ES2224801B1 - INTEGRAL DUAL HIGH VACUUM DESALER. - Google Patents
INTEGRAL DUAL HIGH VACUUM DESALER.Info
- Publication number
- ES2224801B1 ES2224801B1 ES200201782A ES200201782A ES2224801B1 ES 2224801 B1 ES2224801 B1 ES 2224801B1 ES 200201782 A ES200201782 A ES 200201782A ES 200201782 A ES200201782 A ES 200201782A ES 2224801 B1 ES2224801 B1 ES 2224801B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- brine
- high vacuum
- desalination plant
- water
- integral dual
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Cl-] XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Desaladora de alto vacío dual integral que consiste en una cámara de vacío (1) implementada con un eyector (2) alimentado por agua, que proviene de un tanque (3) como fluido motriz, extrayéndose los vapores de la salmuera (7), disponiendo de un circuito de recuperación de sal, desde donde se bombea la salmuera (8) hacia el pulmón de salmuera (4), pasando a unos secaderos (5) y (5'').Integral dual high vacuum desalination plant consisting of a vacuum chamber (1) implemented with a water-powered ejector (2), which comes from a tank (3) as a motor fluid, removing the vapors from the brine (7), providing of a salt recovery circuit, from where the brine (8) is pumped into the brine lung (4), passing to dryers (5) and (5``).
Description
Desaladora de alto vacío dual integral.Integral dual high vacuum desalination plant.
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a una solicitud de una Patente de Invención correspondiente a una desaladora de alto vacío dual integral, cuya finalidad estriba en conseguir el desalado de agua de distintas procedencias sin generar residuo líquido alguno, para posteriormente ser utilizadas en diferentes aplicaciones, integrando la osmosis inversa con el alto vacío, generando ventajas medioambientales, así como económicas.The present specification refers to a application for an Invention Patent corresponding to a integral dual high vacuum desalination plant, whose purpose is based on achieve desalination of water from different sources without generating any liquid residue, for later use in different applications, integrating reverse osmosis with high empty, generating environmental advantages, as well as economic.
Esta invención tiene su aplicación dentro de la industria dedicada a la fabricación de desaladoras.This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to the manufacture of desalination plants.
El solicitante conoce la existencia de los métodos actuales de desalación de aguas salobres y de mar. Actualmente existe una necesidad urgente de agua en el planeta Tierra, debido al cambio climático que se está produciendo, a la sobreexplotación y contaminación de los acuíferos, lo que ocasiona que cada día se cuente con menos agua potable, no sólo para el consumo humano, sino también para otros usos, tal y como puede ser el agrícola e industrial.The applicant knows the existence of current methods of desalination of brackish and sea waters. There is currently an urgent need for water on the planet Earth, due to the climate change that is taking place, to the overexploitation and contamination of aquifers, which causes that every day there is less drinking water, not only for the human consumption, but also for other uses, as it may be The agricultural and industrial.
Con los medios que se cuentan en la actualidad, el costo por metro cúbico de agua desalada es bastante alto, ya que se requiere cantidades apreciables de energía para estos procesos. A este hay que sumar la escasez cada mayor de combustible de origen fósil, y por todo esto se han desarrollado tecnologías para abaratar el costo energético del agua.With the means currently available, the cost per cubic meter of desalinated water is quite high, since appreciable amounts of energy are required for these processes. To this we must add the increasing shortage of fuel of origin fossil, and for all this technologies have been developed for reduce the energy cost of water.
Entre otros, se han desarrollado nuevos procedimientos de desalación basados en la presión osmótica, desarrollando células de osmosis inversa, denominadas membranas, con lo cual, el costo por metro cúbico de agua desalada ha ido descendiendo acorde con el desarrollo de nuevos materiales para la fabricación de estas membranas, aunque sigue existiendo una diferencia significativa entre el coste de desalación de aguas salobres y aguas marinas.Among others, new ones have been developed desalination procedures based on osmotic pressure, developing reverse osmosis cells, called membranes, whereby, the cost per cubic meter of desalinated water has gone descending according to the development of new materials for the manufacture of these membranes, although there is still a significant difference between the cost of water desalination brackish and marine waters.
Los tratamientos previos o primarios para el tratamiento del agua marina, elevan el coste y disminuyen el rendimiento de la planta, debiendo añadirse el grave problema del rechazo o salmuera, altamente contaminante.Previous or primary treatments for seawater treatment, raise the cost and decrease the plant yield, and the serious problem of rejection or brine, highly polluting.
