Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/10—Liquid materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/34—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of compositions for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly for cooling the battery and / or power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It aims in particular to provide a cooling composition compatible with its use in a battery and / or power electronics, and exhibiting improved stability at high temperatures, in particular at the temperatures reached in the event of thermal runaway.
• electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, while a hybrid vehicle comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
• propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention is understood to denote a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
• the propulsion system thus more particularly encompasses an electric motor comprising the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
• the battery itself is generally made up of a set of electric accumulators, called cells.
• it is necessary to implement, in electric or hybrid vehicles, compositions to meet the lubrication and / or cooling constraints of the various parts of the propulsion system mentioned above.
• electric propulsion systems generate heat during operation via the electric motor, power electronics and batteries. Since the amount of heat generated is greater than the amount of heat normally dissipated to the environment, it is necessary to provide cooling for the engine, power electronics and batteries. In general, the cooling is carried out on several parts of the propulsion system generating heat and / or the parts of said system sensitive to heat, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures, and in particular the power electronics. and batteries.
• Lubricating compositions have been proposed to provide the dual function of lubrication and cooling.
• Lubricating compositions are conventionally composed of one or more base oils, which are generally associated with several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of base oils, such as, for example, friction modifying additives.
• document WO 2018/078290 proposes to use, to cool and / or lubricate a motorization system of an electric vehicle, a composition comprising at least one polyalkylene glycol obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of oxides. alkylene comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the invention aims specifically to provide a new composition, suitable for its implementation for cooling the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, in particular for cooling batteries and / or power electronics, while remaining stable at high temperatures, which can be achieved with overheating of the system, especially up to a temperature of 350 ° C or even 400 ° C.
• a subject of the present invention is thus the use, for cooling a propulsion system, in particular the battery and / or power electronics, of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition comprising at least one ester having a kinematic viscosity, measured at -25 ° C according to standard ASTM D445, less than or equal to 200 mm 2 / s and an auto-ignition point, measured according to standard ASTM E659, greater than or equal to 350 ° C.
• ester is understood to mean a compound comprising at least one ester function. It may in particular be a monoester, diester or triester.
• ester according to the invention will denote an ester meeting the aforementioned criteria in terms of kinematic viscosity and self-ignition point.
• the auto-ignition point also called the auto-ignition point, represents the temperature at which combustion begins itself, without the addition of flames.
• an ester according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 20 mm 2 / s, preferably less than or equal to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 10 mm 2 / s.
• an ester according to the invention advantageously has a particularly high self-ignition point, preferably greater than or equal to 360 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal to 380 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 400 ° C.
• a composition according to the invention can be formed, in whole or in part, of one or more esters as defined above.
• a cooling composition according to the invention is formed of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, even more preferably at least 80% by weight. by mass, or even at least 90% by mass, of one or more esters according to the invention, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• additives preferably one or more antioxidant (s)
• additives preferably one or more antioxidant (s)
• ester used according to the invention can in particular be chosen from:
• a monoester preferably a so-called “branched” monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid comprising at least one branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain and a monoalcohol comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain; and
• an ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester; and their mixtures.
• ester used according to the invention is chosen from:
• branched ester an ester, called “branched ester” in the remainder of the text, formed between at least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain, and at least one alcohol comprising at least one linear hydrocarbon chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably a branched monoester;
• an ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester;
• a branched ester according to the invention is formed from at least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably saturated, of 3 to 14 carbon atoms.
• a branched ester according to the invention can be formed from at least one alcohol comprising at least one branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably saturated, in particular from 3 to 14 carbon atoms.
• An ester according to the invention comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the oxygen atoms engaged in the said ester function (s), can be formed from at least one alcohol comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the said oxygen atom (s). from the said hydroxyl function (s) and / or from at least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one heteroatom other than the said oxygen atom (s) of the said carboxyl function (s), the said heteroatom (s) being chosen (s) from among the oxygen and nitrogen.
