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EP4248160A1 - Tube bundle heat exchanger - Google Patents

Tube bundle heat exchanger

Info

Publication number
EP4248160A1
EP4248160A1 EP21798942.5A EP21798942A EP4248160A1 EP 4248160 A1 EP4248160 A1 EP 4248160A1 EP 21798942 A EP21798942 A EP 21798942A EP 4248160 A1 EP4248160 A1 EP 4248160A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tube
recess
tubes
tube bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21798942.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4248160B1 (en
Inventor
Harald GAIBLER
Achim Gotterbarm
Philipp Hofmann
Verena Obst
Michael Scheuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Priority to SI202130241T priority Critical patent/SI4248160T1/en
Publication of EP4248160A1 publication Critical patent/EP4248160A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4248160B1 publication Critical patent/EP4248160B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/067—Fastening; Joining by welding by laser welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Shell and tube heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a first fluid to a second fluid.
  • a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually has a hollow cylinder inside which a large number of tubes are arranged.
  • One of the two fluids can be conducted through the tubes, the other fluid through the hollow cylinder, in particular around the tubes.
  • the tubes are attached with their ends to one or more tube sheets of the tube bundle heat exchanger along their circumference. In the course of the manufacturing process of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the ends of the tubes are bonded to the tube sheet, for example.
  • the publication WO 2017/025 184 A1 describes a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate.
  • the tubes and the tube sheet are each made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and are bonded to the tube sheet by means of laser welding.
  • the intensity of the generated laser beam is over 1 MW/cm2. It is also contemplated that the tubes of the tube bundle heat exchanger will be welded to the tube sheet before laser welding be positively connected.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger to be produced has a large number of tubes, which are arranged inside a hollow cylinder.
  • the tube sheet can be designed as a plate and has bores whose diameter essentially corresponds to the outside diameter of the tubes. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these bores.
  • the tubes can run in a straight line within the hollow cylinder as a straight-tube heat exchanger.
  • two tube sheets are provided, which are arranged at opposite ends of the straight-tube heat exchanger. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these two tube sheets.
  • the tubes can also run in a U-shape within the hollow cylinder as a U-tube heat exchanger.
  • a U-tube heat exchanger usually has only one tube sheet.
  • the tubes since the tubes are bent into a U-shape, they can be attached to the same tube plate at both ends.
  • DE 10 2006 031 606 A1 discloses a method for laser welding a heat exchanger for exhaust gas cooling, in which an oscillating movement is also superimposed on a feed movement of the laser beam. This pendulum movement takes place essentially in the direction perpendicular to the feed direction. The pendulum movement is carried out for reasons of better bridging of gaps.
  • a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate is known from publication WO 2017/125 253 A1.
  • the tubes are laser welded to the tube sheet materially connected.
  • a laser beam is generated and focused on a point to be welded in a connection area between tube and tube sheet.
  • the laser beam is moved in such a way that it completes a first movement across the connection area and a second movement that is superimposed on the first movement and that is different from the first movement.
  • the second movement specifically influences the melt pool dynamics and advantageously modifies a vapor capillary that is created.
  • the object of the invention is to connect tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate reliably and with little effort and with high quality.
  • the invention includes a tube bundle heat exchanger with an enclosing outer shell and at least one tube sheet, which together define an interior space of the tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes, which, arranged in the interior, can be flowed through by a first fluid and are optionally supported by additional support plates.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have integral ribs with a rib foot, rib flanks and rib tip formed on the outside of the tube and formed in a helical manner, and a channel with a channel base is formed between the ribs.
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes at least one inlet on the outer shell, through which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior, and at least one outlet, through which the second fluid can be drained from the interior.
  • the shell and tube heat exchanger includes optionally at least one junction box arranged on the at least one tube sheet for distribution, deflection or collection of the first fluid.
  • the at least one tube sheet has recesses as passage points, each recess having an inner surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes at least project with their outer ribbing into the recesses of the tube sheet, as a result of which a joint gap is formed between the inner surface of a recess and the outer ribbing of a heat exchanger tube located within the recess.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have a material connection with the tube plate by means of joining material and including the outer ribbing, which is only formed in a first section of the recess extending in the axial direction from the end face of a heat exchanger tube, in that the joining gap in this first section is filled with joining material is, so that a second section of the recess remains, in which the joint gap is not filled with joining material, wherein the heat exchanger tube in the region of the second section on the outside of the tube also has external ribbing.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have external ribbing within the passage points at which they pass into a tube sheet or through a tube sheet. This outer ribbing is surrounded by the material for a material connection and the passage of gas or liquid is thus hermetically sealed. For a pure material connection, combinations together with a force fit and a form fit can also be used in an advantageous manner.
  • the joining material penetrates into the joining gap in the axial direction only to a certain degree in a first partial section from the end face, since the outer ribs prevent free passage, as is the case with a smooth tube, for example.
  • the outer ribs consequently form barriers that must be flowed around or melted. The flow around is of particular importance in the joining processes of soldering and gluing.
  • the outer ribbing of the heat exchanger tube is partially melted on at the front.
  • the melt flow is then preferably stopped at one of the outer ribs as soon as the temperature of the melt is no longer sufficient to melt a rib lying further inside. This barrier stops further penetration of the melt into the joint gap. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material is given during the joining process, which already completely closes the joint at or near the end face of the pipe.
  • a heat exchanger tube can also optionally have an internal structure.
  • the internal structure can be designed in the form of an internally circumferential helix with a predetermined helix angle.
  • the pitch of the encircling outer ribbing can be the same as, less than or greater than the pitch of the encircling helix predetermined by the twist angle.
  • the two structures can consequently differ in that for the integral connection of the outside of a heat exchanger tube to the container wall, the design of the external ribbing and the internal structure can be designed independently of one another and can thus be optimized.
  • the ratio of the maximum structure height of the outer ribbing and the maximum structure height of the inner structure is preferably in the range from 1.25 to 5 for condenser tubes and preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 for evaporator tubes.
  • investment costs are to be saved, since the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention can be built much more compactly.
  • the outer ribbing continues into the tube sheet, which means that the number of heat exchanger tubes per unit can be significantly reduced.
  • the finned tubes enable more efficient use of energy or the reduction of filling quantities, which lowers operating costs.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that an integral connection of the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheets is achieved in a particularly reliable and low-cost manner with high quality.
  • a heat exchanger tube with its external ribbing on the outside enters the tube sheet or passes through the tube sheet. The outer ribbing then remains immediately adjacent to the material connection of the tubes with the tube sheet.
  • the first partial section filled with joining material can be less than 70% of the length of the entire joining gap in the axial direction.
  • the filled-in first section of the joint gap covers only less than 50% of the total length.
  • the clear width between the fin tips of a heat exchanger tube and the inner surface of the recess can be a maximum of 30% of the fin height measured from the bottom of the channel to the fin tip.
  • the barrier effect of the outer ribs is over this clear width varies.
  • the joining material can be introduced in a targeted manner via this clear width of the joining gap to form the filled first subsection.
  • Another flow channel for the joining material is the channel formed by the molded, helically circumferential, integral ribs.
  • the channel cross section is predetermined by the rib height and the distance between adjacent ribs and is usually less pronounced than the selected clear width.
  • the material connection can be gas-tight and pressure-resistant.
  • hermetic sealing to prevent fluid exchange with the environment is important in any mode of operation.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have a
  • Inner tube diameter D2 which is larger than the inner tube diameter D1 of the heat exchanger tubes outside the passage points.
  • the process is based on a widening of the heat exchanger tube resulting in an enlarged inner passage diameter D2.
  • the outer ribbing is then squeezed within a penetration point by a widening. Nevertheless, the material connection ensures a stable hermetic seal.
  • the heat exchanger tubes can be soldered, glued or welded into the tube sheet.
  • others can also be added which reliably join the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheet by means of a materially bonded connection.
  • the outer ribbing on the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can preferably run in the circumferential direction or in the axial direction parallel to the tube axis.
  • the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can have external ribbing running around in a spiral. In the case of spiral external ribbing, only a residual gap and the channel that runs around spirally with external ribbing must be reliably sealed by the material connection.
  • At least one first heat exchanger tube can consist of a first material and at least one second heat exchanger tube can consist of a second material which differs from the first material.
  • steel pipes with particularly high strength can offer a particular advantage.
  • Copper tubes result in optimization with regard to efficient heat transfer.
  • Other materials such as titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and copper-nickel alloys can also be considered.
  • 1 shows a schematic side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger with a detailed view of a heat exchanger tube with external fins
  • 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet with a passage point
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, detailed view of a section of a materially bonded connection of the tube sheet to a heat exchanger tube.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 schematically shows a side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 with an enveloping outer shell 2 and two tube sheets 3 which together define an interior space 4 of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 .
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes 5 which, arranged in the interior 4 , can be flowed through by a first fluid for heat transfer and are supported by additional support plates 6 . Such support plates 6 are also often used as guide plates for the flow of fluid.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 also includes connection boxes 7, which distribute, divert or collect the first fluid inside the heat exchanger tubes, depending on the requirement.
  • a heat exchanger tube 5 with external ribs 51 is enlarged. Integral ribs 51 encircling the tube axis A in a helical manner are formed on the outside of the tube by a otherwise known rolling process.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet 3 with passage points 31.
  • the recess is in the Tube plate 3 is preferably just large enough for a heat exchanger tube 5 to be introduced with its outer ribbing 51 and to be connected there with a material fit.
  • Welded, glued and soldered connections as a material connection 20 can be made at the passage point 31, starting from the end face, over a first partial section of the wall thickness of a tube plate 3 and enter into a fluid-tight connection.
  • an unfilled remainder of the joint gap in the tube base wall 3 remains, which is not visible in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a vertical section of the tube sheet 3 in the plane of the passage point 31 of a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 shown has external ribbing 51 on the outside.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 passes through the tube plate 3 at the recess 31 as a passage point in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 has continuous outer ribbing 51.
  • a material connection 20 that has not yet been introduced in Figure 3, for example in the form of a continuous weld seam around the tube circumference with the tube sheet 3, is located after the joining process in a partial section of the joining gap 10.
  • Laser welding in particular is a suitable method for producing a material connection with a locally limited melt flow.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed view of a section of a material connection 20 of the tube sheet 3 with a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 is inserted in the direction of the tube axis A into the recess 31 made in the tube sheet 3 and closes with the end face 53 the outer tube sheet surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 have integral ribs 51 with rib base 511 , rib flanks 512 and rib tip 513 which are formed on the outside of the tube and run in the shape of a helical line.
  • a channel 52 with a channel base 521 is formed between adjacent ribs 51 .
  • a weld seam is shown as the integral connection 20, which is formed, for example, during laser welding.
  • suitable filler metals are used when joining. In this way, the flow of material and the quantity can be precisely matched to the desired joint.
  • certain areas of the tube sheet 3 as well as some outer ribs 51 on the heat exchanger tube 5 are at least partially melted and integrated as a joining material 20 due to the heat input from a laser.
  • the melt enters the joining gap 10 starting from the end face 53, but is blocked after a certain penetration depth, so that only a first partial section 101 on the end face of the joining gap 10, including the outer ribbing 51, is filled.
  • a rib 51 prevents further passage of the melt, which is no longer melted or flows around due to the decreasing temperature at the melt front and thus functions as a barrier. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material 20 is given during the joining process, which can already completely close the joint at or near the end face 53 of the pipe.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 thus have an integral connection 20 with the tube plate 3 which is only formed in a first partial section 101 of the recess 31 extending from the end face 53 of a heat exchanger tube 5 in the axial direction.
  • a second section 102 of the recess 31 is not filled with joining material.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 also has external ribbing 51 on the outside of the tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger (1) having a tube sheet (3), which together define an interior (4) of the tube bundle heat exchanger (1). The tube bundle heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle having a plurality of heat exchanger tubes (5) which are located in the interior (4) and through which a first fluid flows, which tubes are optionally supported by additional support plates (6) The heat exchanger tubes (5) have helically circumferential integral ribs (51) formed on the outside of the tube, which ribs have a rib foot, rib flanks and a rib tip, and a channel having a channel bottom is formed between the ribs (51). The tube sheet (3) has recesses as passage points, each recess having an inner surface. The outer ribbings (51) of the heat exchanger tubes (5) at least project into the recesses of the tube sheet (3), as a result of which a joining gap is formed in each case between the inner surface of the recess and the outer ribbing (51) of a heat exchanger tube (5) that is located within the recess. The heat exchanger tubes (5) are integrally bonded to the tube sheet (3) by means of joining material and taking into account the outer ribbing (51), which integral bond is only formed in a first portion of the recess that extends from the end face of a heat exchanger tube (5) in the axial direction by this first portion of the joining gap being filled with joining material, such that a second portion of the recess remains in which the joining gap is not filled with joining material, the heat exchanger tube (5) further having an outer ribbing (51) on the outside of the tube in the region of the second portion.

