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GB2119710A - Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles - Google Patents

Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2119710A
GB2119710A GB08312252A GB8312252A GB2119710A GB 2119710 A GB2119710 A GB 2119710A GB 08312252 A GB08312252 A GB 08312252A GB 8312252 A GB8312252 A GB 8312252A GB 2119710 A GB2119710 A GB 2119710A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
thermoplastics
thermoplastics material
composite
electrically resistive
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08312252A
Other versions
GB8312252D0 (en
Inventor
Thomas Glenville Doe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB08312252A priority Critical patent/GB2119710A/en
Publication of GB8312252D0 publication Critical patent/GB8312252D0/en
Publication of GB2119710A publication Critical patent/GB2119710A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • B29C66/30341—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C2035/0211—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/685—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by laminating inserts between two plastic films or plates
    • B29C70/687—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by laminating inserts between two plastic films or plates the inserts being oriented, e.g. nets or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2071/00—Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

A method of introducing heat to a thermoplastics material comprises placing in intimate thermal contact with the material one or more electrically resistive members (e.g. a woven stainless steel mesh), connecting the member to an electrical power source and passing current therethrough at a rate and for a time to melt the thermoplastics material, and holding the thermoplastics material under pressure whilst it resolidifies to the desired shape. The thermoplastics material is preferably in the form of sheets and may be provided with interlayers of fibre reinforcement which reinforcement may be pre- impregnated with thermoplastics material. Various arrangements are described enabling the manufacture for example of continuous lengths of fibre reinforced laminate material, and the joining of different parts of a composite article.

