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GB2443272A - Hybrid vehicle with detachable charging module - Google Patents

Hybrid vehicle with detachable charging module Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2443272A
GB2443272A GB0702389A GB0702389A GB2443272A GB 2443272 A GB2443272 A GB 2443272A GB 0702389 A GB0702389 A GB 0702389A GB 0702389 A GB0702389 A GB 0702389A GB 2443272 A GB2443272 A GB 2443272A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vehicle
hybrid electric
electric vehicle
battery
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0702389A
Other versions
GB0702389D0 (en
GB2443272B (en
Inventor
Alister George Hanna
Robert Brayshaw
Ivan Stewart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WRIGHTBUS Ltd
Original Assignee
WRIGHTBUS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WRIGHTBUS Ltd filed Critical WRIGHTBUS Ltd
Publication of GB0702389D0 publication Critical patent/GB0702389D0/en
Publication of GB2443272A publication Critical patent/GB2443272A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2443272B publication Critical patent/GB2443272B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/10—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units providing for ready detachment of engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D31/00—Superstructures for passenger vehicles
    • B62D31/02—Superstructures for passenger vehicles for carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. omnibus
    • B62D31/025—Superstructures for passenger vehicles for carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. omnibus having modular sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D47/00—Motor vehicles or trailers predominantly for carrying passengers
    • B62D47/02—Motor vehicles or trailers predominantly for carrying passengers for large numbers of passengers, e.g. omnibus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D63/00—Motor vehicles or trailers not otherwise provided for
    • B62D63/02—Motor vehicles
    • B62D63/025—Modular vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/04—Joining preassembled modular units composed of sub-units performing diverse functions, e.g. engine and bonnet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/18—Buses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/40—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for related to technical updates when adding new parts or software
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A hybrid electric vehicle such as a bus comprises at least one electric motor 40, 42 arranged to drive the vehicle, and at least two demountable modules. A first removable module 30 comprises one or more batteries for storing and providing electrical energy for powering the electric motors 40, 42 and a second removable module 50 comprises a charging unit which may include a diesel engine 52 and an electrical generator 54 for charging the batteries. A cooling module 60 and an ancillary drive module 70 including compressors 72, 74 may be provided. Modules may be provided in a sub-frame 20, which includes docking openings (124-126, 128 see fig 7) and which may be received by a modified rear chassis portion 10 of the vehicle. Independently demountable modules 30, 50 facilitate servicing and replacement.

Description

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle The present invention relates to a hybrid
electric vehicle, and in particular to a hybrid electric vehicle having at least one electric motor for driving the vehicle, one or more batteries for powering the at least one electric motor and a charging unit, such as an internal combustion engine, for charging the one or more batteries, and more particularly to a hybrid electric passenger service vehicle or bus.
Urban traffic congestion and air pollution produced by vehicles is becoming an increasing concern, particularly in large cities. Public transportation, such as buses, is encouraged to reduce the number of low occupancy private vehicles on the roads and thus reduce traffic congestion and reduce air pollution.
However, most buses are powered by large diesel fuelled internal combustion engines. While considerable effort has gone into reducing noxious emissions from internal combustion engines, large capacity diesel engines still produce substantial quantities of soot and other pollutants that can have serious impact on the environment and public health, particularly in urban areas.
Electric power is a particularly favoured alternative for powering vehicles in an urban environment due to its effective zero emissions (discounting any pollution caused during the initial generation of the electrical energy).
However, relying solely on batteries for storing electrical energy severely limits the operating range of electrically powered vehicles. Furthermore, the large amount of power required to drive a large and heavy vehicle, such as a bus, makes the use of batteries alone impractical.
Therefore hybrid solutions have been developed wherein a battery powered electric motor is supplemented by a small internal combustion engine or fuel cell drivingly coupled to a generator to recharge the batteries during operation of the vehicle and also possibly selectively coupled to the driving wheels of the vehicle to provide additional drive to supplement the electric motor during certain operating conditions.
However, in order to render such hybrid electric vehicles competitive with existing diesel only powered vehicles, the manufacturing and servicing costs need to be minimised. Due to packaging constraints when converting or adapting existing vehicles to hybrid electric power, accessibility to the various systems of the power train and the batteries can be compromised, resulting in the requirement for considerable dismantling of the vehicle to gain access to components for servicing and replacement, increasing maintenance and thus operating costs and also assembly time.
