ITMI20060067A1 - CEMENT MIXTURE TEFGOLA - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION of the industrial invention

The present invention relates to a tile made of cement mixture.

The tile in cement mixture, colored in the mixture or natural, has had a great productive development in the last 50 years, partly replacing the traditional terracotta tiles and bent tiles.

The reasons for this development are many, both technological due to the progress of production techniques, and for the intrinsic qualities of the product itself which combines great robustness with precision of shape and resistance to freezing which recommends its use in all countries. freeze.

Another factor favorable to the diffusion of the tile in cement mixture is the easy availability of the raw materials necessary for the production and their low cost.

In fact, for production it is necessary to have at least sand, cement and of course water available and, if you want a colored product, a powder color (iron oxides and the like).

Furthermore, the production process does not require particular precautions, being similar to that of all products based on the cementitious binder: it is necessary to mix at least water, sand and cement in the required proportions and place the mixture in rest on a support (bottom) taking care to keep the product in a high humidity environment.

The product hardens more or less quickly depending on the temperature, thus making it possible to reuse the "bottom" on which the tile was formed.

During the last decades the production process of the tiles in cement mixture has undergone great developments both for the refinement of the continuous production process due to obstruction, and for the automation of the production phases.

With the current technology, the European standard tile is produced by extrusion by compacting the cement mortar of sand, cement, water and possibly color, on top of a die-cast aluminum "bottom".

The tile thus produced is cut according to the dimensions of the "bottom" and is introduced into a treatment furnace in which an accelerated hardening process of the cement mixture takes place (by raising the temperature), which allows the mold to be reused after 6-8 hours.

In Figures 1-3, a bottom F for the widely diffused Roman double tile is shown respectively in plan (Figure 1) in longitudinal section (Figure 2) and in transverse section (Figure 3).

The bottoms determine the lower shape of the tile produced, while the extradition of the tile is determined by the manufacturing machine called "extruder" which, with the extrusion head and in particular with the upper smoothing device called "counter-shape", forms the surface of the tile.

Over the years, various types have been established in common use for the upper surfaces of the tiles in cement mixture (Figures 4-13), which are always cylindrical surfaces, that is, in the meaning of projective geometry, surfaces that have parallel generatrices.

The ten tiles according to the known technique illustrated schematically in figures 4-13 indicated with the references 1A-1L, are commonly indicated with commercial names such as: "Double Roman" 1A (figure 4), "Coppo Veneto" 1B (figure 5), "Bold Roll" 1C (figure 6), "Mission" 1D (figure 7), "Marine Wave 1" 1E (figure 8), "Marine Wave 2" 1F (figure 9), "French" 1G (figure 10), "Spanish" 1H (figure 11); "Coppo Fiorentino" li (figure 12), "Piana" IL (figure 13).

The plan dimensions of the single tile have also been varied over time until they are unified according to the European standard of 33 cm in width and 42 cm in length, including in the unification also the minimum characteristics of quality and resistance of the product to be verified with special equipment. , to unequivocally establish the structural qualities and the minimum permissible strength in order to be able to market them on the market.

The tile in cement mixture according to the known technique has some fundamental characteristics concerning the way to use it as a roof: the tiles can be overlapped along the transversal sides to the direction of maximum slope of the roof and are laterally interlocked with the neighboring tiles along the sides parallel to the direction maximum slope of the roof.

The overlap of the transversal sides is greater the less the slope of the roof is, while the lateral interlocking is fixed and is made with grooves placed under the tile which overlap the contiguous one and which on the opposite side are placed above the tile itself. The characteristics described are those which ensure that the roof, once correctly assembled, is watertight against rain and / or snow and / or wind in all possible combinations.

The Applicant posed the problem of developing a tile, which would improve both the covering capacity and the installation time on the roof, leaving unchanged or improving the other characteristics that have made the tile in cement mixture a popular product on the market.

The Applicant has therefore been able to solve the aforesaid technical problem by studying a tile in cement mixture having optimized dimensions in such a way that the plan surface is at least twenty percent higher than the existing ones.

Advantageously, once laid, the tiles in cement mixture according to the present invention have a weight per square meter covered which is lower than that obtained with tiles in cement mixture according to the known technique.

According to a first aspect of the invention there is therefore provided a tile in cement mixture increased in length, having the same transversal dimension in plan and the same profile as the known ones but longer than those according to the known technique.

This tile, increased in length, can be advantageously made for all highly curved profiles such as for example the "Venetian tile" (fig. 5);

According to another aspect of the invention, a tile made of cement mixture is provided with an increased length, width and transversal profile in such a way as to achieve the desired results.

