ES1301290U - PRECAST ECOLOGICAL CONCRETE FLOORING (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast ecological concrete flooring that, configured from a plurality of precast modular concrete pieces (2, 2'), which present a plantar configuration with a suitable design to arrange them interlocked with each other, being applicable for placement on a flexible base without mortar, forming continuous surfaces formed by a framework of said pieces (2, 2'), is characterized by the fact that said pieces (2, 2') are made up of a single body composed of, at least, two layers (3, 4) solidly overlapping each other consisting of: - A first surface layer (3), thin, made with some natural raw materials that, in addition to aesthetics, provide mechanical properties, at least resistance to abrasion, and high permeability, acting as a sieve that prevents a rapid clogging of the surface; and - a second thicker base layer (4), made with by-products of recycled concrete and raw materials with a low carbon footprint impact, which provides mechanical properties, at least flexural strength, to withstand high loads. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

PRECAST ECOLOGICAL CONCRETE FLOORING

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention refers, as expressed in the statement of the present descriptive report, to a precast ecological concrete pavement that provides, to the function for which it is intended, advantages and characteristics, which are described in detail later and represent an improvement of the current state of the art.

More particularly, the object of the invention focuses on a precast ecological concrete pavement, made up of lockable pieces, for placement on a flexible base, that is, without mortar, which make up continuous surfaces formed by a framework of said pieces, constituting the solution ideal for sustainable paving based on circular economy. In addition, the pieces of the pavement can be permeable, that is, with the capacity for water infiltration, which allows a sustainable management of rainwater, and decontaminants, that is, with the capacity to eliminate atmospheric pollutants, the pavement being especially designed for application in outdoor areas and manufactured from, among other things, materials from recycling. To do this, the precast flooring pieces comprise at least two layers: a thinner surface layer that provides aesthetics and possible functionalities, and a thicker base layer, made up of highly resistant concrete, which mainly provides the necessary properties. mechanical.

SCOPE

The field of application of the present invention falls within the construction sector, particularly covering the field of the industry dedicated to the manufacture of pavements, and more particularly of prefabricated pieces of ecological material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As is known, sustainable construction has an importance that is becoming increasingly relevant in today's urban landscapes, especially for the paving of roads, sidewalks and floors. The application of the circular economy in the construction sector is urgent and necessary, since it is one of the sectors that consumes the most resources and generates the most waste, thereby pursuing the reduction of waste, the recycling of materials and their subsequent reuse. In other words, it seeks to increase the life cycle of the resources and also the life cycle of the works. Improving the life cycle of the elements built through more sustainable forms of construction and natural and recycled materials is becoming an obligation.

The objective of applying the circular economy in construction is mainly to increase the life cycle of construction materials. In this sense, it would be desirable to produce sustainable, durable and technically reliable parts and a construction system, also solving the problem caused by torrential rain and air pollution.

The effect of human action is causing an increasing scarcity of natural resources, and hence the need to reduce their consumption, resort to recycling and recovery of certain waste, and generate new products with a longer life cycle.

In general, the paving of conventional sidewalks and driveways is made up of three layers: wearing course, concrete base and granular sub-base that is incorporated on top of a previously compacted soil base. In this paving system, the precast pieces adhere to the concrete base by using mortar, almost completely waterproofing the soil, producing negative effects on the water balance, temperature, pollutant management, and development. of the vegetation. Paving is, however, essential to allow intensive use in urban environments and to avoid pollution in cities, for which it is necessary to solve the problem of soil sealing and compaction. In addition, traditional paving has a direct effect on the ambient temperature. During the day the pavement and the soil heat up and during the night they release the heat, contributing to the urban heat island. On the other hand, when it rains, the first few millimeters of rain evaporate to balance the surface temperature with the air temperature. Compaction decreases the rise of water by capillarity and in this sense, decreases evaporation.