Description

SPECIFICATION Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles The invention concerns the production of thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles. The invention is particularly concerned with polyethersulphone (P.E.S.) laminates incorporating fibre reinforcing material, and blown foams; but is also applicable to other thermoplastic materials requiring the application of heat thereto for their production, formation or jointing.
One known method of producing thermoplastics material laminates provides that the material is first compressed between heated platens or rollers and then cooled. An alternative proposal provides that an external source of heat (for example infra-red heaters) is used to heat the material before it is compressed. Both the known methods are subject to high heat loss during material processing and the cycling time is lengthy, not least due to the relatively massive tooling required.
The joining of lengths of thermoplastics materials or parts of articles made therefrom has until now been effected by bonding techniques, using suitable adhesives or hot plate welding. All the known methods of joining thermoplastics materials lengths or parts are limited in application.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of introducing heat to a thermoplastics material comprising placing in intimate thermal contact with that material one or more electrically resistive members and passing through the or each such member a current to cause the member to heat and heat the thermoplastics material in intimate contact therewith to the extent that that thermoplastics material melts.
A second aspect of the invention provides a method of making a thermoplastics material article in which one or more layers of an electrically resistive material are provided in intimate thermal contact with one or more layers of thermoplastics material to form a composition, electrical current is passed through the electrically resistive material to heat that material and to cause the thermoplastics material in intimate contact therewith to melt, and in which the composite is thereafter compressed whilst the thermoplastics material cools.
The composite may comprise a number of layers of thermoplastics material interleaved by layers of electrically resistive material, and it may be placed between the faces of a press and pressure be applied thereto whilst or after electrical current is fed to at least one of said electrically resistive material layers for a time sufficient for heat generated therein to melt the thermoplastics material in intimate contact with that layer, and after melting of the thermoplastics material has taken place the supply of electrical current to the composite is discontinued and pressure is maintained on the composite whilst the molten thermoplastics material solidifies.
The composite may be a reinforced laminate material formed continuously by feeding continuous lengths of thermoplastics material to a laying up station at which they are interleaved with transversely disposed strips of electrically resistive material to form the composite, electrical current being supplied to the electrically resistive material strips before or whilst the composite is fed through a pair of compression rollers, after passage through which the length of composite material is cooled.
The composite may comprise separate parts of a composite article, the parts of the article being joined together after clamping together with an interlayer of electrically resistive material, in which the interlayer is connected to a source of electrical current until the thermoplastics material of the parts in contact with the interlayer melt, the current source is then disconnected from the interlayer and the thermoplastics material allowed to cool.
Preferably the means clamping the parts of the composite article together act as a heat sink to prevent heating of the thermoplastics material of, the parts distant from the areas in contact with the interlayer.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of foaming a thermoplastics material within a cavity in an article comprising providing within the cavity at least one layer of electrically resistive material and a precursor material which is to be foamed, passing current through the electrically resistive material until the precursor material in the cavity foams and then discontinuing the supply of current to the electrically resistive material.
The thermoplastics material may comprise a thermoplastics material along or as a matrix reinforced with glass or other fibres.
The or each electrically resistive member preferably comprises a metal mesh, desirably a woven stainless steel mesh.
Various aspects of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which shows a number of embodiments of the invention; in which Figure 1 illustrates the formation of a composite structure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 illustrates an alternative arrangement for parts of the elements shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 illustrates the formation of a continuous composite structure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention showing atA a diagrammatic side view of plant for effecting the method and at B a sectional view drawn on the line IlIB-IlIB of A;; Figure 4 illustrates a method of joining different parts of a composite component embodying the invention showing atA a side view of apparatus for effecting the method, at B an enlarged exploded view of parts shown in A and at C an alternative form of the mesh shown in B; and Figure 5 illustrates an alternative use of the invention in the production of a blown thermoplastics foam.
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which a woven metal wire mesh 10.
preferably stainless steel, is sandwiched between two layers 11 of polyethersulphone (P.E.S.) preimpregnated woven glass or other fibre cloth and four layers 12 of P.E.S. film. In experiments we have conducted the wire mesh was preferably of .053 mm diameter and woven at approximately 8 threads per millimetre but these parameters may be varied to meet specific user requirements.
The ends of the mesh 10 are shown connected to a high current/low voltage source 13. In experiments with a mesh of the size noted above the necessary current was approx. 800 amperes per metre mesh width and the voltage needed approx. 80 volts per metre mesh length; but these figures, again may vary with the choice of mesh material, its dimensions and the application in which it is to be used.
The sandwich is laid up between two platens 14 which are shown to be flat but which may be of any required specific shape. Platens 14 may be air and/or liquid cooled via ducts 15. A rigid heat insulating (low thermal conductivity) material 16 forms an interface between the platens 14 and a pressure source 17. The electrical power source 13 is activated at a sufficient level and for a sufficient time to melt the film 12 and pressure is applied to the stack or composite to force the now molten plastics material into the interstices of the weave of the reinforcing material and heater mesh. Cooling of the stack once melting has taken place, may be either naturally or forced using air and/or liquid.
The constituents of the stack shown in Figure 1 may of course be varied both in number and position e.g. to include several layers of metal mesh and/or a layer of metal mesh on a surface of the composition as may be required if the structure is to form a radar dish. For structural stability a second layer mesh may be required on the opposite face of the laminate. Either or both surface mesh layers may be used for heating.
Several metal mesh interlayers may be incorporated in a structure to provide added penetration resistance (e.g. to shell fragments when forming an article for use on or in an aircraft, ship, land vehicle, bank security screen or the like).
Figure 2 illustrates that at least two layers 10 of metal mesh are necessary for the continuous production of a length of composite laminate formed using the method of Figure 1, each of the layers 10 being in the form of a discrete strip electrically insulated from, and overlapping strips in adjacent layers.
Figure 3 illustrates a method for the continuous production of a reinforced laminate material in which layers of plastics film 20 and reinforcing material 21 pre-impregnated with a thermoplastics material are fed continuously from rolls 20' and 21' respectively to a laying up section 22. Orthogonal or diagonal transverse strips 23 of heater mesh are laid in place at station 22, their ends being electrically isolated by heat resisting flexible tapes 24. The semi-continuous sandwich 25 in its flexible cold state is fed through a pair of compression rollers 26 approximating to that of the required finished section and incorporating roller contacts 27.
The required electrical current (which will vary depending upon the speed of passage through the plant and the size of the heater strips) is applied to the strips 23 and the thermoplastics material raised to the required process temperature.
Shaping is then effected by compression/shaping rollers 28. The composite 29 is cooled as it leaves the processing equipment by air jets 30 or liquid cooled rollers 31, and its edges are trimmed at 32.
The various rollers in the process equipment are driven synchronously and a tractor drive 33 provides the final motive power for laminate material emerging from the plant. Various pinch and/or guide rollers which serve known functions are shown at 34 but not described in detail.
Figure 4 illustrates a method of joining different, preformed, parts of a component made of fibre reinforced thermoplastics material.
The two parts 40 of the component to be joined are clamped together as shown with an interlayer 41 of woven metal mesh which may be faced with (or pre-impregnated with) a thermoplastics matrix material 42 (e.g. P.E.S.). The interlayer 41 may be pre-shaped (see Fig. 4C) and have terminal tags 43 as shown, if desired.
Current is applied to the mesh interlayer 41 for sufficient time to melt the plastics matrix 42 and surfaces of the parts 40 where they meet. Whilst melting occurs a clamping pressure is maintained on the parts 40 either manually, by a preset spring or by other preloading means to ensure close contact of the parts at interface. When the current is switched off and the join allowed to cool (either naturally or by forced cooling as required) a permanent join between the two parts 40 is obtained.
It is desirable when using this method (but not essential) that the clamping arrangement 45 provide a heat sink confining the area of heating, to the thermoplastics material melt temperature, to the specific local area which is to form the joint.
Surplus mesh material and the contact tags are removed from the joint area after the joint has been made.
Figure 5 illustrates a way of providing heat in a cavity within an article enabling a thermoplastics material to be blown therein.
The cavity 50 which is to be filled with foam is either fully or partially lined with a heater mesh 51 as it is formed (using e.g. the method described above) and the mesh 51 has contact tags 52 incorporated therein as required. The cavity 50 is formed with suitable access for venting and the insertion of sufficient foam material precursor to fill the cavity after expansion. A current (preferably thermostatically controlled via a cavity temperature sensor 53) is passed through the mesh 51 to raise the temperature in cavity 50 to a level enabling foaming of the precursor material to take place and is switched off.
It will be seen from the above description of various embodiments of the invention that the invention may be used:~ To enable heat to be introduced into a laminate stack of thermoplastics material (which may include fillers, and impregnated; unimpregnated or coated reinforcing material) to enable the laminate to be formed by compression moulding or continuous rolling without the need for an external heating of the laminate.
To introduce into (or onto) a laminate or foam, a conductive mesh screen providing electrical continuity or screening.
To introduce into (or onto) a laminated or foamed article, a surface or interlayer useable to produce a heating in operation e.g. to provide for anti-icing or other heating application of the article; combined with the high structural strength/temperature characteristics of the thermoplastics material utilized.
To introduce an additional layer or layers of high strength metallic material into generally known laminate structures so as to further improve their mechanical properties.
To provide means for readily joining different component parts of a composite fibre reinforced thermoplastics structure without the need to use conventional adhesives or an external heat source.
To provide a heat source within a cavity in a structure to enable a thermoplastics blown foam to be formed in situ.

