GB2395690A - Improving the strength of marine vessels - Google Patents
Improving the strength of marine vessels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2395690A GB2395690A GB0228083A GB0228083A GB2395690A GB 2395690 A GB2395690 A GB 2395690A GB 0228083 A GB0228083 A GB 0228083A GB 0228083 A GB0228083 A GB 0228083A GB 2395690 A GB2395690 A GB 2395690A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- void
- concrete
- corrugated
- existing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B83/00—Rebuilding or retrofitting vessels, e.g. retrofitting ballast water treatment systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/16—Shells
- B63B3/20—Shells of double type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/56—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B83/00—Rebuilding or retrofitting vessels, e.g. retrofitting ballast water treatment systems
- B63B83/10—Rebuilding or retrofitting vessels, e.g. retrofitting ballast water treatment systems for increasing cargo capacity
-
- B63B9/04—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
- B63B2231/60—Concretes
- B63B2231/62—Lightweight concretes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
- B63B5/14—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of concrete, e.g. reinforced
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
- E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
- E04C2002/3455—Corrugated sheets with trapezoidal corrugations
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
A method of improving the carrying capacity of existing marine vessels and structures comprises attaching at least one plate element 2 to the existing structure 1 to form a void 4, filling the void with lightweight concrete 3, which is preferably less than 1200kg/m<3>, and letting the concrete cure. Plate elements may be attached to both sides of the existing structure which may be corrugated, the plate elements covering at least one groove (6, Fig 2) of the corrugated plate. The plate elements may be welded to modified stiffener means (15, Fig 3) of the existing structure.
Description
A method for improving the strength and carrying capacity of existing
stiffened plate structures, corrugated structures and structures in general in marine vessels I'he present invention is related to a method for improving the strength and carrying 5 capacity of existing stiffened plate structures, corrugated structures and structures in general in marine vessels.
The content of the co-pending patent application GB 2002 XXXX, is by this included by reference.
Vast operational experience from the world's bulk carrier fleet indicates that 10 corrugated bulkheads may be a weak link in the overall safety performance of bulk ships. There have been many cases with loss of older ships in which it has been suspected that the bulkheads have collapsed after water ingress into cargo holds leading to rapid bulkhead failure and sinking of the ship. It is thus of great importance to be able to provide efficient and cost-effective ways of strengthening 15 existing bulk ships as well as other types of merchant vessels The aim of the invention is to achieve a method to improve the carrying capacities of existing structures in various forms of constructions. One example of a construction is a marine vessel or ship consisting of an outer hull-, bulkheads- and deck-structure. Another aim is to achieve a strengthened corrugated plate and a 20 strengthened bulkhead.
These aims are achieved with the invention as defined in the following claims.
The invention comprises a method for improving carrying capacity of existing structures. With existing structures is it meant structures already used in constructions like ships or vessels, for instance hulls, decks or bulkheads or other 25 structures like stift'ened plates used in construction where the carrying capacity of the structure used should be improved. With existing structures one also considers ready manufactured structures like plates not yet used in a construction, but which structures should get improved carrying capacity before they are used in a construction. The improved carrying capacity includes several functions, as for 30 instance general strength, improved capacity to withstand transverse pressure or point loads, high stiffness etc. The concrete used to fill the void created by attaching another plate-element to the existing structure is a concrete with sufficient strength and appropriate density. For weight sensitive structures like ships it may be advantageous to use specially developed concretes that are significantly lighter than 35 both normal concretes and light weight concretes. Normal concretes have density 2300 to 2500 kg/m3 whereas light weight concretes used for instance in offshore constructions in the North Sea often have a density of about 1900 kg/m3.
When an existing structure in a construction is improved according to the invention other parts of the construction like a void formed with a box girder, support stool, knee bracing or similar may also be improved in relation to carrying capacity to give the construction an overall improved performance.
5 To make sure that the void created by attaching the plate-element is filled totally with concrete, the concrete is filled through one or several access to the void and one or several apertures are present in the proximity of the vertical highest portion of the void. By filling the void until concrete is present in the aperture(s) in the proximity of the vertical highest portion one can with high certainty say that the 10 void is evacuated for air and fully filled with concrete. The apertures to the void may be made after the plate-element is attached to the existing structure or as a consequence of the attaching of the plate-element or it may be a predrilled hole in the plate-element or existing structure.