To extend the life of the products, it is convenient to use a system for placing parts on a flexible basis. The use of this paving laying technique is known to everyone since Roman times, since its roads have survived to this day. The choice of one flexible paving system or another must be determined, in addition to its aesthetic appearance or use criteria, by its behavior against water. Precipitation water that reaches the surface of a pavement can infiltrate, evaporate, or generate runoff. It is necessary to understand how these three variables interact with each other and how these rates vary according to paving types. Permeable paving is a technical system specifically developed to infiltrate water into the subsoil. Its behavior against water depends essentially on the surface of the pavements and the granular base on which it rests. In traditional flexible paving, the pieces rest on the ground, so their infiltration depends directly on the granulometry of the materials that make up the ground, their degree of compaction, and the size and characteristics of the joints.

Among the drawbacks that the current traditional paving systems present, one of the most important lies in the fact that the paving made in this way forms a permanent installation, not capable of being dismantled and of using the pieces for new installations. Regarding current laying systems without mortar, one of the main disadvantages is that the load exerted in a specific area of the paved area is not shared by the rest of the supporting group, so that when a particularly large load is exerted in a piece, there is no functional interconnection between them that allows said load to be shared with the adjacent pieces. Thus, the effort that falls on a certain surface is not distributed regularly, suffering excessively those parts that support the efforts and contractions, both vertical and lateral, tending to move and protrude from the surface, and even with the passage of vehicles they can fracture. . The main problem with this type of Installation without mortar, lies, in addition to a good execution, especially in a design of the system, so that the interlocking of some pieces with others causes a distribution of loads, in such a way that all the pieces work in solidarity.

The objective of the present invention is, therefore, the development of a prefabricated pavement specially designed to provide the market with an ideal solution that solves said problem in a practical and functional way.

On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it is worth mentioning that, at least by the applicant, the existence of any other precast ecological concrete pavement, or any other invention with a similar application, that presents characteristics technical, structural and constitutive equal or similar to those presented by the one claimed here.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The precast ecological concrete pavement that the invention proposes is configured as an optimal solution to the aforementioned objective which, in turn, represents an improvement on what is currently known, with the characterizing details that make it possible and distinguish it conveniently included in the claims. endings that accompany this description.

Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is an ecological, interlocked, and functional precast concrete pavement that is made up of interlocking pieces, applicable for placement on a flexible base without mortar, and to form continuous surfaces formed by a framework of said pieces interlocked with each other, with the potential capacity to allow the infiltration of water between them and to combat environmental pollution, being especially applicable to be used in the urban environment, for the paving of roads, streets and squares.

For this, and more specifically, the pieces that make up the pavement of the invention are essentially distinguished by being made up of a single body made up of at least two layers, a first surface layer and a second base layer, which are overlapping each other in solidarity consisting of the following:

- a thin first surface layer, made with a minimum of natural raw materials, which gives it aesthetics, as well as good mechanical properties, especially in terms of abrasion and which, optionally, can be filtering and decontaminating, presenting high permeability and acting as a sieve that solves the problem of rapid clogging of the surface;

- A second, thicker base layer, made with recycled concrete by-products, duly valued, and with raw materials, preferably obtained from areas close to the production center to minimize the impact of the carbon footprint. This base layer provides most of the mechanical properties to the pavement, especially flexural resistance, allowing it to withstand high loads and, optionally, it can also have a high permeable capacity.

In a preferred embodiment, and in accordance with the object of the present invention, the surface layer of the conforming pieces of the precast pavement comprises the combination of a doped catalyst (preferably titanium dioxide) with zeolite, graphene and iron oxides, to manage to decompose and degrade the largest number of compounds that make up the polluting gases, thanks to the combination of two processes: a process called heterogeneous photocatalysis (thanks to titanium oxide as a catalyst), combined with another process called homogeneous photocatalysis (thanks to the presence of zeolite, graphene and ferric oxides as additional catalyst). The presence of graphene and zeolites together with doped titanium dioxide produces a multiplying effect and a substantial improvement in decontaminating activity.

