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IE86666B1 - A gasification system and method - Google Patents

A gasification system and method

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Publication number
IE86666B1
IE86666B1 IE20140243A IE20140243A IE86666B1 IE 86666 B1 IE86666 B1 IE 86666B1 IE 20140243 A IE20140243 A IE 20140243A IE 20140243 A IE20140243 A IE 20140243A IE 86666 B1 IE86666 B1 IE 86666B1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
fuel
processing
synthetic gas
fischer
gas
Prior art date
Application number
IE20140243A
Other versions
IE20140243A1 (en
Inventor
Erich Egon
Schneider Albert
Original Assignee
Conleth Ward
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conleth Ward filed Critical Conleth Ward
Priority to IE20140243A priority Critical patent/IE86666B1/en
Publication of IE20140243A1 publication Critical patent/IE20140243A1/en
Publication of IE86666B1 publication Critical patent/IE86666B1/en

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a gasification system and method, and in particular a system and method for producing a synthetic fuel gas from waste material such as rubber sourced from used tyres or the like, sewage sludge, wood or other organic waste, or any other suitable waste materials, the method comprising feeding biogenic fuel to a gasifier, effecting gasification of the biogenic fuel to produce a synthetic gas, and effecting Fischer-Tropsch processing of the synthetic gas to produce a liquid biofuel.