According to the present invention there is provided a hybrid electric vehicle comprising:-at least one electric motor arranged to drive the vehicle, battery means comprising one or more batteries for storing and providing electrical energy for powering the at least one electric motor, and a charging unit for charging the battery means, wherein the charging unit is mounted on a first module detachably mounted on the vehicle and the battery means is mounted on a second module detachably mounted on the vehicle whereby the battery means and the power unit can be independently removed from the vehicle for servicing and/or replacement.
In a preferred embodiment the charging unit comprises an internal combustion engine drivingly coupled to an electricity generator, more preferably a diesel engine, although an alternative source of electrical energy, such as a fuel cell, may be used.
Preferably a plurality of ancillary components and accessories are mounted on a third module detachably mounted on the vehicle, said ancillary components comprising one or more of a compressor for providing pressurised fluid to hydraulic and/or pneumatic systems of the vehicle, drive means for driving said at feast one compressor and/or other ancillary components, and control means for controlling one or more vehicle systems and/or accessories.
In one embodiment, said modules may be independently detachably mounted on a common sub-frame, said sub-frame being detachably mounted on the vehicle. The common sub-frame is preferably detachably mounted on a chassis of the vehicle, preferably on a rear portion of the chassis, more preferably behind the rearmost wheels of the vehicle.
Therefore, during manufacture of the vehicle the components of the power train can be assembled separately on the sub-frame and then coupled with the vehicle body and chassis in a single operation.
In a preferred embodiment, said sub-frame comprises a plurality of rearwardly facing docking openings or apertures, each docking opening being adapted to receive a respective one of said modules Preferably each docking opening is provided with guide means or runners cooperating with corresponding formations provided on the sides or and/or base of the respective module whereby the respective module may be independently slid in and out its respective docking opening.
Preferably the battery means includes cooling means for cooling the one or more batteries. In one embodiment, the cooling means comprises at least one housing within which the batteries are mounted, said housing having at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet, means being provided for passing air through the housing from the at least one air inlet to the at least one air outlet to cool the batteries contained therein.
Preferably the battery means comprises a plurality of battery packs, each battery back comprising a housing having a plurality of individual batteries mounted therein, said plurality of battery packs being separately demountable from one another. Preferably the housing of each battery pack having at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet whereby air can be passed through the housing from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet to cool the batteries contained therein. Preferably a cooling plenum is provided for abutting against the plurality of battery packs, said cooling plenum including a fan for passing air into the plenum and a plurality of air outlets for passing air into each of the plurality of battery packs.
Preferably each battery pack includes a connection module to which each individual battery of the respective battery pack is connected, to facilitate separation of the battery packs from one another. Preferably, each connection module includes current protection means, such as one or more fuses or other isolator devices.
Preferably the vehicle is a bus.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig I is a perspective view of the rear section of a hybrid electric bus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the body of the bus being omitted for clarity; Fig 2 is a further perspective view of the rear section of the bus of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a further perspective view of the rear section of the bus of Fig 1; Fig 4 is a perspective view of the rear section of the bus of Fig I with the sub-frame detached; U..... * *
* Fig 5 is a further perspective view of the rear section of the bus of Fig I : with the sub-frame detached; and Fig 6 is an exploded view of the rear section of the bus of Fig I; Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the rear section of a hybrid electric bus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the body of the bus being omitted for clarity; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the battery module of the bus of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a further perspective view of the battery module of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a further perspective view of the battery module of Fig. 8 with the cooling plenum spaced from the battery module; and Fig. 11 is an exploded view of the battery module of Fig. 8.
A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. I to 6. The rear section 10 of the chassis of the bus is conventional and similar to known diesel engined vehicles, other than modification of the rear section of the chassis to receive a sub-frame 20 carrying the components of the hybrid electric power train, namely a battery module 30 comprising an array of interconnected batteries, a pair of electric motors 40,42 adapted to be coupled to the rear axle 12 of the bus to drive the rear wheels 14 thereof, a charging module 50 comprising a relatively small displacement (compared to the engine of a traditional diesel powered bus) diesel engine S..
52 drivingly coupled to a generator 54, a cooling module 60 for cooling the * diesel engine, and an ancillary module 70. *.*** * I
S.....
