HK1145645A - Multistep cosmetic compositions - Google Patents

Description

Multistep cosmetic composition

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to a multi-step cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition system and uses thereof, and more particularly to a cosmetic composition system and uses thereof in improving the appearance of biological surfaces.

Background

There is an increasing need in the cosmetics industry to develop products that can be topically applied to the skin to improve the appearance of the skin so that the skin has a natural appearance. Ideally, a biological surface, such as skin, will have a translucent appearance, have a uniform color, a smooth and even surface, and no noticeable spots. Consumers are looking at reducing or delaying the dermatological signs of aged or hormonally or photoaged skin, such as fine lines, wrinkles, dry and sagging skin, and other conditions due to progressive deterioration of the skin matrix, as well as improving the appearance of skin damaged by environmental factors, including sunlight, pollutants, smoke, and the like. Thus, there is a need for a cosmetic that helps to form a flawless, natural look.

Obtaining a perfect, flawless and natural look is difficult because cosmetic ingredients that provide the desired color and coverage are often opaque and tend to darken the vivid and natural translucent feel of the skin. Less opaque pigments or particles are available, but they do not provide sufficient coverage to mask or disguise imperfections in or on biological surfaces, including skin. Cosmetic ingredients can deposit in fine lines and wrinkles, making blemishes and spots more visible on the skin surface, resulting in an uneven and unnatural pattern. Thus, there remains a need for formulations and preparations that convey less wrinkle and speckle perception out of the consumer's skin, by optimal levels of light refraction and reflection, and improved diffusion of light.

Currently, there is a technical gap in topical skin and color cosmetics that effectively masks fine lines and wrinkles and provides the necessary coverage to cover discoloration, age spots and blemishes to match the color tone to the natural pattern of young skin. Conventional methods of optically reducing fine lines and wrinkles include creating a hazy or soft focal effect on the skin, or by covering the fine lines and wrinkles with opaque pigments, resulting in an unnatural coating on the face. Furthermore, when conventional inorganic cosmetic pigments are added with soft focus fillers, the hazy effect is reduced and the coating gives an opaque, chalky and unnatural appearance. Conventional one-step foundations typically use highly opaque pigments, which may result in an unnatural appearance. The fine lines and wrinkles are observed to be more pronounced as the pigment migrates and deposits in the lines and wrinkles. Two-step foundations using an opaque top layer (topcoat) and bottom layer (basecoat) with pigments do not adequately mitigate fine lines and wrinkles because the benefits of the bottom layer are not optically realized.

There is a need for a cosmetic composition system and method of using the same to improve the aesthetic appearance of skin. Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a safe and effective system that is translucent, has a uniform color, is smooth and even with a biological surface, and has an appearance without significant blemishes for the treated formulation and product to be applied to the biological surface (including the skin).

Summary of The Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a system for cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions and the use thereof. More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition system for toning the skin tone of a user, masking blemishes, and blurring fine lines and wrinkles.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system comprised of a plurality of cosmetic compositions, each composition for enhancing one or more aspects affecting the appearance of a biological surface. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of using the compositions which comprises improving the appearance of the biological surface in a manner such that the effect of each composition is optimized.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system of two cosmetic compositions, the first composition being a bottom layer and the second composition being a top layer. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a colored bottom layer and a diffusive top layer. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of using two cosmetic composition systems by first applying a base layer to a biological surface and second applying a top layer to the base layer. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of first applying a colored base layer to a biological surface and second applying a diffusive top layer to the colored base layer.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system of two cosmetic compositions: the first composition is provided to hide imperfections and the second composition is used to obscure fine lines and wrinkles. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of first applying the composition to a biological surface to hide imperfections (the bottom layer) and second applying the composition to the bottom layer to obscure fine lines and wrinkles (the top layer). A further object of the invention is the use of a first composition in combination with a second composition to improve the appearance of a biological surface.

In another object of the present invention, the first cosmetic composition and the second cosmetic composition are applied sequentially to a substrate (e.g., a biological surface). In particular, a first cosmetic composition is applied as a bottom layer to a biological surface, followed by a second cosmetic composition applied as a top layer to the top of the first cosmetic composition. As a further object of the present invention, the first and second cosmetic compositions each have different refractive indices to control the diffusion characteristics of light. More particularly, the refractive index of the first cosmetic composition is higher than the refractive index of the second cosmetic composition to obtain optimal lateral light diffusion.

In another object of the invention, the diffuse transmission value of the first cosmetic composition (bottom layer) is different from the diffuse transmission value of the second cosmetic composition (top layer) to control the diffusion properties of the light. More particularly, the diffuse transmission value of the first cosmetic composition is lower than the diffuse transmission value of the second cosmetic composition. In a further object of the invention, the reflection value of the first cosmetic composition (bottom layer) is different from the reflection value of the second cosmetic composition (top layer) to control the diffusion characteristics of the light. More particularly, the reflection value of the first cosmetic composition (bottom layer) is higher than the reflection value of the second cosmetic composition (top layer).

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system of two cosmetic compositions which produces a unique optical effect on the skin. In another object, a method of improving the aesthetic or natural appearance of a biological surface by sequentially applying to the biological surface an amount effective to improve the aesthetic or natural appearance of the biological surface of two cosmetic compositions is provided. The composition is applied such that the signs of dermatological signs of damaged or aged or hormonally aged or photoaged skin (e.g., fine lines, wrinkles and sagging skin, surface blemishes and discoloration) are reduced.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention, as well as equivalents thereof, are achieved by a composition having a two cosmetic composition system for topical application to improve the aesthetic and natural appearance of biological surfaces, including, for example, skin, and methods of using the composition.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion on skin using a one-step foundation.

Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion on skin using a two-step foundation (a diffuse bottom layer and a colored top layer).

Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion on skin using a two-step foundation (colored bottom layer and a diffuse top layer).

FIG. 4 shows the percent diffuse transmittance of a colored base coat and a diffuse top coat compared to a diffuse base coat and a colored top coat.

FIG. 5 shows the percent reflectance of the colored base layer and the diffuse top layer compared to the diffuse base layer and the colored top layer.