La forma más común de eliminación es a través de salmueroductos, convertidos al mar o ríos, donde se ha observado la creación de zonas de naturaleza muerta en los alrededores de los emisarios de dichas plantas, debido a que esta salmuera o rechazo contiene gran cantidad de productos químicos que hay que añadir al agua antes y después de su paso por las membranas.The most common form of elimination is through brine products, converted to the sea or rivers, where the creation of still life areas around the emissaries of these plants, because this brine or rejection It contains a large number of chemicals that must be added to the water before and after its passage through the membranes.
La solución evidente a la problemática existente en la actualidad en esta materia, sería la de poder contar con una desaladora de alto vacío dual integral que obviara la problemática citada.The obvious solution to the existing problem currently in this area, it would be to have a integral dual high vacuum desalination plant that will obviate the problem cited
La desaladora de alto vacío dual integral soluciona de forma total la problemática citada.The integral dual high vacuum desalination plant completely solve the aforementioned problem.
De forma más concreta, la desaladora de alto vacío dual integral consta de una etapa de osmosis inversa en la cual el agua bruta es bombeada desde el punto de toma y acondicionada antes de ser impulsada por la bomba de alta presión a través de las membranas de osmosis inversa.More specifically, the high desalination plant dual integral vacuum consists of a reverse osmosis stage in the which raw water is pumped from the point of intake and conditioned before being driven by the high pressure pump to through the membranes of reverse osmosis.
El rechazo líquido producido en la osmosis inversa se transfiere al módulo de alto vacío de donde se obtiene agua desalada y un rechazo líquido concentrado de salmuera, que tras una serie de secados pasa a ser un residuo sólido fácilmente manejable y con posibilidad de recuperación de elementos químicos que los componen.The liquid rejection produced in osmosis Reverse is transferred to the high vacuum module where it is obtained desalinated water and a concentrated liquid rejection of brine, which after a series of drying it becomes a solid residue easily manageable and with the possibility of recovering chemical elements that make them up.
La ventaja de esta desaladora estriba en la mayor cantidad de agua desalada obtenida a partir de un caudal de agua bruta, sin obtener residuo líquido contaminante e integrándolo en un sistema de cogeneración para aumentar el rendimiento de la osmosis y el alto vacío, el residuo final generado en la planta dual integral se configura como un sólido fácilmente manejable.The advantage of this desalination plant lies in the greater amount of desalinated water obtained from a water flow gross, without obtaining contaminating liquid residue and integrating it into a cogeneration system to increase the performance of the osmosis and high vacuum, the final waste generated in the plant Dual integral is configured as an easily manageable solid.
El agua a desalar, antes de entrar en el módulo de osmosis inversa, sufre tanto un pretratamiento químico como físico.The water to be desalted, before entering the module of reverse osmosis, undergoes both a chemical pretreatment and physical.
El pretratamiento químico a realizar al agua de alimentación, tiene como objeto la inhibición de la precipitación de sales poco solubles, mediante la dosificación de ácido e inhibidor y esta dosificación se efectúa mediante bombas dosificadoras, normalmente magnéticas de membrana.The chemical pretreatment to be carried out in the water of food, aims at the inhibition of precipitation of poorly soluble salts, by dosing acid e inhibitor and this dosage is carried out by pumps dosing, usually magnetic membrane.
Este pretratamiento tiene por objeto proteger a las membranas del módulo de osmosis y evitar una frecuencia excesiva de lavados químicos de las mismas y así se evitan precipitaciones en forma de sales incrustantes sobre la superficie de las membranas.This pretreatment is intended to protect the membranes of the osmosis module and avoid a frequency excessive chemical washing of the same and thus avoid precipitation in the form of encrusting salts on the surface of the membranes.
A veces, y dependiendo de la calidad de las aguas de alimentación, es necesario efectuar una desinfección mediante un biocida que normalmente es un compuesto de cloro, y al ser las membranas de osmosis muy sensibles al efecto del cloro, se utiliza posteriormente otro producto para neutralizar el efecto oxidante del cloro.Sometimes, and depending on the quality of the waters of feeding, it is necessary to carry out a disinfection by biocide that is normally a chlorine compound, and being osmosis membranes very sensitive to the effect of chlorine, it is used subsequently another product to neutralize the oxidizing effect of chlorine.