* 1 The ancillary module 70 includes a first compressor 72 for compressing ::::. hydraulic fluid for steering and other hydraulic subsystems of the bus, a *:. 15 second compressor 74 for compressing air for pneumatic subsystems of the bus, an electric drive motor 76 for driving said first and second compressors, and other ancillary components, such as an alternator 78 for providing a low voltage electric supply for vehicle systems and/or control means for controlling the electric motors, diesel engine, generator and other vehicle subsystems. The drive motor has a double ended output shaft, one end drivingly connected to the compressors 72,74 by way of an endless belt, chain or gears, and the other end drivingly connected to the alternator 78 and possibly other ancillary components, to provide a compact arrangement requiring only one drive means for a plurality of ancillary components. Any sensitive components may be mounted on the ancillary module by vibration isolating mounting means, such as rubber bushes, to protect the components from damage due to vibration.
Similarly, sensitive components of any of the other modules may be mounted to the respective module by vibration isolating mounting means.
By mounting the power train and ancillary components of the bus on a separable sub-frame 20, such components can be assembled on the sub-frame 20 remote from the vehicle and can be attached to the vehicle chassis 10 in a single step, greatly facilitating manufacture of the vehicle.
As illustrated in Fig 6, the battery module 30, the charging module 50 and the ancillary module 70 are independently detachably mounted on the sub-frame, each module 30,50,70 being separately removable from the sub-frame for servicing and/or replacement.
The sub-frame 20 comprises a lower frame section 21 having mounting means for mounting thereon the electric motors 40,42 to permit the electric motors to be coupled to a drive shaft coupled to the rear axle 12 of the vehicle to thereby drive the vehicle. A series of vertical struts 22 connect the lower frame section 21 to an upper frame section 23 to define a series of parallel rearwardly facing docking openings 24,25,26, each docking opening 24,25,26 being adapted to receive a respective demountable module 30,50,70.
Each module 30,50,70 comprises a support frame 90,92,94 upon which is mounted the respective components of that module (i.e. the batteries, the charging unit or the ancillary components respectively). Each module 30,50,70 is adapted to be slidably insertable into and removable from a respective docking opening 24,25,26 such that each module can be independently slid out of and removed from its respective docking opening 24,25,26 for servicing and/or replacement and to provide access to other components to the vehicle. To achieve this, guide runners 80 are defined by parallel lower side regions of each docking opening 24,2526 upon which are slidably received lower guide rails 82,84,86 of the support frame 90,92,94 of the respective module 30,50,70.
The battery module 30 comprises a series of stacked battery packs 32,34,36, each comprises a housing having a plurality of individual batteries mounted therein, the stacked battery packs 32,34,36 being releasably attached and connectable to one another to permit them to be readily separated for easy repair and/or replacement of individual batteries. Each battery pack housing may be provided with cooling apertures to allow the passage of cooling air therethrough. Where thermal convection is insufficient to provide the required cooling, a cooling fan may be provided to force air through the respective housings.
The cooling module 60, comprising a heat exchanger 62 havIng a plurality of electric cooling fans 64 mounted thereon, and associated coolant delivery and discharge hoses 66,68, is mountable on a side region 28 of the sub-frame 20. The cooling module is adapted to cool the diesel engine. The cooling module may include a further heat exchanger to provide liquid cooling for the electric motors 40, 42 and motor controller.
Alternatively a cooling module may be provided for cooling the motors 40,42 and motor controller.
The sub-frame arrangement descnbed above may be particularly suited to larger vehicles, such as double deck buses, and can be readily utilised to adapt existing vehicles to hybrid operation. As discussed above, the modular nature of the system and the provision of a separable sub-frame 20 onto which the remainder of the drive components can be connected enables the drive train to be assembles separately from the vehicle and attached to the vehicle in a single step, facilitating manufacture of the vehicle as well as subsequent maintenance of the vehicle.
A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 7 to 11.
The second embodiment is similar to the first in so far as the components of the hybrid electric power train, namely the battery module 130, charging module 150, cooling module 160, ancillary components 140, and motor :... controller 200 are provided on independently separable units that can be independently removed from the vehicle to facilitate manufacture and servicing. However, in the second embodiment, the separable units are * mounted directly into docking openings 124, 125, 126, 128 in a modified ****** * vehicle frame 100 rather than in a separable sub-frame. Such ::. arrangement is more compact than that of the first embodiment and thus *:. 15 more suitable for a smaller vehicle, such as a single deck bus.
The battery module 130 comprises a number of separable battery packs 132, each having mounted therein a plurality of batteries 134. The batteries are seated in recesses in the base of each battery pack and held in place by fastening or clamp means. Each battery pack 132 comprising a housing having air inlets 133 on one side and air outlets 135 on an opposite side whereby air can be passed through the housing to cool the batteries 134, while at the same time the batteries 134 are protected from the environment and from damage. In the drawings, the battery pack lids, closing the upper face of the uppermost battery packs, are omitted for clarity.
