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FR2767675B1 - Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose - Google Patents

Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose

Info

Publication number
FR2767675B1
FR2767675B1 FR9710664A FR9710664A FR2767675B1 FR 2767675 B1 FR2767675 B1 FR 2767675B1 FR 9710664 A FR9710664 A FR 9710664A FR 9710664 A FR9710664 A FR 9710664A FR 2767675 B1 FR2767675 B1 FR 2767675B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
spinal implant
ancillary
allowing
bone tissue
adjacent vertebrae
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR9710664A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2767675A1 (fr
Inventor
Mingyan Liu
Philippe Bouquet
Daniel Chopin
Hans Jorg Meisel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe de Fabrication de Material Orthopedique en Abrege SOFAMOR SNC
Original Assignee
Societe de Fabrication de Material Orthopedique en Abrege SOFAMOR SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe de Fabrication de Material Orthopedique en Abrege SOFAMOR SNC filed Critical Societe de Fabrication de Material Orthopedique en Abrege SOFAMOR SNC
Priority to FR9710664A priority Critical patent/FR2767675B1/fr
Priority to FR9800174A priority patent/FR2767676B1/fr
Priority to US09/486,301 priority patent/US6746484B1/en
Priority to KR1020007001921A priority patent/KR100654078B1/ko
Priority to DE69837883T priority patent/DE69837883T2/de
Priority to ES98938840T priority patent/ES2288765T3/es
Priority to AT98938840T priority patent/ATE363876T1/de
Priority to ZA987680A priority patent/ZA987680B/xx
Priority to AU87435/98A priority patent/AU741518B2/en
Priority to EP98938840A priority patent/EP1009337B1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB1998/001324 priority patent/WO1999009913A2/fr
Priority to JP2000507309A priority patent/JP4004733B2/ja
Publication of FR2767675A1 publication Critical patent/FR2767675A1/fr
Priority to US09/420,622 priority patent/US6610089B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2767675B1 publication Critical patent/FR2767675B1/fr
Priority to US10/617,309 priority patent/US7112224B2/en
Priority to US10/825,767 priority patent/US7465305B2/en
Priority to US11/522,655 priority patent/US8480745B2/en
Priority to US12/316,199 priority patent/US20090164015A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A61F2/4465—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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    • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1671—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the spine
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A61F2/447—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A61F2002/2835—Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
    • A61F2002/30789—Plurality of holes perpendicular with respect to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30841—Sharp anchoring protrusions for impaction into the bone, e.g. sharp pins, spikes
    • A61F2002/30845—Sharp anchoring protrusions for impaction into the bone, e.g. sharp pins, spikes with cutting edges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2002/448—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs comprising multiple adjacent spinal implants within the same intervertebral space or within the same vertebra, e.g. comprising two adjacent spinal implants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4627—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0017—Angular shapes
    • A61F2230/0026—Angular shapes trapezoidal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0082—Three-dimensional shapes parallelepipedal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
FR9710664A 1997-08-16 1997-08-26 Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose Expired - Fee Related FR2767675B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9710664A FR2767675B1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1997-08-26 Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose
FR9800174A FR2767676B1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1998-01-09 Ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre la pose d'un implant intersomatique
JP2000507309A JP4004733B2 (ja) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 脊椎インプラント及びインプラントを取り付けるための切断工具形成アクセサリー
DE69837883T DE69837883T2 (de) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Wirbelsäulenimplantat und Schneidwerkzeugvorbereitungszubehör zum Einsetzen des Implantats
ES98938840T ES2288765T3 (es) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Implante espinal y accesorio de preparacion de la herramienta de corte para montar dicho implante.
AT98938840T ATE363876T1 (de) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Wirbelsäulenimplantat und schneidwerkzeug- vorbereitungszubehör zum einsetzen des implantats
ZA987680A ZA987680B (en) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant
AU87435/98A AU741518B2 (en) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accesory for mounting the implant
US09/486,301 US6746484B1 (en) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Spinal implant
PCT/IB1998/001324 WO1999009913A2 (fr) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Implant spinal et accessoire de preparation formant outil de coupe utilise pour le montage de l'implant
KR1020007001921A KR100654078B1 (ko) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 척추 이식편
EP98938840A EP1009337B1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1998-08-25 Implant spinal et accessoire de preparation formant outil de coupe utilise pour le montage de l'implant
US09/420,622 US6610089B1 (en) 1997-08-26 1999-10-19 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant
US10/617,309 US7112224B2 (en) 1997-08-26 2003-07-10 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant
US10/825,767 US7465305B2 (en) 1997-08-26 2004-04-16 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant
US11/522,655 US8480745B2 (en) 1997-08-26 2006-09-18 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant
US12/316,199 US20090164015A1 (en) 1997-08-16 2008-12-10 Spinal implant and cutting tool preparation accessory for mounting the implant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9710664A FR2767675B1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1997-08-26 Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2767675A1 FR2767675A1 (fr) 1999-03-05
FR2767675B1 true FR2767675B1 (fr) 1999-12-03

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR9710664A Expired - Fee Related FR2767675B1 (fr) 1997-08-16 1997-08-26 Implant intersomatique et ancillaire de preparation adapte pour permettre sa pose

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (6) US6746484B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1009337B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4004733B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100654078B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE363876T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU741518B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69837883T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2288765T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2767675B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009913A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA987680B (fr)

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DE69837883D1 (de) 2007-07-19
KR20010023287A (ko) 2001-03-26
US20090164015A1 (en) 2009-06-25
US6610089B1 (en) 2003-08-26
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US7465305B2 (en) 2008-12-16
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US8480745B2 (en) 2013-07-09
US7112224B2 (en) 2006-09-26
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US20040204714A1 (en) 2004-10-14
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US6746484B1 (en) 2004-06-08

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