EP2791401B1 - Combing machine based on the heilmann principle - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a circular comb for a combing machine with a mounted on the portion of its circumference Kämmsegment and attached to a further portion of its circumference Abreisssegment which cooperates for the tearing off with a deliverable Abreisswalze (Heilmann principle).

The first combers, which were built according to the Heilmann principle in the 19th century, were equipped with combing cylinders, which had a shell circle diameter of 5 inches (ca, 125 mm) and more.

CH-A-150 873 shows this state of the art.

The Heilmann principle was based on a fixed nipper unit in which only the upper nipper plate moved to create a nip for the fiber material in the area of the front nipper lips. In this case, a rotatably mounted circular comb was arranged stationary to the fixed lower pliers plate, which was provided on a portion of its circumference with a Kämmsegment to comb out of the closed nipper unit (short "pliers") outstanding tuft. On the side opposite the combing segment of the circumference of the circular comb a Abreisssegment was attached, which formed a nip in cooperation with a radially deliverable Abreisswalze to extract fibers from the previously combed tuft, or tear. During the tear-off process, the clothing of a fixing comb penetrates the fiber mass to be torn off in order to also comb out the rear part of the fiber mass, which is not covered by the combing segment. The combing machines of the time, which worked according to this principle, had comb numbers of between about 80 and 90 comb games / min. With the then prevailing Kammspielzahlen the discontinuous tearing of fiber packets and the soldering (bonding) with an already formed fleece could still be mastered without any problems due to the lower speeds. Due to the demand for higher productivity, the number of combs has gradually been increased, which has reached the limits of Heilmann's principle, where great problems have arisen in the discontinuous formation of the nonwoven fabric during the soldering process in order to produce a high-quality nonwoven fabric.

To accomplish this and to allow a further increase in Kammspielzahlen one has left the Heilmannsche method and has switched to the procedures for Gegauff, with which at the beginning a doubling of Kammspielzahlen to 160 KS / min was possible. In this method, the nipper unit is moved with a swinging motion to a stationary mounted Abreisswalzenpaar and torn off there and soldered to the fiber web already formed. During the tear-off process, the end of the withdrawn fiber material, which has not been combed out by the circular comb, is also pulled through a comb and combed here. The tear-off speed is no longer given by the round comb (also called "circular comb") in the process according to Gegauff, but can be adapted to the needs. It is now determined by the speed at the tear-off rollers. The same principle was used by the Nasmith combing machine, which differed only in terms of the gear arrangement from the inlet combing machine. It was followed by a variety of other execution principles of combers, but the principle has prevailed with a swinging nipper unit and a pilgrim movement of the tear-off rollers for the tear-off and soldering process to this day. With this principle, today comb combos of up to 600 KS / min are achieved. In order to achieve such high numbers of combs, the drives have been optimized in recent years, the weights of moving parts (eg the pliers) are reduced and the motion sequences of the individual elements involved in the combing process are improved. Due to the moving parts, such. B. by the reciprocating nipper unit and also driven by a pilgrim step movement Abreisswalzen is again encountered an upper limit, which does not seem feasible to further increase the Kammspielzahlen with the previous principle. That is, the resulting mechanical forces, in particular the resulting kinematic forces are no longer controllable and manageable with the existing facilities. By now newly developed soldering, which allow a continuous soldering without the use of a pilgrim step movement, it has become possible to reinstate the Heilmann principle with a fixed nipper unit and a tear segment on the circular comb, which cooperates with a deliverable tear roller to another increase today Kammspielzahlen (600 KS / min) to allow. Since, as already described above, the tearing speed When Heilmann principle depends on the speed and the circumference of the combing cylinder, the invention has the task of proposing a circular comb for use on a combing machine, which works according to the Heilmann principle, with which on the one hand even at high Kammspielzahlen the departure speed for subsequent continuous web formation not too high and manageable and on the other hand a good combing effect is made possible by the combing segment of the circular comb.

