HK1077341B - Crushing backet for excavators - Google Patents

Description

Crushing bucket of civil engineering machinery

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a hopper attached to a tip end of an arm of a construction machine, and relates to a grinding hopper for grinding a raw material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a grinding hopper for efficiently grinding a large variety of materials to be charged by rotating a grinding gear in a forward direction and a reverse direction.

Background

In the case of dismantling roads, buildings, and the like, various industrial wastes such as asphalt chips and concrete wastes are discharged, which has become a social problem. Conventionally, disposal by landfill is often performed, and at present, recycling is often performed from the viewpoint of environmental protection. In particular, waste materials such as concrete are large in amount and most of them are reusable, so that it is strongly desired to reuse them.

The hopper of a construction machine for directly processing such waste materials is very effective. Not only are there increasing civil engineering machines that simply collect and transport raw materials such as waste materials to other locations, but also pulverize the raw materials during charging into hoppers. In addition, a hopper having a pulverizing function is necessary for producing a product using a processed or pulverized shell as a raw material. As an example of a simple method for crushing the hopper, various existing crushing apparatuses are provided in the hopper.

As an example, it is known that a pair of opposed crushing disks for nipping and crushing skimmed concrete waste are provided in a hopper so as to be able to contact and separate from each other, and the skimmed concrete waste is scraped off and crushed as it is and discharged (for example, patent document 1). It is also known to provide an operating body for providing grinding teeth, which is reciprocatingly movable, in a hopper, and to grind concrete waste between fixed grinding teeth provided in the hopper (for example, patent document 2). Further, a pair of rotating shafts are provided in a skimmer in a hopper, large, medium, and small crushing toothed plates are attached to the rotating shafts, and concrete lumps are crushed to be smaller in the toothed plates by rotating the rotating shafts (for example, patent document 3).

As an impact type device, a device in which a rotary crusher is attached as an attachment to a hydraulic shovel is known (for example, patent document 4). In addition, in the hopper with a cover, a drum crusher including a drum cutter composed of a fixed cutter and a rotary cutter is attached to a tip end of an arm, and waste materials are cut or crushed between the fixed cutter and the rotary cutter, not only to simply prevent the raw materials from splashing (for example, patent document 5). In both of the conventional configurations, the grinding teeth are usually rotated in one direction during the grinding operation in addition to the maintenance operation.

[ patent document 1 ] Japanese patent laid-open publication No. H10-121748

[ patent document 2 ] Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 9-316912

[ patent document 3 ] Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 10-30247

[ patent document 4 ] Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 9-88355

[ patent document 5 ] Japanese patent laid-open No. 2001-113198

In the conventional grinding hopper, the grinding teeth rotating in one direction are used in the grinding operation as described above. Accordingly, the pulverizing teeth mounted on the rotor are also formed in a unidirectional structure accordingly. There are cases where 2 or more types of pulverizing teeth are attached, but they are all provided in correspondence with unidirectional rotation. The driving device itself has a driving function capable of rotating forward and backward, but the use of the driving device in the reverse rotation is limited to maintenance for removing clogging of raw materials. In general, the starting material is not limited to a certain particle size, and its size is various.

In addition, there are hard soils and soft soils, and waste materials are often mixed with hard materials such as tiles, ceramics, and glasses, or soft materials such as wood, and are not clear. In the case of stationary raw materials, it is possible to use a dedicated grinding hopper corresponding to the purpose, and it is often the case that coarse raw materials generated from waste materials or the like, soil for soil improvement, or the like are ground, and the purpose of the grinding is varied and the grinding is used indiscriminately. The prior art deals with the above-mentioned problem in a hopper for crushing the raw material such as soil by a crushing tooth rotating in one direction.

Therefore, the conditions of the hopper are not satisfied, but the conditions are not satisfied, and all of the pulverized material are not necessarily the desired pulverized material, and the conditions are satisfied. For example: residential grounds and the like have narrow occupied land, irregular soil quality and different conditions according to different operation sites. Thus, in addition to the capability of the bucket, a simple and compact structure is required. To satisfy these conditions, it is desirable to develop a grinding hopper that can handle a variety of raw materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to achieve the following object. The invention provides a crushing bucket which can efficiently perform crushing operation for rotating crushing teeth in both forward and reverse directions on a bucket body provided with a reverse dial plate. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grinding hopper in which a plurality of different kinds of grinding teeth are provided on a rotor, and the grinding teeth are formed on the rotor in a structure that can move relative to the rotation of the rotor, thereby improving grinding efficiency. Another object of the invention is to provide a crushing bucket of simple construction and low cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following means.

