ES1058785U - Fire fighting equipment. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Equipment for extinguishing fires, essentially characterized in that it is determined from an initial chamber (3) where a piston (5) is housed that separates two cavities, one anterior (23) and one posterior (24), the latter which communicates with the outside through at least one outlet cannon of a volume of fluid that is previously introduced from a reservoir (1) into at least one of the two cavities of that initial chamber (3), with interposition of a valve of opening and closing; a guiding rod (8) integral with said piston (5) being included, as well as means for rapid movement of the piston (5) to drive the fluid out through the mouth of the barrels. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Fire extinguishing equipment.

Object of the invention

The present invention, as expressed in the set forth in this specification, refers to a team for fire extinguishing where the extinguishing agent is preferably water, applying it nebulized or in the form of tiny drops, so that a gram of water absorbs a calorie by each gram and degree centigrade, which increases its temperature. Y if the heat absorbed is sufficient, it evaporates, changes state and as each gram of water evaporates from the liquid state to steam, will absorb 540 calories, increasing its volume by one thousand About five hundred times.

In this way a maximum use is made of water to quell fires, so that to achieve These results and their application in practice are expected to equipment of the invention that can be adapted to all types of vehicles or on land, as a defense base, but basically aimed at applying in the most versatile and effective environment, which is the helicopter.

Background of the invention

A fire fighting system consists of application of "non-retarding" foams that gives great spectacular, practically zero efficiency and consuming resources that should be applied for the development of others techniques, although they are less spectacular, but much more effective, but instead involve some planning and Professionalization of the organization chart that must participate and be responsible for extinction from a political level, so that technicians and brigades involved in the extinction should Be professional

In many cases, the most effective means of suffocating forest fires as a first fire attack a helicopter. However, this medium is not enough to extinguish the fire, needing other additional means and complementary.

Through this medium, the helicopter is collect certain amounts of water from ponds and lakes to then pour it over the fire. In these cases the water use is scarce since it spills over the fire somewhat uncontrolled and inefficient.

Description of the invention

To achieve the objectives and avoid drawbacks mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a fire extinguishing equipment capable of provide water mist against fire flames, thereby achieving great efficiency and maximum utilization of the extinguishing agent, which is water. The equipment will be installed preferably in a helicopter because this is the most Versatile and effective against fire in many cases.

It comprises in principle a cannon structure by whose single or multiple mouth will be driven and projected the misty water directed towards the flames to quell the same.

The team also has a water tank from where a duct that flows into an initial chamber starts of the barrel where there is a driving device with a volume of planned water that is housed inside the canyon, constituting said conduit the barrel filling medium.

The driving device incorporates among its elements a main piston, whose activation can be carried out by electrical means, by means of an explosive material, hydraulically through oil and also pneumatically by air compressed, so that with the pressures originated and conventional devices, propel the liquid housed inside the structure of the initial chamber and cannon, well in one of the main piston races or both careers.

First, when it comes to a material explosive, this can be solid, although preferably use an explosive material in a gaseous state that occupies determined volumes to cause a deflagration energy, or Even an explosion.

Thus, in this case of the explosive material, the activation of the drive device will cause displacement axial piston inside the initial barrel chamber dragging the volume of water forward that will be driven by the mouth of said barrel in a blurred or fogged way. He Piston has a guide rod. In this mouth it fits the possibility of incorporating a solenoid valve that is activated by a pressure switch

Preferably, it will be chosen as a means of activation of a gas, although without discarding other systems of activation, taking into account basic concepts for development of this function, such as elementary in its application, low cost, lack of risks, easy feeding and easy adjustment of propellant energy, appropriate to each circumstance and controlled by the operator, in this case the pilot of the aircraft at his will and criteria of effectiveness in its application.

For that, in this case you will have in the cabin with a electronic circuit capable of adjusting in time and volume of gas, since we refer to it, to gas so that the projection later when he triggers the gas ignition system be by the preselected pilot himself.

One of the reasons why preference is given to the use of gas with respect to the explosive is that the detonation of the first can be adjusted and controlled at will in the moment of its application and the detonation of the explosive must be programmed prior to use, being more difficult the feeding of the explosive in the chamber which is achieved with the gas.

