HK1146222B - Nanoparticle compositions providing enhanced color for cosmetic formulations - Google Patents

Description

Nanoparticle compositions providing enhanced color to cosmetic formulations

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to cosmetic compositions and their use in improving the appearance of biological surfaces.

Background

Modern skin care formulations must meet high standards of efficacy, skin compatibility, and aesthetic appeal. Of consumer interest is the reduction or delay of dermatological signs of aged, hormonally aged or photoaged skin, such as fine lines, wrinkles, dry and sagging skin, and other conditions due to progressive deterioration of the skin matrix. Consumers are interested in improving the appearance of, for example, skin, lips, nails, and hair by imparting a certain color to these biological surfaces, which will ideally produce a uniform, vibrant, smooth, and flat surface appearance, and no cosmetic blemishes. Thus, there is a need for a cosmetic product that facilitates the formation of flawless, long-lasting, vibrant colors to improve the appearance of biological surfaces.

Currently, color cosmetic compositions, such as foundations, face powders, eye shadows, lipsticks, concealers, blushers, mascaras, eyeliners, lip pencils, eyeliners, or nail polishes, applied to biological surfaces to impart a color are difficult to achieve a perfect, flawless vibrant color because cosmetic ingredients, such as colorants (which provide the desired color and coverage), often have many limitations.

The colorants used in these make-up compositions may be lakes, inorganic or organic pigments and/or pearlescent pigments, and may alternatively be dyes. Inorganic pigments, and in particular inorganic oxides, have the advantage of being relatively stable, but have the disadvantage of imparting a very dull, pale colour to the coloured material. Organic lakes have the advantage of imparting a vibrant color to the composition, but are relatively unstable to light, temperature, or pH. Some of these colorants have the drawback of leaving an unsightly mark on the skin or nails after application. Pearlescent pigments can achieve a variety of colors with sparkling effects, but are not intense. In addition, certain colorants have the drawback of generating free radicals in the makeup formulation, which alter the color of the applied makeup and the stability of the composition. When free radicals are present on the skin, the aging of the skin, such as wrinkles, the appearance of fine lines, and skin yellowing, is accelerated.

Thus, there remains a need for cosmetic formulations and formulations that provide enhanced color intensity of organic lakes while having inorganic pigment stability.

The compound eye of an insect is composed of small eyes. The ommatidium has a smooth surface, but some, such as those of moths and butterflies, are covered by tiny, slightly conical protuberances. The height and diameter of these structures are both approximately 200 nanometers at their base and are arranged in a regular hexagonal lattice on the surface of the ommatidium. These structures were first observed in noctuids in 1962 by W.H. Miller and coworkers (Bernhard C.G. and Miller W.H. "A corn apple pattern in insect compound eyes", Acta Physiol.Scand.1962; 56: 385-. Such structures are shown and described in Vukusic et al, Nature 2003, 424: 852-856, for example, fig. 7.

Because species with these structures tend to move at night or in the dark, it is important that they absorb as much of the available light as possible. The function of these protuberances appears to be to reduce light reflection from the surface of the ommatidium and thus to increase light absorption by the underlying receptor cells. As with many exoskeletons of insects, the surface of each ommatidium is made of chitin, which has a refractive index (1.55) higher than that of air (1.00).

The elevation works by providing a gradual transition in the refractive index of air to the ommatidium. Each individual photon incident on the ommatidium first encounters the tip with a thinner elevation, so that the effective index is only slightly higher than that of air. As the elevation widens closer to the bottom, the refractive index of the surface approaches that of pure chitin. Because the size and period of the protuberances are smaller than those of the absorbed light wavelength (< -500 nm), each individual photon encounters this gradual transition and the reflection at the surface is minimized. This is referred to as the "moth-eye principle" or "moth-eye effect".

Moth-eye structures are well suited for many anti-reflective tasks. In the present application, the cosmetic formulations of the present invention provide enhanced light absorption and provide enhanced color intensity while being relatively stable.

Summary of The Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition that delivers an effective amount of nanomaterials and one or more pigments sufficient to alter the appearance of a biological surface in an acceptable carrier comprising a film former and/or wax, wherein the composition controls light transmission, absorption and scattering. It is a further object to provide a cosmetic formulation which provides a high colour intensity. A further object is to provide increased light transmission and absorption, while reducing light reflection, when the formulation of the present invention is black.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a composition comprising a nanomaterial and a pigment in an acceptable medium or carrier.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a composition comprising an effective amount of nanoparticles capable of producing the optical effects observed in moth eyes and one or more pigments in a carrier that further produce unique optical effects on the skin. In a further object, a method for improving the aesthetic or natural appearance of a biological surface by applying to the biological surface a composition comprising in a carrier an effective amount of nanoparticles capable of producing the optical effect observed in moth's eyes and an effective amount of one or more pigments capable of improving the aesthetic or natural appearance of the biological surface. The composition is applied such that the appearance of dermatological signs of damaged or aged, hormonally aged or photoaged skin, such as fine lines, wrinkles and sagging skin, surface blemishes and discoloration are reduced.

Another object of the present invention is a method for beautifying and modifying a biological surface by applying to the biological surface a composition comprising a carrier having a film former and/or a wax, and an effective amount of nanoparticles and one or more pigments to produce the optical effect observed in moth eyes. The compositions are applied to biological surfaces to increase color, hide surface imperfections, act as a photo-protecting agent, and make the surface appear smoother.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention, as well as equivalents thereof, are achieved by compositions containing effective amounts of nanoparticles and pigments, and mixtures thereof, and methods of using such compositions for topical application to improve the aesthetic appearance of biological surfaces.

Brief Description of Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an antireflective "moth-eye" surface, the moth-eye structure being 180nm to 240nm in size. This low-visible wavelength surface mitigation feature is a low reflection interface for light. Thus, the moth eye shows black and can absorb light from any direction.

Fig. 2 shows the reflection (total reflection (SCI) and scattered reflection (SCE)) for four systems: (1) 6.94% carbon black plus 2.78% hydrophobic silica; (2) 6.94% carbon black plus 2.78% hydrophobic fumed silica; (3) 6.94% carbon black plus 2.78% fumed silica and (4) 7.14% carbon black. The overall composition of each system is disclosed in table 2. The figure shows that the addition of any kind of silica reduces the total reflection (SCI-including the reflection component).

FIG. 3 shows the absorbance of the four (4) systems used in FIG. 2. The figure shows that the addition of any kind of silica increases the absorption. The reflection and absorption values for each system disclosed in table 2 are shown in table 3.

Fig. 4 shows the reflection (total reflection (SCI) and scattered reflection (SCE)) for five systems: (5) 6.94% carbon black plus 5.00% fumed silica; (6) 6.94% carbon black plus 7.00% fumed silica; (9) 9.00% carbon black plus 2.78% fumed silica; (11) 9.00% carbon black plus 5.00% fumed silica; and (4) 7.14% carbon black. (the overall composition of each system is disclosed in table 2). The figure shows that the addition of fumed silica to carbon black results in a reduction in total reflection.