A grinding bucket for a construction machine according to a first aspect of the present invention is constituted by: a bucket body which is swingably provided at a tip end of an arm of a civil engineering machine and has an opening portion into which a raw material is charged and an outlet port from which a pulverized raw material is discharged; a rotor rotatably disposed in the hopper body for pulverizing the raw material; a rotor driving device provided on a side wall of the bucket body and configured to rotate the rotor in a normal or reverse direction to crush the material; a first crushing tooth provided on the outer periphery of the rotor and corresponding to the normal rotation; a second crushing tooth provided on the outer periphery of the rotor and corresponding to the reverse rotation; a support member is provided in the recess of the rotor and is swingably supported in a rotation direction of the rotor, and the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth are fixed to the support member; a cover covering the opening portion of the recess of the swing range of the support body is provided on the support body. The crushing teeth are rotated in the forward and reverse directions to perform crushing operation.

Furthermore, by oscillating the crushing teeth in the rotor rotation direction, the crushing teeth can be set at the optimum positions.

Further, the crushed material can be prevented from entering the inside of the concave portion.

A second aspect of the present invention is a grinding bucket for a construction machine according to the first aspect, comprising: an adjusting member for limiting the swing range of the support body is provided in the recess. An optimum swing range can be set.

A crushing bucket for a construction machine according to a third aspect of the present invention is the crushing bucket for a construction machine according to the first aspect, characterized in that: a reverse stirring plate is arranged on the inner wall of the bucket main body at the periphery of the rotor. The pulverization efficiency can be further improved.

A crushing bucket for a construction machine according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the crushing bucket for a construction machine according to the first aspect, characterized in that: a partition member is provided at an edge of the discharge port, and the first crushing teeth or the second crushing teeth crush and discharge the raw material alternately at the partition member; the partition member is provided with cut portions through which the first crushing teeth or the second crushing teeth can pass alternately. The raw materials are crushed and smashed, and the effect is better. Further, the crushing gap of the raw material can be reduced, and thus the crushing efficiency can be further improved.

A crushing bucket for a civil engineering machine according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the crushing bucket according to the first aspect, characterized in that an outer peripheral rotating edge portion of the first crushing tooth or the second crushing tooth is configured to extend outward of the bucket body from a discharge edge portion of the discharge port. The raw material can be pulverized only by pressing the bottom of the hopper against the raw material stacked.

The crushing bucket of the civil engineering machine of the invention is formed with a structure that different types of crushing teeth are arranged on the periphery of a rotor and the raw material is crushed by rotating the rotor forwards and backwards, therefore, the crushing bucket is not limited by the hardness of the raw material and can efficiently crush the raw material. On the other hand, the crushing efficiency can be further improved because the crushing teeth and the rotor are configured to be relatively movable during the crushing operation. In addition, the shape is not greatly changed, so that the crushing hopper not only improves the performance, but also has compact structure and low cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a grinding bucket of a construction machine.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a grinding bucket of the construction machine, and is an X-direction view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view showing a state in which the grinding teeth are attached to the rotor, and shows a structure in which grinding is performed by the striking teeth.

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view showing a state in which the grinding teeth are attached to the rotor, and shows a structure in which grinding is performed by the cutting teeth.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a grinding bucket of a construction machine according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof, and is a vector view in the X direction of fig. 1. Fig. 3 and 4 are partial sectional views showing a structure for attaching the grinding teeth to the rotor.

Since a backhoe to which the crushing bucket of the present invention is applied is a known civil excavator of the same system as a power shovel, a detailed description of the backhoe will be omitted, and the backhoe is generally applied to earth excavation or the like at a position lower than the machine, and is generally used for performing operations such as trenching, excavation, and the like, or operations such as earth improvement. The present invention relates to an improvement in a bucket attached to the tip of the arm of the backhoe for crushing the material.

The grinding hopper 3 is swingably provided at the tip end of the arm 1 via a support shaft 2. A bucket cylinder (バケツトシリンダ) (not shown) is provided on the arm 1, and the tip end portion of a piston rod 5a of the bucket cylinder is relatively rotatably connected to one end of the connecting member 4 via a shaft 5. The other end of the link member 4 is relatively rotatably attached to the bucket body 7 via a shaft 6. That is, when the piston rod 5a moves forward and backward by the driving force of the bucket cylinder, the bucket body 7 of the grinding bucket 3 swings about the support shaft 2.

The crushing hopper 3 can be moved to any position within the range of rotation by the action of the backhoe body, and can also be changed in direction. In general, the bucket body 7 of the grinding bucket 3 picks up a ground material (excavated material) such as a slag or a concrete block of asphalt, and the ground material is loaded into the bucket body, ground, and conveyed.

