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GB1268182A - Electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Electrolytic cell

Info

Publication number
GB1268182A
GB1268182A GB53342/68A GB5334268A GB1268182A GB 1268182 A GB1268182 A GB 1268182A GB 53342/68 A GB53342/68 A GB 53342/68A GB 5334268 A GB5334268 A GB 5334268A GB 1268182 A GB1268182 A GB 1268182A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
quinones
divisions
reduced
acrylonitrile
nitro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB53342/68A
Inventor
Edward Vincent Cooke
Frank Stanley Holland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority to GB53342/68A priority Critical patent/GB1268182A/en
Priority to DE19691917438 priority patent/DE1917438A1/en
Priority to AU10112/70A priority patent/AU1011270A/en
Publication of GB1268182A publication Critical patent/GB1268182A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/50—Stacks of the plate-and-frame type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2459—Comprising electrode layers with interposed electrolyte compartment with possible electrolyte supply or circulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

1,268,182. Preparation of amino compounds, quinones and dinitrites by electrochemical method. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 17 March, 1969 [3 April, 1968; 11 Nov., 1968], Nos. 16020/68 and 53342/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Divisions C6-C7] Using an electrochemical method organic nitro-compounds may be reduced to aminocompounds, e.g. the tri-sodium salt of nitro. naphthalene sulphonic acid may be reduced to the corresponding aminonaphthalene trisulphonic acid salt; phenols may be oxidized to quinones, e.g. phenol to benzoquinone; and mononitriles may be hydrodimerized to dinitriles, e.g. acrylonitrile to adiponitrile, with the acrylonitrile present in an aqueous tetraethyl ammonium phosphate solution which may also contain potassium toluene sulphonate, or in an emulsion. (Details of the electrochemical cells used appear in Divisions C6-C7].
GB53342/68A 1968-04-03 1968-04-03 Electrolytic cell Expired GB1268182A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB53342/68A GB1268182A (en) 1968-04-03 1968-04-03 Electrolytic cell
DE19691917438 DE1917438A1 (en) 1968-04-03 1969-04-03 Electrolytic cell
AU10112/70A AU1011270A (en) 1968-04-03 1970-01-07 Electrolytic cell

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB53342/68A GB1268182A (en) 1968-04-03 1968-04-03 Electrolytic cell
GB1602068 1968-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1268182A true GB1268182A (en) 1972-03-22

Family

ID=26251709

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB53342/68A Expired GB1268182A (en) 1968-04-03 1968-04-03 Electrolytic cell

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1011270A (en)
DE (1) DE1917438A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1268182A (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3028970A1 (en) * 1979-08-03 1981-02-26 Oronzio De Nora Impianti ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND METHOD FOR ELECTROLYZING HALOGENIDES
US4343690A (en) * 1979-08-03 1982-08-10 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Novel electrolysis cell
GB2135110A (en) * 1982-10-29 1984-08-22 Chloride Group Plc Assembling electric storage batteries and a clamp therefor
US4472255A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-09-18 The Electricity Council Electrochemical cell
US4734181A (en) * 1984-12-07 1988-03-29 The Dow Chemical Company Electrochemical cell
US4789443A (en) * 1978-07-27 1988-12-06 Oronzio Denora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Novel electrolysis cell
US6077414A (en) * 1995-09-12 2000-06-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Electrolytic plate stack cell
EP0997437A3 (en) * 1998-10-20 2001-01-03 Adept Technologies A/S Reactor for treating liquids
EP1433520A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-06-30 EISENMANN MASCHINENBAU KG (Komplementär: EISENMANN-Stiftung) Apparatus for electrodialysis
WO2005111271A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-24 Eilenburger Elektrolyse- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Electrolytic cell comprising multilayer expanded metal electrodes
WO2006040709A1 (en) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-20 Zimmermann Verfahrenstechnik Ag Device for the continuous, electrolytic treatment of water and/or aqueous solution
WO2005103336A3 (en) * 2004-04-22 2006-07-27 Basf Ag Method for producing a uniform cross-flow of an electrolyte chamber of an electrolysis cell
EP1904407A4 (en) * 2005-05-12 2010-03-10 Saudi Arabian Oil Co Process for treating a sulfur-containing spent caustic refinery stream using a membrane electrolyzer powered by a fuel cell
WO2020121058A2 (en) 2018-11-16 2020-06-18 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Spacers for ion-exchange device
US11478752B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2022-10-25 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Electrodialysis systems with decreased concentration gradients at high recovery rates
US11577202B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-02-14 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Electrodialysis process and bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices for silica removal
DK202201093A1 (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-07-01 Green Hydrogen Systems As Method for handling an electrolyser stack and electrolyser stack and production unit.