An air plenum 136 having at least one cooling fan 137 is mounted on the vehicle frame at the rear of a docking opening 124 for the battery module 130, whereby the battery module 130 abuts against the air plenum 136 with the air inlets 133 of each battery pack in communication with the air plenum 136 whereby a flow of cooling air can be blown through the battery packs 132 by means of the cooling fan 137.
An electrical connection module 138 is provided on an exterior face of each battery pack 132 for providing electrical connection between the battery packs. The connection module also includes fuses for protecting the batteries therein and other electrical equipment from damage due to excessive current.
The charging module 150 comprises a small (compared to a typical diesel powered bus) diesel engine 152 drivingly coupled to a generator 154.
A motor controller 180 is arranged to be detachably inserted into a docking opening 182 behind the battery module 130.
The cooling module 160 comprises a first heat exchanger 162 for cooling the diesel engine 152 and a second heat exchanger 166 and associated cooling fans 168 for cooling the electric motors and motor controller 200.
Modifications and improvements may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (18)

  1. Claims 1. A hybrid electric vehicle comprising at least one electric
    motor arranged to drive the vehicle, battery means comprising one or more batteries for storing and providing electrical energy for powering the at least one electric motor and a charging unit for charging the battery means, wherein the charging unit is mounted on a first demountable module detachably mounted on the vehicle and the battery means is mounted on a second demountable module detachably mounted on the vehicle whereby the battery means and the power unit can be independently removed from the vehicle for servicing and/or replacement.
  2. 2. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging unit comprises an internal combustion engine drivingly coupled to an electricity generator.
  3. 3. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a plurality of ancillary components and accessories are mounted on a third demountable module detachably mounted on the vehicle, said ancillary components comprising one or more of a compressor for providing pressurised fluid to hydraulic and/or pneumatic systems of the vehicle, drive means for driving said at least one compressor and/or other ancillary components, and control means for controlling one or more vehicle systems and/or accessories. S... * 25
    555.55 *
  4. 4. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein 5**5 said modules are independently detachably mounted on a common : subframe, said subframe being detachably mounted on the vehicle.
  5. 5. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the common subframe is detachably mounted on a chassis of the vehicle.
  6. 6. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the subframe is mounted on a rear portion of the chassis.
  7. 7. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the subframe is mounted behind the rearmost wheels of the vehicle.
  8. 8. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any of claims 4 to 7, wherein said subframe comprises a plurality of rearwardly facing docking openings or apertures, each docking opening being adapted to receive a respective one of said modules.
  9. 9. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 8 wherein each docking opening is provided with guide means or runners cooperating with corresponding formations provided on the sides or and/or base of the respective module whereby the respective module may be independently slid in and out its respective docking opening.
  10. 10. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the battery means includes cooling means for cooling the one or more batteries. * * ***.
    :4 25
  11. 11. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cooling means comprises at least one housing within which the batteries are **** mounted, said housing having at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet, means being provided for passing air through the housing from the at least one air inlet to the at least one air outlet to cool the batteries contained therein. (4
  12. 12. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the battery means comprises a plurality of battery packs, each battery back comprising a housing having a plurality of individual batteries mounted therein, said plurality of battery packs being separately demountable from one another.
  13. 13. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 12, wherein the housing of each battery pack comprises at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet whereby air can be passed through the housing from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet to cool the batteries contained therein.
  14. 14. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 13, wherein a cooling plenum is provided for abutting against the plurality of battery packs, said cooling plenum including a fan for passing air into the plenum and a plurality of air outlets for passing air into each of the plurality of battery packs.
  15. 15. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any of claims 12 to 14, wherein each battery pack includes a connection module to which each :..:: individual battery of the respective battery pack is connected, to facilitate separation of the battery packs from one another. * S *5SS
  16. 16. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in claim 15, wherein each connection module includes current protection means, such as one or S...
    : more fuses or other isolator devices. * S. S *S
  17. 17. A hybrid electric vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the vehicle is a bus.
    S
  18. 18. A hybrid electric vehicle substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. * *** **** * * S... * S S...
    S * S S... .5. *S S * ** * IS
GB0702389A 2006-10-26 2007-02-08 A hybrid electric vehicle Expired - Fee Related GB2443272B (en)

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GB2443272B (en) 2011-01-19
GB0621306D0 (en) 2006-12-06

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