The crushing hopper 3 of the present invention is provided with an outlet 9 for discharging crushed raw materials to the bottom, and an opening 8 for introducing raw materials such as waste materials and crushed materials is provided in the upper part. The inner wall of the bucket body 7 is covered with a hard material. The rotor shaft 10 is rotatably provided in the bucket body 7 and is driven by a rotor driving device 11 disposed outside the bucket body 7. The rotor driving device 11 is rotationally driven by a motor whose rotation is controlled in forward and reverse 2 directions. The motor drive unit 11 rotates the rotor shaft 10 via a V-belt by a hydraulic motor.

Further, a kick-back plate bushing 13 is provided as a kick-back member on the inner wall of the bucket body 7 along the outer periphery of the rotor 12 in the bucket body 7. The back-pull plate bushing 13 is substantially V-shaped, and the central portion thereof is protruded outward. Several of these anti-kicker plate bushings 13 are mounted on the inner wall of the body 7. The backup plate bushing 13 is made of a hard material, but when abrasion or breakage occurs during the grinding operation, it can be removed and attached separately, or replaced with a new backup plate bushing. In addition, because the reverse shifting plate bushing 13 is convex, raw materials are easy to crush when colliding with the convex, and the crushing effect can be further improved.

In addition, a partition member 14 for partitioning and discharging the raw material is provided at the edge portion 9a of the discharge port 9. The partition member 14 is a plate-like hard member, and is provided over the entire width of the bucket body, and has a notch 14a formed only in a portion through which the grinding teeth pass. The partition member 14 can be rotated from a fixed position around the support shaft 15 to be opened only upward. By providing the partition member 14, the pulverization efficiency can be improved.

The rotor 12 is fixed to the rotor shaft 10, and the rotor shaft 10 and the rotor 12 rotate integrally. A recess 12a is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor 12, and the support body 16 is supported by a shaft 17 in the recess 12a so as to be swingable in the rotation direction of the rotor 12. In this embodiment, the support members 16 are equally arranged at four positions along the rotation direction, and a plurality of support members are arranged along the width of the rotor 12. 2 different types of crushing teeth are fixed to each support body 16.

On the other hand, the material is pulverized by the cutting action of the cutting teeth 18 rotating in the normal direction. On the other hand, the striking teeth 19 are used to crush the raw material by striking in the reverse direction. The striking teeth 19 are fixed to the support 16 so as to face the cutting teeth 18 back to back. The striking teeth 19 collide the material with the back plate liner 13 in a state of striking the material, and crush the material. The striking teeth 19 are made of a hard and wear-resistant metal material, and can be replaced on the support 16 when worn or broken. The striking teeth 19 are similar to the cutting teeth 18 in that they can be replaced with new ones when the striking surfaces thereof are worn or damaged, as described above. The normal rotation and reverse rotation of the cutting teeth 18 and the striking teeth 19 may be reversed.

The cutting teeth 18 and the striking teeth 19 may be arranged in the direction along the rotation direction, and a plurality of the teeth may be arranged uniformly integrally with the support body on the outer periphery of the rotor 12. Although not shown, all the grinding teeth are also replaceably fixed to the support 16 by bolts, and are replaceable when worn or broken. The rotor shaft 10 is rotatably supported by the bucket body 7 via a bearing, not shown, and the rotor 12 is positioned below the bucket body 7 such that the rotating outer peripheral edge of the grinding teeth projects outward from the bucket body 7 beyond the edge 9b of the discharge port 9. The support body 16 is formed in the recess 12a of the rotor 12 so as to be swingable as described above.

Fig. 3 shows a structure of being attached to the rotor 12 when the striking teeth 19 strike and crush. The rotor 12 is rotated rightward in the state of the drawing. The oscillation range of the support body 16 in the recess 12a is an angle α between A, B. The angle is 2 times the angle α 1 evenly divided with reference to a straight line connecting the center of the shaft 17 and the center O of the rotor shaft 10. When the rotor 12 rotates, the striking teeth 19 approach the left side (a side) of the recess 12 a. The striking teeth 19 adjacent to the other rotational direction are also pulled close at the same time. The striking teeth 19 are pulled close, and the tooth portions 19a of the striking teeth 19 are lifted. The distance between the outer peripheral edges of the teeth 19a relative to the center O of the rotor shaft 10 is changed from b2 (fig. 4) to b1 (fig. 3), and the angle of the pulverizing direction is changed in such a relationship that b1 > b 2.