Description

Beschreibung description

Rohrbündelwärmetauscher shell and tube heat exchanger

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrbündelwärmetauscher gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

Rohrbündelwärmetauscher dienen dazu, Wärme von einem ersten Fluid auf ein zweites Fluid zu übertragen. Zu diesem Zweck weist ein Rohrbündelwärmetauscher zumeist einen Hohlzylinder auf, in dessen Innerem eine Vielzahl von Rohren angeordnet ist. Eines der beiden Fluide kann durch die Rohre geleitet werden, das andere Fluid durch den Hohlzylinder, insbesondere um die Rohre herum. Die Rohre sind mit ihren Enden an einem Rohrboden oder mehreren Rohrböden des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers entlang ihres Umfangs befestigt. Im Zuge des Herstellungsprozesses eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers werden die Rohre mit ihren Enden beispielsweise stoffschlüssig mit dem Rohrboden verbunden. Generell ist es wünschenswert, eine Möglichkeit bereitzustellen, um Rohre eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit einem Rohrboden des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers auf aufwandsarme und kostengünstige Weise in hoher Qualität miteinander zu verbinden. Shell and tube heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a first fluid to a second fluid. For this purpose, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually has a hollow cylinder inside which a large number of tubes are arranged. One of the two fluids can be conducted through the tubes, the other fluid through the hollow cylinder, in particular around the tubes. The tubes are attached with their ends to one or more tube sheets of the tube bundle heat exchanger along their circumference. In the course of the manufacturing process of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the ends of the tubes are bonded to the tube sheet, for example. In general, it is desirable to provide a way of connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate of the tube bundle heat exchanger in a high-quality, low-effort and cost-effective manner.

