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EP3563095B1 - Kessel zur bereitung von heisswasser oder dampf - Google Patents

Kessel zur bereitung von heisswasser oder dampf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3563095B1
EP3563095B1 EP16836207.7A EP16836207A EP3563095B1 EP 3563095 B1 EP3563095 B1 EP 3563095B1 EP 16836207 A EP16836207 A EP 16836207A EP 3563095 B1 EP3563095 B1 EP 3563095B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixer body
supply duct
combustion
air
combustion head
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16836207.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3563095A1 (de
Inventor
Giovanni Pisani
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ICI Caldaie SpA
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ICI Caldaie SpA
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Publication of EP3563095A1 publication Critical patent/EP3563095A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F23D14/825—Preventing flashback or blowback using valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler for generating hot water or steam.
  • Boilers in general, and steam generators in particular, which comprise a substantially cylindrical outer enclosure, which defines a heating chamber that contains water that, in steam generators, is heated at least until it reaches its vaporization temperature.
  • a furnace body is axially accommodated inside the heating chamber and is in a position to exchange heat with the water to be heated and defines, internally, a combustion chamber, inside which the flame bursts, produced by the combustion head of a burner, located at one end of the combustion chamber and, usually, associated with a door to close the boiler.
  • Patents EP0775869 A2 and DE1906652A1 disclose a burner according to the preamble of claim 9. Boiler are disclosed in patent FR2594941 .
  • the hot combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber are channeled into heat exchange tubes that axially pass through the heating chamber, so that the hot exhaust gases can exchange heat with the water contained in the heating chamber, until they lead out into an exhaust gas chamber, from which the exhaust gases exit by way of a flue.
  • steam generators of this type are provided with burners that use a non-premixed laminar flame.
  • Premix burners also exist which operate with gaseous fuels, and they have, upstream of the combustion head, a device for mixing air and gas which is constituted by a Venturi tube provided with an axial inlet connected to an air supply duct, a lateral inlet connected to a gas supply duct and controlled by an adjustable gas inflow valve, and an axial outlet, which is arranged at the opposite end of the Venturi tube with respect to its axial inlet and connected to the combustion head by way of the interposition of a fan, which makes it possible to continue the mixing of air and gas which is done inside the Venturi tube and to send the air/gas mixture under pressure to the combustion head.
  • a device for mixing air and gas which is constituted by a Venturi tube provided with an axial inlet connected to an air supply duct, a lateral inlet connected to a gas supply duct and controlled by an adjustable gas inflow valve, and an axial outlet, which is arranged at the opposite end of the Venturi tube with respect to its axial inlet and connected to the combustion head
  • press burners since, by way of their fan, they increase the pressure in the combustion chamber with respect to the ambient pressure, and as a consequence steam generators made in this way are called, in the jargon, “pressurized”.
  • a further drawback of pressurized steam generators is the high space occupation at the door owing to the presence of the premix burner and, more specifically, of its fan and of its Venturi tube.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam that is capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the known art indicated above, while at the same time ensuring a high yield and extremely low pollutant emissions, constituted by carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, by virtue of a better combustion of the gas.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam that has a combustion system that is capable of preventing a buildup of unburned material in the event of an increase in resistance in the flue.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam that is not affected by problems whereby exhaust gases exit toward the external environment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam that sends a considerable decrease of NOx to the flue.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam, in which there is no damaging propagation of pressure waves, which are the cause of noise both in the ignition phase and during normal operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam that has smaller encumbrances at the door with respect to the known art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for generating hot water or steam which, in addition to offering the widest guarantees of reliability and safety in operation, is of very simple construction so as to also be competitive from a purely economic viewpoint.
  • the boiler for generating hot water or steam generally designated with the reference numeral 1, comprises a substantially cylindrical containment enclosure 2, which defines a heating chamber 3, which is intended to contain water to be heated to the desired temperatures.
  • the water contained inside the heating chamber 3 is intended to be heated at least up to its vaporization temperature, in order to allow the production of steam, but more generally, the boiler according to the invention can also be used for the production of hot water.