• an ester according to the invention comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the oxygen atoms engaged in said ester function (s), is formed from at least one alcohol comprising at least one ether function, preferably from at least one alcohol comprising at least one hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, in particular from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being interrupted by at least one d atom 'oxygen.
• An ester according to the invention is advantageously a monoester, diester or triester. Preferably, it is a monoester or a diester.
• an ester according to the invention is a monoester, in particular a branched monoester as defined above.
• an ester according to the invention is an ester comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function or functions. It can be a monoester, diester or triester, preferably a diester.
• an ester according to the invention is a branched monoester as defined above or a diester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably two heteroatoms, in in particular two oxygen atoms, distinct (s) from the oxygen atoms involved in the ester functions of the diester.
• a cooling composition according to the invention comprises at least one monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid comprising a hydrocarbon chain, preferably branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 3 to 14 carbon atoms. , and a monoalcohol comprising a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
• a monoester according to the invention can be a monoester formed between a branched and saturated C9 monocarboxylic acid and a branched and saturated C9 monoalcohol, such as 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate of 3,5,5- trimethyl hexanol.
• a composition according to the invention can comprise a mixture of monoesters formed between a monocarboxylic acid, branched and saturated, C9, for example 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and a mixture of monoalcohols, branched and saturated , Cx-C10, preferably a mixture of isomers of monoalcohols, branched and saturated, C9.
• a cooling composition according to the invention comprises at least one diester formed between a dicarboxylic acid comprising a linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, preferably from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, and a monoalcohol comprising a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, interrupted by at least one heteroatom, preferably by an oxygen atom.
• a diester according to the invention may be formed between a linear and saturated C4-C10 dicarboxylic acid and a monoalcohol comprising a linear and saturated C4-C10 hydrocarbon chain and interrupted by an oxygen atom.
• This may be, for example, dibutylglycol adipate.
• the esters according to the invention make it possible to advantageously combine good viscosity properties, suitable for their use for cooling a battery and / or electronics. power, and a particularly high self-ignition point, thus ensuring stability of the cooling composition, in particular resistance to ignition, in the event of overheating of the battery.
• the esters according to the invention exhibit a kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 20 mm 2 / s, preferably less than or equal to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 10 mm 2 / s.
• esters according to the invention advantageously exhibit a particularly high self-ignition point, preferably greater than or equal to 360 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal to 380 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 400 ° C.
• a cooling composition having both a viscosity suitable for its implementation at the level of a propulsion system, in particular of a battery and / or power electronics, of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and excellent resistance to ignition.
• a cooling composition according to the invention may be more particularly intended to be placed in direct contact with battery packs of electric vehicles, in particular Li-ion or nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries.
• battery packs of electric vehicles in particular Li-ion or nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries.
• a cooling composition according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to delay or prevent thermal runaway of said battery pack by preventing the cells from reaching a critical temperature and therefore from thermally racing.
• a cooling composition implemented according to the invention further exhibits excellent electrical insulation properties, which makes it particularly well suited for its use in hybrid and electric vehicles.
• the insulating properties can be evaluated by measuring the electrical resistivity of the cooling composition, in particular according to the ASTM DI 169 standard.
• the invention also relates to a method for cooling at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular the battery and / or power electronics, comprising at least one step of contacting at least said part, in particular said battery, for example a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, with a composition comprising at least one ester according to the invention, as defined above.
• the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a composition suitable for cooling a propulsion system, in particular the battery and / or the power electronics, of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said composition comprising:
• composition according to the invention can exhibit joint cooling and lubricating properties.
• a composition according to the invention used in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, makes it possible, in addition to its cooling function, to access good properties in terms of lubrication of parts of the propulsion system, for example for the lubrication of the transmission in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• FIG 1 schematically represents an electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
• the ester used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at -25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 200 mm 2 / s and a self-ignition point. , measured according to ASTM E659, greater than or equal to 350 ° C.