Aus der Druckschrift WO 2017/ 025 184 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Rohren eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit einem Rohrboden beschrieben. Die Rohre und der Rohrboden sind jeweils aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminium- Legierung gefertigt und werden mittels Laserschweißens mit dem Rohrboden stoffschlüssig verbunden. Die Intensität des erzeugten Laserstrahls liegt dabei über 1 MW/cm2. Auch ist angedacht, dass die Rohre des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit dem Rohrboden vor dem Laserschweißen formschlüssig verbunden werden. The publication WO 2017/025 184 A1 describes a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate. The tubes and the tube sheet are each made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and are bonded to the tube sheet by means of laser welding. The intensity of the generated laser beam is over 1 MW/cm2. It is also contemplated that the tubes of the tube bundle heat exchanger will be welded to the tube sheet before laser welding be positively connected.

Der herzustellende Rohrbündelwärmetauscher weist in seinem gefertigten, betriebsbereiten Zustand eine Vielzahl von Rohren auf, die im Inneren eines Hohlzylinders angeordnet sind. Der Rohrboden kann als eine Platte ausgebildet sein und weist Bohrungen auf, welche in ihrem Durchmesser im Wesentlichen den Außendurchmessern der Rohre entsprechen. Jedes Rohr ist mit einem seiner Enden jeweils an einer dieser Bohrungen befestigt. In its finished, ready-to-operate state, the tube bundle heat exchanger to be produced has a large number of tubes, which are arranged inside a hollow cylinder. The tube sheet can be designed as a plate and has bores whose diameter essentially corresponds to the outside diameter of the tubes. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these bores.

Die Rohre können innerhalb des Hohlzylinders als Geradrohr-Wärmetauscher geradlinig verlaufen. In diesem Fall sind zwei Rohrböden vorgesehen, welche an gegenüberliegenden Enden des Geradrohr-Wärmetauschers angeordnet sind. Jedes Rohr ist mit jeweils einem seiner Enden dabei an jeweils einem dieser zwei Rohrböden befestigt. The tubes can run in a straight line within the hollow cylinder as a straight-tube heat exchanger. In this case, two tube sheets are provided, which are arranged at opposite ends of the straight-tube heat exchanger. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these two tube sheets.

Die Rohre können innerhalb des Hohlzylinders auch als U-Rohr-Wärmetauscher U-förmig verlaufen. Ein derartiger U-Rohr-Wärmetauscher weist üblicherweise nur einen Rohrboden auf. Da die Rohre in diesem Fall U-förmig gebogen sind, können sie jeweils mit ihren beiden Enden an demselben Rohrboden befestigt werden. The tubes can also run in a U-shape within the hollow cylinder as a U-tube heat exchanger. Such a U-tube heat exchanger usually has only one tube sheet. In this case, since the tubes are bent into a U-shape, they can be attached to the same tube plate at both ends.

Aus der DE 10 2006 031 606 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Laserschweißen eines Wärmetauschers zur Abgaskühlung bekannt, bei dem einer Vorschubbewegung des Laserstrahls zudem eine Pendelbewegung überlagert wird. Diese Pendelbewegung erfolgt im Wesentlichen in senkrechter Richtung zu der Vorschubrichtung. Die Pendelbewegung erfolgt aus Gründen der besseren Überbrückung von Spalten. DE 10 2006 031 606 A1 discloses a method for laser welding a heat exchanger for exhaust gas cooling, in which an oscillating movement is also superimposed on a feed movement of the laser beam. This pendulum movement takes place essentially in the direction perpendicular to the feed direction. The pendulum movement is carried out for reasons of better bridging of gaps.

Des Weiteren ist aus der Druckschrift WO 2017/ 125 253 A1 ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Rohren eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit einem Rohrboden bekannt. Die Rohre werden mittels Laserschweißen mit dem Rohrboden stoffschlüssig verbunden. Zur Verbindung wird ein Laserstrahl erzeugt und auf eine zu schweißende Stelle in einem Verbindungsbereich zwischen Rohr und Rohrboden fokussiert. Hierbei wird der Laserstrahl derart bewegt, dass er eine erste Bewegung über den Verbindungsbereich hinweg und eine der ersten Bewegung überlagerte zweite Bewegung vollzieht, die unterschiedlich zu der ersten Bewegung ist. Durch die zweite Bewegung wird gezielt die Schmelzbaddynamik beeinflusst und eine entstehende Dampfkapillare vorteilhaft modifiziert. Furthermore, a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate is known from publication WO 2017/125 253 A1. The tubes are laser welded to the tube sheet materially connected. For the connection, a laser beam is generated and focused on a point to be welded in a connection area between tube and tube sheet. In this case, the laser beam is moved in such a way that it completes a first movement across the connection area and a second movement that is superimposed on the first movement and that is different from the first movement. The second movement specifically influences the melt pool dynamics and advantageously modifies a vapor capillary that is created.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Rohre eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit einem Rohrboden zuverlässig und in aufwandsarmer Weise in hoher Qualität zu verbinden. The object of the invention is to connect tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate reliably and with little effort and with high quality.

Die Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 wiedergegeben. Die weiteren rückbezogenen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. The invention is represented by the features of claim 1. The further dependent claims relate to advantageous developments and refinements of the invention.