Fig. 5 shows the absorbance of the five systems used in fig. 4. The figure shows that the addition of fumed silica to carbon black increases absorption.

FIG. 6a shows the absorbance of the three (3) systems, and FIG. 6b shows the luminescence (L)^*) Data: a 4.00% carbon black control without nanoparticles, 4.00% carbon black with 4% silica shell nanoparticles and 4.00% carbon black with 4.00% fumed silica nano-type. The figure shows that the addition of 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles or 4.00% silica shell nanoparticles results in increased absorption and decreased luminescence, resulting in an enhanced contrast (darker) compared to the carbon black control (no nanoparticles). The overall composition of each system is disclosed in table 5.

Fig. 7a shows the total transmission for three (3) systems, and fig. 7b shows the total reflection and scattered reflection data: a 4.00% carbon black control without nanoparticles, 4.00% carbon black with 4.00% silica shell nanoparticles, and 4.00% carbon black with 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles. The graph shows that the addition of 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles results in increased transmission, reduced total reflection, and reduced scattered reflection. The overall composition of each system is disclosed in table 5. The reflection and absorption values for each system disclosed in table 5 are shown in table 6.

Detailed Description

In accordance with the foregoing and other objects, detailed herein, the present invention provides a composition comprising an effective amount of nanoparticles in combination with a pigment in an acceptable carrier having a film-forming agent and/or a wax to form the optical effect observed in moth eyes, which improves the aesthetic appearance of a biological surface. For example, the composition may improve the appearance of biological surfaces damaged by chronological aging processes, environmental or natural imperfections. The composition is also useful for beautifying and modifying biological surfaces. When applied to a surface, for example, a biological surface, the composition enhances the appearance of the surface by enhancing absorption, enhancing transmission, and reducing reflection properties. The compositions of the present invention may be applied to a biological surface on a daily basis or when a natural appearance or increased color is desired to achieve an enhanced aesthetic appearance of the biological surface. Biological surfaces include, but are not limited to, keratinous tissue, skin, hair, lips, eyelashes, eyebrows, and nails.

The compositions of the present invention alter the way light reaches a biological surface to provide hiding, opacity and hiding. The composition of the present invention comprises transparent or opaque nanoparticles and cosmetic pigments. The nanoparticles and pigment combination present in the cosmetic composition are suitable for application to a biological surface.

The term "nanoparticle" as used herein refers to a nanometer-sized particle having a diameter of about 1 nanometer to about 999 nanometers; "nanoparticle" as used herein refers to nano-sized particles, nanoclusters, clusters, particles, small particles, and nanostructured materials.

The effective amount of nanomaterial in an acceptable carrier depends on factors including the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment to film former and/or wax in the carrier, the surface area of each nanoparticle, the physical properties of the nanoparticles, and the weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment. The pigment, carrier and nanoparticle material may each have different refractive indices so that the light diffusion properties may be controlled. The refractive index of the pigment is higher than that of the nanomaterial to obtain optimal side light diffusion. The size of each nanoparticle is preferably smaller than the wavelength of visible light to enhance light absorption and reduce reflection.

Suitable pigment particle sizes in the present invention range from about 100 nanometers to about 10 micrometers. More preferably, the pigment particle size is from about 100 nanometers to about 2 microns. Preferred inorganic pigments for use in the present invention are those typically used in the personal care or cosmetic industry to provide hiding, and/or coloring. In one embodiment of the invention, the pigment material is about 0.5 microns; in another embodiment of the present invention, the pigment material is about 1.0 micron. Reference to the size of a pigment or nanoparticle means the length of the largest straight dimension of the pigment or nanoparticle. For example, the size of a spherical pigment is its diameter, and the size of a spherical nanoparticle is its diameter.

The refractive index of the pigment may be about 1.38 to about 3.52; more preferably from about 1.40 to about 3.50; more preferably from about 1.42 to about 3.40; more preferably from about 1.60 to about 3.40. Pigments having a refractive index of about 1.38 to about 3.52 include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase), zinc oxide, and iron oxide. Refractometers can be used to measure the refractive index of various materials. Details on the refraction principle can be found in Optics (fourth edition), 2002, of Eugene Hecht. Details regarding the refractive index of materials can be found in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86 th edition, 2005-2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the composition consists of a mixture of pigments of different refractive indices. In another embodiment of the invention, the composition consists of a single pigment.

Suitable inorganic pigments include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, and cerium oxide, as well as zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, and ferric blue. Suitable organic pigments include, but are not limited to, barium, strontium, calcium and aluminum lakes and carbon black. Any pigment material of the present composition that produces the desired effect may be used, non-limiting examples of which include metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide. For representative pigments used in the Cosmetic industry, reference is made to Cosmetic ingredient Dictionary (INCI) and Handbook, 10 th edition (2004), published by cosmetics, Toiletry and france association (CTFA).

In one embodiment, the composition comprises titanium dioxide. In another embodiment, the composition comprises iron oxide. In another embodiment, the composition comprises carbon black.

Organic and inorganic pigments suitable for use in the present invention may be substantially solid or porous. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the pigment is substantially solid and uniform in contour.

The size of the nanoparticles suitable for forming the desired optical effect observed in the moth eye of the present invention ranges from about 1nm to about 900 nm; more preferably from about 7nm to about 700 nm; more preferably from about 10nm to about 500 nm. The nanoparticles of the present invention have an average particle size ranging from about 10nm to about 700 nm; more preferably from about 20nm to about 500 nm; more preferably from about 30nm to about 500 nm. In various embodiments of the invention, the nanoparticles have an average particle size of about 10nm, about 20nm, about 50nm, about 75nm, about 100nm, about 125nm, about 150nm, about 175nm, about 200nm, about 225nm, about 250nm, about 275nm, about 300nm, about 325nm, about 350nm, about 375nm, about 400nm, about 425nm, about 450nm, about 475nm, or about 500 nm. Preferably, the nanoparticles have a diameter below the wavelength of the light with which they interact, thereby producing the desired effect.

In one embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are smaller than the size of the pigment. In another embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are about the same size as the pigment. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticles are larger than the size of the pigment.

Nanoparticles suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, nanoparticles made from fumed silica, metal oxides (e.g., alumina, fumed alumina, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or zirconia), or polymeric nanoparticles such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), nylon, Polyethylene (PE), Polystyrene (PS), polytetrafluoroethylene, or cellulose. The refractive index of the nanoparticles may be about 1.30 to about 3.50. In one embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are fumed silica having a refractive index of about 1.46. In one embodiment, the composition consists of a mixture of nanoparticles of different refractive indices.