  • an outlet 4 through which the steam produced exits from the heating chamber 3, as in the example shown in Figure 1 , or optionally the hot water produced.
  • the heating chamber 3 axially accommodates a furnace 5, which defines, internally, a combustion chamber 6 in which the flame produced by a burner 7 is burned.
  • the burner 7 has a combustion head 8, which is accommodated in the combustion chamber 6 and is designed to emit the flame into the combustion chamber 6, and a device 9 for premixing air and gas which is connected to the combustion head 8, in order to supply it with a mixture of air and gas.
  • the combustion head 8 is inserted in a door 10 that closes an axial end of the combustion chamber 6.
  • the combustion chamber 6 is, in turn, connected to a plurality of heat exchange tubes 11 which are designed to be passed through by the hot combustion gases generated by the flame emitted by the combustion head 8.
  • the heat exchange tubes 11 pass through the combustion chamber 6 longitudinally, so as to enable the heating of the water contained in it, and lead out into a fume collection chamber 12, which is connected to a flue, through which the combustion gases are evacuated outside.
  • combustion chamber 6, at the opposite end with respect to the combustion head 8 is, conveniently, closed by a bottom wall 14 of the furnace 5 which enables the combustion gases to be returned toward the combustion head 8 and the door 10.
  • a chamber 15 for redirecting the exhaust gases which makes it possible to channel the combustion gases originating from the bottom wall 14 of the furnace 5 into the heat exchange tubes 11.
  • the premixing device 9 comprises an air supply duct 17, connected with the outside environment and connected to the combustion head 8, inside which a mixer body 16 is axially accommodated, which is struck by the flow of air that flows inside the supply duct 17.
  • such mixer body 16 has, on its front side directed against the stream of air that arrives from the supply duct 17, a contoured portion 16a that is adapted to create, between the internal side walls of the supply duct 17 and the lateral surface of the mixer body 16, an intake region 18 that has a transverse air passage cross-section that is narrower than the air passage cross-section defined by the supply duct 17 upstream of the mixer body 16, along the direction of the air stream in the mixer body 17.
  • At least one gas delivery opening 19 is defined, which is connected to a feed channel 20, which is defined, at least partially, inside the mixer body 16 and connected to a fuel gas source.
  • means are provided that are adapted to create a lower pressure in the combustion chamber 6 with respect to the external ambient pressure, and which comprise, advantageously, at least one fan 21, controlled by a corresponding electric motor 22, which is accommodated in the exhaust gas collection chamber 12 and has, in particular, an intake connected to the exhaust gas collection chamber 12 and a delivery connected to the flue 13.
  • the contoured portion 16a of the mixer body 16 has, conveniently, a lateral surface that progressively approaches the internal side walls of the supply duct 17, proceeding in the direction of the air stream that flows inside the supply duct 17.
  • contoured portion 16a of the mixer body 16 is, advantageously, substantially ogive-shaped.
  • the mixer body 16 is, advantageously, provided with a plurality of gas delivery openings 19, which are distributed about an axis of extension 16b of the mixer body 16 that is substantially parallel to the axis of the supply duct 17.
  • the gas delivery openings 19 defined in the mixer body 16 are open toward the rear side of the mixer body proper.
  • the feed channel 20 also extends in the rear portion of the mixer body 16, and is connected, conveniently, to the gas source by way of a delivery duct 23, which extends, with one of its portions, outside the supply duct 17 and is controlled, advantageously, by a valve 24, preferably controlled pneumatically.
  • the contoured portion 16a of the mixer body 16 is internally hollow and the delivery openings 19 can be, advantageously, defined between a section of the contoured portion 16a directed toward the rear side of the mixer body 16 and a portion of wall of the mixer body 16 that merges from the rear into the contoured portion 16a and in which a section of the feed channel 20 is internally defined, which leads into the cavity of the contoured portion 16a, from which the gas is deviated toward the delivery openings 19.
  • the combustion head 8 is of the type with an internal flame.
  • the combustion head 8 is cylindrical and hollow with a cylindrical side wall 8a and an end wall 8b which are provided, on their surface directed inward, with a plurality of flame-emitting nozzles.