This object is achieved by proposing a circular comb for a combing machine according to the Heilmann principle, wherein the diameter of the enveloping circle of the circular comb is less than 100 mm and the combing segment extends over a circumferential angle between 140 ° and 180 °. The radius of the enveloping circle around the circular comb axis corresponds to the greatest radial distance, which has one of the elements mounted on the outer circumference of the circular comb of the circular comb axis.

Thus, on the one hand due to the reduced peripheral speed of the circular comb due to its smaller diameter, the departure speed can be kept low. On the other hand, the combing work by the selected angle of the Kämmgarnitur between 140 ° and 180 ° is sufficient to achieve the desired combing. Advantageously, the diameter of the enveloping circle of the circular comb is between 80 mm and 99 mm.

So that the tear-off process can be optimally matched in time to high comb play numbers, it is further proposed that the tear-off segment extend over a circumferential angle between 100 ° and 140 °.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the combing segment is provided with a needling of 10,000 to 17,000 needles. This ensures sufficient combing work.

Advantageously, the circular comb is formed from two half-shell-shaped elements fastened by fastening elements on a circular comb shaft, wherein the first element carries the combing segment and the second element is designed as a tear-off segment with a flute. This allows for easy production and trouble-free assembly and disassembly on the combing machine.

In order to align the two half-shell-shaped elements exactly to each other, it is further proposed that at least one of the half-shell-shaped elements are provided with spaced, parallel aligned pins, which engage for positioning of the two elements in holes with the same distance as the pins of the other shell-shaped element ,

In order to fasten the combing segment with the tear-off segment in a simple manner on the circular comb shaft, it is proposed that the first element carrying the combing segment is provided with semicircular flanges projecting beyond the combing segment at both ends and has a semicircular support surface open in the direction of the circular comb shaft, with which it at least partially rests on the peripheral surface of the circular comb shaft, and on which, with respect to the circular comb shaft, the Kämmsegment opposite side Abreissegment is arranged, which is provided with one, the two end faces of the Abreissegmentes longitudinally superior semicircular flange, on which on the, the respective, semicircular outer surface opposite side in each case an annular element is attached via fastening means which in each case with its semicircular inner surface on the semicircular outer surface of the respective flange, d it element, which carries the Kämmsegment, rests and covers the respective end face of the combing segment transmitting element, which lies outside the respective flange of Kämmsegmentes, via the fastening elements and thus acted upon annular elements, the combing segment-bearing element against the Abreissegment bearing element is braced against each other on the circular comb shaft.

This makes it possible to easily assemble and disassemble the combing set and the tear-off segment on the circular comb shaft, with both elements being able to be aligned precisely with one another without special aids. Due to the separation of the annular elements on both end faces of the element with the combing segment, the interior of the half-shell-shaped element, which carries the combing segment, is also sealed off against erosion. Ie. the annular elements, which are used for mutual bracing of Kämmsegmentes with the Abreissegment on the circular comb shaft have an additional function to keep the interior of the circular comb clean.

It is further proposed that - with respect to the axis of the circular comb shaft - the respective outer surface of the annular element and the respective outer surface of the semicircular flange of the Abreisssegmentes form a closed guide surface. This makes it possible to carry on this closed peripheral surface a role that is associated with a corresponding mechanism (eg., Spring load for the role) to z. B. to control the delivery of the tear-off to Abreisssegment. However, it is also possible to guide the payout roller directly on the closed guide surface without the use of other guide rollers.

Preferably, the claimed circular comb is used on a combing machine in which the circular comb is mounted rotatably about its axis stationary in the machine frame of the comber, which is associated with a nipper unit with a stationary mounted in the machine frame bottom pliers plate and a movably mounted upper pliers plate and with a Departing segment of the circular comb undeliverable tear-off and with a, the nipper unit or the tear-off roller downstream web-forming device.

