HK1094014A - Crushing backet - Google Patents

Description

Crushing bucket

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a grinding bucket attached to a tip end of an arm of a construction machine and having a function of grinding a material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a grinding hopper in which the position of a rotor shaft can be changed eccentrically with respect to the hopper, and a rotor driving device that reduces vibration is attached to the rotor shaft to accelerate grinding of a raw material, thereby further improving maintenance.

Background

In the case of dismantling roads, buildings, and the like, various industrial wastes such as asphalt crumbs and concrete waste are discharged, which has become a social problem. Conventionally, disposal by landfill has been common, and reuse has been common from the viewpoint of environmental protection. In particular, waste materials such as concrete are large in amount and most of them are reusable, and therefore, it is strongly desired to reuse them.

The bucket of civil engineering machines which directly treat these wastes is very powerful. Not only are there increasing civil engineering machines that simply collect raw materials such as wastes and transport them to other places for replacement, but also those that pulverize the raw materials during charging into a hopper. In addition, a hopper having a pulverizing function is necessary for producing a product using a processed or pulverized shell or the like as a raw material. As an example of a simple method of bucket crushing, there have been proposed methods of installing various existing crushing apparatuses in a bucket.

As an example of such a configuration, it is known that a pair of pulverizing disks for nipping and pulverizing a scooped waste material such as a concrete block are provided in a bucket so as to be able to contact with and separate from each other, and the waste material is scooped, pulverized and discharged as it is (for example, patent document 1). It is also known to provide a reciprocating motion of an operating body for providing crushing teeth in a bucket and crush concrete waste between fixed crushing teeth provided in the bucket (for example, patent document 2). Further, a pair of rotating shafts are provided in the scooping device in the bucket, a large, medium, and small crushing toothed plate is attached to each rotating shaft, and the rotating shafts are rotated to crush the concrete block to a small size in the toothed plate (for example, patent document 3).

In addition, in the bucket with a cover, a drum crusher including a drum cutter including a fixed cutter and a rotary cutter is attached to a tip end of an arm, and scraps are sheared and crushed between the fixed cutter and the rotary cutter (for example, patent document 4). In the drum-type crusher, a pressing plate for pressing waste in a fixed cone of the crusher to one side of a drum-type shearing machine is arranged, so that the waste can be limited from splashing when being crushed, and crushing/shearing operation and screening operation can be simultaneously used. In all of these conventional techniques, the grinding is performed by a normally rotating grinding machine or the like which is externally mounted with a direct drive device.

[ patent document 1 ] Japanese patent application laid-open No. H10-121748

[ patent document 2 ] Japanese patent application laid-open No. 9-316912

[ patent document 3 ] Japanese patent application laid-open No. 10-30247

[ patent document 4 ] Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2001-113198

Disclosure of Invention

However, in the technique described in the above patent document, since the drive motor for pulverizing the raw material such as the pulverized material is separately installed, a large drive torque or the like is required. However, since the driving body such as the driving motor must be attachable to the hopper, it is difficult to use a large driving body having a large driving torque or the like due to the structural constraint of the crushing hopper.

Further, in a grinding apparatus using a driving body such as a driving motor adapted to the size of the grinding bucket, there is also a problem that the capability of grinding the ground material is low. Further, there is a problem that vibration and noise become large when the rotor is directly driven by the motor. Generally, the mounting position of the rotor shaft is fixedly restricted, and the raw material is guided to the rotor shaft in order to improve the pulverization efficiency. Therefore, the rotor shaft needs to be arranged at a position where the raw material is optimally supplied.

Further, since the pulverizing function of the pulverizing hopper itself is strongly desired to be further improved, it is desired to develop a pulverizing hopper in which a pulverizing device suitable for efficiently pulverizing a raw material such as a pulverized material can be incorporated. In addition, in a grinding hopper having a grinding function, there are cases where a ground material is scattered outside the grinding hopper during a grinding operation, and powdered ground powder is scattered outside the grinding hopper, thereby deteriorating the surrounding working environment. In addition, it is also highly desirable to develop a grinding hopper that is easy to repair and maintain on site.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has an object to achieve the following object. The invention aims to provide a crushing bucket which can drive a rotor through a rotary transmission part, such as a V-shaped conveyor belt, so as to reduce vibration and stably crush raw materials input from an opening part of the crushing bucket. Since the drive is performed through the rotation transmitting member, there is an advantage that a large torque can be obtained even with a small motor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding hopper in which a rotor shaft is eccentrically mounted to a grinding hopper mounting opening, grinding is efficiently performed by a hammer, and a ground material having a predetermined particle size is smoothly discharged to the outside of the grinding hopper through a discharge opening. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding bucket which can be easily repaired and maintained by detaching a rotor shaft from a bucket body while holding a hammer.