  • valve means comprise a flap check valve that has, conveniently, a flow control body 26 eccentrically pivoted about a pin 27, so as to considerably increase the moment of inertia of the flow control body 26 with respect to its rotation axis, but creating only minimal resistance upon opening.
  • the flow control element 26 has, proximate to the pin 27, a counterweight 26a that enables the flow control element 26 to oppose a considerable mechanical inertia at the moment of being switched on, while keeping the flow control element perfectly balanced.
  • an abutment element 32 integral with the supply duct 17, against which the flow control element 26 can rest in the closed condition.
  • the flow control element 26 is opened by virtue of the flow of air and gas that is returned toward the combustion chamber 6 and the combustion head 8 and which, in passing, is capable of generating a lift effect that makes it possible to keep the flow control element 26 open.
  • the flow control element 26 can also have a wing profile shape, for example of the NACA type.
  • an exhaust gas heat exchanger 28 which is struck externally by the exhaust gases channeled toward the flue 13 and is connected internally in input with the water mains, by way of a pump 29, and in output to a water supply line 30 to the heating chamber 3, so as to enable the recovery of any residual heat in the exhaust gases by way of preheating the water that is sent to the heating chamber 3.
  • the exhaust gas collection chamber 12 there can also be a bulkhead 29 that makes it possible to channel the exhaust gases coming from the heat exchange tubes 11 toward the flue 13, forcing them to strike the condensing device 26.
  • the premixing device 9 can be accommodated within a housing 31, integral with the door 10 and having at least one access for air and for the gas source.
  • the heating chamber 3 is supplied with water by way of the supply line 30.
  • the flow of air that flows in the supply duct 17 undergoes an increase in speed and a consequent decrease in pressure, by the Venturi effect, at the intake region 18 created by the presence of the mixer body 16.
  • valve 24 Such decrease in pressure causes the valve 24 to open with consequent inflow of the gas into the delivery duct 23 and emission of the same gas from the delivery openings 19 of the mixer body 16, so that it can mix with the flow of air originating from the supply duct 17.
  • the gas mixture thus obtained fuels the combustion head 8 which is then ignited so as to generate a flame inside the combustion chamber 6.
  • any pressure waves that may be generated during ignition of the combustion head 8 and which could disturb the regular flow of air and gas are obstructed by the one-way valve means 25.
  • the flow control element 26 opposes, at the moment of ignition, a considerable mechanical inertia to the pressure wave that is propagated by the furnace 5 in the opposite direction to the flow of air and gas that feeds the combustion head 8.
  • the hot combustion gases With the combustion head 8 ignited, the hot combustion gases, once they have reached the bottom wall 14 of the furnace 5, are redirected toward the door 10 where they are channeled into the heat exchange tubes 11, so as to heat the water contained in the heating chamber 3.
  • the combustion gases reach the exhaust gas collection chamber 12 where they are channeled toward the flue 13, which they reach after having passed through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 28.
  • the steam or hot water produced inside the heating chamber 3 exits through the outlet 4.
  • the heating chamber 3 is resupplied with water by the supply line 30 which receives preheated water from the heat exchanger 28.
  • any resistance of the flue is interpreted by the system as a loss of performance of the fan with consequent automatic decrease of the flame power, thus giving the combustion system a characteristic self-regulating operation that does not modify the combustion parameters in any way but only the power burned.
  • Another advantage of the boiler according to the invention consists since the premixing device provided with a mixer body inserted in the air supply duct makes it possible to take advantage of the principle of the Venturi effect, i.e. of the decrease in the pressure owing to an increase in the speed of the air, like conventional burners that premix air and gas, but making it possible at the same time to obtain a closer air/gas mixing with consequent advantages for the reduction of NOx and an obstacle to the propagation of the pressure wave toward the external environment during the ignition phases, also facilitated by the presence of the one-way valve means.