The application of this technique would be that the pilot once installed the equipment of the invention in his aircraft, in this case the helicopter, can reach the fires nearby or even to sites not accessible with other means, promptly and without the need for other means, nor staff collaborate with him in fulfilling this function, in such a way which will be at your discretion in the immediate vicinity of the fire, either doing a direct, indirect, vertical or in attack diagonal in front of the fire you want to extinguish.

As for this circumstance the pilot of helicopter is the one that has to make the system decisions of attack that you want to apply to the fire, you will then choose the most ideal to do it.

Regarding the application of this system or fire extinguishing technique, the pilot in the cabin alone you will have to manipulate a switch that will cause the explosion of the gas in the chamber and at your choice timing time or volume of gas deemed appropriate for liquid projections retardants are directed at greater or lesser distance.

Both the water tank or retarder, as in this case the most suitable gas for the application of this system, such as butane, propane or nitrogen or even hydrogen or the more suitable to go in a butane bottle type container or a container container of this product always as a measure of caution outside the helicopter, being the opening for contribution of this gas through a timer and a solenoid valve that the pilot will handle at will from the cabin.

This device in its most elementary version can be fixed on the skates of the helicopter without impeding for nothing its maneuverability, or it can even be handled by a person who projects and directs the extinguishing product in the direction of fire.

The extinguishing equipment will be properly disposed docked in the helicopter giving priority to the non-interference of the system of security of the same.

The water tank may have a component chemical retardant with adequate capacity. This deposit will be located inside, in the belly or even outside the main structure of the helicopter. In turn, this deposit is will send liquid to the initial chamber of the barrel, acquiring a certain volume and level.

Then, the pilot will activate the device impeller with gas ignition by pressing a button or similar associated to the electronic circuit.

Second, when media are used electrical, the guide rod is connected at its free end to a spindle coupled in a fixed body, so that its rotation will make advance or rewind the piston into the initial chamber, of where at least one exit cannon starts.

To do this, this spindle rotates coupled in that body fixed by the action of a motor, electric or other means, with two directions of rotation, so that when you rotate in one direction the piston moves forward while when the direction of rotation, the piston then recoils.

Said piston separates two cavities, anterior and later, which communicate with the water tank through mediation of two ducts where two upper valves have been inserted that close and open with the pressure and suction or depression that produces in these cavities.

These two valves are located at the points of connection of the two ducts with the cavities.

In turn, the anterior cavity communicates, by a longitudinal conduit, with a lower outlet barrel of the fluid. In the connection of this duct with the anterior cavity, a valve has been inserted, there is another in the connection of the Longitudinal duct with a lower outlet barrel. These two Valves also work under pressure and suction.

On the other hand, from the front face of the cavity later two fluid cannons start: a superior one that communicates directly with the posterior cavity and another cannon lower cited already in the previous paragraph that communicates with the longitudinal duct.

With this arrangement described, when the piston advances and the back cavity is filled with water, it will come out driven by the upper exit cannon while keeping the upper valve of that posterior cavity due to pressure existing. Simultaneously with this advance, in the anterior cavity a suction effect occurs where the upper valve of that anterior cavity remains open allowing water to enter From the deposit. In turn, the lower valve of that cavity anterior and the other couple valve located at the beginning of the canyon lower output, will remain closed also by the effect of suction.

Instead, when the piston recedes, the valves change their position, leaving the water from the cavity anterior through the lower barrel and longitudinal duct, keeping the two valves located at the ends of said longitudinal duct as will happen with the valve upper of the posterior cavity filling this. Instead, the Upper valve of the anterior cavity remains closed.

At a later stage the piston will return to move forward, repeating the process again and so on.

Third, when the media are used oleohydraulic, on the free front face of the initial chamber where the piston is located, on said face a body is fixed cylindrical-tubular where a attached plunger is located in solidarity with an axis that is a continuation of the piston rod main, so that through a pump and solenoid valves, as well as an oil tank and other necessary items, it moves the piston and piston forward and backward, whose operation to push the water outside is the same as described previously, keeping the two narrow exit canyons of the  fluid.