El pretratamiento físico se lleva a cabo normalmente mediante filtración en un lecho de arena, seguido por una microfiltración con cartuchos de polipropileno bobinado con selectividad adecuada, y de esta forma se eliminan posibles sustancias indeseables, partículas en suspensión y coloides que pudiesen entrar en el agua de alimentación.The physical pretreatment is carried out normally by filtration in a bed of sand, followed by a microfiltration with polypropylene cartridges wound with adequate selectivity, and in this way possible undesirable substances, suspended particles and colloids that They could enter the feedwater.
Una vez realizado el pretratamiento físico-químico, el agua de alimentación acondicionada es dirigida hacia la unidad de bombeo de alta presión, la cual está formada por un grupo motobomba, normalmente del tipo centrífuga multietapa, impulsando el agua hacia las membranas a una presión variable en función de la salinidad del agua de alimentación, calculándose en cada caso.Once the pretreatment is done physicochemical, feed water conditioned is directed towards the high pressure pumping unit, which is formed by a motor pump group, usually of the type multistage centrifuge, driving water to the membranes at a variable pressure as a function of water salinity of feeding, calculating in each case.
Para evitar daños en la bomba de alta presión, se instalan protecciones tanto aguas arriba de la bomba mediante presostatos que detectan caídas de presión, o aguas abajo donde detectan sobrepresiones que pueden dañar irreversiblemente a las membranas de osmosis inversa.To avoid damage to the high pressure pump, install protections both upstream of the pump by pressure switches that detect pressure drops, or downstream where detect overpressures that can irreversibly damage the reverse osmosis membranes.
La unidad de osmosis inversa está formada por bancos que constan de tubos de presión donde van alojados los elementos de membrana y cada tubo de presión tiene una entrada y dos salidas, una para el permeado y otra para el rechazo o salmuera.The reverse osmosis unit is formed by banks consisting of pressure tubes where the membrane elements and each pressure tube has an inlet and two exits, one for the permeate and one for rejection or brine.
Aunque las membranas se protegen al máximo, periódicamente es necesario efectuar lavados químicos para restaurar los valores de producción de las membranas, que con el uso se van polucionando biológicamente o se van colmatando de sales, y este lavado químico se realiza mediante un sistema de bombeo de producto químico limpiador.Although the membranes are protected to the maximum, periodically it is necessary to perform chemical washes to restore the production values of the membranes, which with the use are biologically polluting or are filled with salts, and this chemical washing is done by a pumping system of chemical cleaner.
Parte del permeado o agua producto de la osmosis es dirigido hacia un depósito que sirve como almacenamiento para que en caso de parada de la planta, poder efectuar un barrido de la salmuera existente en los tubos de presión, diluyéndola con agua producto, protegiendo así las membranas de osmosis inversa.Part of the permeate or water product of osmosis It is directed to a warehouse that serves as storage for that in case of plant shutdown, to be able to sweep the brine in the pressure tubes, diluting it with water product, thus protecting the membranes of reverse osmosis.
El caudal de rechazo es dirigido a un depósito de acumulación donde se impulsará al módulo de alto vacío y éste consta de dos cámaras donde se produce el vacío por medio de dos eyectores, lográndose las condiciones adecuadas de temperatura y presión para la ebullición de la salmuera, obteniéndose agua desalada por una parte y un rechazo de salmuera, cada vez mas concentrado, que es enviado a un pulmón de salmuera.The rejection flow is directed to a deposit of accumulation where the high vacuum module will be driven and this It consists of two chambers where the vacuum is produced by means of two ejectors, achieving the right temperature conditions and boiling pressure of the brine, obtaining water desalted on the one hand and a rejection of brine, more and more concentrate, which is sent to a brine lung.
Cuando alcanza una determinada concentración, este rechazo o salmuera se bombea desde el pulmón de salmuera hacia los secaderos, donde después de varias fases de secado, se elimina el residuo líquido, obteniéndose un residuo sólido de fácil manejo y con posibilidad de recuperación de elementos químicos con procesos adecuados.When it reaches a certain concentration, this rejection or brine is pumped from the brine lung into the dryers, where after several drying phases, it is removed the liquid residue, obtaining a solid residue of easy handling and with the possibility of recovering chemical elements with proper processes.
Toda la energía necesaria para el proceso de osmosis inversa y de alto vacío, se consigue por medio de un grupo electrógeno, y el agua de refrigeración del motor, se usa fundamentalmente para calentar el agua de entrada al módulo de alto vacío y los gases de escape se utilizan para mediante intercambiadores, calentar el aire de los secadores de sal.All the energy necessary for the process of reverse osmosis and high vacuum, is achieved through a group generator, and engine cooling water, is used mainly to heat the inlet water to the high module vacuum and exhaust gases are used for by heat exchangers, heat the air of the salt dryers.