Detailed Description

In accordance with the foregoing and other objects, as embodied herein, the present invention overcomes the deficiencies associated with the prior art by providing a cosmetic composition system that improves the aesthetic appearance of a biological surface, such as that resulting from the aging process, environmental damage to the biological surface, or natural imperfections. Cosmetic composition systems and methods thereof, once applied to a biological or synthetic biological surface, alter the appearance of the biological surface by improving diffuse transmission and reflection characteristics, thereby improving the appearance of the surface and, therefore, the biological surface. The aesthetic appearance of biological surfaces (including but not limited to skin, keratinous tissue, hair, and nails) can be achieved by topically applying the compositions of the present invention to the biological surface on a daily basis or when a natural appearance is desired.

The cosmetic composition system of the present invention modifies the optical properties of the cosmetic composition to provide a masked, opaque, masked, hazy and natural appearance. The cosmetic composition system comprises two cosmetic compositions, the first composition being a bottom layer and the second composition being a top layer. The cosmetic composition present in the system is suitable for topical skin application. The term "base layer" as used herein refers to a cosmetic layer that is applied directly to a substrate. Preferably, the substrate is a biological surface, such as skin. The term "top layer" as used herein refers to a cosmetic layer applied over a different cosmetic layer. Preferably, the top layer is applied to the bottom layer.

The cosmetic composition system of the present invention provides a colored bottom layer and a diffusive top layer. The colored base layer is used to match the skin tone and to mask blemishes or age spots. The diffuse top layer serves to obscure fine lines and wrinkles. A colored bottom layer is applied to the biological surface, followed by a diffuse top layer applied to the bottom layer. The top layer may consist of a diffusing agent, a film-forming agent and a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The base layer may consist of a pigment and a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The base layer may be a conventional foundation.

The efficacy of blurring or Soft Focus effects or the ability to obscure fine lines and wrinkles is believed to be a function of the diffuse transmission parameter ("Quantification of the Soft Focus Effect", Cosmetics & Toiletries; Vol.111, 1996, month 7, p.57) (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). References "A Natural-loking Makeup", cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol.112, 1997, p.39 and "Measuring software Properties of Cosmetic Fill er Parcules", HAPP I, month 8 2003, are also incorporated by reference. An goniospectrophotometer, for example from Murakami Co l research laboratory Tory, model L GSP-1B, can be used to measure color as a function of angle in both refractive and transmissive modes. The diffuse top layer may be colorless or may be slightly colored.

The diffusive top layer is characterized as having a percent diffuse transmission value of 20 or greater, preferably 30 or greater, more preferably 40 or greater, for a film of about 10 microns on a glass plate. In one embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 55 or greater for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 60 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 65 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 64 for a film of about 10 microns. The diffusing top layer is characterized as having a percent reflectivity of 60 or less, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 40 or less, for a film of about 10 microns on a glass plate. In one embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent reflectivity of about 20 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent transmission of about 15 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent transmission of about 10 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the diffusive top layer has a percent transmission of about 12 for a film of about 10 microns.

The colored base layer is characterized by having a low percent diffuse transmission value of 50 or less, preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 30 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 25 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In another embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 20 or less for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent diffuse transmission value of about 25 for a film of about 10 microns. The colored underlayer is characterized as having a percent reflectivity of 10 or greater, more preferably 20 or greater, for a film of about 10 microns on the glass sheet. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent reflectance of about 15 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent reflectance of about 20 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent reflectance of about 25 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent reflectance of about 30 or more for a film of about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a percent reflectance of about 25 for a film of about 10 microns.

In the cosmetic system of the present invention having a colored bottom layer and a diffusing top layer, a top layer having a high percentage of diffuse transmittance and a bottom layer having a high percentage of reflectance is desired. The cosmetic system of the present invention is characterized by a percent diffuse transmission value of about 10 or greater, more preferably about 20 or greater, and even more preferably about 30 or greater, for a diffuse top layer of about 10 micron film applied to a colored bottom layer of about 10 micron film. The cosmetic system of the present invention is characterized by a percent reflectance of about 10 or greater for a diffuse top layer of about 10 microns film applied to a colored bottom layer of about 10 microns film. In one embodiment, the cosmetic system of the present invention has a percent diffuse transmission of about 15 and a percent reflectance value of about 75 for a diffuse top layer of about 10 microns film applied over a colored bottom layer of about 10 microns film. In one embodiment, the cosmetic system of the present invention has a percent diffuse transmission of about 25 and a percent reflectance value of about 25 for a diffuse top layer of about 10 microns film applied over a colored bottom layer of about 10 microns film.

The diffuse top layer and the colored bottom layer will each have a refractive index. Preferably, the refractive index of the diffusing top layer is lower than the refractive index of the colored bottom layer to obtain optimal light diffusion. Refractometers can be used to measure the refractive index of various materials. Details on the refraction principle can be found in Optics (fourth edition), 2002 of eugenehcht. Details regarding the refractive index of materials can be found in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86 th edition, 2005-2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The colored base layer can have a refractive index of about 1.38 to about 3.52; more preferably from about 1.40 to about 3.50; more preferably from about 1.42 to about 3.40. In one embodiment, the colored base layer has a refractive index of about 1.42 to about 1.60. Pigments of this refractive index range include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase), zinc oxide, or iron oxide. In one embodiment of the invention, the pigment material in the bottom layer is titanium dioxide (anatase) having a refractive index of about 2.50.

The refractive index of the diffusing top layer may be from about 1.30 to about 2.20; more preferably from about 1.40 to about 2.00. In one embodiment of the invention, the diffusive top layer has a refractive index of about 1.50. In another embodiment, the diffusive top layer incorporates nylon having a refractive index of about 1.53. In another embodiment, the diffusing top layer incorporates light diffusing particles made of silica beads having a refractive index of about 1.46.

Suitable inorganic pigments include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide and cerium oxide, as well as zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide and ferric blue. Suitable organic pigments include, but are not limited to, barium, strontium, calcium and aluminum lakes, and carbon black. Any pigment material that produces the desired effect of the composition of the present invention may be used, non-limiting examples of which include metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide and aluminum oxide. For typical pigments used in the Cosmetic industry, reference is made to the Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (ICID) and Handbook, 10 th edition (2004), Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) publication.

