EP4070351A1 - Vakuumschalter - Google Patents
VakuumschalterInfo
- Publication number
- EP4070351A1 EP4070351A1 EP20839049.2A EP20839049A EP4070351A1 EP 4070351 A1 EP4070351 A1 EP 4070351A1 EP 20839049 A EP20839049 A EP 20839049A EP 4070351 A1 EP4070351 A1 EP 4070351A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum
- vacuum switch
- vacuum interrupter
- base
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
- H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vacuum switch with two base elements spaced from one another and a vacuum interrupter arranged between the base elements.
- Such vacuum switches are circuit breakers in which switching contact elements movable relative to one another are arranged in the vacuum interrupter in order to avoid or reduce a switching arc when the switching contact elements are separated.
- the vacuum interrupter is arranged within an electrically isolating housing in an insulating gas, which is compressed to increase its dielectric strength by a high pressure in order to be able to arrange metallic components in the housing at a smaller distance from each other and thereby save space .
- Such vacuum switches are relatively complex and expensive due to the pressurized insulating gas and also not functional in the event of a pressure drop.
- the vacuum interrupter is alternatively or additionally coated with a plastic that replaces or supplements the dielectric function of the insulating gas. In this design, however, forces, in particular forces due to temperature changes, are transferred from the plastic to the housing of the vacuum interrupter, so that this design is only suitable for relatively small vacuum interrupter, where the forces are so low that they do not affect the vacuum interrupter to damage.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a vacuum scarf ter which is improved in particular with regard to its func- tional safety and the reduction of forces acting on the vacuum interrupter.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a vacuum switch having the features of claim 1.
- a vacuum switch comprises two spaced-apart base elements, a vacuum interrupter arranged between the Sockelelemen th and several mechanically rigid support elements, each made of an insulating material. Each support element is connected to both Sockelelemen th and surrounds the vacuum interrupter partially and without contact. The support elements are spaced from one another around the vacuum interrupter and are surrounded by an electrically non-conductive elastomer which fills the spaces between the support elements and between the support elements and the vacuum interrupter.
- the invention combines a multi-part support structure of the vacuum interrupter formed by the support elements with an electrically non-conductive elastomer which surrounds the support elements.
- the support elements give the vacuum switch mechanical strength by connecting the base elements of the vacuum switch to one another.
- the Tragele elements contribute to the dielectric strength, which is achieved in other construction forms of vacuum switches by a pressurized insulating gas and / or a plastic encasing the vacuum interrupter. Because the support elements surround the vacuum interrupter in a contact-free manner and at a distance from one another and are only connected to the vacuum interrupter via the elastomer, almost no forces are transmitted from the support elements to the vacuum interrupter. Changes in temperature lead to changes in the volume of the elastomer.
- the elastomer can "breathe" through the spaces between the support elements. Because the vacuum switch has several support elements distributed around the vacuum interrupter, the support elements can also be mounted individually and their shape can be adapted to the shape of the vacuum interrupter, so that each of the support elements has a substantially constant distance over its entire length the vacuum interrupter.
- a one-piece, tubular support element would have to have a minimum inside diameter that is greater than a ma ximal outside diameter of the vacuum interrupter in order to be able to mount the support element around the vacuum interrupter.
- the distance between the support element and the vacuum interrupter would vary along the vacuum interrupter, so that the wall thickness and thus the mechanical and dielectric strength of the jacket formed by the support element and the elastomer around the vacuum interrupter would vary.
- more elastomer would be required to fill the gap between the vacuum interrupter and the support element, which can significantly increase the costs of the vacuum switch, since suitable elastomers are usually relatively expensive.
- the invention thus realizes an insulating gas-free vacuum switch in which hardly any forces of a supporting structure are transferred to the vacuum interrupter and which is therefore also suitable for large vacuum interrupter.
- the insulating gas-free design means that there are no components for gas monitoring, pressure sealing systems and pressure vessel parts.
- a vacuum switch according to the invention can also be designed in a simple manner by a corresponding design in particular of the Tragele elements for different requirements, for example, to realize certain screen geometries, creepage distances, thicknesses and / or throw distances.
- At least one base element has a fastening flange which is connected to the support element. This allows for easy and appropriate connection of the support elements with a Sockelele element.
- the support elements are connected to the base elements by screw connections and / or adhesive connections.
- Screw connections can be implemented, for example, by threaded bushings introduced into the support elements and enable a detachable connection between the support elements and the base elements.
- the vacuum interrupter is connected to a first base element and a movable switching contact element of the vacuum interrupter protrudes into the second base element.
- the first Sockelele element thus carries the vacuum interrupter.
- the vacuum interrupter can be arranged on the first base element via a fixed (non-movable) switch contact element which has an end out of the vacuum interrupter which is connected to the first base element.