Die Erfindung schließt einen Rohrbündelwärmetauscher mit einem umhüllenden Außenmantel sowie zumindest einem Rohrboden ein, die zusammen einen Innenraum des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers definieren. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher umfasst ein Rohrbündel mit einer Vielzahl von Wärmeaustauscherrohren, die im Innenraum angeordnet von einem ersten Fluid durchströmbar sind und wahlweise durch zusätzliche Stützbleche gestützt werden. Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre weisen auf der Rohraußenseite ausgeformte schraubenlinienförmig umlaufende integrale Rippen mit Rippenfuß, Rippenflanken und Rippenspitze auf und zwischen den Rippen ist ein Kanal mit einem Kanalgrund ausgebildet. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher umfasst zumindest einen Einlass am Außenmantel, über den ein zweites Fluid in den Innenraum eingeleitet werden kann, und zumindest einen Auslass, über den das zweite Fluid aus dem Innenraum abgeleitet werden kann. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher umfasst wahlweise mindestens einen an dem mindestens einen Rohrboden angeordneten Anschlusskasten zur Verteilung, Umlenkung oder Sammlung des ersten Fluids. Der mindestens eine Rohrboden weist Ausnehmungen als Durchtrittstellen auf, wobei jede Ausnehmung eine innere Oberfläche besitzt. Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre ragen mit ihrer Außenberippung in die Ausnehmungen des Rohrbodens zumindest hinein, wodurch ein Fügespalt jeweils zwischen der inneren Oberfläche einer Ausnehmung und der innerhalb der Ausnehmung befindlichen Außenberippung eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs ausgebildet ist. Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre weisen mittels Fügematerial und unter Einbeziehung der Außenberippung eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit dem Rohrboden auf, welche lediglich in einem sich von der Stirnseite eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs in axialer Richtung erstreckenden, ersten Teilabschnitt der Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, indem in diesem ersten Teilabschnitt der Fügespalt mit Fügematerial ausgefüllt ist, so dass ein zweiter Teilabschnitt der Ausnehmung verbleibt, in dem der Fügespalt nicht mit Fügematerial ausgefüllt ist, wobei das Wärmeaustauscherrohr im Bereich des zweiten Teilabschnitts auf der Rohraußenseite weiterhin eine Außenberippung aufweist. The invention includes a tube bundle heat exchanger with an enclosing outer shell and at least one tube sheet, which together define an interior space of the tube bundle heat exchanger. The tube bundle heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes, which, arranged in the interior, can be flowed through by a first fluid and are optionally supported by additional support plates. The heat exchanger tubes have integral ribs with a rib foot, rib flanks and rib tip formed on the outside of the tube and formed in a helical manner, and a channel with a channel base is formed between the ribs. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes at least one inlet on the outer shell, through which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior, and at least one outlet, through which the second fluid can be drained from the interior. The shell and tube heat exchanger includes optionally at least one junction box arranged on the at least one tube sheet for distribution, deflection or collection of the first fluid. The at least one tube sheet has recesses as passage points, each recess having an inner surface. The heat exchanger tubes at least project with their outer ribbing into the recesses of the tube sheet, as a result of which a joint gap is formed between the inner surface of a recess and the outer ribbing of a heat exchanger tube located within the recess. The heat exchanger tubes have a material connection with the tube plate by means of joining material and including the outer ribbing, which is only formed in a first section of the recess extending in the axial direction from the end face of a heat exchanger tube, in that the joining gap in this first section is filled with joining material is, so that a second section of the recess remains, in which the joint gap is not filled with joining material, wherein the heat exchanger tube in the region of the second section on the outside of the tube also has external ribbing.

Mit anderen Worten: Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre weisen innerhalb der Durchtrittsstellen, an denen sie in einen Rohrboden ein oder durch einen Rohrboden hindurchtreten eine Außenberippung auf. Diese Außenberippung wird durch das Material für eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung umschlossen und so ein Durchtritt von Gas oder Flüssigkeit hermetisch abgedichtet. Zum reinen Stoffschluss können auch Kombination zusammen mit Kraftschluss und Formschluss in vorteilhafter Weise eingesetzt werden. In other words: The heat exchanger tubes have external ribbing within the passage points at which they pass into a tube sheet or through a tube sheet. This outer ribbing is surrounded by the material for a material connection and the passage of gas or liquid is thus hermetically sealed. For a pure material connection, combinations together with a force fit and a form fit can also be used in an advantageous manner.

Das Fügematerial dringt in axialer Richtung nur zu einem gewissen Grad in einem ersten Teilabschnitt von der Stirnseite her in den Fügespalt ein, da die Außenrippen einem freien Durchtritt, wie beispielsweise bei einem Glattrohr gegeben, entgegenstehen. Die Außenrippen bilden folglich Barrieren, die umströmt oder aufgeschmolzen werden müssen. Das Umströmen ist insbesondere bei den Fügeverfahren Löten und Kleben von besonderer Bedeutung. Beim Schweißen wird stirnseitig die Außenberippung des Wärmeaustauscherrohrs zum Teil mit aufgeschmolzen. Der Schmelzefluss wird dann bevorzugt an einer der Außenrippen gestoppt, sobald die Temperatur der Schmelze nicht mehr ausreicht, eine weiter innen liegende Rippe aufzuschmelzen. Diese Barriere stoppt das weitere Eindringen der Schmelze im Fügespalt. Auf diese Weise ist ein definierter Fließvorgang des Fügematerials beim Fügevorgang gegeben, der die Fügestelle bereits an oder in der Nähe der Rohrstirnseite vollständig verschließt. The joining material penetrates into the joining gap in the axial direction only to a certain degree in a first partial section from the end face, since the outer ribs prevent free passage, as is the case with a smooth tube, for example. The outer ribs consequently form barriers that must be flowed around or melted. The flow around is of particular importance in the joining processes of soldering and gluing. During welding, the outer ribbing of the heat exchanger tube is partially melted on at the front. The melt flow is then preferably stopped at one of the outer ribs as soon as the temperature of the melt is no longer sufficient to melt a rib lying further inside. This barrier stops further penetration of the melt into the joint gap. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material is given during the joining process, which already completely closes the joint at or near the end face of the pipe.

Zur Außenberippung kann ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr zudem wahlweise eine Innenstruktur aufweisen. Die Innenstruktur kann in Gestalt einer innen umlaufenden Helix mit einem vorgegebenen Drallwinkel ausgeführt sein. Für den Fall, dass die Außenseite der Wärmeaustauscherrohre eine spiralig umlaufende Außenberippung aufweist, kann die Steigung der umlaufenden Außenberippung gleich, geringer oder größer als die durch den Drallwinkel vorgegebene Steigung der umlaufenden Helix ausgebildet sein. Beide Strukturen können sich folglich dahingehend unterscheiden, dass zur stoffschlüssigen Verbindung der Außenseite eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs mit der Behälterwandung die Gestaltung der Außenberippung und der Innenstruktur unabhängig voneinander gestaltet und so optimiert werden können. For external ribbing, a heat exchanger tube can also optionally have an internal structure. The internal structure can be designed in the form of an internally circumferential helix with a predetermined helix angle. In the event that the outside of the heat exchanger tubes has spiral outer ribbing, the pitch of the encircling outer ribbing can be the same as, less than or greater than the pitch of the encircling helix predetermined by the twist angle. The two structures can consequently differ in that for the integral connection of the outside of a heat exchanger tube to the container wall, the design of the external ribbing and the internal structure can be designed independently of one another and can thus be optimized.

