). The cutter 25 has a vertically adjustable height so that the cutting length of the foliage Ta can be adjusted. The aligning and discharging mechanism 19 is disposed behind the cutting mechanism 18 and behind the conveying belt 24 of the positioning and conveying mechanism 17, and has upper and lower guide bars, guide plates, a discharging belt 26, and the like. By gradually moving the stem of the onion T to the right side while gradually moving the main part of the onion T to the left, the posture of the onion T being conveyed is approximated to the lateral direction, and the onion T is discharged from the conveyor belt 24. , A lower guide rod and a discharge belt 26 rotating downwardly behind the lower guide rod
In cooperation with the above, the stalk is supported and dropped on the ridge in a substantially horizontal orientation.

As a result, the onions T lying sideways on the ridge with the stalk facing rightward are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the ridge, facilitating manual binding work as a post-process. The pull-out transport mechanism 16 includes a driving pulley 40a and a driven pulley 40a.
b and the idler pulley 40c are wound around the transfer belt 23, the upper portion thereof is covered with a cover plate 45, and the left and right transfer belts 23 are opposed to each other so that the leaves Ta are pinched by the left and right transfer belts 23. Cut foliage Ta on the transport end side
Guide means 42 are provided to eliminate the outside.

The guide means 42 includes an elastic guide member 4
4, a cover plate 45 and a separating member 46. The elastic guide member 44 is made of an elastically deformable material such as a piano wire or a leaf spring, and has a pair of upper and lower members sandwiching the transfer belt 23, and is attached to a constituent member of the pull-out transport mechanism 16. In the embodiment, the upper elastic guide member 44A is formed of a piano wire, is screwed to the upper surface of the left cover plate 45L, and the lower elastic guide member 44B is formed of a leaf spring, and has a left driven pulley. It is screwed to the bearing part on the 40b side. The upper and lower elastic guide members 44 may be formed of a piano wire or a leaf spring.

The vertical elastic guide member 44 is mounted just before the end of foliage transport, and is on the foliage discharge side (right side).
Is bent in an arc along the driven pulley 40b, and extends so as to face outward (to the right). Even if the size of the bundle of foliage to be ejected is large or small, it is elastically adapted to guide it appropriately.

The left cover plate 45L on the non-exclusion side of the cut foliage
The rear part projects so as to wrap around the rear part of the right cover plate 45R on the cutting foliage removal side, and the side discharge part 45a extending to the rear of the conveyance end side of the conveyance belt 23 between the conveyance belt 23 and Has formed. This side discharge part 45a
Is formed so that the distance between the conveyor belt 23 (foliage guide path) becomes gradually wider while curving as the distance from the transportation end increases. However, the size is set to allow the passage of oversized foliage, so that even if the discharged foliage becomes excessive, the foliage is properly guided, and the elastic guide member 44 is backed up so as not to be excessively deformed. You are.

The side discharge portion 45a is provided with the left and right cover plates 4
5 may be left and right symmetrical, and an arcuate plate piece may be attached to the rear of the left cover plate 45L. The separation member 46 is a leaf spring attached to a bearing portion or the like of the driven pulley 40b on the cutting foliage removal side, and extends forward from the inside of the pulley winding portion of the transport belt 23 (near the transport end). The foliage that adheres to the conveyor belt 23 and moves with it can be separated and eliminated.

This separating member 46 may be formed of a strip or a piano wire, if it is disposed so as to intersect with the conveyor belt 23. The discharge of foliage is in front of the spindle 6a. The foliage discharged and guided by the guide means 42 such as the elastic guide member 44 and the separating member 46 is prevented from being scattered outward by the driving wheel 6 on the cutting foliage removal side. A guide member 43 provided between the pull-out transport mechanism 16 guides the support shaft 6a so as to fall forward of the support shaft 6a, so that the guide member 43 does not rest on the support shaft 6a and a transmission case 32 described later.