- components of a mechanism for moving the movable switch contact element can be arranged for example.
- the first base element has a screen area which surrounds an end area of the vacuum interrupter facing the first base element like an umbrella, and a hollow cylinder area or a bolt-like solid cylinder area adjoining the screen area away from the vacuum interrupter.
- the second base element is designed essentially as a hollow cylinder into which an end region of the vacuum interrupter facing the second base element protrudes. The base elements can thereby contribute to the shielding of electrical fields at the end areas of the vacuum interrupter.
- the vacuum switch has an external Surface that runs around the support elements.
- the outer surface formed by the elastomer can have several umbrella-like surface areas running concentrically around the support elements.
- the elastomer is used before geous to form the outer surface of the vacuum switch, in particular to form insulating screens to extend creepage for creepage currents along the outer surface of the vacuum switch.
- the elastomer is a silicone elastomer. Silicone elastomers are UV-resistant and are therefore particularly suitable for forming an outer surface of the vacuum switch.
- each of the support elements is made of a plastic or a fiber-plastic composite or a ceramic material.
- Plastics and fiber-plastic composites are preferred Ma materials for the production of the support elements, since with them re relatively easy support elements with a suitable shape and with the necessary mechanical and dielectric properties can be produced. Ceramic material can also be used, but is relatively brittle and heavy and is therefore usually less preferred.
- At least one support element has at least one recess which is filled with the elastomer.
- Recesses in the support elements like the spaces between the support elements, serve to divert changes in volume of the elastomer to the outside in order to avoid or reduce stresses on the vacuum interrupter.
- At least one recess in a support element has an oval shape.
- Oval shapes also include shapes that have straight edges in sections, for example wise a "racetrack shape”. Recesses with oval shapes avoid dielectrically unfavorable corners of the recesses and a suitable compromise between mechanical and dielectric strength of the support element is made possible.
- At least one recess in a support element is formed by a recess in a base body of the support element, in which at least one filler body of the support element is arranged, which is connected to the base body by an elastic web.
- the elasticity of the web enables the filler body to be movable with respect to the base body.
- the filler body embedded in the elastomer can move relative to the base body when the volume of the elastomer changes, in particular as a function of temperature.
- the elastomer can "breathe" through the recess in the base body.
- the filler body saves on elastomer, which means that the manufacturing costs for the vacuum switch can be reduced, since the material from which the support elements are made is usually cheaper than the elastomer.
- the support element has an essentially constant wall thickness.
- load-critical areas of the support element with very small wall thicknesses and a varying dielectric strength of the support elements are advantageously avoided. Be rich of the support elements that are exposed to particularly strong local loads, can of course have greater wall thicknesses than the other areas.
- each support element has a shape corresponding to the vacuum interrupter, so that the support element has a substantially constant distance from the vacuum interrupter.
- a uniform wall thickness and thus a uniform mechanical and dielectric strength of the support element and the elastomer around the vacuum interrupter can advantageously be achieved formed mantle can be achieved.
- the amount of elastomer required to manufacture the vacuum switch can advantageously be minimized by minimizing the distance between the support elements and the vacuum interrupter and thus the spaces to be filled with the elastomer.
- the support elements are first mounted around the vacuum interrupter and then encapsulated with the elastomer in a casting mold.
- the elastomer can be applied in a simple manner after pre-assembly of the other components of the vacuum switch in a mold into which the pre-assembled vacuum switch is introduced.
- FIG. 2 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 1 in a pre-assembled state without elastomer
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of a support element of the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 5 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 4 in a pre-assembled state without elastomer
- 6 shows a perspective illustration of a support element of the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 4,
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment example of a vacuum switch
- FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
- FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of a fifth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
- FIG. 10 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 9 in a pre-assembled state without elastomer
- FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of a sixth embodiment example of a vacuum switch
- FIG. 12 shows the vacuum switch shown in FIG. 11 in a preassembled state without elastomer.
- Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- the vacuum switch 1 comprises two spaced-apart Sockelele elements 3, 5, a between the base elements 3, 5 te vacuum interrupter 7 and two mechanically rigid Tragelemen te 9, the are each connected to both base elements 3, 5.
- Each support element 9 surrounds the vacuum interrupter 7 almost half-circumferentially and without contact, and is made of an insulating material.
- the support elements 9 are arranged at a distance from one another around the vacuum interrupter 7, so that together they surround the vacuum interrupter 7 in a tubular manner with slots 10 extending between them.
- the Tragele elements 9 are surrounded by an electrically non-conductive elastomer 13, which the spaces between the support elements 9, which form the slots 10, and between the support elements 9 and the vacuum interrupter 7 fills and forms a consciousnessoberflä surface 15 of the vacuum switch 1, which runs around the Tragelemen 9 around.