• an ester according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at - 25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 150 mm 2 / s, in particular less at 120 mm%, preferably less than or equal to 100 mm%, in particular ranging from 20 to 100 mm 2 / s and more particularly ranging from 40 to 70 mm 2 / s.
• an ester according to the invention advantageously has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 20 mm 2 / s, preferably less than or equal to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 10 mm 2 / s.
• ester used according to the invention advantageously exhibits an auto-ignition point, measured according to standard ASTM E659, greater than or equal to 360 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 380 ° C and more particularly greater or equal to 400 ° C.
• An ester according to the invention is preferably a monoester, a diester or a triester, preferably a monoester or a diester. It may preferably be a monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid and a monoalcohol. It can also be a diester formed between a dicarboxylic acid and a monoalcohol, or formed between a monocarboxylic acid and a diol.
• the ester used according to the invention can be saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated.
• Tester implemented according to the invention is chosen from:
• a monoester preferably a so-called “branched” monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid comprising at least one branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon chain and a monoalcohol comprising at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain; and
• an ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester; and their mixtures.
• Tester implemented according to the invention is chosen from:
• branched ester in particular a branched monoester, formed between at least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one branched hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, and at least one alcohol comprising at least one hydrocarbon chain linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated;
• an ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function or functions of said ester;
• carboxylic acid within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a compound comprising at least one carboxyl function. It can be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid. It is more preferably a monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic or tetracarboxylic acid. Preferably, the carboxylic acid is a monocarboxylic acid.
• alcohol within the meaning of the present invention is understood to denote a compound comprising at least one hydroxyl function. It can be a monoalcohol or a polyol. Preferably, it is a monoalcohol, diol or triol. Preferably, the alcohol is a monoalcohol.
• hydrocarbon chain within the meaning of the invention is intended to denote an alkyl or alkylene chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
• the hydrocarbon chain can optionally be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, in particular by one or more oxygen atoms.
• the hydrocarbon chain is an alkyl or alkylene chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It preferably comprises from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and in particular from 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
• the ester used according to the invention is a monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid and a monoalcohol.
• a monoester according to the invention can be more particularly formed between a monocarboxylic acid comprising a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or not, preferably saturated, preferably from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 14 carbon atoms. carbon, in particular from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and a monoalcohol having a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or not, preferably from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular of 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• a monoester according to the invention is a so-called “branched” monoester as defined in the remainder of the text.
• It may in particular be a monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid comprising a branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated; and a monoalcohol comprising at least one hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, preferably from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated.
• the monoester according to the invention is obtained from a saturated monocarboxylic acid, preferably branched, Cx to Cio, preferably C9, in particular 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid ; and a saturated, preferably branched, Cx to Cio, preferably C9, monoalcohol, for example from 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol or one of its isomers.
• the ester used according to the invention is an ester, called a “branched ester", formed between:
• At least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated;
• branched ester according to the invention is preferably a monoester, a diester or a triester. According to a particular embodiment, the branched ester according to the invention can be a monoester formed between a monocarboxylic acid and a monoalcohol.
• the branched ester according to the invention can be a diester, formed between a diol compound and two monocarboxylic acids, or alternatively formed between a dicarboxylic acid (diacid) and two monoalcohols.
• a branched ester used according to the invention is obtained from at least one carboxylic acid comprising at least one branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably saturated.
• the branched hydrocarbon chain of said carboxylic acid can more particularly comprise 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and more particularly 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• it can be formed from a linear main chain having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 5 to 8 carbon atoms, said main chain having at least one pendant alkyl group, preferably at least two alkyl groups. pendant, in particular at least three pendant alkyl groups, said alkyl groups being more particularly C 1 to C 4 , preferably C 1 to C 3 , in particular C 1 -C 2 , for example methyl groups.
• the branched ester according to the invention is obtained from a monocarboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon chain, in particular as defined above.