  • Another advantage is constituted by the fact that the boiler according to the invention has an extremely reduced space occupation in front of the door, since the premixing device and the gas valve can be installed in the door, while the suction fan, which is decidedly more cumbersome, is located inside the exhaust gas collection chamber of the boiler proper.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Ein Kessel zur Bereitung von Heißwasser oder Dampf, der ein im Wesentlichen zylindrisches Gehäuse (2) umfasst, welches eine Heizkammer (3) bestimmt, die dazu dient, zu erhitzendes Wasser aufzunehmen, und axial einen Ofen (5) enthält, der innen eine Verbrennungskammer (6) mit einem damit verbundenen Brenner (7) bestimmt, der einen in der Verbrennungskammer (6) untergebrachten Brennkopf (8) hat, und eine Vorrichtung (9) zum Vormischen von Luft und Gas, die mit dem Brennkopf (8) verbunden ist; wobei die Verbrennungskammer (6) mit einer Vielzahl von Wärmetauschrohren (11) verbunden ist, die dazu dienen, von den heißen Verbrennungsgasen durchströmt zu werden, die von der von dem Brennkopf (8) ausgestoßenen Flamme erzeugt werden, und die in Längsrichtung durch die Heizkammer (3) verlaufen; wobei die Wärmetauschrohre (11) in einen Abgas-Sammelraum (12) führen, der mit einem Abzug (13) verbunden ist;
    wobei die Vormischvorrichtung (9) einen Mischerkörper (16) umfasst, der axial in einer Luftzuführleitung (17) untergebracht ist, welche mit dem Brennkopf (8) verbunden ist; wobei der Mischerkörper (16) an seiner Vorderseite, gegen den Luftstrom gerichtet, der von der Zuführleitung kommt, einen konturierten Abschnitt (16a) hat, der ausgebildet ist, um zwischen den inneren Seitenwänden der Zuführleitung (17) und der seitlichen Oberfläche des Mischerkörpers (16) einen Einlassbereich (18) zu erzeugen, der einen Luftdurchlass-Querschnitt hat, welcher schmaler ist als der Luftdurchlass-Querschnitt, der von der Zuführleitung (17) stromaufwärts von dem Mischerkörper (16) bestimmt ist; wobei entlang der Richtung des Luftstroms in dem Mischerkörper (16) im Wesentlichen an dem Einlassbereich (18) mindestens eine Gasabgabeöffnung (19) bestimmt ist, die mit einem Zufuhrkanal (20) verbunden ist, welcher zumindest teilweise innerhalb des Mischerkörpers (16) bestimmt und mit einer Gasquelle verbunden ist; wobei Mittel bereitgestellt sind, die ausgebildet sind, um einen Unterdruck in der Verbrennungskammer (6) mit Bezug auf den äußeren Umgebungsdruck zu erzeugen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgabeöffnungen (19) der Rückseite des Mischerkörpers (16) zugewandt sind.
  2. Der Kessel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel, die ausgebildet sind, um einen Unterdruck in der Verbrennungskammer (6) zu erzeugen, mindestens einen Ventilator (21) umfassen, der in dem Abgas-Sammelraum (12) untergebracht ist und einen Einlass hat, der mit dem Abgas-Sammelraum (12) verbunden ist, und einen Auslass, der mit dem Abzug (13) verbunden ist.
  3. Der Kessel gemäß einem oder mehreren der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konturierte Abschnitt (16a) des Mischerkörpers (16) eine seitliche Oberfläche hat, die sich in Richtung des Luftstroms in der Zuführleitung (17) zunehmend den inneren Seitenwänden der Zuführleitung (17) annähert.
  4. Der Kessel gemäß einem oder mehreren der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konturierte Abschnitt (16a des Mischerkörpers (16) im Wesentlichen spitzkegelförmig ist.
  5. Der Kessel gemäß einem oder mehreren der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischerkörper (16) eine Vielzahl von Gasabgabeöffnungen (19) hat, die um eine Erstreckungsachse (16b) des Mischerkörpers (16) verteilt sind, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Achse der Zuführleitung (17) ist.
  6. Der Kessel gemäß einem oder mehreren der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennkopf (8) vom Typ mit innerer Flamme ist.
  7. Der Kessel gemäß einem oder mehreren der obigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er entlang der Zuführleitung (17), zwischen dem Mischerkörper (16) und dem Brennkopf (8), Einwegventilmittel (25) umfasst, ausgebildet, um die Übertragung von Druckwellen von der Verbrennungskammer (6) zu der Zuführleitung (17) zu hemmen.