Depending on the use and form of the existing structure, other plateelements may 15 be attached to either one or both sides of the plate.
The existing structure may be a stiffened structure and the voids created by attaching plate-elements may be of several forms for instance longitudinal in one or several directions. The existing structure may also be corrugated, having alternating mainly parallel ridges and grooves. The ridges and grooves may be formed with 20 sharp angles, rounded bends or more quadrangular forms when looking at the existing structure at a cross-section. There is also the possibility that only a part of the existing structure is corrugated. Another option is that the stiffeners or grooves in the longitudinal direction only run over a part of the existing structure. This may for instance be the case for a bulkhead, where the transitional top and bottom parts 25 of the bulkhead is made as a so-called stool structure with an internal void running mainly parallel with the bulkhead and the hull or deck, whereas the middle part is a corrugated plate structure with grooves running in a mainly vertical direction.
For an existing corrugated structure one possibility for improving the carrying capacity is to make a plate-element cover one groove and to weld this plate-element 30 to the ridges of the existing corrugated structure. By doing this for all grooves on one side one achieves a smooth surface. First of all, this increases the transverse strength as well as inplane stiffness for horizontal and shear loads. Moreover the smooth surface is favourable in the cases where the existing structures surface is supposed to be cleaned at regular intervals. This is typically the case of bulkheads 35 forming cargo holds in a vessel. By having smooth sides the hold may be cleaned efficiently. In some cases such a strengthened hold may even be used both for cargo and for ballast water. In most cases, however, the main benefit by the current invention is that strength and safety become greatly improved thereby facilitating
satisfaction of formal safety requirements and possibly also extending the life time of the structure.
If the existing structure is a typical stiffened plate structure rather than a corrugated plate, one can achieve a void to be filled with concrete in several ways. One 5 possibility to form such a void is to attach a plate-element to the web or flanges of the adjacent stiffeners or girders. The void is thus formed between the existing, primary plate structure and the attached plate-element. The plate-element may have a different thickness than the existing plate structure. The function of the added plate-element is to keep the later injected concrete in place, to provide additional 10 strength, to serve as a protection of the concrete, to provide a smoother surface in relation to the existing stiffened plate structure, etc. The plate-element does not have to be fully parallel to the existing plate structure, and it may also in some cases be curved or concave.
Since the strength and carrying capacity is improved with the invention the stiffener 15 means may not be fully necessary any more and may therefore be partly removed so that they no longer protrude outside the attached plate-elements. [his removal may be done after but preferably before or as a part of the attaching of the plate-elements to the stiffener means, so as to form a smoother surface of the cargo hold or compartment. 20 The invention also includes an improved corrugated plate with, on one or both sides at least one plate-element attached, by welding or fastened in another way, to the ridges of the corrugated plate so that the plate-element covers at least one groove and forms a void. This void is filled with concrete with density significantly less than that of normal concrete, preferably less than about 1200 kg/m3. By doing this 25 to all the grooves on one side a smooth surface of the originally corrugated structure is created. This may be favourable for instance for corrugated structures used in bulkheads, since cargo holds should be emptied in a best possible manner and may have to be cleaned very well since different cargos should be transported in the same hold.
30 The invention also covers structures in vessels like for instance bulkheads, side walls, bottom structures etc with improved strength and carrying capacity made according to the method for improving existing structures.
In the following the invention will be explained with embodiments with reference to the figures where: 35 Fig. I shows a perspective view of a part of a bulkhead improved in accordance with the invention, Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a part of an improved corrugated plate,
Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a part of an improved structure with stiffening means. Fig. I shows a simplified, perspective view of a cutout section of a ship consisting of, in parts, a bulkhead 1, a lower stool 14 for the bulkhead, a bottom plate 13, and 5 a ship side 12. The bulkhead is made of a trapezoidal type corrugated plate 1 which is welded to the lower support stool 14 which in turn connects the bulkhead with the ship bottom structure 13.
The corrugated plating of the bulkhead is strengthened by attaching new plate elements 2 to the existing structure for forming voids 4. The thickness of the added 10 plates 2 may be less than the thickness of the corrugated plate. The voids 4 are filled with concrete 3. In addition the void 4b in the bulkhead stool 14 is filled with concrete 3. This is to give the overall bulkhead structure matching stiffness and strength properties throughout.