The nanoparticles in the composition are capable of enhancing the absorption of visible light and/or altering the scattering behavior of visible light. The difference between the refractive indices of the cosmetic pigment and the nanoparticles may range from about 0.01 to about 2.0. In one embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the refractive indices of the cosmetic pigment and the nanomaterial is about 2.0. In another embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the refractive indices of the cosmetic pigment and the nanomaterial is about 1.0. In another embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the refractive indices of the cosmetic pigment and the nanomaterial is about 0.7. In another embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the refractive indices of the cosmetic pigment and the nanomaterial is about 0.5.

The composition comprising pigments having a high refractive index and nanoparticles having a low refractive index allows light direction change at the surface interface, thereby enhancing light absorption and diffusion, and reducing light reflection and scattering, which results in high hiding and reduced gloss, enhanced natural or increased color contrast and blurring effects. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic pigment has a refractive index of about 2.02; in another embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the pigment is about 2.19.

The weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles in the compositions of the present invention ranges from about 10.0: 1.0 to about 1.0: 10.0. The weight ratio determines the relative percentage of nanoparticles to pigment particles, thereby affecting the refractive index of the composition. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 4.0: 1.0; in another embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 4.0; in another embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 1.0; in another embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 1.4; in yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 1.8; in another embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 3.0. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition has a weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment particles of about 1.0: 1.4.

The weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier ranges from about 100.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 5.0, more preferably from about 100.0: 1.0 to about 1.0: 1.75, more preferably from about 100.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0, more preferably from about 20.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0, more preferably from about 10.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0, more preferably from about 2.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0. The weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier determines the relative percentage of nanoparticles within the composition that is responsible for the optical effect observed in moth-eye formation, i.e., increasing light absorbance.

At L^*a^*b^*In color space (also known as CIELAB), L^*Represents the brightness of light, and a^*And b^*Is the color direction. L is measured from 0 (black) to 100 (white)^*. In the xy coordinate plane will be^*And b^*The values of (a) are plotted such that + a is red, -a is green, -b is yellow, -b is blue. a is^*b^*The origin (center) of the plane is colorless, and (+/-) a^*Or (+/-) b^*The increase in (b) results in an increase in color density. The formulations of the present invention have color pigments with enhanced color depth, i.e., increased (+/-) a^*Or (+/-) b^*The value is obtained. When the inventive formulation is black, the formulation has increased light absorption and reduced light reflection, i.e., reduced L^*Value (i.e., stronger black). Table 1 shows examples of mascara formulations and representative L thereof^*The value is obtained. Mascara formulations containing hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica exhibit minimal L^*。

Table 1:proving its representative L ^* Mascara formulations of valueExamples of (2)

	1	2	3
				Kobo black iron oxide pigment	4.00	4.00	4.00
Aeroxide LE 3(deGussa)	0	4.00	0
				Cadre hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica #79684	4.00	0	0
KP-550(Shin Etsu)	5.60	5.60	5.60
				Versagel MD 1600(Panerco)	56.00	56.00	56.00
Isododecane	30.40	30.40	30.40
				(in total)	100	100	100
L*Value of	15.40	19.00	25.00

In one embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier is about 1.0: 1.0; in another embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier is about 1.4: 1.0. In one embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier is about 1.7: 1.0; in another embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment particles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier is about 2.0: 1.0.

Suitable film forming agents for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, sulfopolyester resins, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, acrylic resins, silicone acrylate polymers (such as those available from Shin Etsu), polyvinylpyrrolidones, high molecular weight silicones, organosiloxanes, polyurethanes, hydrophobic acrylate copolymers, and others known in the art (e.g., those listed in WO03/105790, incorporated herein). The film-forming agent is preferably present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the film former is a polymer. In one embodiment, the film former is a silicone acrylate copolymer.

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises one or more waxes, gums or mixtures thereof. Suitable waxes include hydrocarbon-based waxes, fluorine-containing waxes, and/or silicone waxes, and may be of vegetable, mineral, animal, and/or synthetic origin. In particular, the wax has a melting point higher than 25 ℃, preferably higher than 45 ℃. The compositions of the present invention may contain from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of wax, based on the total weight of the composition. The gum is typically a high molecular weight Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a cellulose gum or a polysaccharide, and the semi-solid material is typically a hydrocarbon based compound such as, but not limited to, lanolin and its derivatives, or alternatively PDMS. The compositions of the present invention may contain from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of gum, based on the total weight of the composition, typically from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.

The nanoparticles of the composition of the invention have a surface area in the range of about 20m²G to about 700m²Per g, more preferably about 50m²G to about 500m²(ii)/g; more preferably about 70m²G to about 400m²(ii) in terms of/g. The surface area of the nanoparticles controls the multiple scattering of light in the composition.

The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the specific amounts of pigment, nanoparticles, and carrier with solvents, one or more film formers and/or waxes, and other ingredients as desired, which have been previously mixed. The ingredients were mixed with a very high shear knife mixer for a sufficient period of time to prepare a homogeneous mixture. It will be appreciated that the timing and order of addition of the compounds may vary depending on the ingredients of the desired composition.

The compositions of the present invention provide increased color depth of the pigments used, regardless of the type of pigment used. Thus, the compositions of the present invention can provide a color intensity from an organic pigment that is similar to the color intensity of an organic lake. Such compositions would then have the benefits of high color concentrations typically associated with organic pigments, as well as the stability associated with inorganic pigments.

In the case where the compositions of the present invention lack pigments, it is believed that the compositions will increase light transmission as well as provide increased color density to the biological surface to which the composition is applied. Such compositions of the present invention may be used to enhance the natural color of biological surfaces. In the absence of a pigment in the compositions of the present invention, the weight ratio of nanoparticles to film former and/or wax present in the carrier ranges from about 100.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 5.0, more preferably from about 20.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0, more preferably from about 10.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0, more preferably from about 2.0: 1.0 to about 1.05: 1.0.

In the moth eye, light enters the gaps between the conical protuberances having a diameter of less than 500nm (fig. 1). The composition of the present invention may contain nanoparticles having a low refractive index; the composition of the present invention has nanoparticles, preferably of sub-visible wavelength size, to create the optical effect observed in moth eyes.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory or mechanism, it is believed that when the composition of the present invention is applied as a coating on a biological surface, the nanoparticles aggregate on the outer surface of the coating (i.e., the surface opposite the surface adjacent to the biological surface). If such aggregation occurs, the outer surface of the coating will have a morphology similar to moth eyes. The aggregation of the nanoparticles on the outer surface of the coating will depend on the weight ratio of the nanoparticles plus the pigment to the film former in the carrier. At the specific weight ratios disclosed herein, the nanoparticles of the compositions of the present invention are exposed to incident light. It is believed that when incident light strikes the nanoparticles, the light is absorbed and scattered, which reduces light reflection.