The guide member 43 is formed by bending a sheet metal or the like into a U-shape when viewed from the side, and is removably mounted on the traveling device 7 or a constituent member of the pull-out / conveyance mechanism 16. Is located in the foliage discharge direction, and guides the discharged foliage forward and downward. Note that a foliage releasing rotating body such as a star wheel may be provided above and below the right end portion of the pull-out and transport mechanism 16.

2, 3, 6, and 7, the traveling device 7 includes a pair of left and right wheel transmission shafts 29 connected to the traveling system output shaft 12, and a support shaft 6 for the driving wheels 6 from the wheel transmission shafts 29.
a transmission mechanism 30 for transmitting power to the transmission mechanism 30. The left wheel transmission shaft 29 is rotatably supported in a telescopic double cylinder case 31. The transmission mechanism 30 is supported in a transmission case 32. Have been.

The left wheel transmission shaft 29L is connected to the first transmission shaft 3
The double drive shaft 3 and the second transmission shaft 34 make it possible to expand and contract in the left-right (axial) direction so that the distance between the left and right drive wheels 6, 6 can be adjusted. The left and right transmission cases 32 are arranged in a downwardly inclined shape, and the operating shaft 35 in the transmission mechanism 30,
A gear 36, a gear shaft 37, and the like are rotatably supported. A gear 38 loosely fitted to the gear shaft 37 is meshed with the gear 36, and the gear shaft 37 is a clutch gear 39 which can be meshed with and released from the gear 38. Is provided. A drive wheel 6 fixed to the wheel support shaft 6a is rotatably driven from the clutch gear 39 via a gear, chain transmission means and the like.

The first transmission shaft 33 of the wheel transmission shaft 29L
Is coupled to the output shaft 12 and screwed to the operating shaft 35. The second transmission shaft 34 is spline-fitted to the first transmission shaft 33 so as to be axially slidable, and is fitted to the boss of the gear 36. The braking means 50 is disposed at the outer end of the operating shaft 35, and the friction applying means 51 is provided between the operating shaft 35 and the boss of the gear 36.
Is a slip clutch for integrally rotating the gear 36 with the operating shaft 35 by frictional resistance. The gear 36 is fitted on the operating shaft 35, one end of which is connected to the operating shaft 35 and the other end of which is a boss of the gear 36. Coil springs 5 that are pressed against each other
1a, and an O-ring 51b fitted into the circumferential groove of the operating shaft 35 and slidably contacting the inner circumferential surface of the boss portion of the gear 36.

The friction applying means 51 includes one or a plurality of O
By providing the ring 51b, the applied frictional resistance can be increased and the size can be appropriately set.
Power transmission from the operating shaft 35 to the gear 36 can be performed better than in the case where friction resistance is applied only by itself. The braking means 5
Reference numeral 0 denotes a brake shoe 50 via a control lever 50c with respect to a bowl-shaped brake drum 50a fixed to the operating shaft 35.
By pressing b, the operating shaft 35 can be braked.

When the operating shaft 35 is braked through the braking means 50, the operating shaft 35 is fixed to the transmission case 32 or the rotation speed is reduced, and in this state, the first transmission shaft 33 is output via the output shaft 12. When the is rotated, the operating shaft 35 screwed therewith is screwed in the axial direction, so that the second transmission shaft 34 expands and contracts on the first transmission shaft 33.

Accordingly, while the drive wheel 6 is rotationally driven to move forward or backward, the left cylinder case 31 and the wheel transmission shaft 29L expand and contract in the left-right direction, and the left drive wheel 6
Can be adjusted left and right, thereby adjusting the wheel distance while reducing the frictional resistance between the drive wheel 6 and the ground in the left-right direction. Further, since the expansion and contraction drive is performed using the rotation of the wheel transmission shaft 29, there is no need to separately provide an actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder, and the expansion and contraction is performed by the action of the operating shaft 35 arranged on the axis of the wheel transmission shaft 29L. Since this is performed, the occurrence of stiffness between the first transmission shaft 33 and the second transmission shaft 34 is reduced.