Description

A gasification system and method Field of the invention The present invention is concerned with a gasification system and method, and in particular a system and method for producing a synthetic fuel gas from waste material such as rubber sourced from used tyres or the like, sewage sludge, wood or other organic waste, or any other suitable waste materials.
Background of the invention Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as car tyres, wood, miscanthus, or other biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This conversion is achieved by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen. The result in gas mixture is known as synthesis gas or syngas and is itself a fuel.
The properties of the fuel, for example the calorific value or carbon/hydrogen ratio, will depend on the biogenic material that undergoes gasification to produce the syngas.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasification system and method which enables the use of relatively low value materials such as shredded car tyres, wood chips, sewage sludge or the like to be used as gasifier fuel for the production of syngas, which is subsequently processed to produce a liquid bio fuel.
Summary of the invention A gasification method for producing a liquid biofuel, the method comprising the steps of; feeding biogenic fuel to a gasifier; effecting gasification of the biogenic fuel to produce a synthetic gas; effecting the Fischer-Tropsch processing of the synthetic gas to produce a liquid biofuel.
Preferably, the method comprises the step of pre-processing the biogenic fuel, prior to the step of feeding the fuel to the gasifier, to adjust the calorific value of the biogenic fuel.
Preferably, the step of pre-processing the fuel comprises combining various biogenic materials to form the biogenic fuel having the desired calorific value.
Preferably, the step of pre-processing the fuel comprises combining rubber and/or sewage sludge and/or wood and/or biomass digestion residue and/or municipal waste and/or other biomass material.
Preferably, the method comprises, prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing, the step of processing the synthetic gas by water gas shift reaction to alter the hydrogen content of the synthetic gas.
Preferably, the method comprises passing the synthetic gas through a dust filter prior to FischerTropsch processing.
Preferably, the method comprises the step of cooling the synthetic gas prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
Preferably, the method comprises the aerosol deposition of water into the synthetic gas prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
Preferably, the method comprising elevating the pressure of the synthetic gas prior to FischerTropsch processing.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a gasification system comprising a gasifier; a gas processing unit fed with synthetic gas from the gasifier; and a FischerTropsch reactor downstream of the gas processing unit.
Preferably, the gas processing unit comprises a gas filter.
Preferably, the gas processing unit comprises a gas cooler.
Preferably, the system comprises a compressor upstream of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and operable to increase the pressure of the synthetic gas being fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 illustrates a sectioned elevation of a gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a gasification method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the drawings Referring now to the accompanying drawings there is illustrated a gasification system, generally indicated as 10, which is adapted, as will be described hereinafter in detail, to transform a biogenic/biomass fuel into a synthesis gas (syngas), and subsequently transform the synthesis gas into a liquid biofuel.
The gasification system 10 comprises a gasifier 12 which may be of any suitable form, for example a direct current, counter current or cross flow gasifier. The gasifier 12 comprises an inlet 14 via which biogenic fuel is fed into the gasifier 12 for gasification. The gasifier 12 further comprises an outlet 16 from which the synthesis gas is extracted. An ash pit 18 is located beneath the gasifier 12 and into which the carbon containing slag produced during gasification is deposited. In use oxygen is introduced into the gasifier 12 via a ring shaped tuyer 20.
On exiting the gasifier 12 the syngas is passed, via a compressor, through a processing unit comprising a dust filter (not shown) and coolers 22 to reduce the temperature of the syngas. The processing unit may also comprise aerosol deposition means (not shown) adapted to inject water vapour into the gas stream in order to alter the moisture content thereof, which is required for the water gas shift reaction.
From the coolers 22 the syngas enters a Fischer-Tropsch reactor 24 that is adapted, as will be described in detail hereinafter, to convert the syngas into a liquid biofuel, which preferably has a boiling point in the range of a gasoline/diesel fraction.
The gasification method of the present invention is designed to allow relatively low value materials to be used as the fuel for the gasifier 12. Suitable types of fuel include rubber, for example rubber chips produced from used car tyres, wood chips or other plant matter, sewage sludge, residues from anerobic digestion of biomass, or other suitable biogenic material. The percentage of each of the constituents may be varied to suit the particular operating parameters of the gasification system 10, and the constituent streams of fuel may be fed individually into the gasifier 12 via the inlet 14, or may be pre-processed to form, for example, pelletised or briquette type units of fuel. The fuel constituents can therefore be managed in order to tune the properties of the syngas produced. For example, the calorific value of the rubber constituent can be offset through the addition of other constituents such as sewage sludge or the like, which prevent the gasification process from overheating.
Depending on the composition of the fuel fed to the gasifier 12, the syngas produced may not contain enough hydrogen gas to meet the requirements of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In this case hydrogen may be produced through a process known as “water-gas shift reaction of carbon monoxide and water. Through this process it is possible to adjust the hydrogen content of the syngas, depending on the desired product spectrum after Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
In the water gas shift reaction the reforming catalyst is preferably a low temperature reforming catalyser Cu/Zn/AI2031 whereby CU is preferably 28% by weight, ZN is 80% by weight and AI203 is 20% to 80% by weight. The catalyst may be prepared by participation from its acidic nitrate solution with ammonia water (1 molar up to 10 molar), or by impregnation or pre-precipitated Al-hydroxide, which is dried and decalcified at 550°C.
The processed syngas is then preferably passed through a compressor in order to increase the gas pressure, preferably to 10 bar, in order to effectively carry out the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The Fischer-Tropsch process utilises a catalyst which may be based on iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) or ruthenium (Ru). AI203 or silica gel can be used as a carrier. Ti02orMoO3 is also suitable as a carrier material. A typical catalyst composition is 100 Co, 20 silica gel.
As a chemical promoter alkali in small portions to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 Co can be added. The catalyst can be prepared by precipitation with a solution from K2CO3. The filter cake has then to be washed until it is substantially free of potassium. Drying and calcination at temperatures up to 550°C is preferred. For the impact of syngas, the catalyst must be completely reduced (H2 at temperatures from 200°C to 500°C). For the synthesis of carbon materials with primary FischerTropsch product character it is also possible to include the catalytically active components, Co, Fe, etc. in a matrix of structural promoters (e.g. titanium oxide and others up to 90% of TiO2).
Furthermore, the synthesis of carbon materials with primary Fischer-Tropsch product nature of the catalytically active components, Co, Fe, etc. in a matrix of structural promoters, such a titanium oxide, and others are involved. This enables a wide variability of the product range.
Example The fuel fed to the gasifier 12 was a combination of wood chip and rubber parts (tire chips). The syngas produced has the following composition: Carbon monoxide (CO) 25 Vol -% Hydrogen (H2) 6 Vol-% Carbon dioxide (CO2) 12 Vol -% Methane (CH4) 3 Vol -% Nitrogen (N2) 54 Vol -% For the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (F.T. synthesis, see below the main reaction) the hydrogen content is too low.
Main reaction F.T, Synthesis Equation 1: n CO + 2n H2 —► (CH2) n + nH2O exothermic reaction (CH2)n represents the desired hydrocarbons in the gasoline/diesel fraction. The reaction temperature of F.T. synthesis is in the region of approximately 250°C, with a space velocity of 250 IZh (space velocity is the ratio of gas volume flow of synthesis gas in liters per hour by catalyst volume in liters). For the desired F.T. reaction the hydrogen content in the syngas from the gasifier 12 is too low. The ratio H2/CO is not, as required 1.7 to 2, but only 6 vol -%/25 vol -% = 0.24 Due to the low yield of hydrogen from the gasifier 12, a water gas shift reactor (not shown) is installed downstream of the gasifier 12, which produces hydrogen from CO with help of a special catalyst.
Water gas shift reaction Equation 2: CO + H2O -+ CO2 + H2 The necessary water is fed into the water gas shift reactor via a suitable pump (not shown).
The low temperature water gas shift reaction is operated at a temperature of between 250 °C to 400 °C. At higher temperature a back reaction may occur. Depending on the actual temperature, a further reaction, the formation of methane, is also possible. This reaction (methane formation) is highly exothermic and the temperature rises in the reactor. This effect is further enhanced by increasing the reaction pressure.
Methane formation Equation 3: CO + 3H2 —» CH4 + H2O exothermic reaction From the gasifier 12 the syngas is transferred into the FT reactor (not shown), preferably after being compressed up to 10 bar.
Both the water gas shift reactor and FT reactor of the system 10 were, after a reduction of catalysts at 400°C, cooled back down to 280°C. The F.T. synthesis was then performed following the fine tuning of the synthesis gas (synthesis gas 40 l/min equal to 2.4 m3/ h, corresponding to a space velocity of about 456 l/h, synthesis gas pressure 3.5 bar). Within minutes after the first synthesis gas feeding the temperature rises in the reactor up to 446°C. To capture the temperature the gas flow is raised up to 85 liters/min equal to 5.1 m3/h by constant pressure of 3,5 bar. Nevertheless, the temperature quickly increased in the water gas shift reactor up to 807°C. Increasing the system pressure to 5 bar and 7 bar led to further increases in temperature to 825°C. The temperature in the F.T. reactor rose to 336°C. Subsequently, the heating of the water gas shift reactor to avoid damage to shut down. The heating of the F.T. Reactor was set to 330 ° C with the aim of carrying out the synthesis only in the F.T. reactor.
Analysis of Results Total investment of synthesis gas by this first F-T trial was performed approximately 9.35 m3, equivalent to a hydrogen content of 561 litres or 25 mole (on the assumption of 6 vol -% hydrogen in the syngas). 150g water could be produced, if there were 100% turnover based on equation 3 above.
If the F.T. is based on the reaction of Equation 1 above, a maximum of 225g water is formed. This is consistent with the specific amount of water. However, a certain amount of hydrogen is about the product water from the gasification of wood to it (estimated at 25°C gas temperature is approximately 30g/m3, about 350 litres or 16 moles H2 by the water gas shift reaction (Equation 2). This leads to the conclusion that the available hydrogen completely converted through different reactions to preferred methane and C2 to C8 hydrocarbons. The main part is clearly methane, in particular since the pure FT synthesis with the previously short duration of the FT catalyst preferably forms methane (known under “Initial Selectivity of the Fischer-Tropsch-Synthesis).