Claims (15)

1. A method of introducing heat to a thermoplastics material comprising placing in intimate thermal contact with that material one or more electrically resistive members, connecting an electrical power source to the or each such member to pass current therethrough to cause the member to heat and heat the thermoplastics material in contact therewith such that that thermoplastics material melts.
2. A method of producing a thermoplastics material article in which one or more layers of an electrically resistive material are provided in intimate thermal contact with one or more layers of thermoplastics material to form a composite, electrical current is passed through the electrically resistive material to heat that material and to cause the thermoplastics material in contact therewith to melt, and in which the composite is thereafter compressed whilst the thermoplastics material cools.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, in which the composite comprises a number of layers of thermoplastics material interleaved by layers of electrically conductive but resistive material, the composite is placed between the faces of a press and pressure is applied thereto, electrical current is fed to at least one of said electrically resistive material layers for a time sufficient for the heat generated therein to melt the thermoplastics material in thermal contact with that layer, and after melting of the thermoplastics material has taken place the supply of electrical current to the composite is discontinued and pressure is maintained on the composite whilst the melted thermoplastics material solidifies.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2, of continuously forming a reinforced laminate material; in which layers of thermoplastics material are fed to a laying up station at which they are interleaved with transversely disposed strips of electrically resistive material to form the composite, electrical current is supplied to the electrically resistive material strips and the continuous composite is fed through a pair of compression rollers, after passage through which the continuous composite is cooled.
5. A method as claimed in claim 2, of joining parts of a thermoplastics-material composite, in which the parts of the composite are clamped together with an interlayer of electrically resistive material, electrical current is passed to the interlayer until the thermoplastics material of the parts melt after which the supply of current is discontinued and the thermoplastics material allowed to cool.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, in which the means clamping the parts of the composite together act as a heat sink preventing heating of the thermoplastics material of the parts distant from the area at which joining is to take place.
7. A method of foaming a thermoplastics material within a cavity in an article comprising providing within the cavity at least one layer of electrically resistive material and a precursor material which is to be foamed, passing current through the electrically resistive material until the precursor material in the cavity foams and then discontinuing the supply of current to the electrically resistive material.
8. A method in accordance with any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the thermoplastics material comprises a thermoplastics matrix reinforced with glass or other fibres.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the or each electrically resistive member comprises a metal mesh.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the metal mesh is woven.
11. A method according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the metal mesh is of stainless steel.
12. A method of introducing heat to a thermoplastics material according to claim 1 and substantially as herein described.
13. A method of producing a thermoplastics material article substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or 3, or 4, or 5.
14. An article produced in accordance with the method of any one of the preceding claims.
15. An article produced in accordance with claim 14 and having on at least one surface thereof a layerof woven metal mesh.
GB08312252A 1982-05-05 1983-05-05 Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles Withdrawn GB2119710A (en)