Zur Optimierung des Wärmeaustauschs sind beiden Strukturen jedoch gewisse Grenzen vorgegeben. So liegt das Verhältnis der maximalen Strukturhöhe der Außenberippung und der maximalen Strukturhöhe der Innenstruktur für Verflüssigerrohre bevorzugt im Bereich von 1 ,25 bis 5 und für Verdampferrohre bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,5 bis 2. Vor allem Investitionskosten sollen gespart werden, da die erfindungsgemäßen Rohrbündelwärmetauscher wesentlich kompakter gebaut werden können. Hierbei setzt sich die Außenberippung bis in den Rohrboden hinein fort, wodurch die Anzahl der Wärmeaustauscherrohre pro Einheit deutlich reduziert werden kann.In order to optimize the heat exchange, however, both structures are subject to certain limits. The ratio of the maximum structure height of the outer ribbing and the maximum structure height of the inner structure is preferably in the range from 1.25 to 5 for condenser tubes and preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 for evaporator tubes. Above all, investment costs are to be saved, since the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention can be built much more compactly. The outer ribbing continues into the tube sheet, which means that the number of heat exchanger tubes per unit can be significantly reduced.

Je nach Anforderung ermöglichen die Rippenrohre einen effizienteren Energieeinsatz oder die Reduzierung von Füllmengen, was die Betriebskosten senkt. Depending on the requirements, the finned tubes enable more efficient use of energy or the reduction of filling quantities, which lowers operating costs.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung der Wärmeaustauscherrohre mit den Rohrböden besonders zuverlässig und aufwandsarm in hoher Qualität erzielt wird. Erfindungsgemäß tritt ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr mit seiner außenseitigen Außenberippung in den Rohrboden ein oder durch den Rohrboden hindurch. An die stoffschlüssige Verbindung der Rohre mit dem Rohrboden verbleibt dann unmittelbar angrenzend die Außenberippung erhalten. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass im Inneren des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers die Wärmeaustauscherrohre für eine effiziente Wärmeübertragung eine durchgängige Außenberippung aufweisen. The invention is based on the consideration that an integral connection of the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheets is achieved in a particularly reliable and low-cost manner with high quality. According to the invention, a heat exchanger tube with its external ribbing on the outside enters the tube sheet or passes through the tube sheet. The outer ribbing then remains immediately adjacent to the material connection of the tubes with the tube sheet. This has the particular advantage that inside the tube bundle heat exchanger, the heat exchanger tubes have continuous external ribbing for efficient heat transfer.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der mit Fügematerial ausgefüllte erste Teilabschnitt in axialer Richtung weniger als 70 % der Länge des gesamten Fügespalts betragen. Vorteilhafterweise umfasst der ausgefüllte erste Teilabschnitt des Fügespalts lediglich weniger als 50 % der Gesamtlänge. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first partial section filled with joining material can be less than 70% of the length of the entire joining gap in the axial direction. Advantageously, the filled-in first section of the joint gap covers only less than 50% of the total length.

Insbesondere bei Schweißverbindungen können bereits auch 20 % Füllgrad des ersten Teilabschnitts genügen, um eine fluiddichte stoffschlüssige Verbindung herzustellen. Particularly in the case of welded joints, a degree of filling of the first subsection of 20% can already suffice in order to produce a fluid-tight, materially bonded connection.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die lichte Weite zwischen den Rippenspitzen eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs und der inneren Oberfläche der Ausnehmung maximal 30 % der vom Kanalgrund bis zur Rippenspitze gemessenen Rippenhöhe betragen. Über diese lichte Weite wird die Barrierewirkung der Außenrippen variiert. Insbesondere bei den Fügeverfahren Löten und Kleben kann das Fügematerial über diese lichte Weite des Fügespalts zur Ausbildung des gefüllten ersten Teilabschnitts gezielt eingebracht werden. Ein weiterer Fließkanal für das Fügematerial stellt zudem der durch die ausgeformten schraubenlinienförmig umlaufenden integralen Rippen gebildete Kanal dar. Der Kanalquerschnitt ist allerdings durch die Rippenhöhe und des Abstandes benachbarter Rippen vorgegeben und üblicherweise gegenüber der gewählten lichten Weite geringer ausgeprägt. Advantageously, the clear width between the fin tips of a heat exchanger tube and the inner surface of the recess can be a maximum of 30% of the fin height measured from the bottom of the channel to the fin tip. The barrier effect of the outer ribs is over this clear width varies. Particularly in the case of the joining methods of soldering and gluing, the joining material can be introduced in a targeted manner via this clear width of the joining gap to form the filled first subsection. Another flow channel for the joining material is the channel formed by the molded, helically circumferential, integral ribs. However, the channel cross section is predetermined by the rib height and the distance between adjacent ribs and is usually less pronounced than the selected clear width.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die stoffschlüssige Verbindung gasdicht und druckbeständig ausgeführt sein. Über die Funktionen hinsichtlich mechanischer Stabilität verbunden mit einer effizienten Wärmeübertragung hinaus ist eine hermetische Abdichtung zur Verhinderung eines Fluidaustausches mit der Umgebung in jedem Betriebsmodus wichtig. Advantageously, the material connection can be gas-tight and pressure-resistant. In addition to the mechanical stability features associated with efficient heat transfer, hermetic sealing to prevent fluid exchange with the environment is important in any mode of operation.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen die Wärmeaustauscherrohre in den Durchtrittsstellen einenIn an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger tubes have a

Rohrinnendurchmesser D2 auf, der größer ist als der Rohrinnendurchmesser D1 der Wärmeaustauscherrohre außerhalb der Durchtrittsstellen. Inner tube diameter D2, which is larger than the inner tube diameter D1 of the heat exchanger tubes outside the passage points.

Wenn die Wärmeaustauscherrohre innerhalb der Durchtrittsstellen, an denen sie in den Rohrboden ein oder durch den Rohrboden hindurchtreten immer noch eine Außenberippung aufweisen, liegt verfahrensseitig eine Aufweitung des Wärmeaustauscherrohrs mit der Folge eines vergrößerten Durchtrittsinnendurchmessers D2 zugrunde. Durch eine Aufweitung wird dann innerhalb einer Durchtrittsstelle die Außenberippung gequetscht. Dennoch sorgt die stoffschlüssige Verbindung für eine stabile hermetische Abdichtung. If the heat exchanger tubes still have external ribbing within the passage points at which they enter or pass through the tube sheet, the process is based on a widening of the heat exchanger tube resulting in an enlarged inner passage diameter D2. The outer ribbing is then squeezed within a penetration point by a widening. Nevertheless, the material connection ensures a stable hermetic seal.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Wärmeaustauscherrohre in den Rohrboden gelötet, geklebt oder geschweißt sein. Zu den genannten bevorzugten Verbindungsarten können auch weitere hinzutreten, welche die Wärmeaustauscherrohre mittels einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung mit dem Rohrboden zuverlässig fügen. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger tubes can be soldered, glued or welded into the tube sheet. In addition to the preferred types of connection mentioned, others can also be added which reliably join the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheet by means of a materially bonded connection.