The design and selection of the nanoparticles can increase the angle of incidence to greater than the critical angle for total internal reflection, thereby increasing the diffusion of light along the nanoparticle and pigment interface. By using nanoparticles with low reflectivity, high hiding and enhanced color can be obtained. Compositions comprising low refractive index nanoparticles and high refractive index pigments are capable of imparting a more natural appearance to the composition by increasing transmittance when applied to the skin.

Advantages of the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the simplicity of providing enhanced color while using cosmetically acceptable pigments and carriers.

If the nanoparticles in the composition of the present invention are small, for example, about 100 nanometers or less, films and coatings are produced that provide Ultraviolet (UV) protection in addition to forming the optical effects observed in moth eyes. Another advantage of nanoparticles is that they can absorb oil, sebum and moisture. These characteristics provide other benefits in cosmetic and dermatological formulations or compositions, and enhance the aesthetic and natural appearance of biological surfaces.

The compositions of the present invention have optical properties that enhance the aesthetic and natural appearance of biological surfaces by enhancing the color of pigments or dyes. When applied to a biological surface, the compositions of the present invention result in optical blurring and increased light transmission, light scattering, and thereby reduce the appearance of dermatological signs of chronological aging, photoaging, hormonal aging, and/or photochemical aging; reducing the appearance of fine lines and/or wrinkles; reduced visibility of fine lines and wrinkles on the face, facial wrinkles on the cheeks, forehead, vertical lines between the eyes, horizontal lines on the eyes and around the mouth, statutory lines and especially deep lines or wrinkles; reducing the appearance and/or depth of fine lines and/or wrinkles; improving the appearance of infraorbital and/or periorbital lines; the appearance of the fishtail lines is reduced; improving the appearance of rejuvenated and/or rejuvenated skin, reducing the appearance of aged skin; reducing the appearance of skin fragility; reducing the appearance of mucopolysaccharide and/or collagen loss; reducing the appearance of estrogen imbalance; reducing the appearance of skin atrophy; reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation; reducing the appearance of skin discoloration; improving the appearance of skin tone, radiance, clarity and/or firmness; reducing the appearance of sagging skin; improving the appearance of skin firmness, plumpness, flexibility and/or suppleness; improving the appearance of procollagen and collagen production; improving skin texture and/or restoring the appearance of texture; improving the appearance of skin barrier repair and/or function; improving the appearance of skin contours; improving the appearance of reduced skin radiance and/or radiance; improving the appearance of dermatological signs of fatigue and/or stress; improving the appearance of ambient pressure; improving the appearance of cell aging; improving the appearance of skin dehydration; improving the appearance of elastic and/or resilient skin; improving the appearance of microcirculation; reducing the appearance of cellulite formation; or any combination thereof.

Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of improving the aesthetic or natural appearance of a biological surface comprising applying to the biological surface an effective amount of a composition of the present invention having the features and characteristics described herein to improve the aesthetic or natural appearance of the biological surface, including, but not limited to, keratinous tissue, skin, hair, and nails.

The biological surface may be any surface to which cosmetic, personal care, dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions are typically applied, including but not limited to skin, lips, hair, nails, and the like. Compositions applied to the skin improve or enhance the aesthetic appearance of skin by masking the natural aging process, discoloration, chronic and cumulative damage to biological surfaces and imperfections on the surface. Compositions for application to keratin surfaces or mucous membranes improve or enhance the aesthetic appearance of the surface by enhancing the natural color and the color added as a pigment.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the following findings: nanoparticles in the composition that produce the optical effects observed in moth eyes can mask defects and add color to the biological surface with an increased concentration. Thus, the optical properties of the compositions of the present invention are capable of masking imperfections of the biological surface and increasing the color and shade with increased concentration, thereby improving the aesthetic and natural appearance of the biological surface. The optical properties of the compositions of the present invention also allow for the beautification and modification of biological surfaces.

One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of applying the claimed composition to an affected area of skin. The composition is preferably applied topically by the user as needed any number of times during the course of the day and stays on the affected skin areas including, but not limited to, the face, neck, legs and thighs, scalp and entire body. The topical composition preferably has nanoparticles as described above in combination with pigments, which improve the cosmetic and/or aesthetic appearance of skin, in particular aged and/or inflamed skin.

The compositions of the present invention are useful for improving the natural and aesthetic appearance of biological surfaces, including skin, lips, hair and nails, when applied to the biological surface (preferably topically) by the user as many times as desired. The compositions of the present invention may include, in addition to a carrier or vehicle, non-limiting examples of active ingredients useful for reducing, eliminating or masking medical and/or cosmetic conditions associated with aging, inflammation and deterioration of biological surfaces. Such conditions as used herein generally include, but are not limited to, dermatological aging (age aging, hormonal aging, and/or photochemical aging), dermatitis, skin and hair fragility, hirsutism, rosacea, skin blemishes, sensitive skin, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, thinned skin, roughness, keratosis, skin atrophy, wrinkles, fine lines, hyperplasia, fibrosis, and any combination thereof. The active ingredients of the present invention may also be used to enhance the overall health, vitality, condition and aesthetic appearance of skin.

Compositions having desirable properties according to the present invention may be used in topical formulations, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, sunscreens, cosmetics, including color cosmetics and formulations for reducing signs of aging dermatological signs, including wrinkles, fine lines, sagging skin, and the like. Also in accordance with the present invention, the compositions may be formulated in a variety of product forms. The compositions may be formulated in a target delivery system, for example, creams, lotions, moisturizers, gels, lotions, serums, sprays, foams, powders, and the like, particularly for topical application and delivery.

The compositions of the present invention are preferably for topical application or for targeted delivery without inducing significant irritation. The compositions of the invention are suitable for all skin types, such as sensitive, normal, dry or oily, preferably sensitive to dry skin, as well as mature skin. In particular embodiments, the compositions are suitable for dry skin. The composition is applied to the skin for a period of time sufficient to enhance the natural and aesthetic appearance of the skin. The compositions may be topically applied to biological surfaces, including but not limited to, skin, lips, and hair, once, twice, or more daily.

The topical composition may be formulated into liposomes, which may contain other additives or substances, and/or which may be modified to more specifically reach or stay at a site after administration. The compositions of the present embodiments produce an improvement in the aesthetic appearance of skin by masking or ameliorating at least one of the above conditions, or a combination thereof.

The compositions of the invention described herein may be topically applied according to conventional techniques for imparting such compositions. Topical cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions are preferably applied once or more times daily. The cosmetic composition is preferably applied to the face and neck, but may also be applied to any area of skin where aesthetic improvements are desired, wherein the cosmetic composition remains on the affected area of skin and preferably is not removed or rinsed off from the skin. Conventional and commonly used techniques include applying creams, lotions, essences, ointments, make-up, sunscreen compositions, etc. to the skin. Preferably, the cosmetic composition is a topical leave-on formulation, wherein a spray is also envisaged as application form.