The characteristics and advantages of a tile made of cement mixture, according to the present invention, will be more evident from the following description, which is exemplary and not limiting, referring to the attached schematic drawings in which:

Figures 1-3 are schematic and plan views respectively, in longitudinal section and transverse end view, of a base for double Roman tile according to the known technique;

Figures 4-13 show in partial perspective view as many profiles of tiles according to the prior art;

Figure 14 is a perspective view of a tile increased in length according to the invention;

Figures 15-17 show in partial perspective view three profiles of tiles in cement mixture increased in length, width and profile, according to the invention.

With reference to figures 14-17, as many types of oversized tiles in cement mixture are schematised, according to the invention.

In particular, with reference to Figure 14, a tile 10 increased in length with a "Venetian tile" profile is illustrated.

The tile in cement mixture according to the invention can therefore be colored or not, and has a substantially rectangular plan of width a and length b, at least one of said width a and length b is greater than the corresponding European standard tile size equal to 33 cm width and 42 cm in length.

The tile in cement mixture according to the present invention has a plan surface that is at least 20% higher than the plan surface of the tiles according to European standard.

The exemplified profile is purely indicative and the tile according to the invention can also be made in any of the known profiles, commonly indicated with commercial names such as: "Doppio Romana", "Bold Roll", "Mission", "Onda Marina 1" , "Onda Marina 2", "French", "Spanish", "Coppo Fiorentino".

The tile increased in length has a length b of at least 51 cm, for all the profiles indicated, while the transversal dimension or width a (considered in plan) remains unchanged.

The minimum length b measurement of 51 cm allows to obtain a significant reduction in the weight of the roof laid per square meter of coverage with percentages ranging from 7% to 15%, thanks to the fact that the areas are reduced, depending on the profile adopted. of transversal overlap between one tile and the next in the direction of maximum slope of the roof. The weight reduction obviously corresponds to a lower proportional expenditure for raw materials and transport.

A second favorable result is obtained during the laying of the roof, with the reduction of the number of pieces, with less required number of hooking strips, less labor required for positioning the tiles, fewer joints per square meter, to name a few.

With reference to figures 15-17, three tiles are shown according to a second embodiment of the invention, increased in length b, width a, and profile p.

In particular, the length b is at least 50 cm, the width a is at least 38 cm.

By way of example, a Venetian tile 10'B, a bold roll tile 10'C and a sea wave tile 10'E, having the aforementioned dimensions of a and b, and possibly a suitable profile to increase the resistance of the product, are illustrated.

The roof obtained with the tiles increased at least in width and length has a weight per square meter covered lower than that obtained with the tiles in standard cement mixture, also in this case with percentages ranging from 7% to 15%.

This overall reduction is not due to the weight of the single tile, which is greater, but is due to the lesser influence of both longitudinal and transversal overlaps referring to the square meter.

In fact, in the overlapping areas, the weight of the roof is practically double since the thicknesses of the single tile are more or less constant and cannot be reduced at will for reasons of strength.

The oversized tiles in cement mixture according to the invention are made by extrusion.

The machines and / or production plants require an adaptation to the new dimensions to obtain the oversized tile.

In this regard, the extruder for tiles in cement mixture has a continuous or alternative feed and operates with mixtures of sand, cement and water (in addition to color if required) and is able to extrude the oversized tiles according to the invention using bottoms in aluminum alloy with a suitable and adequate profile for the purpose to be obtained and for the shape of the tile.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS 1. Tile in cement mixture colored or not, with a substantially rectangular plan of width (a) and length (b), characterized by the fact that at least one of said width (a) and length (b) is greater than the corresponding size of the tile European standard equal to 33 cm in width and 42 cm in length. 2. Tile in cement mixture according to claim 1, wherein the plan surface is at least 20% higher than the plan surface of the tiles according to European standard. 3. Tile in cement mixture according to claim 1, wherein said length (b) is at least 50 cm with the width a kept constant at 33 cm. 4. Tile in cement mixture according to claims 1 and 2, in which both the width (a) and the length (b) are greater than the dimensions of the European standard tile. 5. Tile in cement mixture according to claim 1, wherein said tile has a profile with a Double Roman tile, or Coppo Veneto, or Bold Roll, or Mission, or Onda Marina 1, or Onda Marina 2, or French, or Spanish, or Coppo Fiorentino, or Piana with length b) greater than and equal to 50cm. 6. Machine for the extrusion of a tile in cement mixture according to one of the preceding claims characterized by the fact of presenting a continuous or alternative feed extruder for tiles in cement mixture operating at least with mixtures of sand, cement, water and possibly color if required , designed to extrude the oversized tiles according to the invention using aluminum alloy bottoms with a suitable profile and suitable for the purpose to be obtained and for the shape of the tile.