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HK1052000A1 - 製備托特羅定及其類似物的方法以及在該方法中製備的中間體 - Google Patents

製備托特羅定及其類似物的方法以及在該方法中製備的中間體 Download PDF

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HK1052000A1
HK1052000A1 HK03104266A HK03104266A HK1052000A1 HK 1052000 A1 HK1052000 A1 HK 1052000A1 HK 03104266 A HK03104266 A HK 03104266A HK 03104266 A HK03104266 A HK 03104266A HK 1052000 A1 HK1052000 A1 HK 1052000A1
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G. Andersson Pehr
Hedberg Christian
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Description

制备托特罗定及其类似物的方法以及在该方法中制备的中间体
发明领域
本发明涉及制备托特罗定(tolterodine)及其类似物的新方法,并涉及在该方法中制备的新中间体。
发明背景
托特罗定,即(R)-N,N-二异丙基3-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙胺,用于治疗尿失禁。托特罗定主要的活性代谢物,即(R)-N,N-二异丙基-3-(2-羟基-5-羟甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙胺,对托特罗定的疗效起到重要作用。US-A-5,382,600公开了托特罗定及其类似物(包括对应的(S)-对映体)以及制备它们的方法。US-A-5,559,269公开了活性代谢物及类似物。进一步地在WO98/03067中描述了(S)-对映异构体及其在治疗尿疾病和肠胃疾病中的用途。
在US-A-5,382,600中描述的方法之一包括以下步骤:制备内酯3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮,还原性打开内酯环以制备对应的醇,将醇与异丙胺反应,并拆分形成的外消旋物以分离出托特罗定。
US-A-5,922,914公开了一种制备托特罗定的改进方法,其为通过将上述内酯还原为其对应的醇,3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇,还原性胺化该醇,并拆分形成的外消旋物以分离出托特罗定。
为获得目的托特罗定对映异构体,必须对根据上述现有技术方法产生的外消旋物进行分离,然而Andersson,Pher G.等人,有机化学杂志(J.Org.Chem.)1998,63,8067-8070公开了托特罗定的对映异构体选择性合成,其避开了对对映异构体分离步骤的需要。该方法包括溴化铜催化将2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基溴化镁不对称加成至3-苯基-丙-2-烯酰-噁唑烷酮,以产生(5S)-苯基-(3R)-(2-苄氧基-5-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙酰基-2-噁唑烷酮,将噁唑烷酮水解为对应的丙酸,与二异丙胺反应以形成酰胺,再将酰胺还原为托特罗定。
发明概述
本发明提供了对映异构体选择性合成托特罗定的另一种方法,其比上面所列的现有技术方法更便于进行,且给出高对映异构体纯度的终产物。本方法的关键步骤是通过对映异构体选择性反应,以富集对映异构体的形式制备上述内酯,3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮(也称为6-甲基-4-苯基苯并二氢吡喃-2-酮),。
这样,本发明第一方面提供了对映异构体选择性制备通式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其盐的方法,
其中R1、R2和R3相互独立地为氢、甲基、甲氧基、羟基、羟甲基、氨甲酰基、氨磺酰基或卤素,R4和R5相互独立地为C1-6-烷基,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)对映异构体选择性还原式(II)化合物的羰基官能团,
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上,以形成富含对映异构体的式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物或其盐:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
b)将式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物进行σ迁移重排以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物或其盐:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
c)将式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物进行拜尔-维利格氧化以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(Va)或(Vb)化合物或其盐:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