The crushing bucket of the first aspect of the present invention is constituted by: a bucket body which is swingably provided at a tip end of an arm of a civil engineering machine and has an opening portion into which a raw material is charged; a rotor rotatably provided in the bucket body; hammers for impact-pulverizing the raw material are provided on the outer periphery of the rotor; a rotor driving device which is provided on a side wall of the bucket body to rotate the rotor and is driven by a rotation transmission member; and a housing fitted into the mounting hole of the side wall of the bucket body and supporting the rotor and a part of the rotor driving device eccentrically with respect to the mounting hole.

A second aspect of the present invention is the grinding bucket with a lid according to the first aspect, wherein the rotation transmission member of the rotor driving device is a member driven by a conveyor belt connected to a motor.

A third aspect of the present invention provides the covered grinding bucket according to the first aspect, wherein the attachment hole is a hole larger than a rotation outer periphery of the hammer.

A grinding bucket with a lid according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the grinding bucket according to the first aspect, wherein a discharge port is provided in a bottom portion of the bucket body, and a grate comprising a metal mesh and a perforated steel plate is detachably disposed at the discharge port.

A grinding bucket with a lid according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the grinding bucket according to the first aspect, wherein a lid for preventing the ground material from splashing is provided at the opening.

A grinding bucket with a lid according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the grinding bucket according to the second aspect, wherein the rotor driving devices are disposed on both side surfaces of the bucket and drive both ends of the rotor shaft in the same rotation direction at the same time.

The crushing bucket of the present invention is configured such that the rotor shaft of the crushing bucket is driven by the conveyor belt, and thus becomes a crushing bucket that reduces vibration and noise. The rotor driving device is disposed on both side surfaces of the grinding hopper, and drives both ends of the rotor shaft simultaneously in the same rotation direction, whereby the rotor can be rotated with high torque and the load applied to the rotor can be balanced well.

Since the rotor shaft is eccentrically mounted to the mounting hole of the bucket body, the hammer provided on the rotor shaft can apply an effective impact force to the raw material at an appropriate position, and the grinding bucket can improve the grinding efficiency.

In addition, the rotor shaft is configured to be able to remove the hammer from the grinding bucket in the mounted state, and therefore the grinding bucket is easy to safely maintain. Further, since the grate through which only the pulverized material of a predetermined particle size passes is detachably attached to the discharge port, the pulverized material hopper capable of discharging the pulverized material of a stable particle size is provided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a side view of a grinding hopper.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the crushing bucket.

Fig. 3 is an X-X sectional view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an explanatory view showing a case where the hammer is close to the opening portion side at the eccentric position of the rotor shaft.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory view showing a case where the hammer approaches the side wall on the arm side at the eccentric position of the rotor shaft.

Fig. 6 is an explanatory view showing a state where the rotor shaft is pulled out of the grinding hopper in a state where the hammer is attached.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a side view of the crushing bucket of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a front view of the crushing bucket. Fig. 3 is an X-X sectional view of fig. 2, showing a side sectional view. Fig. 4 and 5 are sectional views showing a state where the rotor shaft is eccentrically mounted. Fig. 6 is an explanatory view showing a state where the rotor shaft is pulled in the center axis direction and extended out of the grinding hopper in a state where the hammer is provided.

Since a backhoe to which the crushing bucket of the present invention is applied is a civil engineering machine of the same system as a power shovel, a detailed description of the backhoe will be omitted, and the backhoe is generally applied to excavation of a land at a position lower than the machine to perform operations such as trenching and digging. The grinding bucket of the present embodiment relates to an improvement of a grinding bucket that is attached to a tip end of an arm of the backhoe and performs excavation.