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GB08312252A GB2119710A (en) 1982-05-05 1983-05-05 Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles

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GB2119710A true GB2119710A (en) 1983-11-23

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EP0147409A4 (en) * 1983-05-06 1987-01-10 Brooks Elect Seaming Syst Pty Carpet seaming tapes.
FR2620648A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-03-24 Pascal Roger METHOD OF COLLAGE ASSEMBLY USING A RESISTIVE ELEMENT INCORPORATED IN THE GLUE
EP0281347A3 (en) * 1987-03-02 1989-10-18 The Welding Institute Bonding thermoplastic layers
WO1993019926A1 (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-14 United Technologies Corporation Heating means for thermoplastic bonding
WO1994017976A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-18 Cedal S.R.L. Process for the production of plastic laminates with metal laminae especially for printed circuits made from endless bands
WO1994023948A1 (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-27 Cedal Srl Automatic machine for assembling piles of packages, including copper laminae, to make plastic laminates from bands arranged serpentinewise
WO1994029093A1 (en) * 1993-06-15 1994-12-22 Cedal Srl Process for manufacture by endothermic heating of plastic laminates in a continuous band pressed in cycles
NL1007845C2 (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Fokker Special Products Welding element for thermoplastic parts.
EP0879725A3 (en) * 1997-05-22 1999-11-03 Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG Method of manufactoring metal-plastic composite elements
GB2493001A (en) * 2011-07-21 2013-01-23 Peter James Sajic Laminate containing heater
DE102017105185A1 (en) 2017-03-10 2018-09-13 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Automated resistance welding of three-dimensional, thermoplastic, fiber-reinforced high-performance plastics
US11148384B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2021-10-19 Cedal Equipment Co., Ltd. Thermo induction press for welding printed circuits and method carried out thereof
WO2023113629A1 (en) * 2021-12-17 2023-06-22 Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia An implant for electric resistance welding of thermoplastic composites and a method of welding by means of the implant

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GB1052923A (en) *
GB1141030A (en) * 1965-05-27 1969-01-22 Union Carbide Corp Resin mixtures
GB1307843A (en) * 1969-05-08 1973-02-21 Ici Ltd Laminates
GB1308134A (en) * 1969-05-08 1973-02-21 Ici Ltd Laminates
GB1307834A (en) * 1969-06-20 1973-02-21 English Electric Co Ltd Laminated structures
GB1326292A (en) * 1970-05-21 1973-08-08 Tosi R Method for cementing together component parts of footwear and apparatus for carrying out said method
GB1413717A (en) * 1972-10-31 1975-11-12 Gen Electric Electrical heating transparent panels
GB1499801A (en) * 1974-11-01 1978-02-01 Evode Ltd Electrically conductive adhesive tape

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0147409A4 (en) * 1983-05-06 1987-01-10 Brooks Elect Seaming Syst Pty Carpet seaming tapes.
EP0281347A3 (en) * 1987-03-02 1989-10-18 The Welding Institute Bonding thermoplastic layers
FR2620648A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-03-24 Pascal Roger METHOD OF COLLAGE ASSEMBLY USING A RESISTIVE ELEMENT INCORPORATED IN THE GLUE
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WO1994017976A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-18 Cedal S.R.L. Process for the production of plastic laminates with metal laminae especially for printed circuits made from endless bands
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