It is proposed that the web-forming device is connected to a continuously operating drive.

The previously claimed construction of a circular comb with the two half-shell-shaped elements, which are braced by means of annular elements on the circular comb shaft, can also be used for round combs with a Hüllkreisdurchmesser> 100 mm. That The claimed construction can also be considered inventive in its own right.

Further advantages of the invention will be shown and described in more detail with reference to subsequent embodiments.

Fig.1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Kämmkopfes einer Kämmmaschine nach dem Heilmann Prinzip mit dem erfindungsgemäss beanspruchten Rundkamm.

Fig.2

eine vergrösserte Teilansicht des Rundkammes nach Fig.1

Fig.3

eine verkleinerte Schnittdarstellung A-A nach Fig.2

Show it:

Fig.1

a schematic side view of a combing head of a combing machine according to the Heilmann principle with the claimed according to the invention circular comb.

Fig.2

an enlarged partial view of the circular ridge Fig.1

Figure 3

a reduced sectional view AA after Fig.2

In FIG. 1 a schematic side view of a combing head 1 of a combing machine is shown. As a rule, the combing machine has a plurality of such combing heads which are arranged next to one another and are provided for processing a fiber material W fed to the respective combing head. The presented fibrous material can be supplied in the form of fiber slivers, wadding webs which are wound on reels, or in nonwoven form. The supplied fiber W is transferred via a feed roller 5 of a nipper unit 2 with a lower fixed pliers plate 3 in the region of a front pliers lip of the lower pliers plate 3, which together with a pliers lip of an upper pliers plate 4 can form a clamping point KS. In this case, the upper tong plate 4 (as shown schematically by the double arrow) is movably attached to the lower tong plate 3.

Below the nipper unit 2, a circular comb 7 is rotatably mounted about an axis RA via a circular comb shaft R. As indicated schematically, the circular comb 7 is formed from two half-shell-shaped elements S1, S2, which are braced against one another and fastened by using screws 19 and ring elements 15 on the circular comb shaft R. Further details regarding the attachment of the elements S1, S2 on the circular comb shaft R will be in the following description of the Figures 2 and 3 shown and described in detail.

On the outer circumference of the element S1, a combing segment 9 is fixed, which has needles or clothing tips 10 and extends over a circumferential angle w, which may be between 140 ° and 180 °. On the opposite element S2 a tear-off segment 12 is attached, which is provided with recesses, or with a Kannelur 13. During the tearing off of the combed fiber segment combed fiber comb FB 9, the tear-off segment 12 together with an undeliverable tear-off roller 24 forms a nip (not shown). It is therefore a combing head of a combing machine, which works according to the Heilmann method, wherein the demolition of the combed tuft takes place by a tear-off segment additionally mounted on the circular comb. Likewise, this method includes a fixed lower forceps plate.

In the in FIG. 1 shown position of the combing out of the closed nipper unit (short "pliers") outstanding tuft FB begins. The needles 10 comb through the Kämmsegment 9 detect tuft FB. During the combing process, all non-clamped components (eg short fibers, dirt, nits, etc.) are combed out of the fiber tuft FB and delivered downwards into a suction channel AK, which is connected to a vacuum source (not shown). The combed components still located between the needles 10 are removed by a brush roller 21 rotatably mounted below the circular comb 7 via an axis 22 and delivered to the suction channel AK. After completion of the combing operation, the forceps 2 is opened by lifting the upper tong plate 4. The tuft FB arrives in the region of the tear-off segment 12 and is lifted by this and guided on its outer circumference. At the same time, the fiber tuft FB is moved into the area of action of a clothing of a schematically illustrated fixing comb FK. The tear-off roller 24 shifts, in accordance with the arrow, in the direction of the tear-off segment 12, which is now below, until it forms a clamping point for the fiber material with this segment. The control of this displacement of the tear-off roller 24 may, for. Example, by attached to the circular comb curve elements 15 on which the tear-off roller 24 is held under a spring load. Such a design is in the Figures 2 and 3 and will be described in more detail below.