The grinding hopper 3 is swingably provided at the tip end of the arm 1 via a support shaft 2. An arm 1 is provided with a cylinder (not shown), and a distal end portion of a piston rod of the cylinder is connected to one end of a connecting member 4 via a shaft 5 so as to be relatively rotatable. The other end of the link member 4 is relatively rotatably attached to the bucket body 7 via a shaft 6. That is, when the piston rod moves forward and backward by the driving force of the bucket cylinder, the bucket body 7 swings about the support shaft 2.

The crushing hopper 3 can be moved to any position within the range of rotation and also changed in direction by the action of the backhoe body. The bucket body 7 of the grinding bucket 3 scoops up a ground material (excavation target material) such as asphalt residue or concrete block, and loads the ground material into the inside of the bucket body for transportation.

The present embodiment of the grinding bucket will be described as a grinding bucket having a discharge port for discharging a ground material at the bottom and a rotor for impacting and grinding the charged material with a hammer. An opening 8 for introducing a raw material such as a waste or a crushed material is provided in an upper portion of the hopper body 7 of the crushing hopper 3. The rotor shaft 9 is rotatably provided in the bucket body 7 and is driven by a rotor driving device 10 disposed outside the bucket body 7.

The rotor drive device 10 is mounted to the housing 19. The housing 19 is attached to a side surface of the bucket body 7 via a flange 19a, and is fitted into an attachment hole 7b provided in the side surface. If the installation position is fixed, the fixing is realized by bolts. The housing 19 supports the rotor shaft 9 and a transmission shaft (not shown) directly connected to the pulley 18 of the rotor driving device 10. Typically, the rotor shaft 9 and the transfer shaft are coupled by a coupling.

In the present embodiment, the center axis of the mounting hole 7b of the bucket body 7 fitted into the housing 19 and the center axis of the rotor shaft 9 are positioned to be eccentric by a dimension a in the radial direction. Therefore, when the housing 19 is attached to the bucket body 7, the rotor shaft 9 is attached to the attachment hole 7b of the bucket body 7 in a state of being offset to a certain position in the radial direction. Although not shown in detail, since the rotor shaft 9 is supported by the bearing, in actuality, when the mounting position of the housing 19 is changed along the circumferential direction of the mounting hole 7b of the bucket body 7, the position of the bearing is shifted.

The hammers 11 are fixed to the rotor shaft 9 in a freely swinging state, and when the rotor shaft 9 rotates, the hammers 11 hit the raw material and vigorously beat the raw material, thereby crushing the raw material. The hammer 11 is interchangeably attached to the flange member 9a of the rotor shaft 9 and is formed of a hard and wear-resistant material. When the striking surface of the hammer 11 is worn or damaged, the worn hammer or the like can be replaced individually.

A cover member 12 is provided on the upper portion of the bucket body 7 so as to be swingable via a support shaft 13 by driving a cover opening/closing cylinder 15. The cover member 12 is a member for preventing the pulverized material from scattering from the opening 8 to the outside of the pulverizing hopper 3 when the raw material is pulverized in the hopper body 7. A cylinder rod 15a of the lid opening/closing cylinder 15 is attached to an attachment portion 12a on the upper surface of the lid member 12 via a support shaft 14.

The reason why the opening/closing cover cylinder 15 is provided in the arm 1 is to simplify the grinding hopper 3. Further, by providing the cylinder 15 for opening and closing the cover member to the arm 1, a large opening and closing force can be obtained with a small driving force. The driving device is described as a cylinder, and may be a hydraulic motor, an electric motor using a screw member, or the like.

A rotor driving device 10 for driving the rotor shaft 9 is provided on a side wall of the bucket body 7. In the rotor driving device 10, the rotor shaft 9 is rotated by the hydraulic motor 16 via the V-belt 17 and the V-pulley 18, and therefore the rotor driving devices 10 having the same configuration are provided on both side wall surfaces of the bucket body 7. The two rotor driving devices 10 drive both ends of the rotor shaft in the same rotation direction. By providing the same electronic driving device 10 on both side wall surfaces of the bucket body 7, the rotation balance of the rotor shaft 9 is improved, and the rotation operation of the rotor shaft 9 becomes smooth. The advantage is that the size of the bucket body 7 in the width direction becomes smaller.