The striking in such a state of being gradually raised is performed in a state of being involved with the raw material, and thus the pulverizing effect is improved. In addition, a spacer member 20 is provided as an adjusting member in the recess 12a to limit the swing range of the support body 16. Although not shown, the spacer member 20 is detachably fixed to the inner wall of the recess 12a by fixing means such as bolts. The thickness of the pad member 20 can be varied to select the setting so as to adjust the striking teeth 19 at the optimum position.

Fig. 4 shows a mounting structure of the rotor when the grinding is performed by the cutting teeth 18. The rotor 12 is rotated leftward in the state of the drawing. As described above, the support body swings within the range of the angle α, and the cutting teeth 18 approach the right side (B side) of the recess 12a when the rotor 12 rotates. The cutting teeth 18 adjacent to the other rotational direction are also pulled closer together. The cutting teeth 18 are pulled closer, and the tooth portions 18a of the cutting teeth 18 are lifted. The distance between the outer peripheral edges of the teeth 18a with respect to the center O of the rotor shaft 10 is changed from a1 (fig. 3) to a2 (fig. 4), and the relationship is a2 > a1, and the pulverization angle is changed. The cutting in the state of being gradually raised is performed in the state of rolling the raw material in the same manner as the striking teeth 19, and thus the grinding effect is improved.

In the concave portion 12a, it is necessary to ensure that the pulverized material is not mixed when the support 16 is oscillated. For this purpose, as shown in the drawing, cover members 21 that can be elastically deformed on both sides in the selection direction are provided on the support body 16. The cover member 21 is also formed integrally so as to cover the recess on the support 16 side adjacent thereto, and is elastically deformed so as to always contact the rotor side. The lid member 21 is provided to cover the side surface of the support 16, so that the crushed material does not enter the concave portion 12a in any state when the support 16 swings. The above-described configuration of the crushing teeth is arranged in 3 rows in a staggered manner in the present embodiment along the width of the rotor 12 as shown in fig. 2.

The pulverized material falls as a pulverized material to the lower part of the hopper body 7, and the bottom of the hopper body 7 serves as the discharge port 9, and the pulverized material directly falls. As described above, the rotating outer peripheral edge of the crushing teeth projects outward from the edge 9b of the discharge port 9. Therefore, when insufficiently crushed raw materials are accumulated in the downward direction, the bucket body is lowered downward, the bottom of the crushing bucket 3 can directly press the raw materials, and in this state, when the rotor 12 is rotated, the accumulated materials can be crushed. This action can further promote the pulverization by crushing the raw material while rotating the cutting teeth 18. This operation is more effective in a construction such as soil improvement, and the earth is mixed, disintegrated and pulverized by pressing the earth and rotating the rotor via the cutting teeth 18.

The invention relates to a crushing bucket with various functions, which is not a device provided with components with complex structures. The crushing teeth change positions in the swinging process, the simple structure is used for rotating the rotor forwards and backwards and performing crushing operation, the cost is low, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example: the support bodies are illustrated as being arranged in 4 equal parts, but the size of the bucket body, the shape, the number, and the like of the corresponding lines may be determined as appropriate. Moreover, the present invention is characterized in that the position is changed by swinging, and as the structure of the crushing bucket, a structure in which the position is changed by swinging the crushing teeth and a structure which is fixed can be combined.

Claims (5)

1. A grinding hopper of a civil machine, comprising:

a bucket body which is swingably provided at a tip end of an arm of a civil engineering machine, and which has an opening through which a raw material is charged and an outlet through which a pulverized raw material is discharged;

a rotor rotatably provided in the hopper body to pulverize the raw material;

a rotor driving device which is arranged on the side wall of the bucket main body and enables the rotor to rotate forward or backward for grinding and driving;

the first crushing teeth are arranged on the periphery of the rotor and correspond to the positive rotation;

the setting is in the periphery of rotor with the second crushing tooth that the reversal corresponds, its characterized in that:

a support member is provided in the recess of the rotor and is swingably supported in a rotation direction of the rotor, and the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth are fixed to the support member;

a cover covering the opening portion of the recess of the swing range of the support body is provided on the support body.

2. A grinding hopper for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein: an adjustment member that restricts a swing range of the support body is provided in the recess.

3. A grinding hopper for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein: and a reverse stirring component is arranged on the inner wall of the bucket main body at the periphery of the rotor.

4. A grinding hopper for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein: a partition member is provided at an edge of the discharge port, and the first crushing teeth or the second crushing teeth crush and discharge the raw material alternately at the partition member;

the partition member is provided with cut portions through which the first crushing teeth or the second crushing teeth can pass alternately.

5. A grinding hopper for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein: the first crushing teeth or the second crushing teeth have a rotating outer peripheral edge extending outward from a discharge edge of the discharge port.