Suitable light diffusers for use in the diffusing top layer include, but are not limited to, nylon, polyurethane, silica beads, tospearl (momentive), silicone cross-linked polymers such as velves (momentive), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polyethylene (PE), Polystyrene (PS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), for example,) Polymethylsiloxane, cellulose beads, boron nitride, mica, polyurethane powder, sericite, silica, fumed alumina, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, silicone powder, and combinations thereof. Preferred light diffusers for use in the diffusing top layer include nylon, polyurethane, silica beads, tospearl (momentive), silicone elastomers such as velvesil (momentive), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polyethylene (PE), Polystyrene (PS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, for example,) Polymethylsiloxane, cellulose beads, boron nitride, mica, polyurethane powder, sericite, silica, fumed alumina, silicone powder, and combinations thereof. The light diffusing agent is preferably selected from the group consisting ofFrom about 0.01% to about 50% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Suitable film formers for use in the diffusing top layer include, but are not limited to, thiopolyester resins, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, acrylic resins, silicone acrylate polymers (such as those available from Shin Etsu), polyvinylpyrrolidones, high molecular weight silicones, organosiloxanes, polyurethanes, hydrophobic acrylate copolymers, and others known in the art (e.g., those listed in WO03/105790, incorporated herein by reference). The film-forming agent is preferably present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Suitable cosmetically acceptable carriers for use in the diffusive top layer include, but are not limited to, emulsions, gels, creams, lotions, and others known in the art as described below. The top layer may be anhydrous (hydrocarbon or silicone based) or may be an emulsion.

In one embodiment of the invention, the colored base layer is applied directly to the biological surface. After the colored base layer is applied to the biological surface, a diffusive top layer is applied to the colored base layer. Preferably, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer are compatible with each other.

The bottom layer and the top layer are each capable of altering the diffusive behavior of visible light, thereby providing a soft focus or blurring effect useful in cosmetic compositions that masks wrinkles, fine lines, or blemishes on a biological surface. The difference between the refractive indices of the bottom layer and the top layer may be about 0.01 to about 1.50. In one embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the refractive indices of the bottom layer and the top layer is less than about 1.0. In one embodiment, the difference between the refractive indices of the bottom layer and the top layer is about 0.2. In one embodiment, the base layer is colored to match skin tone and hide blemishes. The top layer may be colorless or may be slightly colored to obscure fine lines and wrinkles. Preferably, a colored base coat is provided to match skin tone and hide imperfections, and a colorless top coat is provided to obscure fine lines and wrinkles.

The bottom layer can be regarded as havingA layer of about 1.0 to about 20 microns thick is applied to the skin. Preferably, the bottom layer is a layer about 10 microns thick. The top layer can be applied to the bottom layer as a layer having a thickness of about 1.0 to about 20 microns. Preferably, the top layer is a layer about 10 microns thick. Preferably, the top and bottom layers together have a total thickness of less than about 20 microns, and more preferably from 2.0 to 20 microns thick. In one embodiment, at about 2.0mg/cm²The amount of the top layer. In one embodiment, at about 2.0mg/cm²The amount of the base layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a cosmetic system is provided comprising a first cosmetic composition and a second cosmetic composition. Preferably, the cosmetic system is provided as a kit containing two compositions. In one embodiment, a method is provided for improving the aesthetic or natural appearance of a biological surface by sequentially applying to the biological surface an amount effective to improve the aesthetic or natural appearance of the biological surface of two cosmetic compositions.

In one embodiment, a method is provided for applying a colored bottom layer to a biological surface followed by sequentially applying a diffusive top layer to the colored bottom layer. Preferably, the diffusive top layer is applied to the colored bottom layer within about 10 minutes after the colored bottom layer is applied to the biological surface; more preferably, the diffusive top layer is applied to the colored bottom layer within about 7 minutes after the colored bottom layer is applied to the biological surface; most preferably, the diffusive top layer is applied over the colored bottom layer within about 5 minutes after the colored bottom layer is applied to the biological surface.

In alternative embodiments, three or more compositions are provided. In one such embodiment, a system of three cosmetic compositions is provided. In a system having three cosmetic compositions, a first composition is provided that contains a pigment, a second composition is provided that contains a diffusing agent, and a third composition is provided. In embodiments containing three or more compositions, a third composition may be provided to impart a cosmetic benefit. Benefit agents for use in the third composition include, but are not limited to, absorbents, anti-acne actives, hydrophilic or hydrophobic modulators, skin soothing agents (soters), sunscreen actives, vitamins, or combinations thereof.

The third composition is provided for application to one or more surfaces, for example, to a substrate, such as skin, or to a layer of the second composition, or to a layer of the first composition. Preferably, the third composition is applied as a layer to the biological surface, followed by a layer of the first composition containing the pigment, followed by a layer of the second composition containing the diffusing agent. In one embodiment, the third composition containing the absorbent is applied as a layer to the skin, followed by the first composition containing the pigment, followed by the second composition containing the diffusing agent.

In an alternative embodiment, a third composition is provided for application as a top-most layer to a colored bottom layer and a middle layer containing a diffusing agent. In particular, a first composition containing a pigment is applied as a layer on a biological surface, followed by a second composition containing a diffusing agent, followed by a layer of a third composition. In such embodiments, a third composition may be provided that contains a benefit agent (e.g., an opacifier or sealant).

Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion using a one-step colored foundation on the skin surface. Light (indicated by arrows) concentrated on the colored foundation and the skin interacts with the colored foundation. Light is shown diffusing into the colored foundation layer and reflecting out of the colored foundation and skin.

Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion on the skin surface using a two-step foundation. Two layers are shown, a bottom layer on the skin and a top layer on the bottom layer. In fig. 2 a diffuse bottom layer and a coloured top layer are shown. Light (indicated by arrows) concentrated on the top layer, the bottom layer and the skin interact with the coloured top layer and the diffuse bottom layer. Light is shown diffusing into the colored foundation layer and reflecting out of the colored top layer, the diffusing bottom layer and the skin.