- FIG. 2 shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG. 1 in a preassembled state without the elastomer 13.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of a support element 9 of the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG.
- the vacuum interrupter 7 has a metallic Mittelbe rich 17, two metallic end regions 19, 21 and two Isola tion areas 23, 25 on.
- the central region 17 has a larger diameter than the end regions 19, 21 and the isolation areas 23, 25 and is rich between the Isolationsbe 23, 25 arranged.
- the insulation areas 23, 25 are each made of an electrically non-conductive material gefer taken.
- a first end region 19 protrudes into the first Sockelele element 3 and connects to a first Isolationsbe rich 23 on.
- the second end area 21 protrudes into the second base element 5 and adjoins the second insulation area 23.
- Two electrically conductive switching contact elements 27, 29 are arranged in the vacuum interrupter 7.
- a first switching contact element 27 is firmly connected to the first end region 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7.
- One end of the first switching contact element 27 led out of the vacuum interrupter 7 is connected to the first base element 3, for example by a screw connection (not shown).
- the vacuum interrupter 7 is thereby connected to the first base element 3.
- the second switch contact element 29 is by a mechanism not shown relative to the first switch contact element 27 between a first switch position in which the switch contact elements 27, 29 touch, and a second switch position shown in Figure 1, in which the Switching contact elements 27, 29 are spaced apart, movable.
- One end of the second switching contact element 29 is led out of the vacuum switching tube 7 through an opening in the second end region 21.
- the base elements 3, 5 are each made of a metal, for example aluminum, or an alloy.
- Each base element 3, 5 is essentially designed as a hollow cylinder, with one end of the first base element 3 facing the vacuum interrupter 7 being designed as a screen area 31 which closes the hollow cylinder area 39 on the vacuum interrupter side and the first end area 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7 surrounds like an umbrella.
- On the Schirmbe rich 31 is the middle from the vacuum interrupter 7 led out end of the first switch contact element 27 is arranged.
- each base element 3, 5 has an outwardly protruding fastening flange 33, 35, to which the ends of both support elements 9 are fastened by screw connections.
- threaded sockets 12 for receiving a screw element are introduced into the ends of the support elements 9 (cast in for example).
- the fastening flange 33 of the first base element 3 is arranged near the first end region 19 of the vacuum interrupter 7, the fastening flange 35 of the second base element 5 is net angeord near the second end region 21 of the vacuum interrupter 7.
- the two support elements 9 extend between the fastening flanges 33, 35 along the vacuum interrupter 7.
- Each of the support element 9 has a shape corresponding to the vacuum interrupter 7, so that the support element 9 has a substantially constant distance from the vacuum interrupter 7.
- each support element 9 widens in a middle section 9.1 corresponding to the middle area 17 of the vacuum interrupter 7, opposite side sections 9.2, 9.3 which are adjacent to the middle section 9.1 on both sides and which correspond to the insulation areas 23, 25 of the vacuum interrupter 7.
- On each page section 9.2, 9.3 this is followed by an end section 9.4, 9.5 of the support element 9, in which threaded bushings 12 are introduced and which for this purpose has a greater wall thickness than the central section 9.1 and the side sections 9.2, 9.3.
- the support elements 9 are made, for example, of a plastic, a fiber-plastic composite or a ceramic material.
- the elastomer 13 is, for example, a silicone elastomer.
- the outer surface 15 formed by the elastomer 13 has several umbrella-like surface areas 37 running concentrically around the support elements 9.
- the tra gel elements 9 are first mounted around the vacuum interrupter 7 and connected to the base elements 3, 5.
- Figure 2 shows the pre-assembled vacuum switch 1. Subsequently, the pre-assembled vacuum switch 1 is encapsulated in a mold with the elastomer 13, the spaces between the support elements 9 and between the support elements 9 and the vacuum interrupter 7 being filled with the elastomer 13 and the outer surface 15 of the vacuum switch 1 is formed.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- This exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in that each support element 9 has several recesses 11.
- recesses 11 are each arranged in the middle section 9.1 and the two side sections 9.2, 9.3 of the support element 9.
- the recesses 11 each have an oval shape with straight edges in sections and are each filled by the elastomer 13.
- FIG. 5 (FIG. 5), analogously to FIG. 2, shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 (FIG. 6) shows a perspective illustration of a support element 9 of the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a third exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- This exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the design of the first base element 3 3 does not have a hollow cylinder area 39 but a bolt-like full cylinder area 41 which has a smaller diameter than the screen area 31.
- the full cylinder area 41 can include at least one screw that runs through this area in order to fasten the first switch contact element 27 to the first base element 3.
