EP2979039A1

EP2979039A1 - Fastening element for fastening solar modules on an inclined roof surface

Info

Publication number: EP2979039A1
Application number: EP14706819.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Werner ILZHÖFER
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-03-28
Filing date: 2014-02-25
Publication date: 2016-02-03
Also published as: CA2907906A1; DE202013003496U1; DE102013207827A1; DE102013207827B4; US20160054030A1; WO2014154423A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) for fastening solar modules (S1, S2) to an inclined roof surface, comprising a base plate (5) for fastening to a roof membrane of the roof surface or to a mounting rail (1) supported by the roof membrane, at least one hook (6) extending from the base plate (5) for mounting a first frame of a first solar module (S1), wherein the first frame (1) for mounting along a mounting unit (E) is moved relative to the hook (6), and a supporting wall (8) extending opposite the hook (6) from the base plate (5) for supporting a second frame of a second solar module (S2), wherein the supporting wall (8) extends approximately perpendicular to the mounting direction (E).

Description

Fastening element for fastening solar modules to a sloping roof surface

The invention relates to a fastening element for fastening solar modules to a sloping roof surface.

According to the state of the art, it is generally known, for mounting solar modules on a sloping roof surface, first to attach horizontally extending mounting rails to the roof. Subsequently, the solar modules to be fastened are placed on the horizontal mounting rails and clamped by means of fastened to the horizontal rails or fastened by means of a clamping connection fasteners. To make the clamping attachment, it is necessary to first adjust the solar modules, to hold them in the adjusted position and then to tighten clamping screws of the fastening elements. This process is cumbersome. For this purpose, usually two fitters are required, one of which adjusts and holds the solar module and the other makes the clamping attachment of the solar modules. The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. It should in particular be given a fastener, which allows a simple and quick installation of solar modules on a sloping roof surface. This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 18. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of claims 2 to 17 and 19.

According to the invention, a fastening element for fixing solar modules is proposed on a sloping roof surface, with a base plate for mounting on a roof of the roof surface or on a supported on the roof skin mounting rail, at least one of the base plate extending hook for suspending a first frame of a first solar module, the first frame being moved for hooking along a hooking direction relative to the hook; and a support wall extending from the base plate opposite the hook for supporting a second frame of a second solar module; Support wall extends approximately perpendicular to the direction of attachment.

The proposed fastener allows attachment of solar modules on a sloping roof surface by simply hooking and supporting. Using the proposed fastener, it is not necessary to make a clamping connection, such as by fixing a clamping screw. With the proposed fastener solar modules can be mounted on a sloping roof surface quickly and easily. The solar modules are kept in the fastener by gravity rather and reliably.

For attachment of the fastener expediently at least two the base plate cross openings provided. The fastening element can be fastened directly to the roof skin, for example a trapezoidal sheet forming the roof skin, or to a mounting strip supported on the roof skin, for example a profile pipe made of aluminum, by means of penetrating bolts, drilling screws, rivets or the like. Alternatively, it is also possible to attach the base plate, for example by means of an adhesive, in particular a mounting adhesive, to the roof skin.

The hook expediently has a slot running in the direction of attachment for inserting a free leg of a first frame designed in the manner of a U-profile. - According to the prior art photovoltaic or solar modules are usually surrounded by a trained in the manner of a U-profile frame. Free legs of the U-profiles formed on a rear side of the solar module are directed inwards and run approximately parallel to a collector surface of the solar module. The free legs of the U-profile have - depending on Type - usually a depth of 20 to 50 mm. The fastening element according to the invention uses the provided on the back of conventional solar modules anyway free leg for hooking into the hook, which is advantageously designed for this purpose as a slot.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, a first distance between a plane parallel to the support wall opening plane of the slot and the opposite support wall 50 to 120 mm, preferably 60 to 80 mm. This allows the use of the fastener for a variety of solar modules on the market. For mounting a first solar module, the first frame is first inserted into the intermediate space formed between the opening plane of the slot and the support wall. Subsequently, the first frame is moved in the direction of attachment relative to the hook, so that the free leg of the first frame-forming U-profile is inserted into the slot. - Between a hung in a fastener eaves first solar module and supported against the support wall of the fastener ridge-side second solar module remains a ventilation gap with a first width, which may be 30 to 100 mm. The holding element can be made, for example, from an aluminum sheet cut by means of laser cutting and subsequently folded. A cutting pattern of a laser cutting machine can be changed quickly and easily. As a result, it is possible to provide holding members with a given first distance at the request of a builder. In this case, the first distance can be set so that the solar modules are arranged evenly distributed with respect to a maximum available roof coverage area. For this purpose, by varying the first distance, the first width of the rear ventilation gap can be set such that the solar modules fill the maximum available roof area uniformly in the vertical direction.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, spaced from the base plate by a second width of 40 to 140 mm, preferably 70 extend up to 120 mm, two of the hooks, such that two first frames of two first solar modules can be suspended next to each other. The supporting wall expediently has a height of 30 to 60 mm, preferably 35 to 50 mm. It is thus adapted to the usual frame heights of conventional solar modules. A third width of the support wall is suitably 40 to 140 mm, preferably 70 to 120 mm. Thus, the support wall is suitable for supporting two juxtaposed second frame of the second solar modules. - A fastener with the aforementioned features is therefore suitable to install proportionally four solar modules in the region of their corners.