Thus, in accordance with the present invention and in a preferred way, the prefabricated flooring seeks to use in a combined way, or not, two photocatalysis processes. This is how it is possible to generate the greatest number of strongly oxidizing radicals (such as OH- hydroxyl radicals) that are capable of making the most of solar radiation to thus achieve the highest level of pollutant degradation.

For the purpose of the present invention, preferably, the individual values of the percentages of the different components of the paving pieces are such that the total composition never exceeds 100%.

Preferably, the surface layer of the paving pieces comprises a semi-dry mixture which, in turn, comprises:

- cement, which can be white or grey, in a proportion of between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the mixture,

- Gravel of granite origin with a granulometry between 2mm and 4mm, in a proportion between 70% and 80%, and

- doped titanium dioxide that is in a range between 0.5% and 5% by total weight of the dry mixture,

In addition, additionally, said surface layer comprises graphene and zeolite as catalysts, and ferric oxides that provide color tones to the pavement, as well as plasticizer additives that favor the workability of the semi-dry mixture and curing agents that act as accelerators of the process of setting.

On the other hand, preferably, the maximum thickness of the surface layer is equal to or less than 15 mm.

Preferably, the surface layer comprises white-type cement in a proportion of 20% total weight of the dry mix, gravel of granite origin in a proportion of 75%, and doped titanium dioxide in a proportion of 2%. Preferably, the graphene is in a proportion of 1%, the zeolite is in a proportion of 1%, and the ferric oxides and the additives in a proportion of 1% of the total dry mix.

For its part, the base layer comprises a semi-dry mixture that, in turn, comprises:

- cement that can be white or gray in a proportion between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the dry mix;

- Crushed washed sand of granite origin with a granulometry between 0mm and 4mm in a proportion between 0.01% and 10%;

- crushed river gravel with granulometry between 5mm and 8mm in a proportion between 35% and 55%;

- river gravel of granitic origin with granulometry between 6mm and 12mm in a proportion between 10% and 25%; and

- Recycling material originating from the production process itself with a granulometry between 5mm and 10mm in a proportion between 10% and 30%.

Furthermore, additionally, said base layer can comprise plasticizer additives that favor the workability of the semi-dry mixture.

Preferably, the thickness of the base layer can be between 10 mm and 150 mm.

Preferably, the base layer comprises a semi-dry mixture that includes cement of the gray type in a proportion of 20% of the total weight of the dry mixture, crushed washed sand in a proportion of 5%, crushed river gravel in a proportion of 40 %, river gravel of granite origin in a proportion of 15%, recycling material in a proportion of 20%, and additionally, it can include plasticizing additives that favor the workability of the semi-dry mix in a proportion of 0.10% .

For the purpose of the present invention, recycled materials will be understood as those particles that have previously formed part of other pavements and that have subsequently been rejected in quality controls and have been subjected to a mechanical grinding process.

Another advantageous aspect of the invention is the fact that using recycled materials from the production process itself guarantees the sustainability and maintenance over time of natural products, as well as reducing the carbon footprint by minimizing CO ₂ emissions into the atmosphere. .

On the other hand, obtaining the pavement described, preferably, is carried out through a vibrocompaction process, that is, vibrating and compacting the two semi-dry concrete mixtures poured into a mold that make up the two layers, and that after be pressed, they are perfectly overlapped in a single piece, which is finally directed to a curing chamber to achieve its final setting.

The object of the present invention is a pavement made with a plurality of the pieces described above, which are placed on a flexible base and without mortar. The pieces are placed on a bed of gravel or high-hardness sand, on a previously well-compacted natural ground or gravel. On the base surface of the area to be paved, a bonding material or a granular material is first placed, depending on whether it is waterproof or draining paving. This gripping or granular material facilitates the embedment of the pieces on the paving surface, by penetrating this material in the lower part of the joint space that separates the pieces. Once the pieces are embedded in the surface, the upper part of the joint space is filled with another binder or permeable material, depending on whether it is waterproof or draining paving. In this way, the parts are confined to the placement area.