• the branched ester according to the invention is obtained from a branched and saturated Cx to Cio monocarboxylic acid, preferably C 9 , in particular 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid .
• the alcohol from which a branched ester is formed according to the invention may comprise a hydrocarbon chain, branched or not (linear), preferably saturated.
• the hydrocarbon chain of said alcohol may more particularly comprise from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• a branched ester according to the invention is formed from at least one alcohol comprising a branched hydrocarbon chain, in particular having from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 12 carbon atoms. , and more particularly from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the branched hydrocarbon chain can be formed from a main linear chain having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, said main chain having at least one pendant alkyl group, preferably at least two alkyl groups. pendant, in particular at least three pendant alkyl groups, said alkyl groups being more particularly C 1 to C 4 , preferably C 1 to C 3 , in particular C 1 -C 2 , for example methyl groups.
• the branched ester according to the invention is obtained from a monoalcohol having a hydrocarbon chain, in particular as defined above, preferably a branched hydrocarbon chain.
• the branched ester according to the invention is obtained from a branched monoalcohol which is saturated at Cx to Cio, preferably at C 9 , for example from 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol or one of its isomers.
• the test used according to the invention is an ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function or functions of said ester.
• the ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester, can be a branched ester or not.
• the test used according to the invention is a diester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably an oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function or functions of said ester.
• the ester comprising at least one heteroatom, preferably one oxygen atom, distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester according to the invention is formed between at least one carboxylic acid and at least one alcohol comprising at least one ether function, preferably from at least one alcohol comprising at least one hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, in particular from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being interrupted by at least one oxygen atom.
• the hydrocarbon chain of said alcohol can more particularly comprise 4 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably by an oxygen atom.
• the carboxylic acid from which an ester according to the invention is formed comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function (s) of said ester, can comprise at least one hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, of preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, in particular C 3 to C 14 , in particular C 4 to Cio, especially C 4 to Cs.
• the ester comprising at least one heteroatom distinct from the oxygen atoms involved in said ester function or functions, is a diester formed between a dicarboxylic acid and at least one monoalcohol comprising a chain hydrocarbon-based, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, interrupted by at least one heteroatom, preferably by an oxygen atom.
• the dicarboxylic acid comprises a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, especially C3-C14, preferably C4-C10, especially C O -CS. It may be, for example, adipic acid.
• the monoalcohol comprising a hydrocarbon chain interrupted by at least one heteroatom has a linear and saturated hydrocarbon chain, in particular from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and more particularly from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, said chain being interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably by an oxygen atom.
• Such a monoalcohol may more particularly comprise a C 2 to C 4 alkylene chain carrying at least one C 2 to Cr > alkoxy group , in particular C 4 . It can be, for example, butyl glycol.
• ester used according to the invention is dibutylglycol adipate.
• An ester according to the invention can more particularly correspond to the following formula (I): [Chem 1]
• G 1 represents a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, preferably branched, saturated or unsaturated, in particular having from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen atoms , and / or optionally bearing one or more R'-O- C (O) - groups, preferably one or two R 1 -O-C (0) - groups, with R 1 representing a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 1 to 13 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as atoms oxygen; and
• ° G 2 represents a hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, preferably branched, in particular having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen atoms , and / or optionally carrying one or more -OC (O) - R 2 groups , preferably one or two -0-C (0) -R 2 groups , with R 2 representing a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably branched, preferably from 3 to 13 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen atoms.
• an ester according to the invention may more particularly correspond to the following formula (I):
• ° G 1 represents a hydrocarbon chain, preferably branched, saturated or unsaturated, in particular having from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain possibly carrying one or more R 1 -0-C (0) - groups, preferably one or two R 1 -O-C (0) - groups, with R 1 representing a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably from 1 to 13 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as as oxygen atoms; and
• ° G 2 represents a hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, preferably branched, in particular having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen atoms , and / or optionally carrying one or more -OC (O) - R 2 groups , preferably one or two -0-C (0) -R 2 groups , with R 2 representing a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, preferably branched, preferably 3 to 13 carbon atoms.