The compositions of the present invention are suitable for contacting living mammalian tissue, including human tissue, or synthetic equivalents thereof, without substantially adverse physiological effects on the user. The compositions encompassed by the present invention may be provided in any cosmetically and/or dermatologically suitable form, preferably as an emulsion or cream, but may also be in anhydrous or aqueous bases, as well as in sprayable liquid forms. Other suitable cosmetic forms for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, for example, emulsions, creams, balms, lip colors, lotions, foams, masks, essences, lotions, ointments, mousses, patches, pomades, solutions, sprays, wax-based sticks, or wet wipes. In addition, the compositions contemplated by the present invention may include one or more compatible cosmetically acceptable adjuvants commonly used and known to those skilled in the art, such as fragrances, emollients, humectants, preservatives, vitamins, chelating agents, thickeners, perilla oil or perilla seed oil (WO 01/66067 "Method of Treating skin conditions," incorporated herein), and the like, as well as other botanical materials, such as aloe, chamomile, and the like, and as further described below.

The nanoparticle-bound pigments of the present invention may be included in a cosmetically, dermatologically, physiologically, and pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, diluent, or carrier for reducing, ameliorating, or preventing dermatological signs associated with aging and inflammation of biological surfaces. In embodiments including topical application, the compositions of the present invention comprise a medium (vehicle, diluent, or carrier) compatible with mammalian biological surfaces, including skin, lips, hair, and nails. The compositions may be formulated as aqueous phases, oily phases, alcoholic or aqueous/alcoholic-based solutions, ointments, creams, emulsions, gels, wax-in-water emulsions, or water-in-oil, oil-in-water, water-oil-water triple emulsions, microemulsions or aerosols having the appearance of a cream or gel.

The aqueous phase is a mixture of one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible ingredients, which may be liquid, semi-solid, or solid at room temperature (25 ℃). The carrier comprises, or is in the form of, a suspension, dispersion or solution in an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic carrier, which may contain a thickening or gelling agent. Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate cosmetic form, ingredients contained therein, and a method for preparing the same based on the knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art.

In one embodiment, the composition may comprise an aqueous phase, which may contain water or a mixture of water and at least one hydrophilic organic solvent, in particular an alcohol, especially a linear or branched lower monohydric alcohol containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example ethanol or propanol; polyols, for example, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, diglycerol, panthenol or polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. The aqueous phase may represent from about 0.5 wt% to about 99.99 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

In another embodiment, when the composition of the present invention is in the form of an emulsion, the composition may also optionally comprise a surfactant, preferably in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, and particularly, about 1% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the composition may also comprise a thickening polymer, such as an amphoteric polyurethane, a polyacrylic acid homopolymer or copolymer, a polyester or a hydrocarbon-based resin. Other non-limiting polymers include homopolymers or copolymers of: vinyl esters of aliphatic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate; acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters of alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate; and mono-and di-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons including ethylene isobutylene, styrene, and aliphatic dienes including butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene.

One embodiment of the present invention further relates to the composition of the present invention, which may further comprise an oil phase containing oil soluble or oil dispersible ingredients that are liquid at room temperature (25 ℃) and/or oily or waxy bases that are solid at room temperature, such as waxes, semisolids, gums, and mixtures thereof. The oil phase may also contain an organic solvent.

Suitable oily materials which are liquid at room temperature, commonly referred to as oils, include hydrocarbon-based oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; hydrocarbon-based vegetable oils, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, for example heptanoic acid or octanoic acid triglycerides, or oils, such as sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, grape seed oil, castor oil, avocado oil, octanoic/decanoic acid triglycerides, jojoba oil; linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as liquid paraffin or derivatives thereof, petrolatum; synthetic esters and ethers, in particular esters of fatty alcohols, i.e. for example isopropyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldodecyl stearate, isostearyl isostearate; hydroxylated esters, such as lactic acid isostearate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyl dodecyl hydroxystearate, heptanoate, octanoate and decanoate of fatty alcohols; polyhydric alcohol esters such as propylene glycol caprylate, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate, diethylene glycol diisononanoate and pentaerythritol esters; fatty alcohols having 12 to 26 carbon atoms, such as octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleyl alcohol; part of hydrocarbon-based fluorine-containing oil and/or fluorosilicone oil; silicone oils, such as volatile or non-volatile, linear or cyclic Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) that are liquid or semi-solid at room temperature, such as cyclomethicones and polydimethylsiloxanes, optionally containing phenyl groups, for example, phenyl trimethicone, siloxanes or mixtures thereof. These oils are generally present in an amount of from about 0% to about 90%, preferably from about 1% to about 80% by weight of the oil phase.

The oil phase of the compositions of the present invention may also comprise one or more cosmetically acceptable organic solvents. These solvents are present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 80%, preferably about 1% to about 50%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition, and may be selected from lipophilic organic solvents, amphoteric organic solvents, and mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate or 2-methoxyethyl acetate; isopropyl acetate; hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, p-xylene, hexane or heptane; ethers containing at least 3 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

The composition of the present invention may further comprise any ingredient commonly used in the cosmetic field. These ingredients include preservatives, aqueous phase thickeners (polysaccharide biopolymers, synthetic polymers) and fatty phase thickeners, fragrances, hydrophilic and lipophilic active agents, and mixtures thereof. The content of these various ingredients is that which is commonly used in the cosmetic field to achieve the determined purpose, and generally ranges from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition. The nature of these ingredients and their amounts must be compatible with the production of the compositions of the invention.

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise other particulate phases, typically present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, and which may comprise pearlescent agents and/or fillers used in cosmetic compositions. Suitable pearlescent agents include titanium dioxide or iron oxide coated mica.

Fillers are generally present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably about 0.5% to about 15% by weight. Suitable fillers include talc, silica, zinc stearate, mica, kaolin, nylon (especially orgasol) powder, polyethylene powder, TeflonStarch, boron nitride, copolymer microspheres such as Expancel(Nobel Industrie; Sweden), Polytrap(Dow Corning, Inc.; Midland, MI) and Silicone Microbeads (Tospearl)GE Toshiba Silicones; japan).

More particularly, the composition for topical application may be in the form of a protective care composition for the skin, in particular for the face, neck, hands, feet or other parts of the body. Non-limiting examples include day creams or lotions, night creams or lotions, moisturizers, ointments, sun creams, lotions or oils, ointments, gels, body lotions, color cosmetics (foundations, tanning agents), artificial tanning compositions, depilatories, patches, emulsifiers, or solids poured or injected into, for example, a stick or dish. The composition of the present invention is ideal for use in foundation products because it can achieve high coverage and blurring effects to create a natural looking feel.