Reference numeral 52 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 denotes a scattering prevention plate. The scattering prevention plate 52 is formed of an elastic plate such as a rubber plate. Equipment. This scattering prevention plate 52 is
The onion T extends from the position close to the rear to the vicinity of or near the alignment discharge mechanism 19, and the foliage is not pinched by the transfer belt 23 while being dug up from the ridge.
Of the onion T discharged from the ridge is prevented from dropping from the ridge N or rolling to the vegetation onion side, and the position is controlled so as to remain at an appropriate position on the ridge upper surface in the left-right direction.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be variously modified. For example,
The harvester 1 may be one that harvests crops other than onions, and may be of a riding type as well as a walking type, and may be a type that only cuts foliage without pulling out the main part of the crop from the ridge,
Either the upper or lower elastic guide member 44 may be employed. The pull-out transport mechanism 16 may be configured to be separated into a means for pulling onion and a means for transporting cut foliage.

[0038]

According to the present invention described in detail above, the cut foliage Ta can be prevented from falling on the wheel support shaft 6a, the ridge N or the like by the guide member 43, and the cut foliage Ta can be moved outward by the elastic guide member 44. Can be guided elastically toward the cover plate 4
The lateral discharge portion 45a of 5 can guide a large bundle of foliage and protect the elastic guide member 44, and the separation member 46 can also separate and reliably discharge the foliage attached to the revolving body 23 to the outside.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view taken in the direction of an arrow X in FIG. 2 showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the crop harvester.

FIG. 3 is an overall plan view of the crop harvester.

FIG. 4 is a view as viewed in the direction of the arrow Y in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a view as viewed in the direction of the arrow Z in FIG. 1;

6 is a sectional view of the transmission mechanism of the traveling system, taken along the line P-P in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line SS in FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Harvester 6 Drive wheel 6a Support shaft 16 Pull-out conveyance mechanism (conveyance mechanism) 23 Transfer belt (revolving body) 42 Guide means 43 Guide member 44 Elastic guide member 45 Cover plate 46 Separation member

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Mikio Okada 64 Ishizu-Kitamachi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Inside Kubota Sakai Plant (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Chiba 64 Ishizukita-machi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Kubota Sakai Manufacturing Co., Ltd. In-house (72) Inventor Takatoshi Imai 64 Ishizu-Kitamachi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Inside Kubota Sakai Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshihide Kanai 64, Ishizu-Kitamachi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Kubota Sakai Works, Ltd. (72) Invention Person Hideo Fujita 64 Ishizu-Kitacho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture F-term in Kubota Sakai Works (reference) 2B072 AA03 AA10 BA04 BA26 BA28 BA30 CA12 CB03 DA02 DA05 DA08 DA12 DA18 DA19 EA01

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A traveling device having left and right drive wheels, a working device mounted thereon, a transport mechanism for sandwiching and transporting the foliage of a vegetation crop between the pair of endless traveling bodies, and the traveling device having the traveling device. A cropping machine provided with a cutting mechanism for cutting the lower part of the foliage being cut, and a guide means for removing the cut foliage to the outside in the transport mechanism. And a guide member for guiding the foliage removed from the transport mechanism toward the front of the support shaft of the drive wheel. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the guide means includes an elastic guide member extending outward from a transport end of the revolving body and capable of elastically changing a distance from the revolving body. Item 6. The crop harvester according to Item 1. 3. A side extending to a rear end of a transport end side of a revolving body on a cutting foliage excluding side on a transport end side of a cover plate covering an upper side of a revolving body on a cutting foliage non-removal side. The crop according to claim 2, characterized in that a lateral discharge part is formed, and an interval between the lateral discharge part and the revolving body is set to a size that can simultaneously pass the foliage of a plurality of crops. Harvester. 4. The guide means extends from the vicinity of the transport end of the revolving body on the cutting foliage removal side to the guide member side,
The crop harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a separating member for separating and removing the foliage moving with the revolving body.