• G 1 represents an alkyl group, preferably branched, in particular C 3 to C 13 , in particular C 4 to C 11 and more particularly C 5 to C 9 , or an R 1 - group.
• G 2 represents an alkyl chain, linear or branched, in particular C1 to C14, in particular C3 to C12, and more particularly G, to Cio, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, or a - A 2 -0-C (0) -R 2 group , with A 2 representing an alkylene group, in particular C1 to C13 alkylene, and R 2 being as defined above, preferably R 2 representing an alkyl group, preferably branched , in C3 to C13 .
• an ester according to the invention can be of formula (I) above, in which:
• G 1 represents an alkyl group, preferably branched, in particular C 3 to C 13 , in particular C 4 to C 11 and more particularly C 5 to C 9 .
• G 1 is preferably formed from a main linear alkyl chain, in particular from C 3 to C 9 , in particular from C 4 to C 7 , said main chain having at least one pendant alkyl group, preferably at least two pendant alkyl groups , in particular at least three pendant alkyl groups, said pendant alkyl groups being more particularly C 1 to C 4 , preferably C 1 to C 3 , in particular C 1 -C 2 , for example methyl groups.
• G 1 can represent a 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl group.
• G 2 represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular C 1 to C 14 , in particular C 3 to C 12 , and more particularly G, to Cio.
• G 2 represents a branched alkyl chain, in particular from C 3 to C 14 , in particular from G to C 12 and more particularly from G to Cio.
• Such a branched alkyl group may in particular be formed from a main linear alkyl chain, in particular C 4 to Cio, in particular C 5 to G, said main chain having at least one pendant alkyl group, preferably at least two groups.
• pendant alkyls in particular at least three pendant alkyl groups, said pendant alkyl groups being more particularly C 1 to C 4 , preferably C 1 to C 3 , in particular C 1 -C 2 , for example methyl groups.
• G 2 can represent a branched C 9 alkyl group, for example 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl or one of its isomers.
• an ester according to the invention can be of formula (I) above, in which:
• ° G 1 represents an alkyl group, preferably branched, in particular from C3 to C13, in particular from C4 to C11 and more particularly from C5 to C9.
• G 1 is preferably formed from a main linear alkyl chain, in particular from C 3 to C 9 , in particular from C 4 to C 7 , said main chain having at least one pendant alkyl group, preferably at least two pendant alkyl groups , in particular at least three pendant alkyl groups, said pendant alkyl groups being more particularly C 1 to C 4 , preferably C 1 to C 3 , in particular C 1 -C 2 , for example methyl groups.
• G 1 can represent a 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl group.
• G 2 represents a group -A 2 -O-C (0) -R 2 , in which A 2 and R 2 are as defined above.
• a 2 representing a C 1 to C 13 alkylene group, in particular C 3 to C 12 , and more particularly C 1 to C 10 .
• R 2 can be as defined above for the group G 1 , preferably R 2 is identical to G 1 .
• an ester according to the invention can be of formula (I) above, in which:
• G 1 represents a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, in particular having from 3 to 14 carbon atoms;
• G 2 represents a group -A 2 -O-C (0) -R 2 , in which A 2 and R 2 are as defined above;
• an ester according to the invention can be of formula (I) above, in which:
• G 2 represents a hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, in particular having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon chain being optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, preferably by one or more oxygen atoms.
• G 2 can represent an alkyl chain, preferably linear, comprising from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more particularly from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and interrupted by at least an oxygen atom, preferably by an oxygen atom;
• ° G 1 represents a group R 1 -0-C (0) -A 1 - in which A 1 and R 1 are as defined above.
• R 1 can be as defined above for the group G 2 , preferably R 1 is identical to G 2 .
• a 1 represents an alkylene group, linear or branched, C 3 to C 13 , in particular C 4 to C 11.