d)转化式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其盐;以及
e)任选地将碱形式的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物转化为其盐,或将盐形式转化为游离碱。
在本发明第一方面的一个实施方案中,步骤d)包括:
d1)将式(Va)或(Vb)化合物与通式(VI)的胺反应,
其中R4和R5的定义如上,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5的定义如上;以及
d2)还原式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物的羰基官能团,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
任选地,在一步反应中同时进行步骤d1)和d2)。
在另一个实施方案中,步骤d)包括:
d1′)还原式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3如权利要求1中所定义的;以及
d2′)用式(VI)的胺还原性胺化式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
在第二方面,本发明提供了对映异构体选择性制备通式(Va)或(Vb)化合物或其盐的方法:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上,
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)对映异构体选择性还原式(II)化合物或其盐的羰基官能团,
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上,以形成富含对映异构体的式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物或其盐:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
b)将式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物进行σ迁移重排,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物或其盐;
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上,以及
c)将式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物进行拜尔-维利格氧化,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(Va)或(Vb)化合物或其盐。
可通过将通式(IX)化合物或其盐进行还原性环合反应来制备式(II)化合物:
其中R1、R2和、R3如权利要求1中所定义的,Hal为卤素(优选溴),可通过通式(X)化合物与通式(XI)化合物的反应制备式(IX)化合物:
其中R1和Hal的定义如上,
其中R2和R3的定义如上。
在所制备的式Ia或Ib化合物中,优选地在第5位上的R1为甲基或羟甲基,R2和R3为氢,且R4和R5均为异丙基。
第三方面,本发明提供了如上所述的式(II)、(IIIa)、(IIIb)、(IVa)、(IVb)、(Va)、(Vb)和(IX)的新化合物,其中在第5位上的R1为甲基或羟甲基,R2和R3为氢,并提供式(IX)化合物,其中在第5位上的R1为羟甲基,R2和R3为氢,卤素为Br、J或F。
发明详述
本发明的基本观点为将式(II)化合物对映异构体选择性还原为富含对映异构形式的式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物,然后将式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物重排形成内酯(Va)或(Vb)。然后,通过本领域本身公知的方法,例如上面提及的US-A-5,382,600和US-A-5,922,914中所述的方法,可将各自的内酯对映异构体进一步反应成为托特罗定。
可在具有多种还原剂的有机溶剂中将式(II)化合物对映异构体选择性还原为式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物,且反应条件为本领域本身公知的用于羰基的对映异构体选择性还原的条件。此类方法描述在例如Houben-Weyl,立体选择性合成(Stereoselective Synthesis),编辑:Günter Helmchen等人,第7卷,第2.3章,Thime,斯图加特-纽约1996。优选地,在约0℃至约室温下进行反应。一个可作为例子的方法包括使用手性催化剂,例如可从商业途径获得的(R)-或(S)-MeCBS(3,3-二苯基-1-甲基四氢-1H,3H-吡咯并-[1,2-c][1.3.2]oxazaborole),硼烷复合物和碱。在化合物(II)的不对称硼烷还原中,用MeCBS oxazaborolidine催化剂的R或S对映异构体可以指导立体化学。类似底物的还原在例如WO 97/17341中进行了描述。不对称硼烷还原的对映异构体选择性对空间电子效应不是很敏感。