The fibers of the tuft FB, which grip the clamping point between the tear-off segment 12 and the tear-off roller 24, are pulled out of this and transferred to a subsequent soldering device 30, on which a fiber fleece V is formed. In the described tearing off the rear end of the peeled fiber package is pulled through the set of the schematically shown FK fixed comb through and combed. Thus, the region of the fiber material is combed out, which can not be detected by the geometric shape of the comb segment 9 of the circular comb 7. In the present case, the soldering device 30 consists of a, about an axis 33 rotatably mounted screen drum 32 which is driven by a drive AT. The interior of the screen drum 32 is in negative pressure by the schematically shown connection with a vacuum source U. Thus, the fiber web V formed on the screen drum 32 is held on the peripheral surface of the screen drum and passes through the further rotation of the screen drum in the region of a take-off roller 35. To perform a, undisturbed by the ambient air soldering To be able to, a casing VS is provided which seals off the area of web formation following the tear-off roller 24.

In order to set the torn off from the tear-off roller 24 fiber material to the already formed nonwoven fabric V roof tile, additional control elements within the drum 32, as well as correspondingly arranged shielding can be provided. Since such soldering devices have already been shown and described in other publications, no further details are given in the present exemplary embodiment. One of the cited publications is z. B. from the WO 2006/012758 A1 refer to.

The fiber web V which has reached the nip point between the take-off roll 35 and the screen drum 32 is delivered downwards and brought together via a fleece funnel 37 under the action of a subsequent calender roll pair 39 to form a sliver F which is delivered to a conveyor table T. On this conveyor table T, the sliver thus formed is supplied to a subsequent drafting unit, not shown, with further slivers formed on other combing heads. There, a single combing machine belt is formed after a drawing process, which is then stored via appropriate devices in a pot for further processing.

In the presentation of the FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the circular ridge 7 after FIG. 1 shown in more detail and in more detail. Further details are in FIG. 3 shown and described, which a reduced sectional view AA after FIG. 2 represents. In order to better show the control of the movement of the tear-off roller 24, the position of the tear-off roller 24 was compared with the representation in FIG FIG. 2 in the FIG. 3 shown offset by about 90 °.

As already described, the circular comb 7 consists of two half-shell-shaped elements S1, S2, which are braced against each other via corresponding elements 15 on the circular comb shaft R and are thus connected via a frictional engagement with the circular comb shaft R.

The element S1 consists of a half-shell-shaped main body 42, which is supported in the longitudinal direction L via the webs 44, 45 and a central web 47 on a half-shell-shaped hub 48. Via the opening 49 of the hub 48, this is supported on a portion of the contact surface UR of the circular ridge R. As indicated schematically, the hub 48 may be provided in the region of its bearing surface on the outer circumference UR of the circular comb shaft R with recesses 50 extending in the longitudinal direction. This ensures optimum contact with the peripheral surface UR of the circular comb shaft R. On the outer peripheral surface UR of the main body 42, the combing segment 9 is fixed, which may be made of several, provided with different Benadlung combing sections. In order to achieve a sufficient combing effect even with the claimed enveloping circle diameter HD smaller than 100 mm, the combing segment has a circumferential angle w, which can be between 140 ° and 180 °.

The element S2 opposite the element S2 likewise has a main body 52, on the outer circumference 54 of which a tear-off segment 12 is fastened, which can extend over a circumferential angle w1 of between 100 ° and 140 °. The half-shell-shaped base body 52 is reinforced by radially oriented webs 57, 58 and by a central web 60. The two end faces SF of the tear-off segment 12 are thereby surmounted by the webs 57, or 58 in the length L (or in the longitudinal direction).