• At least one of the hydrocarbon chains, in particular the two hydrocarbon chains, represented by G 2 and R 1 is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, preferably by one or more oxygen atoms, in particular by one. oxygen atom.
• an ester according to the invention is chosen from:
• a monocarboxylic acid having a saturated branched hydrocarbon chain, preferably comprising from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular as defined above;
• - a monoalcohol having a saturated hydrocarbon chain, preferably branched, preferably comprising from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular as defined above, or
• dicarboxylic acid having a saturated linear hydrocarbon chain, preferably comprising from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular from 4 to 10 carbon atoms;
• the ester according to the invention can be a monoester formed between 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol or one of its isomers, or else a diester formed between adipic acid and butyl glycol.
• esters according to the invention can be commercially available or prepared according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art. These synthesis methods more particularly implement an esterification reaction between at least one alcohol compound and at least one carboxylic acid compound.
• a branched ester according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 20 mm 2 / s, preferably less than or equal to 15 mm 2 / s, in particularly less than or equal to 10 mm 2 / s.
• a branched ester according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at -25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard less than or equal to 150 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 120 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 20 to 100 mm 2 / s and more particularly ranging from 40 to 70 mm 2 / s.
• a branched ester according to the invention advantageously has an auto-ignition point greater than or equal to 360 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 380 ° C and more particularly greater than or equal to 400 ° C.
• an ester according to the invention in particular a branched ester according to the invention, can be in the form of a mixture of at least two esters according to the invention, in particular as defined above.
• the ester or the mixture of esters according to the invention can represent more than 30% by weight, preferably more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 70% by weight, even more preferably more than 80% by weight, in particular more than 90% by weight, more particularly more than 95% by weight, or even more than 98% by weight, of the total weight of the cooling composition according to the invention.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention can comprise between 30% and 100% by weight of an ester or mixture of esters according to the invention, more particularly between 50% and 99.5% by weight, preferably between 70% and 99% by weight, more preferably between 80% and 99% by weight, or even between 80% and 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of said composition.
• a cooling composition according to the invention can be formed at more than 95% by weight, in particular at more than 98% by weight, of one or more esters according to the invention, in particular one or more branched esters. according to the invention.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention may comprise, in addition to one or more esters according to the invention, one or more base oils distinct from the esters according to the invention.
• Said base oil (s), optionally present in a cooling composition according to the invention are chosen suitably, with regard to their compatibility with the said ester (s) used according to the invention.
• It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three or four base oils.
• the base oil or mixture of additional base oils, used in a cooling composition according to the invention may have a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1.5 at 8 mm 2 / s, in particular from 1.5 to 6.1 mm 2 / s, more particularly from 1.5 to 4.1 mm 2 / s, still more particularly from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 / s.
• the base oils can be chosen from oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
• Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
• Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used.
• the base oils can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, distinct from the ester defined according to the invention, from polyalphaolefins (PAO), and from polyalkylene glycols (PAG ) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, distinct from the ester defined according to the invention, from polyalphaolefins (PAO), and from polyalkylene glycols (PAG ) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
• the mass average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the mass average molecular mass of PAO is less than 600 Da.
• the mass average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
• the PAOs implemented within the scope of the invention exhibiting a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 / s are sold commercially by Ineos under the brands Durasyn ® 162, Durasyn ® 164, Durasyn ® 166 and Durasyn ® 168.
• the oil or additional base oils are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
• a cooling composition according to the invention can comprise less than 70% by mass of additional base oil (s), in particular less than 50% by mass, in particular less than 30% by mass, or even less than 20. % by mass or less than 10% by mass and more particularly less than 5% by mass, relative to the total mass of said composition.
• additional base oil s
• a cooling composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more additives known to those skilled in the art in the field of lubrication and / or cooling of propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles.