Fig. 3 shows a graphical representation of light diffusion on the surface of the skin using the two-step foundation of the present invention. Two layers are shown in figure 3, a bottom layer on the skin, and a top layer on the bottom layer. The colored bottom layer and the diffuse top layer are shown in fig. 3. Light (indicated by arrows) concentrated on the top layer, the bottom layer and the skin interact with the diffuse top layer and the coloured bottom layer. Light is shown diffusing into the diffuse top layer and diffusing. Light is reflected from the colored bottom layer, the diffuse top layer and the skin. The light content reflected from the two-step foundation system of fig. 3 is lower than that reflected from the two-step foundation system of fig. 2, which is the reverse.

FIG. 4 shows the percent diffuse transmittance (. tangle-solidup.) as a function of pigment thickness for a system of the present invention comprising a colored base coat and a diffuse top coat compared to a cosmetic system (■) comprising a diffuse base coat and a colored top coat. For each measured thickness, the system of the present invention containing a colored base coat and a diffuse top coat exhibited a higher diffuse transmission than the system containing a diffuse base coat and a colored top coat. For both systems (colored base and top diffusing layers of the present invention (. tangle-solidup.) with a bottom diffusing layer and a colored top layer (■)), the top diffusing or bottom diffusing layer had a thickness of about 10 microns.

FIG. 5 shows the percent reflectance (Δ) of a system of the present invention comprising a colored base coat and a diffuse top coat as a function of pigment thickness compared to a cosmetic system (□) comprising a diffuse base coat and a colored top coat. For each measured thickness, the system of the present invention containing a colored bottom layer and a diffuse top layer exhibited a lower reflectance value than the system containing a diffuse bottom layer and a colored top layer. For both systems (inventive colored bottom and top diffusing layers (. DELTA.) and bottom diffusing and colored top diffusing layers (□)), the top diffusing layer or bottom diffusing layer had a thickness of about 10 microns.

Figures 4 and 5 present data illustrating the characteristics described in figures 2 and 3. In particular, the cosmetic system of the present invention of FIG. 3 (colored base layer and diffuse top layer) graphically represents a higher diffuse transmission (more hazy) than the system of FIG. 2 (diffuse base layer and colored top layer), as shown by the data in FIG. 4. Similarly, the cosmetic compositions of the present invention of FIG. 3 (colored base layer and diffuse top layer) are graphically represented as having a lower reflectance than the system of FIG. 2 (diffuse base layer and colored top layer), as shown by the data in FIG. 5.

Fig. 2 (diffuse bottom layer and colored top layer) and fig. 5 show that most of the light concentrated on the skin surface is reflected off the colored top layer and does not even reach the diffuse bottom layer. For this reason, the benefits of a diffusive underlayer are not realized. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 3, the use of a diffuse top layer and a colored bottom layer in the cosmetic system of the present invention can be used to diffuse light to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles while maintaining skin tone.

The cosmetic system of the present invention controls the light diffusion properties through a diffuse top layer and a colored bottom layer on the skin. The diffusing top layer has a lower index of refraction than the colored bottom layer. Light, such as sunlight, enters the diffuse top layer first and then the colored bottom layer. The difference in refractive index between the top and bottom layers will control the total light reflection and diffusion at the interface between the top and bottom layers. For total internal reflection, the design and selection of the diffusing top layer and the colored bottom layer can increase the angle of incidence to greater than the critical angle, thus enhancing light diffusion along the interface. By using a coloured bottom layer with a high refractive index, a high hiding power can be obtained and a blurring effect due to the top layer. The high refractive index bottom layer and the low refractive index top layer impart a blurring effect to the cosmetic system by enhancing the diffuse transmittance and thus improve the appearance of the biological surface to which the composition is applied. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the Effect of blurring and the ability of Soft Focus to act or mask fine lines and wrinkles are a function of the diffuse transmission parameter ("Quantification of the Soft Focus Effect", Cosmetics & Toiletries, 111: 57, 1996). Thus, a composition system that produces high diffuse transmission would be advantageous for producing haziness, improving the natural appearance of biological surfaces to which the cosmetic is applied and overcoming the drawbacks of conventional one-step cosmetics that are opaque, unnatural and chalky and two-step cosmetics that involve a diffuse bottom layer and a colored top layer.

Advantages of the cosmetic system of the present invention include, but are not limited to, presenting a flawless appearance on the skin by eliminating tissue and color imperfections. Another advantage of the two-step cosmetic composition system is the optimization of the benefits (e.g., blur and hiding) of each composition to enhance the overall performance of the system. Another advantage of the two-step cosmetic composition system is the ability to tailor the composition to provide films and coatings that can provide Ultraviolet (UV) protection. Another advantage of the two-step cosmetic composition system is the ability to tailor the base layer so that it can absorb, for example, oil, sebum, and moisture. These properties provide additional benefits in cosmetic and skin formulations or compositions and improve the aesthetic and natural appearance of biological surfaces (e.g., skin).

Further embodiments of the present invention provide a two-step cosmetic composition system having optical properties that enhance the aesthetic and natural appearance of biological surfaces, resulting in optical blurring and diffuse light projection, light diffusion and reflection, thereby reducing the appearance of dermatological signs of aging, photoaging, hormonal aging and/or photochemical aging; reducing the visibility of fine lines and wrinkles on the face, cheeks, facial wrinkles on the forehead, vertical wrinkles between the eyes, horizontal wrinkles on and around the eyes, and mouth lines, particularly deep wrinkles or creases; improving the appearance of infraorbital and/or periorbital lines; reduces the appearance of canthus wrinkles; improving the appearance of youthful and/or new skin, reducing the appearance of aged skin; reducing the appearance of skin fragility; reduces the appearance of mucopolysaccharide and/or collagen loss; reducing the appearance of estrogen imbalance; reduces the appearance of skin atrophy; reduced appearance of hyperpigmentation; the appearance of skin discoloration is reduced; improved appearance of skin tone, radiance, clarity and/or tautness; reducing the appearance of sagging skin; improving the appearance of skin firmness, plumpness, toughness and/or softness; improving the appearance of collagen and/or collagen production; improved skin texture and/or re-textured appearance; improving the appearance of skin barrier repair and/or function; improving the appearance of skin contours; improving the appearance of skin radiance and/or radiance reduction; an appearance of a dermatological signal that improves fatigue and/or stress; the appearance of ambient pressure is improved; improving the appearance of cell aging; improving the appearance of skin dehydration; improving the appearance of elastic and/or resilient skin; the appearance of the microcirculation is improved; the appearance of cellulite formation is reduced; or any combination thereof.

Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of enhancing the aesthetic or natural appearance of a biological surface comprising applying a colored base layer to the biological surface (including, but not limited to, keratinous tissue, skin, hair, and nails) followed by applying a diffusive top layer to the base layer, each in an amount effective to improve the aesthetic or natural appearance of the biological surface.

The biological surface may be any surface to which cosmetic, personal care, dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions are commonly applied, including, but not limited to, skin, lips, hair, and nails. The system of the present invention applied to a biological surface improves or enhances the aesthetic appearance of skin by masking the natural aging process, discoloration, chronic and cumulative damage and blemishes on the surface of the biological surface.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the following findings: the system of cosmetic compositions masks fine lines, wrinkles, pores, sagging or other conditions caused by aging. Thus, by relying on the optical properties of each composition and the interactions between each composition, it is possible to mask the signs of aging, the dermatological decline of biological surfaces and the blemishes of biological surfaces, thereby improving the aesthetic and natural appearance of the skin.

One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of systemically applying a cosmetic composition to an affected area of skin. The system is preferably topically applied at least once daily, preferably twice daily, and remains on the affected parts of the skin including, but not limited to, the face, neck, legs and thighs, scalp, and entire body.

When topically applied, the system of cosmetic compositions is useful in improving the natural and aesthetic appearance of biological surfaces, including skin, lips, hair, and nails. The compositions of the present invention may also include, by way of non-limiting example, active ingredients useful for reducing, eliminating or masking medical and/or cosmetic conditions associated with aging, inflammation and deterioration of biological surfaces. As used herein, these conditions generally include, but are not limited to, dermatological aging (chronoaging, hormonal aging, and/or photochemical aging), dermatitis, skin and hair fragility, hirsutism, rosacea, skin blemishes, sensitive skin, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, thin skin, roughness, keratosis, skin atrophy, wrinkles, fine lines, hyperplasia, fibrosis, and any combination thereof. The active ingredients of the present invention may also be used to improve the general health, vitality, condition and aesthetic appearance of skin.

The cosmetic composition system according to the present invention may be used in formulations for topical application, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, sunscreens, cosmetics, including color cosmetics, and formulations for reducing dermatological signs of aging (including, wrinkles, fine lines, sagging skin, and the like). Also in accordance with the present invention, other ingredients in the composition may be formulated in various product forms. The compositions may be prepared in targeted delivery systems, e.g., creams, lotions, moisturizers, gels, astringents, serums, sprays, foams, powders, and the like, particularly for topical application and application.

The present invention further provides a cosmetic composition system, preferably for topical application or for targeted delivery, without inducing significant inflammation. The composition system of the invention is suitable for all skin types, such as sensitive, normal, dry or oily, preferably sensitive to dry skin, as well as mature skin. In particular embodiments, the compositions are suitable for dry skin. The composition system is applied to the skin for a period of time sufficient to improve the natural and aesthetic appearance of the skin. The system of compositions may be topically applied to biological surfaces including, but not limited to, skin, lips, and hair once, twice, or more times daily.

The topical composition may be formulated into liposomes, which may contain other additives or substances, and/or which may be modified to more specifically reach or remain at a site after administration. The compositions of the present embodiments produce an improvement in the aesthetic appearance of skin by masking or ameliorating at least one of the previously described conditions, or combinations thereof.

As known to those skilled in the art, cosmetic treatments comprising cosmetic composition systems may be performed, for example, by topically applying a cosmetic composition system as described herein, according to conventional techniques for applying such systems. The topical system of cosmetic or dermatological or pharmaceutical composition is preferably applied once daily for a period of at least one week, but may include periods of about 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks or longer. The cosmetic composition system is preferably applied to the face and neck, but may also be applied to any skin site where aesthetic improvements are desired, wherein the cosmetic composition remains on the affected skin site and preferably is not removed or rinsed off from the skin. Conventional and commonly practiced techniques include applying creams, lotions, gels, serums, ointments, color cosmetics, sunscreen compositions, and the like, to the skin. Preferably, the cosmetic composition system is a topical leave-on formulation, wherein a spray is also envisaged as application form.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a system of cosmetically, dermatologically or pharmaceutically acceptable compositions suitable for use in contact with living mammalian tissue, including human tissue, or synthetic equivalents thereof, without substantial adverse physiological effects on the user. The compositions encompassed by the present invention may be provided in any cosmetically and/or dermatologically suitable form, preferably as an emulsion or cream, but may also be anhydrous or aqueous bases, as well as in sprayable liquid forms. Other suitable cosmetic forms for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, for example, emulsions, creams, balms, lip colors, lotions, foams, masks, essences, toners, ointments, mousses, patches, pomades, solutions, sprays, wax-based sticks, or wet wipes. In addition, the compositions contemplated by the present invention may include one or more compatible cosmetically acceptable adjuvants commonly and known to those skilled in the art, such as fragrances, emollients, humectants, preservatives, vitamins, chelating agents, thickeners, perilla oil or perilla seed oil (WO 01/66067, "Method of treating a Skin Condition," incorporated herein), and the like, as well as other botanical materials, such as aloe, citrus, and the like, and as further described below.

The cosmetic compositions of the present invention may be included in a cosmetically, dermatologically, physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle, diluent or vehicle for reducing, ameliorating or preventing dermatological signs associated with aging and inflammation of biological surfaces. In embodiments including topical application, the compositions of the present invention include a vehicle (vehicle, diluent or carrier) that is compatible with mammalian biological surfaces, including skin, lips, hair and nails. The compositions may be formulated as aqueous phases, oil phases, alcoholic, or water/alcohol-based solutions, creams, emulsions, gels, wax-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, or water-oil-water triple emulsions having the appearance of a cream or gel, microemulsions, or aerosols.