A cross-section of a part of a corrugated plate improved in accordance with the 15 invention is shown in Fig. 2. The corrugated plate forming the existing structure 1 has grooves 6 and ridges 7. The plate-elements 2 are attached or welded to the ridges 7 on both sides of the existing structure and thereby forming smooth surfaces on both sides of the corrugated plate. The voids 4 are filled with concrete 3.
Constructions like ships and marine structures are to a large degree formed with 20 stiffened plate structures. The invention may be utilised for these constructions as well. The existing structure comprises in these cases, as shown in a cross-section in Fig. 3, of a plate 16 and stiffener means l 5. The stiffener means 15 may for instance be bulb profile stiffeners or plate girders. The plate-elements 2 are attached to the stiffener means to torm voids 4. The voids 4 are then filled with concrete 3. The 25 parts of the stiffener means 15 that protrudes outside the layer of attached plate elements 2 may be removed if the remaining strength is sufficient, as indicated for two of the stiffeners means 15 by dotted lines in Fig. 3. This removal may be done either before or after the plate-elements 2 are attached. The removal of the parts of the stiffener means 15 results in a smooth surface, where it before the improvement 30 with the present invention were many protruding stiffeners and corners.
The present invention is now explained with examples, but several amendments and changes can be done within the scope of the inventions as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. Method for improving carrying capacity of existing structures, with the following steps: - attaching at least one other plate-element to the existing structure to form a 5 void, filling the void with concrete with density significantly less than that of normal concrete, preferably less than about 1200 kg/m3 to the void, and - letting the concrete cure.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein other voids in the existing structure is 10 filled with concrete, with a density significantly less than that of normal concrete, preferably less than about 1200 kg/m3 to the voids.
3. Method according to claim I or 2, wherein - making before adding the concrete at least one aperture in the proximity of the vertical highest portion of the void to facilitate evacuation of air and for 15 determining when the void has been fully grouted, - adding concrete to the void through at leas one other access to the void.
4. Method according to claim I or 3, wherein plate elements are attached to both sides of the existing structure to form voids.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the existing 20 structure is a corrugated structure having alternating mainly parallel ridges and grooves and the at least one other plate-element is attached such that it covers at least one groove in the corrugated plate and thereby forms at least one void.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plateelement covering a groove in the corrugated existing structure is attached by welding or 25 other ways of attaching the sides of the plate- elements to the ridges in the corrugated existing structure.
7. Method according to one of the claims 1-3, wherein the voids are formed by plate-elements attached to stiffener means being parts of the existing structure.
8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the stiffener means are modified before 30 or after plate-elements are attached to them to form voids.
9. Improved corrugated structure with alternating mainly parallel ridges and grooves, wherein it comprises on one or both sides at least one plateelement, attached to the corrugates plate so that the plate element covers at least one groove
and forms a void, which void is filled with a concrete with a density significantly less than that of normal concrete, preferably less than about 1200 kg/m3.
10. Improved corrugated structure according to claim 9, wherein all grooves on at least one side are covered by plate-elements, thereby forming a smooth surface.
5] 1. Structures in ships or vessels like for instance bulkheads, side walls, bottom structures etc with improved strength and carrying capacity made according to the method described in one of the claims 1-.