• the additives which can be incorporated into a composition according to the invention can be chosen from anti-oxidants, additives for lowering the pour point, anti-foam agents, anti-corrosion agents, anti-wear and / or extreme additives. -pressure, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersing agents and mixtures thereof, in particular from anti-oxidants, pour point lowering additives, anti-foam agents and anti-corrosion agents.
• a cooling composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more additives selected from antioxidants, anti-foaming agents, pour point improvers and anti-corrosion agents.
• cooling composition according to the invention can also prove to be advantageous in the context of the implementation of the cooling composition according to the invention as a multifunctional fluid, for example for cooling the battery and / or the power electronics, and for lubricating parts of the propulsion system, for example example the transmission, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• additives can be introduced individually and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
• ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
• GARI American Petroleum Institute
• Said additive (s) may be present in the cooling composition according to the invention in a content of less than or equal to 10% by weight, in particular less than or equal to 5% by weight, and more particularly ranging from 0.01 to 3% by weight, relative to the total mass of said composition.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention can thus comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
• the invention thus relates, according to another of its aspects, to a cooling composition, in particular capable of cooling a propulsion system, in particular the battery and / or the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said composition.
• a cooling composition in particular capable of cooling a propulsion system, in particular the battery and / or the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said composition.
• comprising (i) at least one branched ester as defined above, and (ii) at least one anti-oxidant additive.
• the antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
• Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
• antioxidant additives currently used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for for example, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives can generate ash.
• the phenolic antioxidant additives can be free of ash or be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
• the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 -C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
• the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -Cio alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group.
• C I -C O preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably tert-butyl group.
• Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
• Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
• Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
• antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
• copper compounds for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
• Copper I and II salts, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
• a cooling composition comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
• Said additive (s) can be used, in a cooling composition according to the invention, in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a cooling composition according to the invention can comprise at least one anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additive.
• Antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives protect rubbing surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
• the anti-wear additives are chosen from phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• the preferred compounds are of formula Zn ((SP (S) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )) 2, in which R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Amine phosphates are also antiwear additives which can be used in a composition according to the invention.
• the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison in the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
• additives which do not provide phosphorus such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
• a cooling composition can comprise from 0.01 to 6% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives, by weight relative to the total mass of the composition.
• a cooling composition according to the invention may further comprise an antifoam agent.
• the antifoam agent can be chosen from silicones.
• a cooling composition may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of antifoaming agent, for example relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a cooling composition according to the invention can comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
• the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
• the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus.
• the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid monoesters and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
• the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
• a cooling composition may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass of friction modifying additive , relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a cooling composition is free from friction modifying additives, in particular for use to cool the battery part.
• a cooling composition according to the invention can comprise at least one detergent additive.
• Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation and combustion.
• Detergent additives which can be used in a cooling composition are generally known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon group and a hydrophilic head.
• the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
• the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates.
• the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium. These metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the narrow stoichiometric amount.
• the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
• a cooling composition may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a cooling composition can also include at least one pour point depressant additive.
• pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
• pour point lowering additives there may be mentioned polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
• a cooling composition can include at least one dispersing agent.
• the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
• a cooling composition may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention comprises, or even is formed (i) of at least one ester according to the invention, in particular of at least one branched ester as defined above , and more particularly a branched monoester as defined above and (ii) of at least one additive chosen from anti-oxidants, anti-foam agents, pour point lowering additives, anti-corrosion agents, anti-corrosion additives. -wear and / or extreme pressure, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersing agents and mixtures thereof, preferably from anti-oxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and anti-corrosion agents .