Claims (9)

Claims
1. A gasification method for producing a liquid biofuel, the method comprising the steps of; pre-processing a biogenic fuel by combining rubber and/or sewage sludge and/or wood and/or biomass digestion residue and/or municipal waste and/or other biomass material to adjust the calorific value of the biogenic fuel; feeding the biogenic fuel to a gasifier; effecting gasification of the biogenic fuel to produce a synthetic gas; processing the synthetic gas by water gas shift reaction using a reforming catalyst to alter the hydrogen content of the synthetic gas; and effecting the Fischer-Tropsch processing of the synthetic gas to produce a liquid biofuel.
2. A gasification method according to claim 1 comprising the step of pre-processing the biogenic fuel, prior to the step of feeding the fuel to the gasifier, to adjust the calorific value of the biogenic fuel.
3. A gasification method according to claim 2 in which the step of pre-processing the fuel comprises combining various biogenic materials to form the biogenic fuel having the desired calorific value.
4. A gasification method according to claim 2 or 3 in which the step of pre-processing the fuel comprises combining rubber and/or sewage sludge and/or wood and/or biomass digestion residue and/or municipal waste and/or other biomass material.
5. A gasification method according to any preceding claim comprising, prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing, the step of processing the synthetic gas by water gas shift reaction to alter the hydrogen content of the synthetic gas.
6. A gasification method according to any preceding claim comprising passing the synthetic gas through a dust filter prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
7. A gasification method according to any preceding claim comprising the step of cooling the synthetic gas prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
8. A gasification method according to any preceding claim comprising the aerosol deposition of water into the synthetic gas prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
9. A gasification method according to any preceding claim comprising elevating the pressure of the synthetic gas prior to Fischer-Tropsch processing.
IE20140243A 2013-12-11 2014-09-23 A gasification system and method IE86666B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE20140243A IE86666B1 (en) 2013-12-11 2014-09-23 A gasification system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IES20130373 2013-12-11
IE20140243A IE86666B1 (en) 2013-12-11 2014-09-23 A gasification system and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE20140243A1 IE20140243A1 (en) 2015-06-17
IE86666B1 true IE86666B1 (en) 2016-06-29

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019029599A1 (en) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-14 武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司 Mobile platform-based micro biomass synthetic oil method and system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019029599A1 (en) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-14 武汉丰盈长江生态科技研究总院有限公司 Mobile platform-based micro biomass synthetic oil method and system

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Publication number Publication date
IE20140243A1 (en) 2015-06-17

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