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339313A (en) * 1980-03-05 1982-07-13 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of operating an electrolytic cell
US4460441A (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-07-17 The Dow Chemical Company Expanded metal as more efficient form of silver cathode for electrolytic reduction of polychloropicolinate anions
US4764263A (en) * 1987-05-18 1988-08-16 The Dow Chemical Company Electrochemical synthesis of substituted aromatic amines in basic media
US5322604A (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-06-21 Olin Corporation Electrolytic cell and electrodes therefor

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4789443A (en) * 1978-07-27 1988-12-06 Oronzio Denora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Novel electrolysis cell
DE3028970A1 (en) * 1979-08-03 1981-02-26 Oronzio De Nora Impianti ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND METHOD FOR ELECTROLYZING HALOGENIDES
US4343690A (en) * 1979-08-03 1982-08-10 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Novel electrolysis cell
US4472255A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-09-18 The Electricity Council Electrochemical cell
GB2135110A (en) * 1982-10-29 1984-08-22 Chloride Group Plc Assembling electric storage batteries and a clamp therefor
US4734181A (en) * 1984-12-07 1988-03-29 The Dow Chemical Company Electrochemical cell
US6077414A (en) * 1995-09-12 2000-06-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Electrolytic plate stack cell
EP0997437A3 (en) * 1998-10-20 2001-01-03 Adept Technologies A/S Reactor for treating liquids
CN100563794C (en) * 2002-12-27 2009-12-02 艾森曼机械制造两合公司（无限责任股东：艾森曼-基金会） Electrodialysis device
EP1433520A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-06-30 EISENMANN MASCHINENBAU KG (Komplementär: EISENMANN-Stiftung) Apparatus for electrodialysis
WO2005103336A3 (en) * 2004-04-22 2006-07-27 Basf Ag Method for producing a uniform cross-flow of an electrolyte chamber of an electrolysis cell
WO2005111271A1 (en) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-24 Eilenburger Elektrolyse- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Electrolytic cell comprising multilayer expanded metal electrodes
WO2006040709A1 (en) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-20 Zimmermann Verfahrenstechnik Ag Device for the continuous, electrolytic treatment of water and/or aqueous solution
EP1904407A4 (en) * 2005-05-12 2010-03-10 Saudi Arabian Oil Co Process for treating a sulfur-containing spent caustic refinery stream using a membrane electrolyzer powered by a fuel cell
US11571637B2 (en) 2018-11-16 2023-02-07 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Spacers for ion-exchange device
EP3880347A4 (en) * 2018-11-16 2022-11-09 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. SPACER FOR ION EXCHANGE DEVICE
WO2020121058A2 (en) 2018-11-16 2020-06-18 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Spacers for ion-exchange device
US11638886B2 (en) 2018-11-16 2023-05-02 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Spacers for ion-exchange device
US11918935B2 (en) 2018-11-16 2024-03-05 MIS IP Holdings, LLC Spacers for ion-exchange device
US12337261B2 (en) 2018-11-16 2025-06-24 Texopco, Llc Spacers for ion-exchange device
US11478752B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2022-10-25 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Electrodialysis systems with decreased concentration gradients at high recovery rates
US12274982B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2025-04-15 Texopco, Llc Electrodialysis systems with decreased concentration gradients at high recovery rates
US11577202B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2023-02-14 Magna Imperio Systems Corp. Electrodialysis process and bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices for silica removal
US12263446B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2025-04-01 Texopco, Llc Electrodialysis process and bipolar membrane electrodialysis devices for silica removal
DK202201093A1 (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-07-01 Green Hydrogen Systems As Method for handling an electrolyser stack and electrolyser stack and production unit.
WO2024115738A3 (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-07-11 Green Hydrogen Systems A/S Method for handling an electrolyser stack and electrolyser stack and production unit
DK181739B1 (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-11-18 Green Hydrogen Systems As Method for handling an electrolyser stack and electrolyser stack and production unit.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1011270A (en) 1971-07-08
DE1917438A1 (en) 1969-11-13

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