The webs 57, 58 and the central web 60 have an open in the direction of the circular comb shaft semicircular recesses OF, via which the element S2 is supported on the outer circumference UR of the circular comb shaft R. In order to position the two elements S1, S2 in a horizontal position exactly to each other, z. B. on the element S1 spaced apart pins ST, which engage in correspondingly arranged holes D of the element S2, when the two elements S1, S2 are joined together on the circular comb shaft R.

In order to fix the two elements S1, S2 on the circular comb shaft R, semicircular flanges 62, 63 are attached to both end sides of the hub 48, which project beyond the base body 42 in the longitudinal direction by a dimension a. The semicircular openings ON of the hubs 62, 63 are aligned in the direction of the circular comb shaft R and are aligned with the opening 49 of the hub 48. In the radial direction are the flanges 62, and 63, the webs 57, and 58 of the element S2 across from. The element S2 is provided in the region of its webs 57 and 58 each with a stepped outer contour KA, which corresponds to the staircase-shaped inner contour KI of a mounted on each side of the circular comb ring element 15. Ie. During assembly, the respective ring element 15 is pushed with the internal dimension m on the webs 57, and 58 respectively. In this case, the semicircular inner surface 14 of the respective annular element 15 comes on the respective same shape outer surface 62a, or 63a of the flanges 62, and 63 to the system and presses the respective flange 62, and 63 against the outer circumference UR of the circular comb shaft R under the action of tightened Screws 19. To this end, 58 depressions VT are attached to the respective webs, in which in the webs 57, 58 existing through holes B open. In the assembled state, these holes B are aligned with threaded holes G which are provided in the ring elements 15. When mounting screws 19 are pushed through the holes B and screwed into the threaded holes G. In this process, the respective ring element 15 is moved to the respective web 57, 58, wherein the ring element with the inner surfaces which have a distance m, on the respective web 57, and 58, respectively. In this case, the webs 57, 58 as well as the central web 60 come to rest on the circumference UR of the circular comb shaft R. The webs 57, 58 and the central web 60 then still have a distance c to the flanges 62, 63 and the hub 48 , Likewise, there is still a distance d between the respective webs 57, 58 and the respective ring elements 15. This ensures that the clamping force generated by the screws 19 between the respective webs 57, 58, 60 of the element S1 and the flanges 62, 63 and the hub 48 of the element S1 and the circular comb shaft R comes into play. Of course, additional positioning means (not shown) may be provided on the circular comb shaft R, via which the two elements S1, S2 in the circumferential direction of the circular comb shaft R can be positioned accordingly to tune the position of the combing segment 9, or the tear-off segment 12 on the movement within a comb play with the other elements (pliers, soldering, etc.). As in particular from FIG. 2 can be seen, form the outer contours A15 of the ring elements 15 with the outer contours K1 of the webs 57, 58 a closed peripheral surface on which the tear-off roller 24 is guided. In this case, the axis 24a of the tear-off roller 24 is loaded via a spring FD, which is supported on the machine frame MG. The outer enveloping circle H9 of the combing segment 9 has an inwardly offset distance k from the outer contour A15 of the respective ring element 15. This ensures that during the circulation of the circular comb 7, the tear-off roller 24 does not come into contact with the combing segment 9. On the opposite side of the combing segment 9, the outer contour A12 of the Abreisssegmentes 12 dominates the outer contour K1 of the respective web 57, 58 and the outer contour A15 of the respective ring element 15. This ensures that during the circulation of the circular comb 7 during a Kammspieles the tear roller 24th comes to rest on the outer circumference A12 of Abreisssegmentes 12 to the plant and can form a nip with this for the tearing off. In FIG. 3 again schematically shows that the tear-off rollers 24 have a safety distance k to Hüllkreis H9 of Kämmsegmentes 9 to prevent a collision with the needles 10 of the comb segment 9.

As continues from the Figures 2 and 3 can be seen inside the half-shell-shaped element S2 balancing weights MA via screws 27 attached to attachment points 28 to compensate for the circular comb 9 in terms of mass.