The aqueous phase is a mixture of one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible ingredients, which may be liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature (25 ℃). The carrier includes or may be in the form of a suspension, dispersion or solution in water, or an aqueous-alcoholic carrier, which may contain a thickening or gelling agent. Based on the knowledge available to those skilled in the art, those skilled in the art can select suitable cosmetic forms, ingredients contained therein, and methods of making the same.

In one embodiment, one or both of the compositions may comprise an aqueous phase, which may contain water or a mixture of water and at least one hydrophilic organic solvent, in particular an alcohol, especially a linear or branched lower monohydric alcohol containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example ethanol or propanol; polyols, for example, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, diglycerol, panthenol or polyethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof. Such an aqueous phase may represent from about 0.5 wt% to about 99.99 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

In another embodiment, when one or more of the compositions in the system of the present invention is in the form of an emulsion, the one or more compositions may also optionally contain a surfactant, preferably in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, and particularly, from about 1% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

In a further embodiment of the invention, one or more of the compositions may also comprise a thickening polymer, such as an amphoteric polyurethane, a polyacrylic acid homopolymer or copolymer, a polyester or a hydrocarbon-based resin. Other non-limiting polymers include homopolymers or copolymers of: vinyl esters of aliphatic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate; acrylic and methacrylic esters of alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate; and mono-and di-ethylenated (ethylenically) unsaturated hydrocarbons including ethylene iso-butene, styrene and aliphatic dienes including butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.

One embodiment of the present invention further relates to one or more compositions of the present invention which may further comprise an oil phase comprising oil soluble or oil dispersible ingredients that are liquid at room temperature (25 ℃) and/or oily or waxy materials that are solid at room temperature, such as waxes, semisolids, gums and mixtures thereof. The oil phase may also contain an organic solvent.

Suitable oily materials which are liquid at room temperature, commonly referred to as oils, include hydrocarbon-based oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; hydrocarbyl-vegetable oils, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g., heptanoic acid or octanoic acid triglycerides, or oils such as sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, grapeseed oil, castor oil, avocado oil, octanoic/decanoic acid triglycerides, jojoba oil; linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as liquid paraffin and its derivatives, vaseline; synthetic esters and ethers, in particular esters of fatty alcohols, i.e. for example isopropyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldodecanol stearate, isostearyl stearate; hydroxylated esters, such as isostearyl lactate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecanol hydroxystearate, heptanoate, octanoate and decanoate of fatty alcohols; polyhydric alcohol esters such as propylene glycol dicaprylate, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate, diethylene glycol diisononanoate and pentaerythritol esters; fatty alcohols having 12 to 26 carbon atoms, such as octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol; partially hydrocarbon-based fluorine oil and/or fluorosilicone oil; silicone oils, such as volatile or non-volatile, linear or cyclic Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), are liquid or semisolid at room temperature, such as cyclomethicones and polydimethylsiloxanes, optionally containing phenyl groups, e.g., phenyl trimethicones, siloxanes, and mixtures thereof. These oils are generally present in an amount of from about 0% to about 90%, preferably from about 1.0% to about 80% by weight of the oil phase.

The oil phase of one or more compositions of the present invention may also include one or more cosmetically acceptable organic solvents. These solvents are present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 80%, preferably from about 1.0% to about 50%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition, and may be selected from lipophilic organic solvents, amphoteric organic solvents, and mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate or ethyl 2-methoxyacetate; isopropyl acetate; hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylene, p-xylene, hexane or heptane; ethers containing at least 3 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

One or more of the compositions of the present invention may further comprise any ingredient commonly used in the cosmetic field. These ingredients include preservatives, aqueous phase thickeners (polysaccharide biopolymers, synthetic polymers) and fatty phase thickeners, perfumes, hydrophilic and lipophilic active agents and mixtures thereof. The amounts of these various ingredients are those typically used in the cosmetic art to achieve their intended purpose and typically range from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The nature of these ingredients and their content must be compatible with the production of the compositions of the invention.

One or more of the compositions of the present invention may also contain other particulate phases, typically present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, and which may contain pearlescent agents and/or fillers used in cosmetic compositions. Suitable pearlescent agents include mica coated with titanium dioxide or iron oxide. Fillers are generally present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably about 0.5% to about 15% by weight. Suitable fillers include talc, silica, zinc stearate, mica, kaolin, nylon (especially orgasol) powder, polyethylene powder,starch, boron nitride, copolymer microspheres such as(Nobel Industrie; Sweden),(Dow Corning, Inc.; Midland, MI), and Silicone resin Microbeads (GE Toshiba Silicones; japan).

The oil phase of the compositions of the present invention may contain one or more waxes, gums or mixtures thereof. The waxes include hydrocarbon-based waxes, fluoro waxes and/or silicone waxes and may be of vegetable, mineral, animal and/or synthetic origin. In particular, the wax has a melting point higher than 25 ℃, preferably higher than 45 ℃. The compositions of the present invention may contain from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of wax, based on the total weight of the composition.

Gums are typically polymeric bis-Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), cellulosic gums or polysaccharides, and semisolid materials are typically hydrocarbon based compounds such as, but not limited to, lanolin and its derivatives, or PDMS. The compositions of the present invention may contain from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of gum, based on the total weight of the composition, typically from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.

More particularly, the composition for topical application may be in the form of a protective care composition for the skin, preferably for the face, neck, hands, feet or other parts of the body. Non-limiting examples include day creams or lotions, night creams or lotions, moisturizers, salves, sun creams, lotions, or oils, ointments, gels, body lotions, color cosmetics (foundations, bronzers), artificial tanning compositions, depilatories, patches, emulsifiers, or solids injected or cast into sticks or disks. The cosmetic composition system is ideal for use in a two-step foundation product because it can achieve a high masking and blurring effect to create a perception of natural appearance.