Further, the driving by the V-belt 17 and the V-pulley 18 has an effect of reducing vibration generated by the rotor shaft 9 and the bucket body 7 in association with the driving and buffering impact at the time of crushing, as compared with a type directly connected to the rotor shaft 9. As a result, the impact load applied to the rotor shaft 9 does not adversely affect the drive motor, and the motor can be stably used for a long life without causing damage.

Conventionally, since a motor shaft and a rotor shaft are directly connected or driven by a chain, vibration or the like is directly transmitted to the other side, and problems such as damage to the motor or a direct connection portion, stretching, dropping, breakage of the chain, and the like occur. In addition, the conveying belt can be purchased at low cost, is easy to replace, does not need lubrication and the like, and has good maintenance performance. And moreover, the noise is low.

By driving both ends of the rotor shaft 9, the drive motor can be smaller than a single drive motor, and can be a smaller space, and the support structure for supporting the rotor shaft 9 can also be smaller. As described above, the rotor shaft 9 can be eccentrically mounted to the mounting hole 7b of the bucket body 7. This structure is formed in an eccentric state in which the center position of the rotation support shaft (mounting hole) on the side wall of the bucket body 7 of the rotor shaft 9 is out of phase with the axial center position of the rotor shaft 9.

Fig. 4 and 5 show this configuration example. Fig. 4 shows a case where the outer periphery of the hammer 11 (rotor shaft) is located closer to the opening 8, and fig. 5 shows a case where the outer periphery of the hammer 11 is located closest to the bottom surface of the bucket body. Therefore, when the rotor shaft 9 is driven by the motor via the V-belt 17, the rotor shaft 9 rotates at a position where the rotor shaft 9 is eccentric.

Since the hammer 11 is set at the optimum position for the material and rotated, the hammer 11 can strike the material vigorously and efficiently. The rotation direction of the rotor shaft 9 is not limited, and normal rotation and reverse rotation can be selected by operation. Further, the direction of the eccentricity can be easily changed by changing the mounting position of the housing 19 with respect to the bucket body 7 as described above. Depending on the proximity of the entire rotor shaft 9 to the grate 22 or the exit and load conditions or the particle size of the comminuted material. Further, since the gap between the raw materials to be fed (the portion to be fed) can be changed, the optimum feeding state can be adjusted by the properties of the raw materials.

With such a configuration, the pulverization of the raw material is promoted, and the pulverization efficiency is improved. The grinding hopper 3 of the present invention has the following configuration in consideration of the problem of maintenance. Fig. 6 shows a state in which the rotor shaft 9 is extended out of the bucket body 7 in the axial direction with the hammer 11 attached. A bearing (not shown) for supporting the rotor shaft 9 is attached to the housing 19, and when the rotor shaft 9 is removed, the housing 19 and the bearing are removed in advance.

In order to attach the housing 19 and the like, an attachment hole 7b is provided in the inner wall of the bucket body 7, and in the configuration of the present invention, the size of the attachment hole 7b is larger than the diameter of the revolving outer periphery of the hammer 11. Therefore, when maintenance such as replacement of the hammer 11 is performed in the grinding hopper 3, the mounting hole 7b having a diameter larger than the outer circumferential rotation diameter of the hammer 11 is opened in the side wall of the hopper body 7 after the housing 19 is removed, and the structure of the rotor shaft 9 holding the hammer 11 can be directly projected in the rotor axial direction as shown in the drawing.

The structure of the protruding rotor shaft 9 is placed at a predetermined position, and the hammers 11 having a large wear and the like are removed and replaced with new ones. This replacement is easy because of the bolt-tightening structure. The newly constructed rotor shaft 9 is inserted into the bucket body 7 by an operation reverse to the drawing operation, and when the housing 19 is attached, it returns to the original state and returns to the drivable state. Thus, a structure which is easy to maintain is realized.

On the other hand, the pulverized material is pulverized as a pulverized material and falls to the lower part of the hopper body 7, three discharge ports 20 are provided at the bottom of the hopper body 7, and the pulverized material is discharged from these discharge ports 20. In general, in order to enhance the pulverization effect, the outlets 20b and 20c on the side surfaces are covered with the cover 21 and are configured to discharge only from the outlet 20a corresponding to the falling position of the pulverized material, and the other outlets 20b and 20c are used for maintenance or the like.