化合物(IIIa)或(IIIb)的σ迁移1,3-重排(氢负离子转移)可通过在有机溶剂中用碱(如三乙胺)和钯催化剂(如Pd(dppe)Cl2([1,2-双(二苯基膦基)乙烷]钯(II)氯化物)处理进行,以形成式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物(见例如上面的WO 97/17341)。另外,可在有机溶剂中用DABCO(1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷)和碱(如三乙胺)处理进行重排反应(见下面的实施例1)。所得到的二氢茚酮(IVa)或(IVb)通常为高度结晶的固体,这使得如果需要的话,从合适的溶剂中通过重结晶提高对映异构体的纯度变为可能(例如可得到99%或更多的对映异构体过量(如下所定义的))。
正如本领域公知的,多种氧化剂如过氧化氢或过氧酸(如3-氯过苯甲酸)优选地在存在酸催化剂(如对甲苯磺酸(TsOH))时,进行化合物(IVa)和(IVb)的拜尔-维利格氧化,。优选地在有机溶剂中和例如在约0℃至约室温下进行反应。
对映异构体的纯度或对映异构体的丰度通常表达为″对映异构体过量″,以下缩写为“ee”,并定义为(R-S)/(R+S),其中R和S分别为R-和S-对映异构体的量。为了本发明目的,在对映异构体选择性的加工步骤中对映异构体纯度通常至少约50%,优选地至少约85%。
因为托特罗定为胺,它可与有机酸和无机酸形成盐。根据药物剂型,可药用盐可能优于对应的游离胺,因为前者产生的化合物更具水溶性和更易结晶。作为例子的可药用盐包括含酸盐,其中所述酸的例子有甲烷磺酸、盐酸、溴化氢、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、延胡索酸和马来酸。
现在将进一步以下列非限制性实施例阐述本发明。
在实施例中:
TLC指薄层色谱法。
MeCBS指3,3-二苯基-l-1-甲基四氢-1H,3H-吡咯并-[1,2-c][1.3.2]oxazaborole。
DABCO指1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
ChiralCel OD-H(商标)指用于液相色谱的手性固定相,其由硅胶基片上的纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd)组成。
mCPBA指3-氯过苯甲酸
“ee”指如上所定义的对映异构体过量。
实施例1:
1-(2-溴-4-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙烯酮
于0℃向2-溴-4-甲基苯乙酮(7.20g,34.0mmol)和苯甲醛(3.65g,34.0mmol)在无水甲醇(50ml)中的溶液加入新鲜制备的在无水甲醇(30ml)中的甲醇钠(35.7mmol)。所得混合物于0℃搅拌5小时,并升至室温过夜。缓慢加入10ml HCl(10%),并将混合物于减压下几乎蒸干。将残余物悬浮在饱和NaHCO3(50ml)中,并用3×50ml乙醚提取,盐水洗涤并用MgSO4干燥。通过使用乙醚∶戊烷5∶95洗脱的快速色谱进行纯化,给出10.1g(95%)标题化合物。Rf0.66(乙醚∶戊烷20∶80)。1H NMRδ:2.25(s,3H),6.96(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),7.15(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),7.05(dd,J=7.6Hz,2.6Hz,1H),7.24(m,3H),7.34(m,2H),7.40(m,3H).13C NMR δ:21.4,112.5,117.3,122.5,122.8,123.7,124.9,128.4,132.2,133.6,133.9,143.6,145.3,186.6。
5-甲基-3-苯基二氢茚-1-酮
向无水K2CO3(9.76g,70.6mmol)在无水DMF(100ml)中的悬液加入1-(2-溴-4-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙烯酮(8.40g,28.3mmol),该混合物用无水氩脱气15分钟。加入三苯膦(0.73g,2.83mmol),然后加入PdCl2(0.20g,1.13mmol)。该混合物于80℃加热,直至NMR样本指示起始物质消失为止(5小时)。在减压下将混合物减少至一半体积并倾倒于冰:水(200ml)上。用CH2Cl2提取,然后通过使用乙醚∶戊烷5∶95洗脱的快速色谱进行纯化,给出4.2g(72%)标题化合物。Rf 0.62(乙醚∶戊烷20∶80)。IR(净cm-1):1704,1606,1355,1101,815,743。1H NMR δ:2.40(s,3H),5.99(s,1H),7.11(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.18(s,1H),7.43(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.53(m,3H),7.66(m,2H)。13C NMRδ:22.1,122.7,122.9,123.5,127.4,128.6,128.9,129.2,129.9,130.3,133.2,143.7,144.4,162.4。MS(EI 70 eV)m/z(相对强度):220(100)[M+],205(75),191(51),177(10),165(15)。
5-甲基-3-苯基-(S)-1H-茚-1-酚