With the proposed embodiment of the circular comb gives a simple and compact design, which is on the one hand insensitive to dirt and on the other hand can be easily assembled and disassembled. Of course, the embodiment shown here is not limited to an embodiment of a circular comb with an enveloping circle diameter HD of less than 100 mm.

Claims (11)

1. A circular comb (7) for a combing machine having a comb segment (9) attached on a partial region of its circumference (UR) and a detaching segment (12) attached on a further partial region of its circumference (UR), which cooperates for the detaching operation with a detaching roller (24), which can be advanced, characterized in that the diameter (HD) of the envelope circle (HK) of the circular comb (R) is less than 100 mm and the comb segment (9) extends over a peripheral angle (w) between 140° and 180°.
2. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the diameter (HD) of the envelope circle (HK) of the circular comb (7) is between 80 mm and 99 mm.
3. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the detaching segment (12) extends over a peripheral angle (w1) between 100° and 140°.
4. The circular comb (7) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the comb segment (9) is provided with a needle arrangement of 10,000 to 17,000 needles (10).
5. The circular comb (7) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the circular comb is formed from two half-shell-shaped elements (S1, S2), which are fastened via fastening elements (15, 19) on a circular comb shaft (R), wherein the first element (S1) bears the comb segment (9) and the second element (S2) is implemented as a detaching segment (12) having fluting (13).
6. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the half-shell-shaped elements (S1, S2) is provided with pins (ST), which are arranged spaced apart and are aligned parallel to one another, and which, to position the two elements (S1, S2), engage in boreholes (D) having the same spacing as the pins (ST) of the other half-shell-shaped element.
7. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the first element (S1) bearing the comb segment (9) is provided with semicircular flanges (62, 63) protruding beyond the comb segment on both ends, and a semicircular support surface (ON), which is open in the direction of the circular comb shaft (R), and using which it rests at least partially on the peripheral surface (UR) of the circular comb shaft (R), and on which, in relation to the circular comb shaft (R), the side of the detaching segment (12) opposite to the comb segment (9) is arranged, which is provided with respectively one semicircular web (57, 58) protruding beyond the two end faces (SF) of the detaching segment in the longitudinal direction (L), on which, on the side opposite to the respective semicircular outer surface (K1), respectively one annular element (15) is attached via fastening means (19), which respectively rests with its semicircular inner surface (14) on the semicircular outer surface (62a, 63a) of the respective flange (62, 63) of the element (S1) which bears the comb segment (9) and overlaps the respective end face (SK) of the element (S1) bearing the comb segment which lies outside the respective flange (62, 63), wherein the element (S1) bearing the comb segment is clamped against the element (S2) bearing the detaching segment on the circular comb shaft via the fastening means (19) and the annular elements (15) to which they are applied.
8. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that - in relation to the axis (RA) of the circular comb shaft (R) - the respective outer surface (A15) of the annular element (15) and the respective outer surface (K1) of the semicircular flange (57, 58) of the detaching segment (12) form a closed guide surface.
9. The circular comb (7) as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that fastening points (28) for the attachment of balancing weights (MA) are provided inside the half-shell-shaped element (S2) having the detaching segment (12) in the region of its outer jacket.
10. A combing machine having a circular comb (7) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the circular comb (7), which is mounted so it is rotatable via its axis (RK) in a stationary manner in the machine framework (MT) of the combing machine, is assigned a nipper assembly (2) having a lower nipper plate (3) mounted in a stationary manner in the machine framework (MG) and an upper nipper plate (4) mounted movably in relation thereto and having a detaching roller (24) which can be advanced toward the detaching segment (12) of the circular comb (7) and having a web-forming device (30) arranged downstream of the nipper assembly (4) or the detaching roller (24).
11. The combing machine as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the web-forming device (30) is connected to a continuously operating drive (AT).

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