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0228083A GB2395690B (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | A method for improving the strength and carrying capacity of existing stiffened plate structures, corrugated structures and structures in general |
| PCT/NO2003/000401 WO2004050468A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| EP03812393A EP1578660B1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| DE60329784T DE60329784D1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | SHIP CONSTRUCTIONS AND CONSTRUCTIONS IN WATER VEHICLES |
| CNA2003801093802A CN1745015A (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| AU2003302662A AU2003302662A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| AT03812393T ATE446242T1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | SHIP CONSTRUCTIONS AND WATERCRAFT CONSTRUCTIONS |
| HK06103070.1A HK1083088B (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| KR1020057009773A KR20050084055A (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| JP2004556997A JP2006507984A (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Ship structure and ship structure |
| US10/536,864 US20060162279A1 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2003-12-01 | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels |
| NO20053198A NO20053198D0 (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2005-06-30 | Vessel structures and structures for use in marine vessels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0228083A GB2395690B (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | A method for improving the strength and carrying capacity of existing stiffened plate structures, corrugated structures and structures in general |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0228083D0 GB0228083D0 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| GB2395690A true GB2395690A (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| GB2395690B GB2395690B (en) | 2006-04-05 |
Family
ID=9948925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0228083A Expired - Fee Related GB2395690B (en) | 2002-11-30 | 2002-11-30 | A method for improving the strength and carrying capacity of existing stiffened plate structures, corrugated structures and structures in general |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2395690B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006058550A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Fritz Hakemann | Laminated panel |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116946301A (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-10-27 | 广州船舶及海洋工程设计研究院(中国船舶集团有限公司第六〇五研究院) | Planar plate frame structure of marine groove type bulkhead |
| CN119872758A (en) * | 2025-02-14 | 2025-04-25 | 广船国际有限公司 | Bottom stool reinforcing structure and ship thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125977A (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1978-11-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Internally composite cellular section and composite slab assembled therefrom |
| US6009821A (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Double bottom hull for tank ship |
| FR2782695A1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-03 | Pierre Yves Jorcin | Method to produce floating structures, useful as industrial or oil production platforms, barges, boats, decks, wharves or buoys involves filling hull or shell with cast light concrete |
-
2002
- 2002-11-30 GB GB0228083A patent/GB2395690B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125977A (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1978-11-21 | H. H. Robertson Company | Internally composite cellular section and composite slab assembled therefrom |
| US6009821A (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Double bottom hull for tank ship |
| FR2782695A1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-03 | Pierre Yves Jorcin | Method to produce floating structures, useful as industrial or oil production platforms, barges, boats, decks, wharves or buoys involves filling hull or shell with cast light concrete |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006058550A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Fritz Hakemann | Laminated panel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2395690B (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| GB0228083D0 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU700992B2 (en) | Tanker reconstruction | |
| CN210212712U (en) | Horizontal bulkhead structure of LNG ship cargo hold | |
| KR20050084055A (en) | Vessel structures and structures in marine vessels | |
| EP0619222A2 (en) | Self-standing liquefied gas storage tank and liquefied gas carrier ship therefor | |
| US6170420B1 (en) | Rebuilt double hull vessel and method of rebuilding a single hull vessel into a double hull vessel | |
| RU2096241C1 (en) | Ship's bottom floor | |
| JPS60268B2 (en) | Vessels with vertical cylindrical walls | |
| KR20100092876A (en) | Vessel | |
| CN114845929A (en) | Hull structure | |
| EP0194531A1 (en) | Ship with monocoque hull made of plastic-based composite material | |
| GB2395690A (en) | Improving the strength of marine vessels | |
| KR102674450B1 (en) | Liquid Dome Connection Structure of Liquefied Gas Cargo Hold | |
| EP0830280B1 (en) | Hollow concrete-walled structure for marine use | |
| NO169162B (en) | CATAMARAN TYPE SURFACE VESSEL | |
| KR100516948B1 (en) | Double hull structure | |
| KR100516947B1 (en) | Double hull structure | |
| GB2399544A (en) | Profiled hatch cover | |
| BG62606B1 (en) | MARINE TRANSPORTATION AND OPERATIONS SYSTEM | |
| KR200224503Y1 (en) | Hull Construction of a Cotainer Ship | |
| JPS6018483A (en) | How to convert two tankers into floating docks | |
| Palippui | Selection Of Profiles In Midship Vessel Structure Operating The Regulations Of The Indonesian Classification Bureau | |
| Holms | Practical Shipbuilding: A Treatise on the Structural Design and Building of Modern Steel Vessels; the Work of Construction, from the Making of the Raw Material to the Equipped Vessel, Including Subsequent Up-keep and Repairs | |
| JPS6124693A (en) | Preventive device against floating of independent tank in hold | |
| KR20250180130A (en) | Container Fixing Device and Container Carrier having the same | |
| CN116395083A (en) | Lashing bridge structure for container ship and ship |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20101130 |
|
| S73 | Revocation on comptroller's initiative (section 73/patents act 1977) |
Free format text: PATENT REVOKED; PATENT REVOKED UNDER SECTION 73(2) ON 13 DECEMBER 2013 |