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EP2849185B1 - Materiaux de contact pour utilisation dans des systemes de haute tension et courant continue embarqués - Google Patents

Materiaux de contact pour utilisation dans des systemes de haute tension et courant continue embarqués Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2849185B1
EP2849185B1 EP14002972.9A EP14002972A EP2849185B1 EP 2849185 B1 EP2849185 B1 EP 2849185B1 EP 14002972 A EP14002972 A EP 14002972A EP 2849185 B1 EP2849185 B1 EP 2849185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
matrix
range
silver
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14002972.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2849185A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen STEINWANDEL
Dietrich P. Jonke
Helmut Piringer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2849185A1 publication Critical patent/EP2849185A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H33/10—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H2001/0208—Contacts characterised by the material thereof containing rhenium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/024—Material precious
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/026—Material non precious
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/03—Composite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2239/00—Miscellaneous
    • H01H2239/044—High voltage application
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/036—Application nanoparticles, e.g. nanotubes, integrated in switch components, e.g. contacts, the switch itself being clearly of a different scale, e.g. greater than nanoscale

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a contact element for high-voltage DC switches, a method for producing such a contact element and the use of the contact element in a high-voltage DC switch.
  • contact elements or joints are mainly known from AC circuits.
  • the known contact materials are for example silver / tin oxide, which are suitable for use at currents up to 50A.
  • High-current switches on the other side are plasma switches, such as those used in power plants, for example.
  • plasma switches such as those used in power plants, for example.
  • electronic switching elements are used for high voltage DC switches.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a contact element or a connection point available, which can be used in a high-voltage DC switch and in comparison to conventional contact elements or connection points a smaller formation of plasma flashovers is achieved, the one lower security risk leads.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing such a contact element for high voltage DC switches. In particular, this method should have a low production cost.
  • the contact element according to the invention is suitable for use in a high-voltage DC switch. Another advantage is that the contact element has a greatly reduced tendency to form plasma flashovers or no plasma flashovers and thus offers a low security risk.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element, and / or the contact element comprises the foreign phase in an amount of 0.1 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of contact element.
  • the foreign phase is homogeneously distributed in the matrix.
  • the foreign phase distributed in the matrix comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in a range of 100.0 to 1000.0 nm, preferably in a range of 100.0 to 750.0 nm and more preferably in a range of 100.0 to 500.0 nm.
  • the contact element has a porosity of ⁇ 0.5 vol.% And preferably ⁇ 0.1 vol.%, Based on the total volume of the contact element.
  • the contact element is a thermally sprayed contact element.
  • the contact element has a layer thickness between 100.0 ⁇ m and 5.0 mm, preferably between 200.0 ⁇ m and 3.0 mm, more preferably between 250.0 ⁇ m and 2.0 mm and in particular between 300.0 ⁇ m and 1.0 mm.
  • the first material comprises particles having a diameter in the range from 5.0 to 100.0 ⁇ m, preferably in a range from 5.0 to 50.0 ⁇ m and more preferably in a range from 5.0 to 25.0 ⁇ m and / or the second material in step b) comprises nanoparticles with a diameter in a range of 100.0 to 1000.0 nm, preferably in one range from 100.0 to 750.0 nm, and more preferably in a range of 100.0 to 500.0 nm.
  • the second material is carbon and is selected from the group comprising fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, and mixtures of these.
  • the first material is provided in an amount of 75.0 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element, and / or the second material in an amount of 0.1 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element , provided.
  • step c) takes place by grinding the first material with the second material.
  • step d) takes place by cold gas spraying or plasma spraying or flame spraying.
  • the present invention relates to the use of the contact element in a high voltage DC switch.
  • a high voltage DC switch for example, in an electric power drive, preferably in an aircraft.
  • the contact element comprises a matrix of a first material selected from the group comprising copper, silver, palladium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, gold and alloys thereof.
  • the first material comprises molybdenum or copper.
  • the first material comprises silver or gold or palladium.
  • the first material comprises silver or gold, preferably silver.
  • the first material is silver or gold or palladium.
  • the first material is silver or gold, preferably silver.
  • a matrix comprising a first material, preferably consisting of silver, has the particular advantage that a contact element comprising such a matrix has a high electrical conductivity.
  • the first material comprises an alloy, wherein the base metal is selected from one of the above-mentioned elements.
  • the alloy preferably comprises a first element selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, palladium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel and gold as the base metal.
  • the alloy comprises at least a second element or a second compound selected from the group comprising palladium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carbide, nickel, nickel carbide, ruthenium, iridium, silver copper, silver nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, silver, and mixtures of these.