• a cooling composition used according to the invention is formed (i) of at least one ester according to the invention, in particular of at least one branched ester as defined above, and more particularly a branched monoester such as as defined above and (ii) at least one anti-oxidant additive.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
• esters according to the invention in particular one or more branched esters according to the invention;
• additives chosen from anti-oxidants, defoamers, anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, detergents, pour point depressant additives, dispersing agents and mixtures thereof, preferably chosen from anti-oxidants, defoamers, pour point depressant additives, agents anticorrosion and their mixtures; and
• a cooling composition used according to the invention advantageously has a kinematic viscosity, measured at -25 ° C according to the ASTM D445 standard, less than or equal to 200 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 120 mm 2 / s , in particular ranging from 20 to 100 mm 2 / s and more particularly from 40 to 70 mm 2 / s.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ° C according to the standard ASTM D445 less than or equal to 20 mm 2 / s, in particular less than or equal to 15 mm 2 / s, in particular ranging from 2 to 12 mm 2 / s and more particularly ranging from 5 to 10 mm 2 / s.
• a cooling composition used according to the invention has a particularly high self-ignition point.
• a cooling composition according to the invention advantageously exhibits a self-ignition point greater than or equal to 360 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 380 ° C and more particularly greater than or equal to 400 ° C.
• composition according to the invention can be used as a cooling fluid for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises in particular the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3).
• the electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
• the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field.
• the rotor itself consists of coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
• the power electronics (11), the stator (13) and the rotor (14) of a propulsion system (1) are parts whose structure is complex and generates a large amount of heat during the operation of the engine. . It is therefore imperative to ensure cooling of the electric motor, and the power electronics.
• a bearing (12) is generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14).
• a transmission, and in particular a speed reducer (3), makes it possible to reduce the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and to adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, allowing at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
• composition according to the invention can be used to cool the battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• it is intended to be placed in direct contact with the battery.
• the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for cooling at least one part of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the battery, comprising at least one step of setting. in contact with at least said part, in particular with said battery, for example a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, with a composition comprising at least one branched ester according to the invention, as defined above.
• the contacting of the cooling composition according to the invention with the battery can consist of an immersion or a semi-immersion of the battery in said composition or else an injection of said composition at the surface of the battery.
• immersion is meant that the entire battery is surrounded by the cooling composition according to the invention.
• semi-immersion is meant that only part of the battery is in contact with said composition.
• the cooling can be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art.
• the battery can be in immersion or semi-immersion, static or in circulation, in said composition.
• the composition is injected by jet under relatively high pressure into the zones to be cooled of the propulsion system.
• the shear resulting from this injection makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the level of the injection zone, relative to the kinematic viscosity at rest, and thus, to further increase the cooling potential of the composition.
• oil circulation systems commonly used in electric motors can be employed, as for example described in the document
• a composition according to the invention can also be used to cool the electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular to cool the power electronics and / or the rotor and / or the stator of the electric motor.
• the cooling composition according to the invention notably exhibits particularly satisfactory electrical insulation properties for use in electric or hybrid vehicles. It is possible to take advantage, in addition to the cooling properties of a composition according to the invention, from its lubricating properties.
• composition according to the invention can simultaneously be used to lubricate the various parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, or else the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• a cooling composition according to the invention advantageously further comprises one or more additives chosen from antiwear additives, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, extreme pressure additives, and their mixtures.
• ester B in accordance with the invention: dibutylglycol adipate which is a diester formed between a dicarboxylic acid having an unbranched alkylene chain of 6 carbon atoms and a monoalcohol butylglycol;
• diisodecyl adipate which is a diester formed between a dicarboxylic acid having an unbranched linear alkylene chain of 6 carbon atoms and a monoalcohol having a branched alkyl chain having 10 carbon atoms. carbon;
• ester E not in accordance with the invention which is a diester formed between neopentylglycol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid;
• an ester F not in accordance with the invention which is a triester formed between trimethylolpropane and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
• the viscosities of the compositions at 25 ° C. and at -25 ° C. are determined according to standard ASTM D 445.
• the branched ester A and Tester B in accordance with the invention, have a low cold viscosity, while having a high self-ignition point, which makes each of these esters compatible with its use at the level of a battery and / or power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• an ester as defined in the present invention exhibits particularly advantageous viscosity and self-ignition properties for its use in a composition for cooling a propulsion system, in particular a battery and power electronics, electric or hybrid vehicles.

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