A grate 22 of a wire mesh or perforated steel plate having a predetermined mesh is provided at the discharge port 20a, and only pulverized material having a predetermined particle size passes therethrough. The grate 22 is adapted to different crushing purposes and is selected to have different shapes, sizes and materials of meshes and the like. Therefore, the particle size of the pulverized material passing through the discharge port 20a is generally constant. The coarse pulverized material that has not passed through the opening 8 is discharged when the inverted bucket is turned upside down.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment, as a matter of course, as the structure is formed as described above. For example, the conveyor belt is illustrated as a V-belt, but may be a toothed synchronous conveyor belt, or a flat conveyor belt when the load is small. In any case, the conveyor belt is an elastic body and has a function of absorbing vibration, and therefore, when the hopper is crushed, there is an effect of reducing damage to the hopper due to vibration, that is, impact force.

In addition, in the case of a sudden overload during a violent turning operation, a normal/reverse switching operation, or crushing, the V-belt 17 can alleviate the overload, thereby preventing damage to the power transmission portion or the motor. Further, since the grate 22 of the discharge port such as the expanded metal or the perforated steel plate is configured to be replaceable, it can be replaced with a suitable shape corresponding to the raw material.

Next, the method of pulverizing the raw material in the pulverizing hopper 3 of the present invention will be described. The raw material is scooped up through the tip end portion of the bucket main body 7 and enters the bucket main body 7. This is to scoop the raw material by swinging the grinding bucket 3 with the driving force of the grinding bucket cylinder. The rotor shaft 9 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed.

The lid member 12 swings in a direction approaching the bucket body 7 by the driving force of the lid member opening/closing cylinder 15, and covers the opening 8, so that the pulverized material does not splash outward during the pulverizing operation. The raw material introduced into the bucket body 7 through the opening 8 is applied with an impact force by the striking of the hammer 11.

In addition to the impact, the raw material is mixed with other raw materials as the rotor shaft 9 rotates, and repeatedly rubbed in the bucket body 7 to be mutually pulverized. Thus, the raw material is impacted and repeatedly extruded, and the crushing efficiency can be improved. Since this operation is performed by the two rotor driving devices 10, the motor 16 does not need to be large, and a well-balanced grinding rotation can be obtained. Further, since the rotor shaft 9 can be displaced from the mounting hole 7b of the bucket body 7, an optimum position can be set in the bucket body 7, and the grinding can be efficiently performed. In this way, the pulverized material having a particle size of not larger than the predetermined particle size is discharged from the discharge port 20a to the outside of the hopper.

If for some reason, the material that cannot be crushed always remains in the bucket body, the bucket can be turned upside down and the crushed material can be discharged from the opening 8 side. Further, when maintenance is required, the hammer and the like can be pulled out of the bucket body as described above, and therefore, the operation can be performed safely.

In the above-described embodiments, the present invention has been described by taking an example of application to a bucket having an outlet opening formed in the bottom, but it is needless to say that the present invention is also applicable to a bucket having no outlet opening. It is needless to say that the present invention is also applicable to a bucket using an excavation chisel, fixed impact teeth, and a freely swinging hammer as described in the above patent documents 2 to 5.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

Claims (6)

1. A grinding hopper, comprising:

a bucket body which is swingably provided at a tip end of an arm of a civil engineering machine and has an opening through which a raw material is charged;

a rotor rotatably provided in the bucket body;

hammers provided on the outer periphery of the rotor for impact-pulverizing the raw material;

a rotor driving device provided on a side wall of the bucket body to rotate the rotor and driven by a rotation transmission member;

a housing fitted into a mounting hole in a side wall of the bucket body, the housing eccentrically supporting the rotor and a part of the rotor driving device with respect to the mounting hole.

2. The grinding hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation transmission member of the rotor driving device is driven by a conveyor belt connected to a motor.

3. The grinding hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting hole is a hole larger than a revolving outer periphery of the hammer.

4. The grinding hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the bucket body is provided with a discharge port, and a grate made of a metal mesh or perforated steel plate is detachably disposed at the discharge port.

5. The grinding hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: a cover for preventing the pulverized material from splashing is provided in the opening.

6. The grinding hopper according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rotor driving devices are arranged on two side surfaces of the bucket and drive two ends of the rotor shaft to the same rotation direction at the same time.