In another embodiment, the topical compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more of the following: skin penetration enhancers, emollients, skin moisturizers, light diffusers, sunscreens, exfoliation promoters, and antioxidants. Details regarding these and other suitable Cosmetic ingredients may be found in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (INCI) and Handbook, 10 th edition (2004), published by Cosmetic, Toiletryand Fragrance Association (CTFA), pp.2177-2299, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Emollients provide the functional benefits of enhanced skin smoothness, reduced appearance of fine and coarse lines, and moisturization. Non-limiting examples include isopropyl myristate, petrolatum, isopropyl lanolin, silicones (e.g., methicone, dimethicone), oils, mineral oils, fatty acid esters, or any mixture thereof. The emollient is preferably present in about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Skin moisturizer is used as collagen enhancer for skin. An example of a suitable and preferred skin plumper is palmitoyl oligopeptide. Other skin plumping agents are collagen and/or glycosaminoglycan (GAG) enhancers. The skin plumper is preferably present from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the total weight of the composition.

In addition to nanoparticles and pigments, light diffusers or soft focus materials that alter the optical properties of the skin surface are also contemplated, resulting in visual blurring and softening of, for example, fine lines and wrinkles. Can be used forExamples of the light diffuser to be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, boron nitride, mica, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane powder, sericite, silica, silicone powder, talc, TeflonTitanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or any mixture thereof. The light diffusing agent is preferably present in about 0.01 wt% to about 20 wt% of the total weight of the composition.

Sunscreens protect the skin from damaging ultraviolet light. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, by using a single sunscreen or a combination of sunscreens, the sunscreen will provide both UVA and UVB protection. Sunscreens which may be used in the compositions of the present invention are avobenzone, derivatives of meat silicic acid (such as octyl methoxy carnosic acid ester), octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, non-mesoporous titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or any combination thereof. The sunscreen agent may be present in about 1% to about 30% by weight of the total weight of the composition. The addition of a sunscreen may protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation. As explained above, UV protection can also be achieved by utilizing nanoparticles of about 100 nanometers or less.

The sunscreen-containing compositions of the present invention provide additional improvements in the aesthetic appearance of skin, including at least one of: minimize sunburn, minimize tanning, and reduce redness.

In embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise one or more exfoliation promoters. Suitable examples of exfoliation promoters that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs); benzoyl peroxide; a beta-hydroxy acid; keto acids such as pyruvic acid, 2-oxopropionic acid, 2-oxobutyric acid and 2-oxopentanoic acid; oxo acids, as disclosed in U.S. patent nos. 5,847,003 and 5,834,513 (the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference); salicylic acid; urea; or any mixture thereof. One preferred exfoliation promoter is 3, 6, 9-trioxaundecanedioic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, or any mixture thereof. (see INCI, p.2205).

When embodiments of the present invention include an exfoliation promoter, the composition contains from about 0.1% to 30% by weight of the exfoliation promoter, preferably from about 1% to about 15%, more preferably from about 1% to about 10%, based on the total weight of the composition.

Among other things, antioxidants are used to scavenge free radicals from the skin to protect the skin from the environment. Examples of antioxidants that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include compounds having phenolic hydroxyl functionality, such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives; beta-carotene; a catechin; curcumin; ferulic acid derivatives (e.g., ethyl ferulate, sodium ferulate); gallic acid derivatives (e.g., propyl gallate); lycopene; reducing the acid; rosmarinic acid; tannic acid; tetrahydrocurcumin; tocopherol and derivatives thereof; uric acid; or any mixture thereof. Other suitable antioxidants are those having one or more thiol functional groups (-SH), in reduced or non-reduced form, such as glutathione, lipoic acid, thioglycolic acid and other sulfhydryl compounds. The antioxidant may be inorganic, such as bisulfite, metabisulfite, sulfite, or other inorganic salts and acids containing sulfur. The compositions of the present invention may preferably have from about 0.001 wt% to about 10 wt% antioxidant, more preferably from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt% of the total weight of the composition. (see INCI, p.2184).

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition may also contain one or more of the following cosmetic and pharmaceutical active agents, excipients, ingredients or adjuvants; anesthetics, antibiotics, e.g., erythromycin and tetracycline, salicylic acid, antiallergic agents, antifungal agents, antibacterial agents, anti-irritants, anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobial agents, analgesics, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, insecticides, self-tanning agents, skin permeation enhancers, skin coolants, chelating agents, colorants, including dyes, lakes, and pigments, which may be untreated or chemically surface treated to improve wettability or some other property, humectants, pH adjusters, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, thickeners, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, vitamins, or any mixture thereof. These various materials are used in amounts commonly used in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical arts to achieve their intended purpose, for example, they may constitute from about 0.01% to 20% of the total weight of the composition.

Non-limiting examples of active agents for formulating into the compositions of the present invention include those agents other than the active agents described that are effective in treating wrinkles and/or fine lines, such as keratolytic agents, i.e., agents that have exfoliating, or scrubbing properties, or agents that can soften the stratum corneum of the skin. Other examples of anti-wrinkle or anti-fine line actives include hydroxy acids and retinoids. These materials may be formulated, for example, in an amount of about 0.01% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Suitable hydroxy acids include, for example, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, mandelic acid, salicylic acid and alkyl derivatives thereof, including 5-n-octanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-dodecanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-decanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-octylsalicylic acid, 5-n-heptyloxysalicylic acid, 4-n-heptyloxysalicylic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid or alkoxy derivatives thereof, such as 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid.

The emulsifier is generally present in the composition of the invention in an amount of from about 0.01% to 30% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. However, not all compositions necessarily include an emulsifier. (see, e.g., INCI, p.2276-2285).

Non-limiting examples of suitable thickeners include xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carbomer, gum arabic, Sepigel 305 (available from Seppic co., france) and clays such as magnesium aluminum silicate. (see, e.g., INCI, p.2293-2299).

The topical compositions of the present invention may include one or more wetting agents such as urea, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, amino acids, sodium hyaluronate, certain polyols and other compounds having hygroscopic properties and their effectiveness may be enhanced by one or more wetting agents. (see INCI, p.2244).

The general activity and mildness of the topical compositions of the present invention on skin may also be enhanced by neutralization to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 7.0, most preferably to a pH of from about 3.7 to about 5.6. Preferably, aluminum hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, arginine or other amino acids, and/or triethylamine are used to achieve this neutralization.

Exemplary retinoids include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid (e.g., all trans or 13-cis) and its derivatives, retinol (vitamin a) and its esters, such as retinol palmitate, retinol acetate, and retinol propionate, and salts thereof.

The nanoparticles and pigments of the present invention may be contained in a cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable vehicle, medium, diluent or carrier. The compositions of the present invention can be further formulated according to procedures known in the art to provide cosmetic compositions such as emulsions, gels, creams, lotions, masks, lotions, essences, oils, water-in-oil, oil-in-water, water-oil-water triple emulsions with cream or gel appearance, microemulsions, creams, pastes, sticks, cakes, pencils, aerosols and essential oils, and other topical cosmetic vehicles. It is also contemplated that the topical compositions of the present invention may be incorporated into delivery systems such as liposomes and topical patches, tapes and sprays.