Prinzipiell kann die Außenberippung auf der Außenseite der Wärmeaustauscherrohre bevorzugt in umfänglicher Richtung oder in axialer Richtung parallel zur Rohrachse verlaufen. Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Außenseite der Wärmeaustauscherrohre eine spiralig umlaufende Außenberippung aufweisen. Bei einer spiraligen Außenberippung muss lediglich ein Restspalt und der spiralig mit einer Außenberippung umlaufende Kanal durch die stoffschlüssige Verbindung zuverlässig abgedichtet werden. In principle, the outer ribbing on the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can preferably run in the circumferential direction or in the axial direction parallel to the tube axis. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can have external ribbing running around in a spiral. In the case of spiral external ribbing, only a residual gap and the channel that runs around spirally with external ribbing must be reliably sealed by the material connection.

Auch wenn regelmäßig für die Wärmeaustauscherrohre ein geeignetes einheitliches Material bevorzugt ist, kann in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung mindestens ein erstes Wärmeaustauscherrohr aus einem ersten Material bestehen und mindestens ein zweites Wärmeaustauscherrohr aus einem zweiten Material bestehen, welches sich vom ersten Material unterscheidet. Hinsichtlich der mechanischen Stabilität können Stahlrohre mit besonders hoher Festigkeit einen besonderen Vorteil bieten. Kupferrohre bewirken hingegen eine Optimierung hinsichtlich einer effizienten Wärmeübertragung. Auch andere Materialien, wie beispielsweise Titan, Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen sowie Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen kommen in Betracht. Even if a suitable uniform material is generally preferred for the heat exchanger tubes, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention at least one first heat exchanger tube can consist of a first material and at least one second heat exchanger tube can consist of a second material which differs from the first material. With regard to mechanical stability, steel pipes with particularly high strength can offer a particular advantage. Copper tubes, on the other hand, result in optimization with regard to efficient heat transfer. Other materials such as titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and copper-nickel alloys can also be considered.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings.

Darin zeigen: Show in it:

Fig. 1 schematisch eine Seitenansicht eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers mit Detailansicht eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs mit Außenrippen, Fig. 2 schematisch eine Frontansicht eines Ausschnitts eines Rohrbodens mit Durchtrittsstelle, 1 shows a schematic side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger with a detailed view of a heat exchanger tube with external fins, 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet with a passage point,

Fig.3 schematisch einen senkrechten Schnitt des Rohrbodens in der Ebene der Durchtrittsstelle der Wärmeaustauscherrohre, und 3 schematically shows a vertical section of the tube sheet in the plane of the passage point of the heat exchanger tubes, and

Fig. 4 schematisch eine Detailansicht eines Schnittes einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung des Rohrbodens mit einem Wärmeaustauscherrohr. 4 is a schematic, detailed view of a section of a materially bonded connection of the tube sheet to a heat exchanger tube.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Seitenansicht eines Rohrbündelwärmetauschers 1 mit einem umhüllenden Außenmantel 2 sowie zwei Rohrböden 3, die zusammen einen Innenraum 4 des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers 1 definieren. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 umfasst ein Rohrbündel mit einer Vielzahl von Wärmeaustauscherrohren 5, die im Innenraum 4 angeordnet von einem ersten Fluid zur Wärmeübertragung durchströmbar sind und durch zusätzliche Stützbleche 6 gestützt werden. Derartige Stützbleche 6 werden oft auch zudem als Leitbleche für den Fluidfluss eingesetzt. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 umfasst zudem Anschlusskästen 7, die das erste Fluid im Inneren der Wärmeaustauscherrohre je nach Anforderung verteilen, umlenken oder sammeln. Es ist zumindest ein Einlass 8 am Außenmantel 2 vorhanden, über den ein zweites Fluid zur Wärmeübertragung in den Innenraum eingeleitet werden kann, und zumindest ein Auslass 9 über den das zweite Fluid aus dem Innenraum abgeleitet werden kann. In der Detailansicht ist ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 mit Außenrippen 51 herausvergrößert. Durch ein im Übrigen bekanntes Walzverfahren sind auf der Rohraußenseite ausgeformte schraubenlinienförmig um die Rohrachse A umlaufende integrale Rippen 51 ausgebildet. 1 schematically shows a side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 with an enveloping outer shell 2 and two tube sheets 3 which together define an interior space 4 of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 . The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes 5 which, arranged in the interior 4 , can be flowed through by a first fluid for heat transfer and are supported by additional support plates 6 . Such support plates 6 are also often used as guide plates for the flow of fluid. The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 also includes connection boxes 7, which distribute, divert or collect the first fluid inside the heat exchanger tubes, depending on the requirement. There is at least one inlet 8 on the outer casing 2, via which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior for heat transfer, and at least one outlet 9 via which the second fluid can be discharged from the interior. In the detailed view, a heat exchanger tube 5 with external ribs 51 is enlarged. Integral ribs 51 encircling the tube axis A in a helical manner are formed on the outside of the tube by a otherwise known rolling process.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch eine Frontansicht eines Ausschnitts eines Rohrbodens 3 mit Durchtrittsstellen 31. An einer Durchtrittsstelle 31 ist die Ausnehmung im Rohrboden 3 bevorzugt gerade so groß, dass ein Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 mit seiner Außenberippung 51 eingebracht und dort stoffschlüssig verbunden werden kann. Schweiß-, Klebe- und Lötverbindungen als stoffschlüssige Verbindung 20 können an der Durchtrittsstelle 31 , ausgehend von der Stirnseite, über einen ersten Teilabschnitt der Wandstärke eines Rohrbodens 3 erfolgen und eine fluiddichte Verbindung eingehen. In einem in die Tiefe reichenden zweiten Teilabschnitt verbleibt ein, in Figur 2 nicht sichtbar, nicht ausgefüllter Rest des Fügespalts in der Rohrbodenwandung 3 erhalten. Fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet 3 with passage points 31. At a passage point 31, the recess is in the Tube plate 3 is preferably just large enough for a heat exchanger tube 5 to be introduced with its outer ribbing 51 and to be connected there with a material fit. Welded, glued and soldered connections as a material connection 20 can be made at the passage point 31, starting from the end face, over a first partial section of the wall thickness of a tube plate 3 and enter into a fluid-tight connection. In a deep second sub-section, an unfilled remainder of the joint gap in the tube base wall 3 remains, which is not visible in FIG.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch einen senkrechten Schnitt des Rohrbodens 3 in der Ebene der Durchtrittsstelle 31 eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs 5. Das dargestellte Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 weist auf der Außenseite eine Außenberippung 51 auf. Das Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 tritt an der Ausnehmung 31 als Durchtrittsstelle im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch den Rohrboden 3 hindurch. An dieser Durchtrittsstelle 31 weist das Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 eine durchgängige Außenberippung 51 auf. Eine in der Figur 3 noch nicht eingebrachte stoffschlüssige Verbindung 20, beispielsweise in Gestalt einer um den Rohrumfang durchgängigen Schweißnaht mit dem Rohrboden 3, befindet sich nach dem Fügevorgang in einem Teilabschnitt des Fügespalts 10. Je nach Materialkombination aus dem Rohrboden 3 und aus dem Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 kann es an der Schweißstelle 20 zu vorteilhaften intermetallischen neuen Phasenbildungen im Schmelzebad kommen. Ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung mit einem örtlich begrenzten Schmelzefluss stellt insbesondere das Laserschweißen dar. 3 schematically shows a vertical section of the tube sheet 3 in the plane of the passage point 31 of a heat exchanger tube 5. The heat exchanger tube 5 shown has external ribbing 51 on the outside. The heat exchanger tube 5 passes through the tube plate 3 at the recess 31 as a passage point in the exemplary embodiment shown. At this passage point 31, the heat exchanger tube 5 has continuous outer ribbing 51. A material connection 20 that has not yet been introduced in Figure 3, for example in the form of a continuous weld seam around the tube circumference with the tube sheet 3, is located after the joining process in a partial section of the joining gap 10. Depending on the material combination of the tube sheet 3 and the heat exchanger tube 5 advantageous intermetallic new phase formations can occur in the molten bath at the welding point 20 . Laser welding in particular is a suitable method for producing a material connection with a locally limited melt flow.

Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch eine Detailansicht eines Schnittes einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung 20 des Rohrbodens 3 mit einem Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5. In der dargestellten Ausführung ist das Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 in Richtung der Rohrachse A in die im Rohrboden 3 eingebrachte Ausnehmung 31 eingeschoben und schließt mit der Stirnseite 53 mit der äußeren Rohrbodenoberfläche ab. Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre 5 weisen auf der Rohraußenseite ausgeformte schraubenlinienförmig umlaufende integrale Rippen 51 mit Rippenfuß 511 , Rippenflanken 512 und Rippenspitze 513 auf. Zwischen benachbarten Rippen 51 ist ein Kanal 52 mit einem Kanalgrund 521 ausgebildet. In Figur 4 ist als stoffschlüssige Verbindung 20 eine Schweißnaht dargestellt, die sich beispielsweise beim Laserschweißen ausbildet. Gegebenenfalls werden materialseitig geeignete Schweißzusätze beim Fügen verwendet. Auf diese Weise kann auch der Materialfluss und die Menge genau auf die gewünschte Fügeverbindung abgestimmt werden. Bei der dargestellten stoffschlüssigen Verbindung wird verfahrensbedingt durch den Wärmeeintrag eines Lasers sowohl gewisse Bereiche des Rohrbodens 3 wie auch einige Außenrippen 51 am Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 zumindest teilweise mit aufgeschmolzen und als Fügematerial 20 integriert. Beim Fügen tritt die Schmelze ausgehend von der Stirnseite 53 in den Fügespalt 10 ein, wird jedoch nach einer gewissen Eindringtiefe blockiert, so dass nur ein erster stirnseitiger Teilabschnitt 101 des Fügespalts 10 unter Einbeziehung der Außenberippung 51 ausgefüllt ist. Den weiteren Durchtritt der Schmelze verhindert eine Rippe 51 , die aufgrund der abnehmenden Temperatur an der Schmelzefront nicht mehr aufgeschmolzen oder umströmt wird und so als Barriere fungiert. Auf diese Weise ist ein definierter Fließvorgang des Fügematerials 20 beim Fügevorgang gegeben, der die Fügestelle bereits an oder in der Nähe der Rohrstirnseite 53 vollständig verschließen kann. Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed view of a section of a material connection 20 of the tube sheet 3 with a heat exchanger tube 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger tube 5 is inserted in the direction of the tube axis A into the recess 31 made in the tube sheet 3 and closes with the end face 53 the outer tube sheet surface. The heat exchanger tubes 5 have integral ribs 51 with rib base 511 , rib flanks 512 and rib tip 513 which are formed on the outside of the tube and run in the shape of a helical line. A channel 52 with a channel base 521 is formed between adjacent ribs 51 . In FIG. 4, a weld seam is shown as the integral connection 20, which is formed, for example, during laser welding. If necessary, suitable filler metals are used when joining. In this way, the flow of material and the quantity can be precisely matched to the desired joint. In the case of the material connection shown, certain areas of the tube sheet 3 as well as some outer ribs 51 on the heat exchanger tube 5 are at least partially melted and integrated as a joining material 20 due to the heat input from a laser. During joining, the melt enters the joining gap 10 starting from the end face 53, but is blocked after a certain penetration depth, so that only a first partial section 101 on the end face of the joining gap 10, including the outer ribbing 51, is filled. A rib 51 prevents further passage of the melt, which is no longer melted or flows around due to the decreasing temperature at the melt front and thus functions as a barrier. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material 20 is given during the joining process, which can already completely close the joint at or near the end face 53 of the pipe.

Die Wärmeaustauscherrohre 5 weisen so eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung 20 mit dem Rohrboden 3 auf, welche lediglich in einem sich von der Stirnseite 53 eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs 5 in axialer Richtung erstreckenden, ersten Teilabschnitt 101 der Ausnehmung 31 ausgebildet ist. Ein zweiter Teilabschnitt 102 der Ausnehmung 31 ist nicht mit Fügematerial ausgefüllt. Im zweiten Teilabschnitt 102 weist Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 auf der Rohraußenseite weiterhin eine Außenberippung 51 auf. Bezugszeichenliste The heat exchanger tubes 5 thus have an integral connection 20 with the tube plate 3 which is only formed in a first partial section 101 of the recess 31 extending from the end face 53 of a heat exchanger tube 5 in the axial direction. A second section 102 of the recess 31 is not filled with joining material. In the second section 102, the heat exchanger tube 5 also has external ribbing 51 on the outside of the tube. Reference List

1 Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 tube bundle heat exchanger

2 Außenmantel 2 outer jacket

3 Rohrboden 3 tube sheet

31 Ausnehmung, Durchtrittstelle 31 recess, passage point

311 innere Oberfläche der Ausnehmung Innenraum 311 inner surface of the recess interior

5 Wärmeaustauscherrohr 5 heat exchanger tube

51 integrale Rippen, Außenrippen 51 integral ribs, external ribs

511 Rippenfuß 511 rib foot

512 Rippeflanke 512 rib flank

513 Rippespitze 513 rib tip

52 Kanal 52 channel

521 Kanalgrund 521 canal bottom

53 Stirnseite 53 face

6 Stützblech 6 support plate

7 Anschlusskasten 7 junction box

8 Einlass 8 inlet

9 Auslass 9 outlet

10 Fügespalt 10 joint gap

101 ersten Teilabschnitt 101 first section

102 zweiter Teilabschnitt 102 second section

20 stoffschlüssige Verbindung, Fügematerial 20 material connection, joining material