In another embodiment, the topical composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more of the following: skin penetration enhancers, absorbents, sunscreens, emollients, skin plumpers (plumers), light diffusers, sunscreens, exfoliation promoters and antioxidants. Details regarding these and other suitable Cosmetic ingredients may be found in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (ICID) and Handbook, 10 th edition (2004), published by cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA), at pp.2177-2299, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Emollients provide the functional benefits of improving skin smoothness, reducing the appearance of fine and coarse lines, and moisturizing. Non-limiting examples include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl lanolate, silicones (e.g., methylsiloxane, dimethylsiloxane), oils, mineral oils, fatty acid esters, or any mixture thereof. The emollient is preferably present in about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of the total weight of the substrate.

Skin moisturizer is used as collagen enhancer for skin. An example of a suitable and preferred skin plumper is palmitoyl oligopeptide. Other skin plumping agents are collagen and/or mucopolysaccharide (GAG) enhancers. The skin plumper is preferably present from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the total weight of the base layer.

Sunscreens protect the skin from ultraviolet light. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, the sunscreen will provide both UVA and UVB protection through the use of a single sunscreen or a combination of sunscreens. Sunscreens which may be used in the compositions of the present invention are avobenzone, cinnamic acid derivatives (such as octyl methoxycinnamate), octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, non-mesoporous titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or any mixtures thereof. The sunscreen agent may be present from about 1% to about 30% by weight of the total weight of the composition. The addition of a sunscreen may protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation. The compositions of the present invention containing sunscreen agents provide additional improvements in the aesthetic appearance of skin, including at least one of the following: minimize sunburn, minimize tanning, and reduce reddening.

In embodiments of the invention, one or more of the compositions may also contain one or more exfoliation promoters. Suitable examples of exfoliation promoters that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs); diphenyl peroxide; a beta hydroxy acid; keto acids such as pyruvic acid, 2-oxopropionic acid, 2-oxobutyric acid and 2-oxopentanoic acid; oxo acids, as disclosed in US patents 5,847,003 and 5,834,513 (the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference); salicylic acid; urea; or any mixture thereof. Preferred exfoliation promoters include 3, 6, 9-trioxaundecanedioic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, or any mixture thereof (see also, ICID, p.2205).

When embodiments of the present invention include an exfoliation promoter, the composition contains from about 0.1% to 30% by weight, preferably from about 1.0% to about 15% by weight, and more preferably from about 1.0% to about 10% by weight of the exfoliation promoter, based on the total weight of the composition.

Among other things, antioxidants are used to scavenge free radicals from the skin to protect the skin from the environment. Examples of antioxidants that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include compounds having phenolic hydroxyl functional groups, such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives/esters; beta-carotene; a catechin; curcumin; ferulic acid derivatives (e.g., ethyl ferulate, sodium ferulate); gallic acid derivatives (e.g., propyl gallate); lycopene; reducing the acid; rosmarinic acid; tannic acid; tetrahydrocurcumin; tocopherol and derivatives thereof; uric acid; or any combination thereof. Other suitable antioxidants are those having one or more thiol functional groups (-SH), in reduced or non-reduced form, such as glutathione, lipoic acid, thioglycolic acid and other sulfhydryl compounds. The antioxidant may be inorganic, such as bisulfite, metabisulfite, sulfite, or other inorganic sulfur-containing salts and acids. The compositions of the present invention may preferably contain from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of antioxidant, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (see also, ICID, p.2184), based on the total weight of the composition.

In one embodiment of the invention, one or more of the compositions may also contain one or more of the following cosmetically and pharmaceutically active agents, excipients, ingredients or adjuvants: anesthetics, antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin and tetracycline), salicylic acid, antiallergics, antifungals, antiseptics, anti-irritants, anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobials, analgesics, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, insecticides, tanning agents, skin permeation enhancers, skin coolants, chelating agents, colorants (including untreated or chemically surface treated dyes, lakes, and pigments to improve wettability or some other property), demulcents, emollients, emulsifiers, fragrances, humectants, lubricants, skin insecticides, moisturizers, pH adjusters, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, thickeners, film formers, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, vitamins, or any mixture thereof. These various substances are those commonly used in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical field to achieve the intended purpose and may, for example, constitute from about 0.01% to 20% of the total weight of the composition.

Non-limiting examples of active agents for formulating into one or more compositions of the present invention include, in addition to the active materials described, those agents that are effective in treating wrinkles and/or fine lines, such as keratolytic agents, i.e., agents that have exfoliating, exfoliating or exfoliating properties, or agents that can soften the stratum corneum of the skin. Other examples of anti-wrinkle or anti-fine line actives include hydroxy acids and retinoids. These agents may be formulated, for example, in a content ranging from about 0.01% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Suitable hydroxy acids include, for example, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, mandelic acid, salicylic acid and alkyl derivatives thereof, including 5-n-octanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-dodecanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-decanoylsalicylic acid, 5-n-octylsalicylic acid, 5-n-heptyloxysalicylic acid, 4-n-heptyloxysalicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid or alkoxy derivatives thereof, such as 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid.

Emulsifiers are generally present in one or more compositions of the present invention in an amount of from about 0.01% to 30% by weight, and preferably from about 0.1% to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. However, not all compositions necessarily include an emulsifier (see, e.g., ICID, p.2276-2285).

Non-limiting examples of suitable thickeners include xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gum arabic, Sepigel 305 (available from Seppic co., france), and clays such as magnesium aluminum silicate (see, e.g., ICID, p.2293-2299).

The topical compositions of the present invention may include one or more wetting agents, and their effectiveness may also be enhanced by one or more wetting agents, such as urea, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, amino acids, sodium hyaluronate, certain polyols and other compounds with hygroscopic properties (see ICID, p.2244).

The general activity and mildness of the topical compositions of the present invention to the skin may also be enhanced by neutralizing to a pH of about 3.5 to about 7.0, most preferably a pH of about 3.7 to about 5.6. Preferably, aluminum hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, arginine or other amino acids and/or triethanolamine are used to achieve this neutralization.

Exemplary retinoids include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid (e.g., all trans or 13-cis) and its derivatives, retinol (vitamin a) and its esters, such as retinol palmitate, retinol acetate and retinol propionate, and salts thereof.