将(R)-MeCBS催化剂(0.22ml,1M,0.22mmol)混合于5ml无水THF中,室温下搅拌1小时。冷却至0℃后,加入2.5ml 2M在THF中的BH3:Me2S(4.99mmol)。通过注射器泵用2小时以上的时间加入5-甲基-3-苯基-二氢茚-1-酮(1.00g,4.54mmol)在甲苯(2ml)中的溶液。反应后进行TLC。结束后,于0℃加入甲醇(0.6ml,17mmol),并将混合物蒸干。通过使用乙酸乙酯∶戊烷10∶90洗脱的快速色谱,给出0.96g(95%)标题化合物。Rf0.35(乙酸乙酯∶戊烷20∶80)(ChiralCel OD-H)0.5ml/分钟己烷/异丙醇:95/5(S)-异构体24.53分钟,(R)-异构体27.22分钟,93%ee.IR(净cm-1):3300,1605,1446,949,813。1H NMRδ:1.40(s,1H),2.40(s,3H),5.27(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.43(d J=2Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.47(m,4H),7.59(m,2H)。13C NMRδ:21.6,76.2,121.6,123.6,126.9,127.6,128.2,128.6,134.1,134.9,138.2,142.1,143.7,145.6。MS(EI 70eV)m/z(相对强度):220(100)[M+],207(71),178(66),144(42),116(23)。
5-甲基-3-(S)-苯基二氢茚-1-酮
将5-甲基-3-苯基-(S)-1H-茚-1-酚(750mg,3.41mmol)和DABCO(190mg,1.71mmol)溶于无水THF∶三乙胺20∶1(15ml),并回流3小时。蒸干反应混合物。通过用乙酸乙酯∶戊烷5∶95洗脱的快速色谱,给出690mg(92%)标题化合物。Rf 0.62(乙酸乙酯∶戊烷20∶80)(ChiralCel OD-H)0.5ml/分钟己烷/异丙醇:95/5(S)-异构体19.12分钟,(R)-异构体22.33分钟,89%ee。IR(净cm-1):3027,2361,1710,1605,1280,1238,1040。1H NMRδ:2.39(s,3H),2.69(dd,J=3.0,19.2Hz,1H),3.23(dd,J=8.0,19.2Hz,1H),4.53(q,J=4Hz,1H),7.07(s,1H),7.14(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.15(s,1H),7.26(m,2H),7.33(m,2H),7.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H)。13C NMRδ:22.1,44.3,46.9,123.2,126.9,127.0,127.6,128.9,134.5,143.8,146.3,158.4,205.5。MS(EI70 eV)m/z (相对强度):220(100)[M+],207(55),194(19),178(60),144(10)。
6-甲基-4-(S)-苯基苯并二氢吡喃-2-酮
于0℃将5-甲基-3-(S)-苯基-二氢茚-1-酮(400mg,1.8mmol)和mCPBA(98%,485mg,2.8mmol)悬于无水CH2Cl2(6ml)中,之后悬浮在TsOH∶H20(20mg)中。反应于4℃维持48小时。混合物用10ml CH2Cl2稀释,并用2×10ml饱和Na2SO3、饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。通过用乙酸乙酯∶戊烷10∶90洗脱的快速色谱,给出390mg(90%)标题化合物。Rf0.83(乙酸乙酯∶戊烷20∶80)(ChiralCel OD-H)0.5mL/分钟己烷/异丙醇95/5(S)-异构体15.18分钟,(R)-异构体17.42分钟,89%ee。IR(净cm-1):2900,2360,1769,1495,1208,1145。1H NMRδ:2.28(s,3H),3.05(m,1H),4.32(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.98(s,1H),7.04(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.11(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.19(s,1H),7.33(m,3H)13C NMR δ:20.7,37.1,40.7,116.8,125.3,127.5,127.6,128.6,129.1,129.3,134.3,140.5,149.6,167.8。MS(EI 70 eV)m/z(相对强度):238(55)[M+],220(57),195(100),181(10),165(12),152(9)。
(R)-N,N-二异丙基-3-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-3-苯基丙胺(托特罗定)
可通过用相应于如上所提及的US 5,922,914的实施例3和4的方法步骤(此处将其全部公开并入作为参考)从以上获得的6-甲基-4-(S)-苯基苯并二氢吡喃-2-酮制备托特罗定,即(i)在甲苯溶液中用二异丁基氢化铝于-20至-25℃还原内酯6-甲基-4-(S)-苯基苯并二氢吡喃-2-酮,得到其对应的羟基化合物6-甲基-4-(S)-苯基-苯并二氢吡喃-2-醇;(ii)于甲醇中通过在45-50psi的压力和48℃下与二异丙胺反应并用碳载钯进行氢化,而还原性胺化6-甲基-4-(S)-苯基-苯并二氢吡喃-2-醇,接下来过滤(solka floc),以便以基本上纯对映异构体的形式获得标题化合物(托特罗定)。

Claims (11)

1.对映异构体选择性制备通式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其盐的方法:
其中R1、R2和R3相互独立地为氢、甲基、甲氧基、羟基、羟甲基、氨甲酰基、氨磺酰基或卤素,R4和R5相互独立地为C1-6-烷基,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)对映异构体选择性还原式(II)化合物的羰基官能团,