The compressed air option would be similar basically to the realization of the oleohydraulic system, changing the oil fluid for the air fluid, also changing the valves and other necessary elements.

Next to facilitate a better understanding of this descriptive report and being an integral part of the same accompany some figures in which with character illustrative and not limiting the object of the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of a first realization of fire extinguishing equipment. In In this case, the flow of water to extinguish a fire takes out with an explosive material.

Figure 2.- Shows a view of the equipment where the means to boost water consist of a spindle that rotates essentially through an electric motor or others.

Figure 3.- Shows another view of the equipment where the drive means consist of an oleohydraulic system or tire.

Description of the preferred embodiment

Considering the numbering adopted in the figures, in a first embodiment (figure 1), the equipment for Firefighting is determined from a water tank 1 that feeds, through an intermediate duct 2, to a initial chamber 3 that is part of a barrel structure 4 by whose mouth will drain out the water blurred or misted and driven by a piston or piston 5 located within that initial chamber 3 and which separates an anterior cavity 23 and a posterior cavity 24.

This piston 5 will move forward to push the water out, so that the displacement of the piston 5 will be caused by the ignition and subsequent explosion of a gas housed in a closed chamber 6 arranged behind the piston 5 and barrel 4 in correspondence with the chamber initial 3, so that the separation between this chamber 3 and the said chamber 6 is determined by the bottom of the barrel itself constituted by a perforated intermediate front wall 7. Thus, when the ignition occurs, the gas explosion force will transmits piston 5 through the perforations of that wall bottom front 7.

The piston 5 is attached to a guide rod 8 which crosses the intermediate wall 7, while passing through the chamber 6 of the gas, and protrudes behind it, associating to this projecting section a spring 9 of damping and recovery initial of the piston 5. This spring 9 is retained between the bedroom 6 and an end stop part 10 integral or fixed to said stem 8.

The barrel structure 4 also has a upper cavity 11 to absorb the sudden shock received by the liquid at the time of detonation.

The gas is fed from a cylinder 12 through a duct 13, where it has been inserted a bypass valve 14 controlled by a timer 15 for check the gas volume of each filling of the chamber 6, activating that timer 15 by a switch 16.

In turn, the ignition of the gas contained in the chamber 6 is carried out by a coil 17 and another trigger switch 18.

The volume of water to fill the initial chamber 3 will also be controlled at least by a valve, not represented in the drawings.

The final section of the canyon structure corresponding to your mouth can file a bankruptcy angular 19.

On the other hand, at the mouth of cannon 4, incorporates a solenoid valve 36 that is activated by a pressure switch 21, with or without delay, when activation occurs of the system. The pressure switch is associated with the anterior cavity 23 of  the initial camera 3.

The shape and volume of the water tank will have certain aerodynamic shape and will preferably be located in the helicopter exterior. Its capacity may vary according to benefits or limitations of the helicopter itself and logically with its corresponding approval for that purpose.

This must be easily accessible for filling in ground and if necessary with a suction pump that can fill it flying in stationary in swamps, rivers, swimming pools, sea, etc; as it is sometimes done with this system.

Preferably it will be installed on a level higher than the canyon so that simply by gravity you can fill the chamber of this one, although if necessary it could insert a support pump to give more agility to the filling between the tank and the barrel chamber.

The barrel can be straight of suitable dimensions and in this case, in its front part it will have a hinged plug with an antagonistic spring (elements not represented in the figure) that will open when the liquid pressure falls on it retardant, returning to the closed position at the time this pressure disappears.

Another of the designs in this case more advisable than the previous one, is as shown in the drawing with an angle in elevation of about 120º that allows the camera level barrel retardant liquid container is below the level of the bottom of the barrel extension, as It is shown in that drawing.

In both cases the explosion zone or in the part The top of the retarder cavity in the barrel will be equipped with a chamber or cavity, hump type that will never reach the level of retarding liquid and that at the time of detonation will serve as sudden shock absorber that receives the compressed liquid on the air of said hump so that at the time it is projected the liquid to the outside, it releases the air overpressure and help to evacuate the retarding liquid from the chamber and at the same time sweep the chamber making a total emptying of the retarding liquid in said chamber.