  • the first element is chemically different from the second element or the second compound.
  • the first element of the alloy ie, the base metal, silver
  • the second element or compound of the alloy selected from the group comprising palladium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carbide, nickel, nickel carbide, ruthenium, iridium, silver copper, silver nickel, Cobalt, copper, carbon and mixtures of these.
  • the carbon is preferably selected from the group comprising fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, and mixtures of these.
  • the matrix comprises an alloy such as Ag-Pd, Ag-Cd, AgC, Ag-WC, Ag-WC-C, Ag-Ni, AgNiC, AgCu, Ag-W, Au-Ni, Au Co, AuAg, AuAgCu, AuAgNi, Pd-Ag, PdCu, PdRu, Ptlr, PtRu, PtW, W-Cu, Cu-W, Cu-Ag, etc.
  • the alloy preferably comprises the first element in an amount of 50.0 to 97.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the first element in an amount of 60.0 to 95.0 wt% or in an amount of 70.0 to 90.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the second element or compound in an amount of from 3.0 to 50.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the second element or the second compound in an amount of 5.0 to 40.0 wt% or in an amount of 10.0 to 30.0 wt% based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the matrix comprises an alloy such as AgNi10, AgNi15, AgNi40, AgCu3, AgCu10, AgCu20, AgCu28, AgPd30, AgPd50, PdCu15 or PdCu40.
  • the amount of matrix in the contact element can vary within a wide range.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 90.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 80.0 to 90.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the foreign phase in an amount of 0.1 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 20.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 99.9 wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 0.1 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 90.0 wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element comprises the matrix in an amount of 80.0 to 90.0 Wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 20.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element consists of the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 99.9 wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 0.1 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element consists of the matrix in an amount of 75.0 to 90.0 wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element consists of the matrix in an amount of 80.0 to 90.0 wt .-% and the foreign phase in an amount of 10.0 to 20.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the contact element has a foreign phase distributed in the matrix.
  • the foreign phase comprises a second material selected from the group comprising carbon.
  • the use of carbon as the second material has the advantage that the contact element obtained has a high erosion protection and thus uniform wear of the contacts is ensured.
  • the second material is carbon
  • the second material is carbon and the carbon is selected from the group comprising fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite and mixtures thereof.
  • the second material is chemically different from the first material.
  • the first material is tungsten
  • the second material is selected from the group comprising carbon.
  • the first material of the contact element comprises silver and the second material is selected from the group comprising carbon.
  • the first material of the contact element comprises silver and the second material comprises carbon.
  • the first material of the contact element is made of silver and the second material consists of carbon.
  • the foreign phase is homogeneously distributed in the matrix.
  • the foreign phase distributed in the matrix comprises nanoparticles.
  • nanoparticles particles having particle sizes in the nanometer to micrometer range.
  • the extraneous phase distributed in the matrix comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in a range of 100.0 to 1000.0 nm.
  • the extraneous phase distributed in the matrix comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in a range of 100.0 to 750.0 nm or in a range of 100.0 to 500.0 nm.
  • the use of nanoparticles has the advantage that this contributes to a more homogeneous distribution of the foreign phase in the matrix.
  • the contact element has a porosity of ⁇ 1.0 vol .-%, based on the total volume of the contact element on.
  • a low porosity is advantageous, since this leads to the reduction or avoidance of arcing and the contact element obtained has a high erosion protection and thus offers a lower security risk.
  • by grinding graphite on the matrix material a uniform distribution of the graphite in the matrix can be achieved.
  • the contact element has a porosity of ⁇ 0.5 vol .-%, based on the total volume of the contact element on.
  • the contact element has a porosity of ⁇ 0.1% by volume, based on the total volume of the contact element.
  • a porosity of ⁇ 1.0% by volume, preferably ⁇ 0.5% by volume and more preferably ⁇ 0.1% by volume, based on the total volume of the contact element, in the contact element is preferably obtained by producing it in a thermal spraying process , Accordingly, the inventive contact element is preferably a thermally sprayed contact element.
  • the layer thickness of the contact element is in typical areas for these elements.
  • the contact element has a layer thickness of between 100.0 ⁇ m and 5.0 mm.
  • the contact element has a layer thickness between 200.0 ⁇ m and 3.0 mm, more preferably between 250.0 ⁇ m and 2.0 mm and in particular between 300.0 ⁇ m and 1.0 mm.
  • This process offers in comparison to the previously customary melt metallurgical and powder metallurgy process the advantage that a complex production of precursors, such as sintered blocks, and their complex further processing by rolling, drawing and / or extrusion omitted.