According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention extends from one of the base plate facing away from the upper edge of the support wall at an angle of 80 to 100 °, preferably 90 °, a second frame in the assembled state cross-web. The second frame is usually forced in the assembled state by gravity against the support wall. The proposed cross-bridge also serves to counteract wind-related lifting forces.

Advantageously, the base plate, the at least one hook and the support wall are made in one piece from a sheet metal or an extruded profile. The sheet metal can be made of aluminum or stainless steel. The profile can be made of aluminum or plastic. The fastening element can in particular also be produced from an injection-molded plastic. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention extends between the two hooks of the base plate, a support web for supporting the hooked into the hook first frame. In particular, when the fastener made of a sheet metal and the two opposing hooks are formed by bending, the proposed support bar provides additional stability against bending or buckling of the base plate, which can be caused for example by uplifting wind forces. Apart from that, the proposed support bridge offers a suitable Design an additional support surface for supporting the first frame. This further improves the retention of the solar modules in the fastener.

A spacer plate with a thickness in the range from 1 to 30 mm can be provided on one of the underside of the base plate facing away from the hook and the support wall. The spacer plate may be made of a plastic or rubber material. It can have a profile on its base plate facing away from the further bottom, which corresponds to a profile of the roof skin. For example, the further underside can be designed corresponding to the shape of a trapezoidal or corrugated sheet metal, a roof tile or the like. If the spacer plate is made of an elastic material, this adapts at least partially to the shape of the roof skin.

According to another aspect of the invention, a mounting member for mounting solar modules is proposed on a sloping roof surface, wherein a plurality of fasteners of the invention are mounted on a mounting bar in a fixed predetermined distance A such that the hooks are aligned in the same direction. For the attachment of solar modules several of the proposed mounting elements are mounted in vertical alignment with the roof skin such that the fasteners mounted thereon are aligned horizontally with each other. In each case, a first solar module with its first frame can then be hooked into the hook in two adjacent fastening elements in the region of the ridge-side corners and supported on the support walls of further fastening elements in the region of the eaves-side oriented corners. Above, a second solar module can be mounted in an analogous way, etc ..

For the distance A, the following relationship advantageously applies:

A = B _R imitate - a - b - C + k, wherein Frame a width of the frame,

a is a first depth of the hook,

b is a second depth of the free leg of the first frame, c is a thickness of a profile base plate of the U-profile of the first frame, and

k is a value in the range of 0 to 3 mm.

The proposed distance A ensures that the solar module is held securely and reliably by means of two fastening elements mounted successively on the mounting strip. If the first frame rests against the support surface of a first fastener, then the free leg of an opposite frame portion abuts the slot opening opposite the end of the slot or forms with the opposite end of the slot at most an expansion joint of at most 3 mm.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. 1 shows a perspective partial view of a mounting element with solar modules attached thereto,

2 is a perspective view of a first fastener of FIG. 1,

3 is a sectional view through a second fastener,

4 shows a perspective view of a second fastening element, FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the fastening element according to FIG.

4 with solar modules attached thereto, Fig. 6 perspective view of a third fastener

Fig. 7 perspective view of a fourth fastener

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a fifth fastening element

Fig. 9 perspective view of a sixth fastener

10 is a perspective view of a seventh fastener and

Fig. 1 1 perspective view of an eighth fastener.