In addition, the composition may be in the form of a dispersion of vesicles containing ionic and/or nonionic lipids, as described above. Dosage forms suitable for these compositions are formulated according to conventional knowledge and techniques used in the art.

Examples

The following examples describe specific aspects of the invention to illustrate the invention and provide a description of the methods of the invention to those skilled in the art. This example should not be construed as limiting the invention as it merely provides a specific methodology useful in understanding and practicing the invention and its various aspects.

This example examined the effect of adding nanoparticles to a composition containing a color pigment in a concentration sufficient to effectively form the optical effect observed in moth eyes. The transmittance, reflectance and absorbance were quantified using a Gretag macbeth color Eye 7000A spectrophotometer (absorbance 100- (total transmittance + SCI reflectance)).

A physical mixture of the composition comprising nanoparticles was prepared using a speed mixer and a silicone acrylate copolymer (KP 550 from Shin Etsu) which is 40% polymer in Isododecane (IDD). The solution was cast on clean (optically clear/colorless) glass plates to obtain wet films of approximately 125 microns thick and dried overnight to form dry films, with resulting dry films of 21-25 microns in thickness, based on solids content. Samples were prepared in duplicate. Average luminescence (L) was collected directly using the same sample area^*) For total reflection (including the specular component-SCI) and scattered reflection (excluding the specular component-SCE). Data was collected at two different areas of each sample, with four data points for each sample. The wrong data points are removed using a Q-test. All error bars shown are ± one standard deviation. A summary of the samples prepared is shown in tables 1 and 2 below. For the samples reported in tables 1 and 2, the color pigment was carbon black (D)&C Black #2), and the values are reported as weight% of the total composition.

Figure 2 shows the reflectance (total reflectance (SCI)) and scatter reflectance (SCE) for compositions 1, 2, 3 and 4 (control) prepared as shown in table 2. The figure shows that the addition of any kind of silica nanoparticles reduces the total reflection (SCI-including the specular component) without changing the diffuse reflection (SCE-excluding the specular component), within the error range.

Table 2: physical mixtures of compositions comprising nanoparticles

Batch number 1	Carbon black, D&CBlack#26.94	Hydrophobic silica Shell-SH (Koboproducts)2.78	Cadre hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica #796840	Degussa Aerooxidile 3fumed silica 0	KP-550, film former 6.94	IDD, solvent 83.34	Total (parts) of 100
								2	6.94	0	2.78	0	6.94	83.34	100
3	6.94	0	0	2.78	6.94	83.34	100
								4	7.14	0	0	0	7.14	85.72	100
5	6.94	0	0	5.00	6.94	81.12	100
								6	6.94	0	0	7.00	6.94	79.12	100
7	6.94	0	5.00	0	6.94	81.12	100
								8	6.94	0	7.00	0	6.94	79.12	100
9	9.00	0	0	2.78	6.94	81.28	100
								10	11.0	0	0	2.78	6.94	79.28	100
11	9.00	0	0	5.00	6.94	79.06	100
								12	0	0	7.14	0	7.14	85.72	100
13	0	0	0	7.14	7.14	85.72	100

Figure 3 shows the absorbance of compositions 1, 2, 3 and 4 (control) prepared as shown in table 2. The figure shows that the addition of any kind of silica improves the absorption compared to the pigment alone (composition 4).

Figure 4 shows the reflectance (total reflectance (SCI) and scattered reflectance (SCE)) for compositions 5, 6, 9, 11 and 4 (control) prepared as shown in table 2. The figure shows that the addition of fumed silica to carbon black results in a decrease in total and scattered reflectance.

Fig. 5 shows the absorbance of compositions 5, 6, 9, 11 and 4 (control) prepared as shown in table 2. The figure shows that the addition of fumed silica to carbon black results in a decrease in total reflection.

Table 3 summarizes the reflectance and absorbance of all compositions prepared as shown in table 2.

Table 3:absorbance and Total reflectance of the compositions disclosed in Table 2

Batches of	Average L*(ref-SCI)	STDEV L*(ref-SCI)	Average L*(ref-SCE)	STDEV L*(ref-SCE)	Absorbance of the solution	STD Dev(Abs)
							1	20.50	0.69	20.26	0.62	93.95	0.89
2	21.88	0.92	16.91	1.14	96.41	0.24
							3	21.80	0.82	16.94	1.02	96.49	0.21
4	31.94	0.08	18.68	4.47	92.79	1.04
							5	20.30	0.88	14.87	0.19	96.63	0.20
6	17.92	0.49	14.19	0.44	96.01	1.13
							7	16.98	0.28	14.37	0.47	96.77	0.50
8	16.11	0.22	14.97	0.03	95.05	1.00
							9	22.65	1.11	17.72	1.53	96.06	0.34
10	20.53	0.81	16.49	0.77	96.80	0.16
							11	19.89	1.37	15.37	0.69	95.51	1.55
12	56.63	4.51	54.11	5.64	3.37	5.88
							13	66.24	2.64	65.84	2.67	7.17	4.49

Figures 2-5 show that although the efficacy of color depth and reduction in gloss are dependent on nanoparticle loading (wt%), it is also effective for the type of silica tested, the greatest increase in absorbance is obtained when the silica (nanoparticle) to carbon black (pigment) ratio is approximately 1.0: 1.4.

Table 4 lists the properties of three lots of the composition of the invention containing fumed silica (Degussa aerooxide LE3, fumed silica) nanoparticles and a control lot without any nanoparticles (all compositions of which are disclosed in table 2). Table 4 shows that the presence of nanoparticles in the composition increases the absorbance. In addition, table 4 shows that as the nanoparticle plus pigment to film former weight ratio increases, the percentage of total reflection decreases.

Table 4:combinations with and without fumed silica (Aeroxide LE 3) nanoparticles Absorbance and reflectance of the substance

Batch #	Carbon Black (pigment) weight%	AeroxidieLE 3 (nanoparticle) weight%	KP-550 (film Forming agent) weight%	The weight ratio of pigment plus nanoparticles to film former	Absorbance%	Total reflectance%
							4 (control)	7.14	0	7.14	1.0∶1.0	92.8	7.0
3	6.94	2.78	6.94	1.4∶1.0	96.5	3.5
							5	6.94	5.00	6.94	1.7∶1.0	96.6	3.1
6	6.94	7.00	6.94	2.0∶1.0	96.0	2.5

Fig. 6a shows the absorbance of three (3) systems: a 4.00% carbon black control without nanoparticles (batch 14), 4.00% carbon black and 4.00% silica shell nanoparticles (batch 15), and 4.00% carbon black and 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles (batch 16) were prepared as shown in table 5. FIG. 6b shows the luminescence (L) of the three systems in FIG. 6a^*) And (4) data. The figure shows that the addition of 4.00% fumed carbon dioxide nanoparticles or 4.00% silica shell nanoparticles results in increased absorbance and decreased luminescence, which results in an enhanced (darker) contrast compared to the carbon black control (no nanoparticles).