  • the contact element can be sprayed directly onto the carrier used, so that the soldering of the contact element on the corresponding carrier or the stamping and embossing for the production of individual parts is eliminated.
  • the present method therefore has only a low production cost.
  • an advantage of sprayed contact elements compared to extruded contact elements is that intermediate annealing steps are eliminated to re-dissolve the strain hardening resulting from high levels of strain and strain to make the material "flowable" again. During the spraying process, these steps are eliminated because the contact element is constructed generatively layer by layer and this is not done by forming steps with tools.
  • step a) comprises providing a first material as described above.
  • a requirement of the present invention is that a first material selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, palladium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel, gold, and alloys thereof is provided therefrom.
  • the first material comprises molybdenum or copper.
  • the first material comprises silver or gold or palladium.
  • the first material comprises silver or gold, preferably silver.
  • the first material is silver or gold or palladium.
  • the first material is silver or gold, preferably silver.
  • the first material comprises an alloy, wherein the base metal is selected from one of the above-mentioned elements.
  • the alloy preferably comprises a first element selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, palladium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel and gold as the base metal.
  • the alloy comprises at least one second element or a second compound selected from the group consisting of palladium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carbide, nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, silver, and mixtures of these. It should be noted that the first element is chemically different from the second element or the second compound.
  • the first element of the alloy ie, the base metal, silver
  • the second element or compound of the alloy selected from the group comprising palladium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carbide, nickel, nickel carbide, ruthenium, iridium, silver copper, silver nickel, Cobalt, copper, carbon and mixtures of these.
  • the carbon is preferably selected from the group comprising fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, and mixtures of these.
  • the alloy comprises, for example, Ag-Pd, Ag-Cd, AgC, Ag-WC, Ag-WC-C, Ag-Ni, AgNiC, AgCu, Ag-W, Au-Ni, Au-Co, AuAg, AuAgCu, AuAgNi, Pd-Ag, PdCu, PdRu, Ptlr, PtRu, PtW, W-Cu, Cu-W, Cu-Ag, etc.
  • the alloy preferably comprises the first element in an amount of 50.0 to 97.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the first element in an amount of 60.0 to 95.0 wt% or in an amount of 70.0 to 90.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the second element or compound in an amount of from 3.0 to 50.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy comprises the second element or the second compound in an amount of 5.0 to 40.0 wt% or in an amount of 10.0 to 30.0 wt% based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the matrix comprises an alloy such as AgNi10, AgNi15, AgNi40, AgCu3, AgCu10, AgCu20, AgCu28, AgPd30, AgPd50, PdCu15 or PdCu40.
  • the first material has a certain particle size.
  • the first material in step a) comprises particles with a diameter in a range of 5.0 to 100.0 ⁇ m.
  • the first material in step a) comprises particles with a diameter in the range of 5.0 to 50.0 ⁇ m or of 5.0 to 25.0 ⁇ m.
  • the first material in step a) consists of particles with a diameter in the range of 5.0 to 100.0 ⁇ m.
  • the first material in step a) consists of particles with a diameter in the range of 5.0 to 50.0 ⁇ m or of 5.0 to 25.0 ⁇ m.
  • the first material is provided as a powder.
  • the first material is preferably provided in an amount of from 75.0 to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the first material is provided in an amount of 75.0 to 90.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the first material is provided in an amount of from 80.0 to 90.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the second material is carbon
  • the second material is carbon, and the carbon is preferably selected from the group comprising fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, and mixtures of these.
  • the second material has a certain particle size.
  • the second material in step b) comprises nanoparticles.
  • the second material in step b) comprises particles having a diameter in the range from 100.0 to 1000.0 nm.
  • the second material in step b) comprises particles having a diameter in a range from 100.0 to 750.0 nm or from 100.0 to 500.0 nm.
  • the second material is chemically different from the first material.
  • a material selected from the group consisting of carbon is provided as the second material.
  • the second material is provided in an amount of from 0.1% to 25.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the second material is provided in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the second material is provided in an amount of from 10.0 to 20.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the contact element.
  • the second material is provided as a powder.
  • the first material and the second material are provided as a powder.
  • the foreign phase of the second material preferably homogeneous, in the matrix, ie the first material, is distributed. This is achieved, in particular, by bringing the first material into contact with the second material for producing a master alloy comprising the first material and the second material, preferably consisting of the first material and the second material.
  • the first material is preferably achieved by bringing the first material into contact with the second material in step c) by grinding the first material with the second material.
  • milling the first material with the second material may be carried out in a mill suitable therefor, e.g. Attritormühle, ball mill, etc., take place.