It is important to establish a good lateral confinement in all its perimeter, to avoid the displacement of the pieces, as well as, to carry out a good filling of joints to ensure that all the lockable pieces work together. It is a type of very fast execution and with an immediate start-up, which is reversible, allowing the reuse of the pavement, as well as easy handling to allow access to underground infrastructures in maintenance work.

The flooring of the invention allows the construction of an armed, articulated and flexible structure, composed of the systematic arrangement of lockable modular pieces that are sufficiently resistant, and at the same time with the necessary and sufficient margin of movement, which allows part of the loads to be transmitted to each one of the adjacent pieces.

For this, preferably, the pavement comprises the combination of at least two types of pieces, strong enough, to form a continuous structure with clearance joints such that it allows the partial transmission, both horizontally and vertically, of the loads. exerted on a piece towards the adjoining pieces.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the flooring comprises at least two types of geometrically different pieces, one of a larger size and one of a smaller size, which, thanks to their complementary plantar configuration, can be intertwined with each other, given that, in In the center of the four perimeter sides of the larger pieces, the existence of a recess of the size equivalent to half the area of the smaller piece is expected.

In this way, with the placement of the smallest pieces joining all the larger pieces, it is possible to weave an articulated and continuous structure that guarantees the interlocking of the paving. The interlocking structure of the pavement generates an adequate clearance between each one of the pieces and their adjacent ones, which allows the partial transmission of loads between the pieces, without compromising the interlocking of the pieces that make up the structure. All the forces and contractions, both vertical and lateral, are absorbed and distributed extraordinarily over a larger area, suffering much less than in traditional paving. In addition, the fact of using at least two different types of pieces offers the possibility of alternating pieces of different colors and finishes, thus offering a good solution from an architectural and aesthetic point of view.

Preferably, the flooring comprises a plurality of pieces of larger size, with preferred dimensions of 500x500x80 mm (width, length, thickness), combined with smaller pieces of preferred dimensions of 120x120x80 mm, thus guaranteeing a continuous structure and strong enough to guarantee vehicle traffic.

With all this, the pavement object of the present invention, due to its special draining and decontaminating qualities, is ideal both for water management, since climate change is causing an increase in extreme weather events, such as torrential rains that cause flooding, or periods that are too long with hardly any rainfall, to be used in areas where levels of environmental contamination must be controlled to avoid exceeding the levels set by the authorities.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this specification is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of plans, in which, with character illustrative and non-limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure number 1.- Shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a first type of piece that comprises the precast ecological concrete flooring object of the invention, appreciating the configuration and parts it comprises.

Figure number 2.- Shows a schematic perspective view of an example of the two types of interlocking pieces that the pavement comprises, according to the invention, represented in its phase prior to assembly, appreciating their configuration and arrangement to form the pavement framework.

And figures number 3, 4, 5 and 6.- Show respective plan views of four different examples of making the pavement with four optional models of pieces of different dimensions.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures and in accordance with the numbering adopted, several examples of non-limiting embodiments of the precast ecological concrete pavement of the invention can be seen in them, which comprises the parts indicated and described in detail below. .

Thus, as can be seen in said figures, the pavement (1) of the invention is configured from a plurality of precast modular concrete pieces (2, 2'), which have a lockable plantar configuration, that is, with a design suitable for having them interlocked with each other, being applicable for placement on a flexible base without mortar, forming continuous surfaces formed by a framework of said pieces (2, 2'), with the possibility of allowing the infiltration of water between them and combating environmental pollution, preferably in the paving of roads, streets and squares in urban environments, in which said pieces (2, 2') are essentially distinguished by being made up of a single body made up of at least two layers (3, 4) solidly overlapping each other consisting of:

- a first surface layer (3), thin, made with some natural raw materials that, in addition to aesthetics, provide mechanical properties, at least resistance to abrasion, and high permeability acting as a sieve that prevents rapid clogging of the surface and high decontaminating capacity; and

- A second, thicker base layer (4), made with recycled concrete by-products and raw materials with low carbon footprint impact, which provides mechanical properties, especially flexural strength, to withstand high loads and which, optionally, it also has a high permeable capacity.