At the back of the canyon they will be located the mechanisms and systems that will propel the liquid in the chamber of the canyon and will develop as follows:

Said bedroom may be part of it. cannon structure and its function is to withstand detonations that are produced inside to project the liquid lodged in the initial chamber 3 and cannon. It has the following mechanisms as previously mentioned and complies with the following functions.

The stem 8 has a thread for clamping and adjustment of the tension of the spring 9, so that by the action of this one valve element seals the perforations of the front wall 7 in the resting position, giving tightness and independence from the anterior chamber 3 of the cannon structure

At the time of detonations through the perforations of that front wall, said valve will suffer a thrust that will overcome the spring resistance and project to the outside the barrel liquid.

The contribution of gas to the chamber, in this case, is will do as referred to above, from a container container, type butane bottle or similar that will be located in the outside the helicopter and equipped this vessel with a regulator of pressure and constant flow. In this conduit to the bedroom a solenoid valve will always be inserted from the barrel in closed position and which will predetermine the opening time to the pilot or person responsible for extinction to adjust the volume of gas in the chamber to achieve more optimal detonations according to the distance the water wants to project.

After the time set by the pilot in the timer, which means that the bedroom is full of gas, the respective solenoid valve will return to its position of closed rest, the system being currently available if activated, for which the pilot from the cockpit will press a switch that will provide ignition through a spark plug 20 to the gas contained in the chamber that will cause the detonation displacing the stem with its shut-off valve and allowing the overpressure that supports the chamber look for the exit projecting the liquid that is in the barrel chamber in the direction of the fire that is extinguishing.

The equipment of the invention can be linked also to a flame thrower that is to create artificial firewalls that can stop the progress of a fire.

In a second embodiment (Figure 2), the Equipment activation is carried out by turning a spindle 22 associated with the guide rod 8, so that the rotation of said spindle 22 will cause an axial displacement thereof that it will be transmitted to the guide rod 8 and obviously to the piston 5 which separates the two cavities, anterior 23 and posterior 24, from the initial camera 3.

On the other hand, from the front face of the cavity rear 24 start two fluid exit cannons: one upper 4 'that communicates directly with the posterior cavity 24 and another 4 '' bottom cannon.

Spindle 22 is rotated essentially through an electric motor 25, so that when it rotates in one direction the piston 5 moves forward, while when it does it in the opposite direction it goes back.

The two cavities 23 and 24 of the initial chamber 3 they communicate with the water tank 1 through two ducts that converge in a section that starts from said deposit 1.

At the connection points of these two ducts with cavities 24 and 25, upper valves have been arranged 26 and 27 that close and open with the fluid pressure of the cavities or with the suction or depression that occurs in those cavities 24 and 25.

On the other hand, the anterior cavity 23 communicates, via a longitudinal conduit 28, with the outlet barrel 4 '' lower fluid. In the connection of this conduit 28 with the anterior cavity 23 a valve 29 has been inserted, existing another 30 in the connection of the longitudinal duct 28 with the barrel of 4 '' bottom outlet. These two valves 29 and 30 also work at pressure and suction.

With this arrangement described, when the piston 5 advances and the posterior cavity 24 is filled with water, it will come out propelled by the upper 4 'cannon while remaining closed the upper valve 27 of that rear cavity 24 due to the Pressure. Simultaneously with this advance, in the anterior cavity 23 a suction effect occurs where the upper valve 26 of that anterior cavity 23 remains open allowing water to enter from the tank 1. In turn, the lower valve 29 of that anterior cavity 23 and the other couple valve 30 located in the start of the bottom 4 '' exit cannon, they will remain closed also for the effect of suction.

In contrast, when piston 5 recedes, the valves change their position leaving the water from the cavity anterior 23 through lower 4 '' barrel and longitudinal duct 28, keeping both valves 29 and 30 open in the ends of said longitudinal conduit 28, as will occur with the upper valve 27 of the rear cavity 24 filling is. In contrast, the upper valve 26 of the anterior cavity 23 It will remain closed.