- the first base element 3 can have a base body through which at least one screw is guided into the first switch contact element 27 in the longitudinal direction.
- the base body in the solid cylinder area 41 is not designed as a solid solid cylinder, but has at least one bore for a screw. However, together with the at least one screw, the base body then essentially forms a full cylinder in the full cylinder area 41.
- the first switching contact element 27 can, however, also be connected to the first base element 3 in some other way, for example by welding or shrinking.
- the solid cylinder area 41 can be designed as a solid one-piece solid cylinder. Compared to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the smaller diameter of the first base element 3 in the full cylinder area 41 saves material for the first base element 3 and for the elastomer 13 and the weight of the vacuum switch 1 is reduced.
- FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7 in that the screen area 31 of the The first base element 3 protrudes obliquely from the full cylinder area 41 to the vacuum interrupter 7 and has a central area 43 which extends the full cylinder area 41 on the vacuum interrupter side and on which the end of the first switching contact element 27 leading out of the vacuum interrupter 7 is arranged.
- the solid cylinder area 41 can include at least one screw that runs through this area in order to fasten the first switch contact element 27 to the first base element 3.
- the support elements 9 each extend as far as the end of the first base element 3 on the vacuum interrupter side.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show a fifth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 in the design of the support elements 9.
- the support elements 9 expand in their Central sections 9.1 not opposite their side sections 9.2, 9.3, but each have an outer diameter that is constant over their entire length.
- each Tragele element 9 has only two recesses 11 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.
- FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of the vacuum switch 1.
- FIG. 10 shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG. 9 in a pre-installed state without the elastomer 13.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show a sixth exemplary embodiment of a vacuum switch 1.
- This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in the design of the recesses 11 in the support elements 9.
- Each recess 11 in a support element 9 is formed by an oval recess 11.1 in a base body 9.6 of the support element 9, in which at least one filler body 9.7 of the support element 9 is arranged, which is connected to the base body 9.6 by a web 9.8.
- Each web 9.8 is narrow and therefore elastic out, so that the by him ver with the base body 9.6 connected filler 9.7 relative to the base body 9.6 is movable.
- FIG. 11 shows a sectional representation of the vacuum switch 1.
- FIG. 12 shows the vacuum switch 1 shown in FIG. 11 in a pre-assembled state without the elastomer 13.
- FIGS. 1 to 12 The features of the exemplary embodiments of a vacuum switch 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 12 can be combined with one another to form further exemplary embodiments.
- the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 can each be modified in that their support elements 9 have recesses 11 analogous to those shown in FIGS.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 have support elements 9 shown. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 can be modified in that the support elements 9 are designed without recesses 11.
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020200738.1A DE102020200738A1 (de) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-01-22 | Vakuumschalter |
| PCT/EP2020/087621 WO2021148217A1 (de) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-12-22 | Vakuumschalter |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4070351A1 true EP4070351A1 (de) | 2022-10-12 |
| EP4070351B1 EP4070351B1 (de) | 2025-04-09 |
| EP4070351C0 EP4070351C0 (de) | 2025-04-09 |
Family
ID=74175829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20839049.2A Active EP4070351B1 (de) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-12-22 | Vakuumschalter |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4070351B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114981911A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020200738A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021148217A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020200753A1 (de) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vakuumschalter |
| DE102023207757A1 (de) * | 2023-08-11 | 2025-02-13 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Steuerelement und Anordnung zum Schalten von Spannungen |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10207892B4 (de) * | 2002-02-20 | 2004-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Schaltkontaktstück |
| FR2925755B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2012-08-03 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Isolation d'un dispositif de coupure de type ampoule a vide par surmoulage |
| CN201796808U (zh) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-04-13 | 无锡市锡山湖光电器有限公司 | 真空灭弧室外绝缘密封装置 |
| DE102016218316A1 (de) | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vakuumschalter |
| DE102017222941A1 (de) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hochspannungsleistungsschalter und Verfahren zum elektromagnetischen Abschirmen einer Vakuumschaltröhre in einem Isolator |
-
2020
- 2020-01-22 DE DE102020200738.1A patent/DE102020200738A1/de active Pending
- 2020-12-22 EP EP20839049.2A patent/EP4070351B1/de active Active
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202080094088.1A patent/CN114981911A/zh active Pending
- 2020-12-22 WO PCT/EP2020/087621 patent/WO2021148217A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4070351B1 (de) | 2025-04-09 |
| CN114981911A (zh) | 2022-08-30 |
| DE102020200738A1 (de) | 2021-07-22 |
| WO2021148217A1 (de) | 2021-07-29 |
| EP4070351C0 (de) | 2025-04-09 |
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