Dimensionando el grupo electrógeno mediante los calores residuales generados, se cuenta que solamente se utilizará la tercera parte de la energía eléctrica que se puede producir, permitiendo el hecho de la cogeneración.Sizing the generator set by generated residual heats, it is said that it will only be used the third part of the electrical energy that can be produced, allowing the fact of cogeneration.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, un juego de planos en el cual con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is accompanied herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, a set of planes in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been represented the following:
La figura número 1.- Corresponde a una vista del módulo de alto vacío empleado en la invención correspondiente a una desaladora de alto vacío dual integral.Figure number 1.- Corresponds to a view of the high vacuum module used in the invention corresponding to a integral dual high vacuum desalination plant.
La figura número 2.- Corresponde al circuito de recuperación de sal empleado en la invención.Figure number 2.- Corresponds to the circuit of salt recovery employed in the invention.
A la vista de estas figuras, puede observarse que la desaladora de alto vacío dual integral consta de una cámara de vacío (1) donde se producen las condiciones adecuadas de vacío por medio de un eyector (2) alimentado por agua proveniente del tanque principal de aprovisionamiento (3) como fluido matriz, extrayendo los vapores no deseables producidos en la evaporación de la salmuera de entrada (7).In view of these figures, it can be seen that the integral dual high vacuum desalination plant consists of a chamber of vacuum (1) where adequate vacuum conditions occur by means of an ejector (2) fed by water from the tank main supply (3) as matrix fluid, extracting undesirable vapors produced in brine evaporation input (7).
Siguiendo la figura número 2, puede observarse que el circuito de recuperación de sal incorpora la cámara de vacío (1) donde se bombea la salmuera (8) hacia el pulmón de salmuera (4) y de ese pulmón de salmuera (4) pasa a unos secaderos (5) y (5') por medio de una corriente de aire caliente (9), obteniéndose una fracción de sal seca (12) y un vapor (11) que es enviado al secadero final (6).Following figure number 2, it can be seen that the salt recovery circuit incorporates the vacuum chamber (1) where the brine is pumped (8) into the brine lung (4) and from that brine lung (4) it passes to dryers (5) and (5 ') by means of a stream of hot air (9), obtaining a fraction of dry salt (12) and a vapor (11) that is sent to the dryer final (6).
Debe indicarse que la desaladora de alto vacío dual integral actúa en primer lugar con el bombeo de agua de mar o procedente de pozo salobre, siendo esta agua bombeada y posteriormente circulada a una presión de 4 bar. por un circuito primario en el cual se medirán los diferentes parámetros, conductividad, pH, temperatura, etc., para pasar posteriormente al módulo de osmosis inversa, y el rechazo o salmuera (7) procedente de la osmosis inversa, alimenta al módulo de alto vacío en dos circuitos diferentes, actuando en uno como refrigerante en las cámaras de condensación, y desde ahí es enviado al intercambiador principal, donde su temperatura es elevada para posteriormente volver a las cámaras de vacío donde se produce la evaporación instantánea.It should be noted that the high vacuum desalination plant Dual integral acts primarily with seawater pumping or coming from brackish well, this water being pumped and subsequently circulated at a pressure of 4 bar. by a circuit primary in which the different parameters will be measured, conductivity, pH, temperature, etc., to subsequently go to reverse osmosis module, and rejection or brine (7) coming of reverse osmosis, feeds the high vacuum module in two different circuits, acting in one as a refrigerant in the condensation chambers, and from there it is sent to the exchanger main, where its temperature is high for later return to the vacuum chambers where evaporation occurs snapshot.
Las cámaras de vacío (1) disponen de dos eyectores hipersonidos (2) que están produciendo vacío de forma constante, de tal manera que la salmuera, al entrar a las cámaras de vacío con la temperatura adecuada y en condiciones de vacío necesarias, se evapora, y este vapor es condensado en unas placas dispuestas en el interior de la cámara por las cuales está circulando salmuera procedente del módulo de osmosis.The vacuum chambers (1) have two Hipersonide ejectors (2) that are producing vacuum constant, such that the brine, when entering the chambers vacuum at the right temperature and under vacuum conditions necessary, it evaporates, and this steam is condensed in some plates arranged inside the chamber for which it is circulating brine from the osmosis module.
El vapor condensado se recoge en unas bandejas dispuestas en el interior de las cámaras como agua destilada (10) de donde se envía al tanque principal de almacenamiento (3).The condensed steam is collected in trays arranged inside the chambers as distilled water (10) from where it is sent to the main storage tank (3).