At a later stage, the piston 5 will return to move forward, repeating the process again and so on.

In a third embodiment (Figure 3), it has been provided an oleohydraulic system that incorporates a cylinder double rod hydraulic 31, which connects to stem 8 of the piston 5 housed inside the initial chamber 3, so that at move the piston 32 of the hydraulic cylinder 31 in one or another way, so will the piston 5. In this case, the set  of the initial chamber 3 and other elements associated with it are the same as in the second embodiment.

The oil-hydraulic system includes, among others elements, an oil tank 33 that feeds a pump 34, providing this in turn oil to the two cylinder chambers 31 by means of solenoid valves 35, whose activation is carried out in a conventional way through the command or controls adequate.

The operation of the drive piston 5 and the set of the elements associated with the initial chamber 3 will be the same as in the case of the electric motor 25.

The activation of the equipment in the case of the spindle and Oil hydraulic system is carried out by a switch command 37.

Claims (10)

1. Fire extinguishing equipment, essentially characterized in that it is determined from an initial chamber (3) where a piston (5) is housed that separates two cavities, one anterior (23) and one posterior (24), the latter which communicates with the outside through at least one outlet barrel of a volume of fluid that is previously introduced from a reservoir (1) in at least one of the two cavities of that initial chamber (3), with interposition of a valve Opening and closing; also including a guide rod (8) integral with that piston (5), as well as means for rapid displacement of the piston (5) to propel the fluid out through the mouth of the cannons. 2. Equipment for extinguishing fires, according to claim 1, characterized in that the two cavities of the initial chamber (3) receive fluid from the water tank (1) by means of conduits with interposition of valves that open and close by pressure and suction that occur in these cavities (23 and 24); there is also a longitudinal conduit (28) that communicates the anterior cavity (23) with another outlet cannon (4 ''), longitudinal conduit that includes at its ends other valves (29 and 30) such as the previous ones; all this in order that when the fluid from one cavity exits through the respective barrel driven by the piston (5), the other cavity is filled with fluid by suction. 3. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial displacement means of the piston (5) consist of a rotating spindle (22) connected to the guide rod (8) as a continuation thereof, rotating said spindle (22 ) in one direction or another, essentially by means of an electric motor element (25) activated by a control switch (37) or other suitable means. 4. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial displacement means of the piston (5) consist of a double rod oleohydraulic cylinder (31) connected to the guiding rod (8), and whose piston (32) it moves in one direction or another by means of a control switch (37) that acts on the solenoid valves (35) that provide oil to one or another chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (31). 5. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial displacement means of the piston (5) consist of the explosion of an explosive material that is previously introduced into a chamber (6) integral with the front wall (7) of the initial chamber (3), so that the ignition of that explosive material will cause a force that will move the piston (5) forward through some holes through said front wall (7), holes that communicate the chamber ( 6) with the anterior cavity (23) of the initial chamber (3). 6. Equipment for extinguishing fires, according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide rod (8) of the piston (5) crosses the front wall (7), as well as the chamber (6) in axial direction, projecting a section thereof rod to the outside, this section where a spring (9) of damping and recovery of the piston (5) is coupled, while said spring (9) is axially retained between the chamber (6) and an end stop part (10) in solidarity with that outgoing section of the guide rod (8); also including a shut-off valve for the perforations of the front wall, a valve that closes by means of spring tension. 7. Equipment for extinguishing fires, according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the barrel includes a cushion cavity (11) that starts from the side wall of said cannon, while being in front of the anterior chamber (3). 8. Equipment for extinguishing fires according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that an end section of the barrel (4) corresponding to the exit thereof comprises at least one angular break (19). 9. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the filling of the chamber of the explosive material is carried out from a small tank or bottle (12) and a conduit (13) in a controlled manner by means of a valve (14) and a Timer element (15) that is activated by a switch (16). 10. Fire extinguishing equipment according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the barrel opening (4) incorporates an electrovalve (36) which is activated by a pressure switch (21) associated with the anterior cavity (23) of the initial chamber (3).