  • the second material can be rubbed onto the particles of the first material and thus lead to a homogeneous distribution of foreign phase in the matrix. This is usually done at temperatures of preferably not more than 100 ° C for preferably less than 10 minutes. For example, this occurs at room temperature, i. about 18 to 24 ° C, for preferably less than 10 minutes.
  • the contacting of the first material with the second material in step c) can be carried out by chemical attachment of the second material to the first material via conventional auxiliaries.
  • cladding processes are known in the art.
  • the contacting of the first material with the second material in step c) is used in particular for producing a master alloy comprising the first material and the second material, preferably consisting of the first material and the second material. It should be noted that the received in this step Pre-alloy has a preferably homogeneous distribution of the second material in the first material.
  • the master alloy for the production of the contact element is thermally sprayed.
  • the thermal spraying takes place by cold gas spraying or plasma spraying or flame spraying.
  • the thermal spraying in step d) takes place by flame spraying.
  • flame spraying is by high velocity flame spraying. Flame spraying and high speed flame spraying processes are known in the art. In particular, this occurs at temperatures of preferably more than 800 ° C. In one embodiment of the present invention, the process temperature ⁇ the melting temperature of the powder material to be processed.
  • the thermal spraying in step d) is carried out by plasma spraying.
  • Plasma spray techniques are known in the art. In particular, this happens in the normal or low pressure range.
  • the thermal spraying in the low-pressure region has the advantage that a more homogeneous distribution of the foreign phase, ie of the second material, in the matrix, ie the first material, can be achieved.
  • the plasma spraying process is carried out in the low-pressure range, this is preferably carried out in a range from 0.01 to 1 bar.
  • the plasma is preferably generated by passing a process gas through an arc burning continuously within the plasma torch.
  • the process gas used is preferably a gas selected from the group comprising argon, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen or mixtures of these.
  • a mixture of argon and helium and optionally nitrogen is used as the process gas.
  • a mixture of argon and hydrogen and optionally nitrogen is used as the process gas.
  • the plasma spraying process is carried out at temperatures of preferably more than 800 ° C.
  • the thermal spraying in step d) by cold gas spraying by cold gas spraying.
  • Cold gas spraying processes are known in the art.
  • a protective gas is accelerated to supersonic speed and the master alloy comprising the first material and the second material is injected into the gas jet.
  • the master alloy injected into the gas jet is accelerated to such a high speed that it is not necessary to premelt or reflow the master alloy.
  • the inert gas used is preferably a gas selected from the group comprising nitrogen, helium, compressed air or mixtures of these.
  • compressed air is used as protective gas.
  • the use of compressed air is preferably carried out in a pressure range of 30 to 70 bar, for example in a pressure range of 30 to 60 bar.
  • a mixture of nitrogen and helium is used as protective gas.
  • Cold gas spraying offers several advantages. On the one hand, contact elements with a very low porosity are obtained, preferably with a porosity of ⁇ 0.5 vol.% And more preferably ⁇ 0.1 vol.%, Based on the total volume of the contact element. On the other hand, the contact elements produced in this way have a very dense layer with a high hardness, with which a high adhesion to carrier materials can additionally be achieved. Furthermore, the cold gas spraying avoids oxidation of the first and / or second material in the master alloy. Another advantage of cold gas spraying is that a contact element can be made with a gradual fraction of the second material in the first material.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the contact element in a high-voltage DC switch.
  • the contact element is used in an electric power drive.
  • the contact element is used in an electric power drive of an aircraft.
  • the formation of plasma flashovers are greatly reduced by the contact element according to the invention or the contact element according to the invention has no plasma flashovers. This reduces the security risk when using the contact element.
  • a contact element not according to the invention comprising a matrix of silver and a foreign phase of stannous oxide distributed in the matrix was prepared as explained below.
  • the visual inspection of the contact element by means of micrograph analysis showed that the contact element had a porosity of ⁇ 1.0% by volume, based on the total volume of the contact element; see also Fig. 1 , The particles of the foreign phase have a diameter of 5-35 microns. Furthermore, an adhesion of about 80 MPa was determined on the carrier tape for the contact element, so that a very high adhesion to the carrier material is given. The adhesion was determined by the AQL method (statistical control) according to Din 50014.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Claims (14)

  1. Élément de contact pour interrupteur haute tension à courant continu, l'élément de contact comprenant :
    a) une matrice composée d'un premier matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant du cuivre, de l'argent, du palladium, du platine, du tungstène, du molybdène, du rhénium, du nickel, de l'or et des alliages de ceux-ci, et
    b) une phase étrangère répartie dans la matrice et composée d'un second matériau, le second matériau étant du carbone et est choisi parmi le groupe comprenant du fullerène, des nanotubes de carbone, du graphène, du graphite et des mélanges de ceux-ci,
    dans lequel l'élément de contact présente une porosité de ≤ 1,0 % en volume par rapport au volume total de l'élément de contact.