  8. Der Kessel gemäß dem obigen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventilmittel (25) ein Klappen-Rückschlagventil umfassen.
  9. Ein Brenner, der einen Brennkopf (8) umfasst und mit einer Vormischvorrichtung (9) ausgestattet ist, die einen Mischerkörper (16) umfasst, welcher axial in einer mit dem Brennkopf (8) verbundenen Luftzuführleitung (17) angeordnet ist; wobei der Mischerkörper (16) an seiner Vorderseite, die gegen den von der Zuführleitung kommenden Luftstrom gerichtet ist, einen konturierten Abschnitt (16a) hat, der ausgebildet ist, um zwischen den inneren Seitenwänden der Zuführleitung (17) und der seitlichen Oberfläche des Mischerkörpers (16) einen Einlassbereich (18) zu erzeugen, der einen Luftdurchlass-Querschnitt hat, welcher schmaler ist als der Luftdurchlass-Querschnitt, der von der Zuführleitung (17) stromaufwärts von dem Mischerkörper (16) bestimmt ist; wobei entlang der Richtung des Luftstroms in dem Mischerkörper (16) im Wesentlichen an dem Einlassbereich (18) mindestens eine Gasabgabeöffnung (19) bestimmt ist, die mit einem Zufuhrkanal (20) verbunden ist, welcher zumindest teilweise innerhalb des Mischerkörpers (16) bestimmt und mit einer Gasquelle verbunden ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgabeöffnungen (19) der Rückseite des Mischerkörpers (16) zugewandt sind.
  10. Der Brenner gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konturierte Abschnitt (16a) des Mischerkörpers (16) eine seitliche Oberfläche hat, die sich in Richtung des Luftstroms in der Zuführleitung (17) zunehmend den inneren Seitenwänden der Zuführleitung (17) annähert.
  11. Der Brenner gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konturierte Abschnitt (16a) des Mischerkörpers (16) im Wesentlichen spitzkegelförmig ist.
  12. Der Brenner gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischerkörper (16) eine Vielzahl von Gasabgabeöffnungen (19) hat, die um eine Erstreckungsachse (16b) des Mischerkörpers (16) verteilt sind, die im Wesentlichen parallel zur Achse der Zuführleitung (17) ist.
  13. Der Brenner gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennkopf (8) vom Typ mit innerer Flamme ist.
EP16836207.7A 2016-12-29 2016-12-29 Kessel zur bereitung von heisswasser oder dampf Active EP3563095B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2016/058069 WO2018122574A1 (en) 2016-12-29 2016-12-29 Boiler for generating hot water or steam

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3563095A1 EP3563095A1 (de) 2019-11-06
EP3563095B1 true EP3563095B1 (de) 2020-11-18

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109519944A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-26 江门市博涂环保机电科技有限公司 一种高效能废气燃烧炉
CN109654492B (zh) * 2019-01-24 2023-11-24 上海佑伏科技有限公司 一种高效低氮预混型螺旋一体式发生器
NL2022704B1 (en) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-17 Bdr Thermea Group B V Gas heater, method for operating the gas heater and a gas boiler
CN112682788B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2022-12-02 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 燃烧器及燃气热水器
CN115264499A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-01 广东万和新电气股份有限公司 燃烧器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1906652A1 (de) * 1969-02-11 1970-08-20 Hans Maile Atmosphaerischer Gasbrenner fuer beliebige Leistungen mit beliebiger Flammenrichtung,insbesondere horizontalbrennend
FR2594941A1 (fr) * 1986-02-26 1987-08-28 Deleage Philippe Chaudiere a condensation par voie seche
DE19543701A1 (de) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-28 Abb Research Ltd Vormischbrenner
EP1035376A1 (de) * 1999-03-10 2000-09-13 Wolf GmbH Rückstromklappe zur Verwendung in einer Gas-Brennwerttherme

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Title
None *

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WO2018122574A1 (en) 2018-07-05
EP3563095A1 (de) 2019-11-06

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