Preferably, the surface layer (3) of the prefabricated pieces (2, 2') of the pavement (1) comprises the combination of a doped catalyst (preferably titanium dioxide) with zeolite, graphene and iron oxides.

Preferably, the surface layer (3) of the pieces (2, 2') of the paving (1) comprises a semi-dry mixture which, in turn, comprises:

- white or gray cement, in a proportion between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the mixture,

- Gravel of granite origin with a granulometry between 2mm and 4mm, in a proportion between 70% and 80%, and

- doped titanium dioxide comprised in a range between 0.5% and 5% by total weight of the dry mixture.

In addition, additionally, said surface layer (3) comprises graphene and zeolite as catalysts, ferric oxides that provide color tonality to the pavement, as well as plasticizer additives and curing agents.

In a preferred embodiment, the surface layer (3) comprises white cement in a proportion of 20% total weight of the dry mix, gravel of granite origin in a proportion of 75%, and doped titanium dioxide in a proportion of 2%. And, preferably, it comprises graphene in a proportion of 1%, zeolite is in a proportion of 1%, and ferric oxides and additives in a proportion of 1% of the total dry mix.

Preferably, the maximum thickness of the surface layer (3) is equal to or less than 15 mm.

For its part, the base layer (4) comprises a semi-dry mixture which, in turn, comprises:

- white or gray cement, in a proportion between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the dry mix;

- Crushed washed sand of granite origin with a granulometry between 0mm and 4mm in a proportion between 0.01% and 10%;

- crushed river gravel with granulometry between 5mm and 8mm in a proportion between 35% and 55%;

- river gravel of granitic origin with granulometry between 6mm and 12mm in a proportion between 10% and 25%; and

- Recycling material originating from the production process itself with a granulometry between 5mm and 10mm in a proportion between 10% and 30%.

Furthermore, additionally, said base layer (4) comprises plasticizing additives.

And, in a preferred embodiment, said base layer (4) comprises a semi-dry mix that includes gray cement in a proportion of 20% of the total weight of the dry mix, washed crushed sand in a proportion of 5%, gravel of crushed river in a proportion of 40%, river gravel of granitic origin in a proportion of 15%, recycling material in a proportion of 20%, and additionally, it includes plasticizing additives in a proportion of 0.10%.

Preferably, the thickness of the base layer (4) is between 10 mm and 150 mm.

On the other hand, preferably, the pavement (1) comprises the combination of at least two types of geometrically different prefabricated modular pieces, a larger piece (2) and a smaller one (2') with respective complementary plantar configuration such as that can be intertwined with each other to define an articulated and continuous structure that determines the interlocking of the pavement (1).

Preferably, the largest piece (2) is a piece with a parallelepiped, quadrangular or rectangular plantar shape, provided with a recess (2a) in the center of each of its four perimeter sides of a size equivalent to half the area of the smaller piece (2') which, in turn, has a parallelepiped, quadrangular or rectangular plantar shape, as can be seen in figures 1 and 2.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 3, the larger pieces (2) are quadrangular and have dimensions of 500mm wide (w) x 500mm long (l) x 80mm thick. (g), combined with smaller pieces (2') quadrangular with dimensions of 120x120x80 mm.

In another embodiment option, such as the one shown in figure 4, the larger pieces (2) are quadrangular and have dimensions of 333mm wide (w) x 333mm long (l) x 80mm thick (g), combined with smaller pieces (2') quadrangular with dimensions of 100x100x80 mm.

In another embodiment option, such as the one shown in figure 5, the larger pieces (2) are rectangular and have dimensions of 500mm wide (w) x 333mm long (l) x 80mm thick (g), combined with smaller pieces (2') quadrangular with dimensions of 100x100x80 mm.