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上,以形成富含对映异构体的式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
b)将式(IIIa)或(IIIb)化合物进行σ迁移重排以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
c)将式(IVa)或(IVb)化合物进行拜尔-维利格氧化以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(Va)或(Vb)化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3的定义如上;
d)转化式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物;以及
e)任选地将式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物转化为其盐。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤d)包括:
d1)将式(Va)或(Vb)化合物与通式(VI)的胺反应,
其中R4和R5同权利要求1的定义,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5的定义如上;以及
d2)还原式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物的羰基官能团,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中在一步反应中同时进行步骤d1)和d2)。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤d)包括:
d1′)还原式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3如权利要求1中所定义的;以及
d2′)用式(VI)的胺还原性胺化式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
5.对映异构体选择性制备通式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物或其盐的方法:
其中R1、R2和R3相互独立地为氢、甲基、甲氧基、羟基、羟甲基、氨甲酰基、氨磺酰基或卤素,R4和R5相互独立地为C1-6-烷基,该方法包括以下步骤:
d)转化式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物:
以及
e)任选地将式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物转化为其盐。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中步骤d)包括:
d1)将式(Va)或(Vb)化合物与通式(VI)的胺反应,
其中R4和R5同权利要求1的定义,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5的定义如上;以及
d2)还原式(VIIa)或(VIIb)化合物的羰基官能团,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中在一步反应中同时进行步骤d1)和d2)。
8.根据权利要求5的方法,其中步骤d)包括:
d1′)还原式(Va)或(Vb)化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的通式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3如权利要求1中所定义的;以及
d2′)用式(VI)的胺还原性胺化式(VIIIa)或(VIIIb)的羟基化合物,以形成对应的富含对映异构体的式(Ia)或(Ib)化合物。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任意一项的方法,其中在第5位上的R1为甲基或羟甲基,R2和R3为氢,R4和R5均为异丙基。
10.根据权利要求1至4和5至9中任意一项的方法,其中制备的是托特罗定。
11.如权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的式(IVa)、(IVb)、(Va)和(Vb)的化合物,其中在第5位上的R1为甲基或羟甲基,R2和R3为氢。
HK03104266.6A 1999-12-30 2000-12-22 制备托特罗定及其类似物的方法以及在该方法中制备的中间体 HK1052000B (zh)

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SE9904850A SE9904850D0 (sv) 1999-12-30 1999-12-30 Novel process and intermediates
PCT/SE2000/002662 WO2001049649A1 (en) 1999-12-30 2000-12-22 Process of preparing tolterodine and analogues there of as well as intermediates prepared in the process

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