The mounting element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a mounting strip 1 to be placed vertically on a roof skin (not shown here), which is formed, for example, from a profile made of aluminum, in particular a cantilever or the like. A ridge-side end of the mounting strip 1 is denoted by F and a eaves-side end by T. On the mounting strip 1 are at a predetermined distance A generally designated by the reference numeral 2.1 first fastening elements attached. A eaves-side first solar module is denoted by the reference symbol S1, a ridge-side second solar module by the reference symbol S2. Each of the solar modules S1, S2 has a z. B. made of aluminum frame, whose opposite sides are each formed in the manner of a U-profile. A first frame of the first solar module S1 has a first free leg 3, which extends inwards at a bottom side opposite a collector surface of the first solar module S1, that is to say in FIG. H. extends in a direction which is below the collector surface of the first solar module S1. Likewise, the second solar module S2 has a second frame with a second free leg 4.

As can be seen in particular from the figures, each fastening element has a base plate 5, which has approximately a rectangular outline. From two opposing first edges of the base plate 5 extend hook 6. Each of the hooks 6 has a slot 7 for insertion of the free leg 3, 4. A predetermined by the hook 6 Einhangichtung E of the free leg 3, 4 extends approximately parallel to the extension direction of the slot 7. The reference numeral 8 denotes a support wall which extends from a second edge of the base plate 5, which extends perpendicular to the first edges , Ie. the support wall 8 extends approximately perpendicular to the predetermined by the hook 6 Einhängichtung E. At one of the base plate 5 facing away from the upper edge of the support wall 8 extends a web 9, which overlaps the second frame of the second solar module S2 in the assembled state.

In the mounting element shown in Fig. 1, the hooks 6 are each aligned in the same direction, d. H. the fasteners 2.1 are mounted so that the predetermined by the hook 6 Einhängichtung E points in the same direction.

3 shows a partial sectional view through a further mounting element with a second fastening element 2.2 attached thereto. In the case of the second fastening element 2.2, a first support web 9a which forms one edge of the slot 7 and extends from the base plate 5 is designed to be longer than in the case of the first fastening element 2.1. Incidentally, the fastening elements are similarly configured: An opening plane O of the hooks 6 and the support wall 8 are spaced apart at a first distance A1, so that in the assembled state between the first S1 and the second solar module S2, a rear ventilation gap S is formed. The first distance is z. B. 50 to 120 mm, the first width B1 is advantageously 30 to 100 mm, in particular 40 to 60 mm. A second distance A2 between a rear wall R of the solar modules S1, S2 and a roof surface (not shown here) is advantageously 40 to 100 mm, particularly preferably 60 to 80 mm. ., A ratio between the first width B1 of the rear ventilation gap S and a frame width B _R shown in Figure 1 hmen the solar modules S1, S2 is advantageously carried out as follows: B1 / frame ~ V, where V can take values in the range of 0.02 to 0.2, preferably 0.03 to 0.1.

For the distance A shown in FIG. 1, the following relationship expediently applies:

A = B _R imitate - a - b - C + k, where a is a first depth of the hook 6,

b is a second depth of the free leg 3 of the first frame, c is a thickness of a profile base plate 10 of the U-profile of the first frame.

In conventional frame profiles, instead of the profile base plate 10, a double-chamber hollow profile may also be provided. In this case, the thickness c corresponds to the thickness of the double-chamber hollow profile.

The distance A may be selected so that in the assembled state, the free leg 3 rests against one end of the slot 7. In this case: A = B _R imitate - a - b - C.

Between the slot end and the free leg 3, a gap or an expansion joint can be provided, which can assume values of 0 to 3 mm. In this case, the distance A decreases correspondingly by the value k. A height H of the support wall 8 is adapted to a further height of the profile base plate 10 of the U-profile of the second frame. It is z. B. 30 to 60 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a spacer plate 1 1 is attached to one of the underside of the base plate 5 facing the mounting strip 1, which spacer plate can have a further thickness D in the range from 1 to 40 mm. The base plate 5 has openings 12 for fastening the second fastening element 2.2, for example on the mounting strip 1, on. The openings 12 also pass through the spacer plate 1 1, which may be attached to the base plate 5, for example by means of an adhesive.