Table 5:physical mixtures of compositions comprising nanoparticles

Batch #	Carbon black, D&CBlack #2	Hydrophobic silica Shell-SH (KoboProducts)	Degussa Aeroxide LE3 fused Silica Fumed Silica	KP-550, film-forming agent	IDD, solvent	Total (parts)
							14	4.00	0	0	7.00	89.00	100
15	4.00	4.00	0	7.00	85.00	100
							16	4.00	0	4.00	7.00	85.00	100

Table 6 summarizes the reflectance and absorbance of all compositions prepared as shown in table 5.

Table 6:absorbance and Total reflectance of the compositions disclosed in Table 5

Batches of	Average L*(ref-SCI)	Average L*(ref-SCE)	Average absorbance	Transmission through	Total L*(SCI)
						14	29.91	3.28	93.73	0.08	6.2
15	27.04	5.03	94.86	0.03	5.1

16

21.32

2.98

95.15

1.51

3.3

FIG. 7a shows the absorbance for three (3) systems: a 4.00% carbon black control without nanoparticles (batch 14), 4.00% carbon black and 4.00% silica shell nanoparticles (batch 15), and 4.00% carbon black and 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles (batch 16). Fig. 7b shows total and scattered reflectance data for the three systems of fig. 7 a. The graph shows that the addition of 4.00% fumed silica nanoparticles results in increased transmission, decreased total reflection, and decreased scattered reflection.

The contents of all patents, patent applications, published papers, abstracts, books, reference manuals and abstracts, as cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to more fully describe the state of the art to which the invention pertains. All concentrations recited in the specification and claims are in weight percent unless otherwise indicated.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (38)

1. A composition, comprising:

(a) a plurality of nanoparticles;

(b) a pigment; and

(c) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a film-forming agent,

wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment to film former is from 100.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 5.0, and wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment is from 10.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 10.0;

wherein the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of fumed silica, fumed alumina, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconia, poly (methyl methacrylate), nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and cellulose, and mixtures thereof, and range in size from 10nm to 500 nm;

wherein the pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, ferric blue, barium, strontium, calcium, aluminum lakes, and carbon black and mixtures thereof;

wherein the film former is selected from the group consisting of sulfopolyester resins, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, acrylic resins, silicone acrylate polymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, high molecular weight silicones, organosiloxanes, polyurethanes, and hydrophobic acrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1, comprising a film former, wherein the film former is a silicone acrylate copolymer.

3. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a wax, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based waxes of vegetable, mineral, animal or synthetic origin, fluoro waxes and silicone waxes.

4. The composition of claim 3, further comprising a gum, wherein the gum is a high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane, a cellulosic gum, a polysaccharide lanolin, or a derivative thereof.

5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the wax has a melting point above 25 ℃.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle is fumed silica and the pigment is titanium dioxide, iron oxide, or carbon black.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier is hydrophobic and the nanoparticles are hydrophobic.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier is hydrophilic and the nanoparticles are hydrophilic.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier is hydrophobic and the nanoparticles are hydrophilic.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier is hydrophilic and the nanoparticles are hydrophobic.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pigment has a refractive index of 1.38 to 3.50, and wherein the nanoparticles have a refractive index of 1.30 to 3.50.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the nanoparticles have a refractive index of 1.46.

13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size of 200 nm.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment is from 4.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 1.0.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment is from 10.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 5.0.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles to pigment is 1.0: 1.4.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment to film former is from 100.0: 1.0 to 1.05: 1.0.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment to film former is from 2.0: 1.0 to 1.4: 1.0.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of nanoparticles plus pigment to film former is from 1.2: 1.0 to 1.0: 1.3.

20. A method of using the composition of claim 1 by applying a layer of the composition to a biological surface.

21. A method of improving the appearance of skin by applying a layer of the composition of claim 1 to the skin.

22. A method of reducing light reflection from a biological surface by applying a layer of the composition of claim 1 to the biological surface.

23. A composition, comprising:

(a) fumed silica nanoparticles;

(b) carbon black; and

(c) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a film-forming polymer,

wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles plus carbon black to film-forming polymer is from 100.0: 1.0 to 1.05: 1.0, and wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles to carbon black is from 4.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 4.0;

and wherein the film former is selected from the group consisting of sulfopolyester resins, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, acrylic resins, silicone acrylate polymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, high molecular weight silicones, organosiloxanes, polyurethanes, and hydrophobic acrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles to carbon black is 1.0: 1.4.

25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the fumed silica nanoparticles range in size from 100nm to 300 nm.

26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the fumed silica nanoparticles have an average particle size of 200 nm.

27. The composition of claim 26, wherein the carrier is hydrophobic and the fumed silica nanoparticles are hydrophobic.

28. The composition of claim 23, wherein the carrier is hydrophilic and the fumed silica nanoparticles are hydrophilic.

29. The composition of claim 23, wherein the carrier is hydrophobic and the nanoparticles are hydrophilic.

30. The composition of claim 23, wherein the carrier is hydrophilic and the nanoparticles are hydrophobic.

31. A method of reducing light reflection from a biological surface by applying a layer of the composition of claim 23 to the biological surface.

32. A composition, comprising:

(a) fumed silica nanoparticles having an average particle size of 200 nm;

(b) a pigment having a particle size of 0.3 microns to 300.0 microns, said pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, carbon black, and mixtures thereof; and

(c) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, acrylics, silicone acrylate polymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, high molecular weight silicones, organosiloxanes, polyurethanes, and hydrophobic acrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof,

wherein the fumed silica nanoparticles have a refractive index of 1.46; and the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles plus pigment to film-forming polymer is from 100.0: 1.0 to 1.05: 1.0, and wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles to pigment is from 10.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 5.0.

33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the weight ratio of pigment to fumed silica nanoparticles is from 4.0: 1.0 to 1.0: 1.0.

34. The composition of claim 33, wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles plus pigment to film-forming polymer is from 2.0: 1.0 to 1.4: 1.0.

35. A composition, comprising:

(a) fumed silica nanoparticles having a particle size of 10nm to 500 nm;

(b) a pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, carbon black, and mixtures thereof; and

(c) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a silicone acrylate copolymer,

wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles plus pigment to silicone acrylate copolymer is from 2.0: 1.0 to 1.4: 1.0, and wherein the weight ratio of fumed silica nanoparticles to pigment is 1.0: 1.4.

36. The composition of claim 35, comprising about 6.94% by weight pigment, about 5.0% by weight nanoparticles, about 6.94% by weight film former and solvent.

37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the pigment consists of carbon black, wherein the nanoparticles consist of fumed silica, and wherein the film forming agent consists of a silicone acrylate copolymer.

38. A method of reducing light reflection from a biological surface by applying a layer of the composition of claim 37 to said biological surface.