El agua no evaporada (8) circula en circuito cerrado, volviendo al circuito principal de bombas de entrada, efectuándose este recorrido varias veces, de forma que una vez alcanzada la conductividad adecuada, tras sucesivas evaporaciones, se bombea hasta un depósito de salmuera concentrada denominada pulmón de salmuera (4).Non-evaporated water (8) circulates in circuit closed, returning to the main input pump circuit, taking this tour several times, so that once reached the appropriate conductivity, after successive evaporations, it is pumped to a concentrated brine tank called brine lung (4).
Esta salmuera concentrada almacenada en el pulmón de salmuera (4), se bombea a dos secaderos (5) y (5') que funcionan con aire caliente (9), proveniente de un intercambiador de calor.This concentrated brine stored in the lung brine (4), two dryers (5) and (5 ') are pumped that work with hot air (9), coming from a heat exchanger hot.
La salmuera entra en los secaderos (5) y (5') a través de unos inyectores que la pulverizan, y al contacto con el aire caliente, el agua de la salmuera se transforma en vapor (11) que es extraído y enviado al secadero final (6), y la sal en forma de polvo (11) se precipita hacia el fondo de los secaderos, siendo transportada al almacén de sal por medio de una cinta transportadora.The brine enters the dryers (5) and (5 ') a through some injectors that spray it, and on contact with the hot air, the brine water is transformed into steam (11) which is extracted and sent to the final dryer (6), and salt in form of dust (11) rushes to the bottom of the dryers, being transported to the salt store by means of a belt conveyor
Puede darse el caso de que el vapor arrastre partículas de sal en suspensión, y consecuentemente se ha previsto un tercer secadero en forma de ciclón, donde el vapor al entrar se le inyecta un chorro de aire caliente adicional, que termina de secar las pocas partículas de sal que quedan en suspensión, precipitando éstas al fondo del secadero, siendo el vapor extraído y enviado a un condensador especial, dentro del cual se pulveriza agua destilada, con lo cual el vapor condensa en agua destilada, y una vez realizado este proceso, el agua es recogida y enviada al tanque principal de agua destinada para el uso.It may be the case that the steam drags salt particles in suspension, and consequently it is planned a third cyclone dryer, where the steam entering an additional hot air jet is injected, which ends dry the few salt particles that remain in suspension, precipitating these at the bottom of the dryer, the steam being extracted and sent to a special condenser, into which it is sprayed distilled water, whereby steam condenses in distilled water, and Once this process is done, the water is collected and sent to the main water tank intended for use.
La invención cuenta con una unidad energética compuesta por un motor de combustión interna, que a su vez está conectado a un alternador para producir energía eléctrica, configurándose como una planta de cogeneración, lográndose con este motor, además de la energía necesaria para la planta, producir energía eléctrica excedente para la Red, aprovechando la energía térmica de los gases de escape para calentar el aire necesario para el secado de la salmuera.The invention has an energy unit composed of an internal combustion engine, which in turn is connected to an alternator to produce electrical energy, being configured as a cogeneration plant, achieving this engine, in addition to the energy needed for the plant, produce surplus electrical energy for the Network, taking advantage of the energy thermal exhaust gas to heat the air needed to Brine drying.
Claims (7)
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB793189A (en) * | 1954-09-28 | 1958-04-09 | Tomonori Nakano | Concentrating salt solutions by evaporation and freezing |
| GB1217396A (en) * | 1968-03-29 | 1970-12-31 | Mini Of Technology | Process and apparatus for the control of flash boiling in liquid electrolytes |
| GB1350766A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1974-04-24 | Secr Defence | Water desalination device |
| US6126834A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2000-10-03 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | High resistivity water production with controlled water temperatures |
| GB2363741A (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-01-09 | Finch Internat Ltd | Energy recovery during desalination of seawater |
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2002
- 2002-07-29 ES ES200201782A patent/ES2224801B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB793189A (en) * | 1954-09-28 | 1958-04-09 | Tomonori Nakano | Concentrating salt solutions by evaporation and freezing |
| GB1217396A (en) * | 1968-03-29 | 1970-12-31 | Mini Of Technology | Process and apparatus for the control of flash boiling in liquid electrolytes |
| GB1350766A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1974-04-24 | Secr Defence | Water desalination device |
| US6126834A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2000-10-03 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | High resistivity water production with controlled water temperatures |
| GB2363741A (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-01-09 | Finch Internat Ltd | Energy recovery during desalination of seawater |
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