  2. Élément de contact selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément de contact comprend la matrice dans une quantité de 75,0 à 99,9 % en poids par rapport au poids total de l'élément de contact et/ou l'élément de contact comprend la phase étrangère dans une quantité de 0,1 à 25,0 % en poids par rapport au poids total de l'élément de contact.
  3. Élément de contact selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la phase étrangère est répartie de manière homogène dans la matrice.
  4. Élément de contact selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la phase étrangère répartie dans la matrice comprend des nanoparticules ayant un diamètre compris dans une plage de 100,0 à 1 000,0 nm de préférence dans une plage de 100,0 à 750,0 nm et encore plus préféré dans une plage de 100,0 à 500,0 nm.
  5. Élément de contact selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de contact présente une porosité de ≤ 0,5 % en volume et de préférence ≤ 0,1 % en volume par rapport au volume total de l'élément de contact.
  6. Élément de contact selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de contact est un élément de contact pulvérisé par injection thermique.
  7. Élément de contact selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de contact présente une épaisseur de couche comprise entre 100,0 µm et 5,0 mm, de préférence entre 200,0 µm et 3,0 mm, encore plus préféré entre 250,0 µm et 2n0 mm et en particulier entre 300.0 µm et 1,0 mm.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de contact pour interrupteur haute tension à courant continu, le procédé consistant à :
    a) fournir un premier matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant du cuivre, de l'argent, du palladium, du platine, du tungstène, du molybdène, du rhénium, du nickel, de l'or et des alliages de ceux-ci,
    b) fournir un second matériau, le second matériau étant du carbone et est choisi parmi le groupe comprenant du fullerène, des nanotubes de carbone, du graphène, du graphite et des mélanges de ceux-ci,
    c) amener en contact le premier matériau de l'étape a) avec le second matériau de l'étape b) pour fabriquer un pré-alliage comprenant le premier matériau et le second matériau, et
    d) pulvériser par injection thermique le préalliage obtenu à l'étape c) pour fabriquer l'élément de contact comprenant une matrice composée du premier matériau et une phase étrangère répartie dans la matrice et composée d'un second matériau.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le premier matériau à l'étape a) comprend des particules ayant un diamètre compris dans une plage de 5,0 à 100,0 µm, de préférence dans une plage de 5,0 à 50,0 µm et encore plus préféré dans une plage de 5,0 à 25,0 µm et/ou le second matériau à l'étape b) comprend des nanoparticules ayant un diamètre compris dans une plage de 100,0 à 1 000,0 nm de préférence dans une plage de 100,0 à 750,0 nm et encore plus préféré dans une plage de 100,0 bis 500,0 nm.
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes 8 ou 9, dans lequel le premier matériau est fourni dans une quantité de 75,0 à 99,9 % en poids, par rapport au poids total de l'élément de contact, et/ou le second matériau est fourni dans une quantité de 0,1 à 25,0 % en poids, par rapport au poids total de l'élément de contact.
  11. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes 8 à 10, dans lequel le contact réalisé à l'étape c) se fait par pulvérisation du premier matériau avec le second matériau.
  12. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes 8 à 11, dans lequel la pulvérisation par injection thermique se fait à l'étape d) par une injection de gaz froids ou une injection plasma ou une pulvérisation à la flamme.
  13. Utilisation d'un élément de contact selon une des revendications 1 à 7 dans un interrupteur haute tension à courant continu.
  14. Utilisation selon la revendication 13 dans un entraînement de puissance électrique, de préférence dans un aéronef.
EP14002972.9A 2013-09-11 2014-08-28 Materiaux de contact pour utilisation dans des systemes de haute tension et courant continue embarqués Active EP2849185B1 (fr)

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US11967471B2 (en) * 2019-08-27 2024-04-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Electrical contact and vacuum switch tube comprising electrical contact
CN111001801A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-04-14 福达合金材料股份有限公司 一种银碳化钨-钼复合电触头材料及其骨架粉体和制备方法
DE102020201523A1 (de) 2020-02-07 2021-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltlichtbogen-resistenter Beschichtungswerkstoff für Schalt- und Kontaktvorrichtungen sowie Anwendungsbeispiele für den Beschichtungswerkstoff und zwei Verfahren für dessen Herstellung
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