The fastener shown in the figures is suitably made of an aluminum sheet in one piece. The hooks 6 and the support wall 8 are formed by folds. Likewise, the web 9 may be formed by a fold. In a gap formed between the opposing hooks 6 extends in the first 2.1 and second fastener 2.2 of the base plate 5 also has a second support web 13, which may also be formed by a fold. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the second support web 13 serves for stiffening the base plate 5 and / or for supporting the free leg 3 inserted in the hook 6.

A second width B2 of the base plate 5 is expediently 60 to 120 mm. Accordingly, a distance between the opposing hooks 6 is suitably 50 to 120 mm, preferably 80 to 1 10 mm.

A third width B3 of the support wall 8 is advantageously in the range of 40 to 140 mm, preferably in the range of 70 to 120 mm. The support wall 8 may also be designed trapezoidal.

In FIGS. 2 and 5 fasteners are shown, in which only a first solar module S1 is hooked into one of the two hooks 6. The fastening Elements 2.1 and 2.2. However, they are suitable for hooking two of the eaves-side first solar modules S1 into a single fastening element 2.1, 2.2. Likewise, a single fastener is 2.1, 2.2, two

juxtaposed arranged ridge-side second solar modules S2 with their frame against the support wall 8.

Although the fastener shown in the figures is formed from a sheet metal part, it may also be that it is made of injection-molded plastic. Furthermore, it is conceivable to produce the fastening element from an extruded profile. In this case, if the fastener is to be suitable for mounting four solar modules, a milled recess or notch must be provided to form two opposing hooks 6. In the case of the first and second fastening elements 2.1, 2.2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, four solar modules S1, S2 can simultaneously be fastened in the region of their abutting corners. The further fastening elements 2.3 to 2.8 shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 are made simpler. They are suitable for fastening only two edge-adjacent solar modules S1, S2.

In the third fastening element 2.3 shown in FIG. 6 and in the fourth fastening element 2.4 shown in FIG. 7, the hook 6 is formed in each case by a leg 14 which runs parallel to the base plate 5. A slot height formed between the base plate 5 and the leg 14 remains substantially the same from the opening plane O to the end of the slot 7, that is to say the slot height. H. changes at most ± 5%.

In the case of the fifth fastening element 2.5 shown in FIG. 8, on the other hand, the slot height tapers from the opening plane O in the direction of the end of the slot 7.

The third fastening element 2.3 shown in FIG. 6 is expediently produced by extrusion of plastic or aluminum. By contrast, the fastening elements 2.4, 2.5 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be produced by means of laser cutting and edges made of an aluminum or steel sheet. The hook 6 can be conveniently prepared by a bend extending from the base plate 5. The hook 6 may have another opening 15. The corresponding counterpart is not bent away from the base plate 5, but instead forms a fastening tongue 16 extending from the hook-side end of the base plate 5. FIGS. 9 to 11 show a sixth, seventh and eighth fastening element 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 which similar to the third, fourth and fifth fastening element 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 (see FIGS. 6 to 8) are configured. However, in each case the base plate 5 is wider. A base plate width is advantageously 300 to 500 mm, in particular 380 to 420 mm. Furthermore, separate hooks 6 are respectively provided at the free corners of the base plate 5, ie each of the fastening elements 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 has two hooks 6 extending from the base plate 5. Because of the configuration of the hook 6, etc., reference is made to the description of FIGS. 6 to 8. The sixth to eighth fastening elements 2.6 to 2.8 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 are each suitable for mounting two adjacent solar modules S1, S2 in the two hooks 6 extending from the base plate 5. Furthermore, the fastening elements 2.6 to 2.8 are respectively suitable for Supporting two adjacent further solar modules on the supporting wall 8. D. h. With the sixth to eighth fastening elements 2.6 to 2.8 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, four solar modules S1, S2 can be fastened simultaneously-similar to the first 2.1 and second fastening element 2.2. However, it is also possible to use the sixth to eighth fastening elements 2.6 to 2.8 only for fastening two solar modules S1, S2 by hooking one solar module S1, S2 into both hooks 6 and supporting the other solar module S1, S2 against the support wall 8. The fastening elements 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 are particularly suitable for attachment to trapezoidal sheets. The base plate width is designed so that in each case a maximum gutter spacing commercial trapezoidal sheets, which is about 330 mm, bridged. Ie. the sixth, seventh and eighth fastening elements 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 are designed in the manner of a "trapezoidal sheet metal bridge", which can be fastened to two adjacent combs of the trapezoidal sheet metal. For this purpose, a plurality of apertures 12 provided in a universal arrangement can be provided in the base plate 5. In this case, the arrangement of the apertures 12 is selected so that the fastening elements 2.6 to 2.8 can be fastened to adjacent combs of commercially available trapezoidal sheets.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 mounting strip