A Rohrachse, axiale Richtung A Pipe axis, axial direction

D1 , D2 Rohrinnendurchmesser D1 , D2 pipe inner diameter

Pfeil Fluidfluss arrow fluid flow

Claims

Patentansprüche Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) mit einem umhüllenden Außenmantel (2) sowie zumindest einem Rohrboden (3), die zusammen einen Innenraum (4) des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers (1 ) definieren, umfassend Patent claims Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) with an enveloping outer shell (2) and at least one tube sheet (3), which together define an interior space (4) of the tube bundle heat exchanger (1), comprising - ein Rohrbündel mit einer Vielzahl von Wärmeaustauscherrohren (5), die im Innenraum (4) angeordnet von einem ersten Fluid durchströmbar sind und wahlweise durch zusätzliche Stützbleche (6) gestützt werden, wobei die Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) auf der Rohraußenseite ausgeformte, schraubenlinienförmig umlaufende integrale Rippen (51 ) mit Rippenfuß (511 ), Rippenflanken (512) und Rippenspitze (513) aufweisen und zwischen den Rippen (51 ) ein Kanal (52) mit einem Kanalgrund (521 ) ausgebildet ist, - a tube bundle with a plurality of heat exchanger tubes (5), which are arranged in the interior (4) and through which a first fluid can flow and are optionally supported by additional support plates (6), the heat exchanger tubes (5) being formed on the outside of the tube and encircling in a helical manner Have ribs (51) with rib foot (511), rib flanks (512) and rib tip (513) and between the ribs (51) a channel (52) with a channel base (521) is formed, - zumindest einen Einlass (8) am Außenmantel (2), über den ein zweites Fluid in den Innenraum (4) eingeleitet werden kann, und zumindest einen Auslass (9), über den das zweite Fluid aus dem Innenraum (4) abgeleitet werden kann, - At least one inlet (8) on the outer shell (2) through which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior (4), and at least one outlet (9) through which the second fluid can be drained from the interior (4). , - wahlweise mindestens einen an dem mindestens einen Rohrboden (3) angeordneten Anschlusskasten (7) zur Verteilung, Umlenkung oder Sammlung des ersten Fluids, wobei der mindestens eine Rohrboden (3) Ausnehmungen (31 ) als Durchtrittstellen aufweist, wobei jede Ausnehmung (31 ) eine innere Oberfläche (311 ) besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - optionally at least one connection box (7) arranged on the at least one tube sheet (3) for distribution, deflection or collection of the first fluid, wherein the at least one tube sheet (3) has recesses (31) as passage points, each recess (31) having a has inner surface (311), characterized in that - dass die Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) mit ihrer Außenberippung (51 ) in die Ausnehmungen (31 ) des Rohrbodens (3) zumindest hineinragen, wodurch ein Fügespalt (10) jeweils zwischen der inneren Oberfläche (311 ) einer Ausnehmung (31 ) und der innerhalb der Ausnehmung (31 ) befindlichen Außenberippung (51 ) eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs (5) ausgebildet ist, - that the heat exchanger tubes (5) with their outer ribbing (51) at least protrude into the recesses (31) of the tube plate (3), whereby a joint gap (10) in each case between the inner surface (311) of a recess (31) and the inside of the Recess (31) located outer ribbing (51) of a heat exchanger tube (5) is formed, - dass die Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) mittels Fügematerial (20) und unter Einbeziehung der Außenberippung (51 ) eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung (20) mit dem Rohrboden (3) aufweisen, welche lediglich in einem sich von der Stirnseite (53) eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs (5) in axialer Richtung (A) erstreckenden, ersten Teilabschnitt (101 ) der Ausnehmung (31 ) ausgebildet ist, indem in diesem ersten Teilabschnitt (101 ) der Fügespalt (10) mit Fügematerial (20) ausgefüllt ist, so dass ein zweiter Teilabschnitt (102) der Ausnehmung (31 ) verbleibt, in dem der Fügespalt (10) nicht mit Fügematerial ausgefüllt ist, wobei das Wärmeaustauscherrohr (5) im Bereich des zweiten Teilabschnitts (102) auf der Rohraußenseite weiterhin eine Außenberippung (51 ) aufweist. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mit Fügematerial (20) ausgefüllte erste Teilabschnitt (101 ) in axialer Richtung (A) weniger als 70 % der Länge des gesamten Fügespalts (10) beträgt. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die lichte Weite zwischen den Rippenspitzen (513) eines Wärmeaustauscherrohrs (5) und der inneren Oberfläche (311 ) der Ausnehmung (31 ) maximal 30 % der vom Kanalgrund (521 ) bis zur Rippenspitze (513) gemessenen Rippenhöhe beträgt. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stoffschlüssige Verbindung (20) gasdicht und druckbeständig ausgeführt ist. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) in den Ausnehmungen als Durchtrittsstellen (31 ) einen Rohrinnendurchmesser D2 aufweisen, der größer ist als der Rohrinnendurchmesser D1 der Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) außerhalb der Durchtrittsstellen (31 ). Rohrbündelwärmetauscher (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeaustauscherrohre (5) in den Rohrboden (3) gelötet, geklebt oder geschweißt sind. - that the heat exchanger tubes (5) have a material connection (20) to the tube sheet (3) by means of joining material (20) and including the outer ribbing (51), which only extends from the end face (53) of a heat exchanger tube (5) in the axial direction (A) extending, first section (101) of the recess (31) is formed by the joining gap (10) being filled with joining material (20) in this first section (101), so that a second section (102) the recess (31) remains, in which the joining gap (10) is not filled with joining material, the heat exchanger tube (5) in the region of the second section (102) on the outside of the tube also having external ribbing (51). Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the joining material (20) filled with the first section (101) in the axial direction (A) is less than 70% of the length of the entire joint gap (10). Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clear width between the rib tips (513) of a heat exchanger tube (5) and the inner surface (311) of the recess (31) is a maximum of 30% of the channel base (521) to to the rib tip (513) measured rib height. Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material connection (20) is designed to be gas-tight and pressure-resistant. Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger tubes (5) in the recesses as passage points (31) have a tube inner diameter D2 which is larger than the tube inner diameter D1 of the heat exchanger tubes (5) outside the passage points ( 31 ). Tube bundle heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger tubes (5) are soldered, glued or welded into the tube plate (3).
EP21798942.5A 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Tube bundle heat exchanger Active EP4248160B1 (en)

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DE102020007022 2020-11-17
PCT/EP2021/000127 WO2022106045A1 (en) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Tube bundle heat exchanger

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JP2023548673A (en) 2023-11-20
US20230392871A1 (en) 2023-12-07
TW202227771A (en) 2022-07-16
EP4248160B1 (en) 2024-10-02
HUE069375T2 (en) 2025-03-28
WO2022106045A1 (en) 2022-05-27
JP7583930B2 (en) 2024-11-14
US12345476B2 (en) 2025-07-01
TWI899355B (en) 2025-10-01
CN116670459A (en) 2023-08-29
KR20230110247A (en) 2023-07-21
MX2023005414A (en) 2023-05-22

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