One or more of the compositions of the present invention may be formulated with a cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable vehicle, medium, diluent or carrier. One or more of the compositions may be further formulated according to methods known in the art to provide a cosmetic composition as follows: emulsions, gels, creams, lotions, masks, toners, essences, oils, water-in-oil, oil-in-water, water-oil-water triple emulsions with cream or gel appearance, microemulsions, ointments, pastes, sticks, cakes, pencils, aerosols and fragrances, and other topical cosmetic carriers. It is also contemplated that the topical compositions of the present invention may be incorporated into delivery systems such as liposomes and topical patches, bandages and sprays.

Furthermore, the composition may be in the form of a dispersion of vesicles containing ionic and/or non-ionic lipids, as described above. Dosage units suitable for such compositions are formulated in accordance with conventional knowledge and techniques used in the art.

The following examples describe certain aspects of the invention to illustrate the invention and provide a description of the methods of the invention to one skilled in the art. The examples should not be construed as limiting the invention as they merely provide specific methods useful in the understanding and practice of the invention and its various aspects.

Examples

In this example, a system of cosmetic compositions was prepared and tested to measure diffuse transmittance and reflectance. The system includes two compositions, a colored bottom layer and a diffusive top layer. The colored base layer comprised titanium dioxide and was applied to a clean slide at three (3) thicknesses of 2 microns, 5 microns and 10 microns. A diffusing top layer is applied over the bottom layer. The diffusive top layer comprises nylon. The diffusing top layer was applied at a thickness of 10 microns.

At a base layer thickness of 2 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent diffuse transmission of about 30. At a base layer thickness of 5 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent diffuse transmission of about 15. At a base layer thickness of 10 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent diffuse transmission of about 9. These results are recorded in fig. 4.

Furthermore, at a base layer thickness of 2 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent reflectivity of about 40. At a base layer thickness of 5 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent reflectivity of about 69. At a base layer thickness of 10 microns, the colored base layer and the diffusing top layer exhibited a percent reflectivity of about 83. These results are recorded in fig. 5.

The contents of all patents, patent applications, publications, abstracts, books, reference manuals, and abstracts cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to more fully describe the state of the art to which the invention pertains. All concentrations stated in the description and the claims are recorded in weight percent unless otherwise stated.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (32)

1. A cosmetic case, comprising:

(a) a first composition comprising

(1) A pigment, and

(2) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(b) a second composition comprising

(1) A diffusing agent, which is a light-diffusing agent,

(2) a film-forming agent, and

(3) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

2. The compact of claim 1 wherein the diffusing agent comprises nylon and the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

3. The kit of claim 1, wherein the first composition has a refractive index of from about 1.38 to about 3.52, and wherein the second composition has a refractive index of from about 1.30 to about 2.20.

4. The kit of claim 1, wherein the first composition has a first refractive index and the second composition has a second refractive index, and wherein the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is from about 0.01 to about 1.50.

5. The kit of claim 1, wherein the first composition has a refractive index of from about 1.42 to about 1.60 and the second composition has a refractive index of from about 1.40 to about 2.00.

6. The kit of claim 1, wherein the pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, ferric blue, barium, strontium, calcium, aluminum lakes, and carbon black.

7. The kit of claim 6, wherein said diffusing agent is selected from the group consisting of silica, fumed silica, polyurethane, poly (methyl methacrylate), nylon, polyethylene, polyphenylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethylsiloxane, boron nitride, mica, fumed alumina, and cellulose plastic.

8. A kit according to claim 1, wherein said pigment comprises titanium dioxide and said diffusing agent comprises silica.

9. The kit of claim 1, wherein the pigment comprises iron oxide.

10. A method of using a first cosmetic composition comprising a pigment and a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a second cosmetic composition comprising a diffusing agent, a film-forming agent and a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, said method comprising applying a bottom layer of said first cosmetic composition to the skin and then applying a top layer of said second cosmetic composition to said bottom layer, wherein said first cosmetic composition and said second cosmetic composition are applied in an amount to improve the appearance of the skin.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide and the diffusing agent comprises nylon.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the bottom layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 20 microns and the top layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 20 microns.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein said second cosmetic composition has a percent reflectance of about 60 or less.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein said second cosmetic composition has a percent reflectance of about 40 or less, and wherein said pigment comprises titanium dioxide and said diffusing agent comprises nylon.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein said second cosmetic composition has a percent reflectance of about 20 or less.

16. A method of applying a cosmetic composition to a biological surface, the method comprising, first

(a) Applying a base layer of a first composition to a biological surface, the first composition comprising:

(1) a pigment, and

(2) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the carrier,

and subsequently,

(b) applying a top layer of a second composition to the bottom layer, the second composition comprising:

(1) a diffusing agent, which is a light-diffusing agent,

(2) a film-forming agent, and

(3) a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the diffusing agent comprises nylon and the pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first composition has a refractive index of about 1.42 to about 1.60 and the second composition has a refractive index of about 1.40 to about 2.00.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the bottom layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 20 microns and the top layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 20 microns.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second cosmetic composition has a percent reflectance of about 40 or less, and wherein the pigment comprises titanium dioxide and the diffusing agent comprises nylon.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the pigment comprises iron oxide.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the second composition has a percent reflectance of about 20 or less.

23. A cosmetic composition in a layered arrangement, the arrangement comprising a substrate, a first composition and a second composition, such that the first composition forms a bottom layer contacting the substrate and the second composition forms a top layer contacting the first composition, the first composition containing a pigment and the second composition containing a diffusing agent.

24. The layered cosmetic composition of claim 23 wherein the thickness of said top layer is about 10 microns or less.

25. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 24 wherein said top layer has a percent reflectance value of about 60 or less.

26. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 24 wherein said top layer has a percent reflectance value of about 20 or less.

27. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 23, wherein said pigment comprises titanium dioxide and said diffusing agent comprises nylon.

28. The layered cosmetic composition of claim 23 having a percent reflectance value of about 10 or greater.

29. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 23, having a percent reflectance value of about 20.

30. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 23, having a percent reflectance value of about 25.

31. The hierarchically arranged cosmetic composition of claim 23 having a percent reflectance value of about 75.

32. The layered cosmetic composition of claim 23 wherein the first composition comprises iron oxide.