2.1 to 2.8 fastening element

3 first free leg

4 second free leg

5 base plate

6 hooks

7 slot

8 support wall

9 footbridge

9a first support bridge

10 profile base plate

1 1 spacer plate

12 breakthrough

13 second support bar

14 thighs

15 more breakthrough

16 fixing tongue

a first depth

b second depth

c thickness

A distance

A1 first distance

A2 second distance

Bread width of the frame

B1 first width

B2 second width

B3 third width

D more thickness E suspension direction

F first-side end

H height

O opening plane

R back wall

S rear ventilation gap

S1 first solar module

S2 second solar module

T eaf end

Claims

claims

1 . Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) for fixing solar modules (S1, S2) on an inclined roof surface, with a base plate (5) for fixing on a roof surface of the roof surface or on a mounted on the roof covering mounting strip (1), at least one of the Base plate (5) extending hook (6) for suspending a first frame of a first solar module (S1), wherein the first frame (1) is moved to hang along a Einhängerrichtung (E) relative to the hook (6), and one opposite the hook (6) supporting wall (8) extending from the base plate (5) for supporting a second frame of a second solar module (S2), the supporting wall (8) being approximately perpendicular to the direction of attachment (E).

2. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the base plate (5) by cross-openings (12) are provided.

3. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hook (6) in a direction of attachment (E) extending slot (7) for inserting a free leg (3) of a U-shaped like first formed Creamy.

4. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first distance (A1) between a parallel to the support wall (8) extending opening plane (O) of the slot (7) and the opposite support wall (8) 50 to 120 mm , preferably 60 to 80 mm.

5. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein spaced from the base plate (5) by a second width (B2) of 40 to 140 mm, preferably 70 to 120 mm, two of the hooks (6), in such a way that two first frames of two first solar modules (S1, S2) can be suspended next to each other.

6. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the two hooks (6) of the base plate (5) has a support web (13) for stiffening the base plate (5) and / or for supporting the in the hook (6) hinged first frame.

7. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support wall (8) has a height (H) of 30 to 60 mm, preferably 35 to 50 mm.

8. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a third width (B3) of the support wall (8) 40 to 140 mm, preferably 70 to 120 mm.

9. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein from one of the base plate (5) facing away from the upper edge

Supporting wall (8) at an angle of 80 to 100 ° extends a second frame in the assembled state crosspiece web (9).

10. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base plate (5), the at least one hook (6) and the support wall

(8) are made in one piece from a metal sheet or from an extruded profile.

1 1. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet is made of aluminum or stainless steel.

12. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile is made of aluminum or plastic.

13. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims che, made of injection-molded plastic.

14. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on one of the hook (6) and the support wall (8) facing away from underside of the base plate (5) has a spacer plate (1 1) with a thickness (D) in the area from 1 to 30 mm is provided.

15. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer plate (1 1) is made of a plastic or rubber material.

16. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer plate (1 1) and the base plate (5) are made in one piece.

17. Fastening element (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims che, wherein the underside of the base plate (5) or a further underside of the spacer plate (1 1) is designed so that they are substantially positive fit to a conventional trapezoidal sheet or a conventional Roof plate can be applied.

18. Mounting element for mounting solar panels on an inclined roof surface, wherein a plurality of fastening elements (2.1 to 2.8) according to one of the preceding claims on a mounting strip (1) are mounted at a fixed predetermined distance A such that the hooks (6) in the same Direction are aligned.

19. Mounting element according to claim 18, wherein for the distance A, the following relationship applies:

A = B _R imitate - a - b - C + k, wherein

Frame a width of the frame, a first depth of the hook (6),

a second depth of the free leg (3) of the first frame, a thickness of a profile base plate (10) of the U-profile of the first frame and

is a value in the range of 0 to 3 mm.