And, in another embodiment option, such as the one shown in figure 6, the larger pieces (2) are quadrangular and have dimensions of 500mm wide (w) x 500mm long (l) x 80mm thick (g). ), combined with smaller (2') rectangular pieces measuring 200x100x80 mm and with smaller (2') quadrangular pieces measuring 100x100x80 mm.

Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived from it.

Claims (14)

1.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, configured from a plurality of precast modular concrete pieces (2, 2'), which have a plantar configuration with a suitable design to arrange them interlocked with each other, being applicable for their placement on a flexible base without mortar, forming continuous surfaces formed by a framework of said pieces (2, 2'), is characterized by the fact that said pieces (2, 2') are made up of a single body composed of, at least , two layers (3, 4) overlapping each other solidly consisting of: - A first surface layer (3), thin, made with some natural raw materials that, in addition to aesthetics, provide mechanical properties, at least resistance to abrasion, and high permeability, acting as a sieve that prevents a rapid clogging of the surface; and - A second, thicker base layer (4), made with by-products of recycled concrete and raw materials with low carbon footprint impact, which provides mechanical properties, at least flexural strength, to withstand high loads. 2. Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface layer (3) of the precast pieces (2, 2') of the pavement (1) comprises the combination of a catalyst doped with zeolite, graphene and oxides. iron 3. Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface layer (3) of the pieces (2, 2') of the pavement (1) comprises a semi-dry mixture which, in turn, comprises: - white or gray cement, in a proportion between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the mixture, - Gravel of granite origin with a granulometry between 2mm and 4mm, in a proportion between 70% and 80%, and - doped titanium dioxide comprised in a range between 0.5% and 5% by total weight of the dry mixture. 4.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 3, characterized in that the surface layer (3) also comprises graphene and zeolite as catalysts, iron oxides that provide color tonality to the pavement, as well as plasticizing additives and curing agents. 5.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 4, characterized in that the surface layer (3) comprises white cement in a proportion of 20% total weight of the dry mix, gravel of granite origin in a proportion of 75%, and titanium dioxide doped in a proportion of 2%. 6.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface layer (3) comprises graphene in a proportion of 1%, zeolite is in a proportion of 1%, and iron oxides and additives in a proportion of 1% of the total dry mix. 7. Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the maximum thickness (h) of the surface layer (3) is equal to or less than 15 mm. 8.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base layer (4) comprises a semi-dry mixture which, in turn, comprises: - white or gray cement, in a proportion between 15% and 25% of the total weight of the dry mix; - Crushed washed sand of granite origin with a granulometry between 0mm and 4mm in a proportion between 0.01% and 10%; - crushed river gravel with granulometry between 5mm and 8mm in a proportion between 35% and 55%; - river gravel of granitic origin with granulometry between 6mm and 12mm in a proportion between 10% and 25%; and - Recycling material originating from the production process itself with a granulometry between 5mm and 10mm in a proportion between 10% and 30%. 9. Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 8, characterized in that the base layer (4) also comprises plasticizing additives. 10.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the base layer (4) comprises a semi-dry mix that includes gray cement in a proportion of 20% of the total weight of the dry mix, washed crushed sand in a proportion of 5%, crushed river gravel in a proportion of 40%, river gravel of granitic origin in a proportion of 15%, recycling material in a proportion of 20%. 11. Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to claim 10, characterized in that the base layer (4) comprises plasticizer additives in a proportion of 0.10%. 12.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the thickness of the base layer (4) is between 10 mm and 150 mm. 13.- Precast ecological concrete pavement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the combination of at least two types of geometrically different precast modular pieces, a piece of larger size (2) and one of smaller size (2') with respective complementary plantar configuration to intertwine with each other and define an articulated and continuous structure. 14.- Precast ecological concrete flooring, according to claim 13, characterized in that the larger piece (2) is a piece with a parallelepiped, quadrangular or rectangular plantar shape, equipped with a recess (2a) in the center of each of its four perimeter sides of the size equivalent to half the area of the smaller piece (2') which, in turn, has a parallelepiped, quadrangular or rectangular plantar shape.