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EP2312091B1 - Funkmast - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2312091B1
EP2312091B1 EP20100186759 EP10186759A EP2312091B1 EP 2312091 B1 EP2312091 B1 EP 2312091B1 EP 20100186759 EP20100186759 EP 20100186759 EP 10186759 A EP10186759 A EP 10186759A EP 2312091 B1 EP2312091 B1 EP 2312091B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pylon
frames
frame
spacers
pylon according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20100186759
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2312091A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Feyfant
Christophe Menant
Jerôme Barre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Publication of EP2312091A1 publication Critical patent/EP2312091A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2312091B1 publication Critical patent/EP2312091B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/18—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic
    • E04H12/185—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic with identical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1242—Rigid masts specially adapted for supporting an aerial

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pylons used in particular in the field of mobile telecommunications, cellular radio, radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, energy, detection or any other application requiring slender vertical structures.
  • These pylons are of great height and intended to support in particular devices for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television, and / or electrical energy supply equipment, such as wind turbines.
  • These constructions must comply with the technical rules in force. In particular, they must comply with the rules defining the effects of snow and wind on these constructions.
  • guyed towers There are two main families of pylons: guyed towers and freestanding pylons.
  • Guyed towers are used either for very large structures when the available terrain is very large and inexpensive, or for small heights if they are fixed on the buildings.
  • the document EP-0 053 534 describes a lattice structure made of reinforced resin, in particular for use as an antenna support mast. This mast is maintained in its erected position by a set of stays.
  • the structure is formed of ribs and bracing panels connecting the chords two by two through sleeves.
  • the bracing panels of the same floor are assembled in advance to form a module.
  • Freestanding pylons are preferred to guyed pylons for their low footprint. They are used for heights between 10 and 60 m and are mainly intended for the telecommunications market. These pylons can have two types of structures: lattice or monotube. The trellis pylon is used most often in rural areas, and the monotube pylon is generally preferred in urban and peri-urban areas for its aesthetics.
  • these pylons are usually made of galvanized steel and then painted a color in accordance with the aesthetic requirements of the competent authorities.
  • the manufacture of these metal pylons is polluting and requires a significant energy consumption. Today we tend towards the use of products that are more environmentally friendly and less energy intensive.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a telecommunication tower improving the misalignment (bending in the vertical plane), which is the most important criterion for structures supporting telecommunications antennas.
  • the invention also aims to provide a pylon whose structure is slender, more openwork and more aesthetic than the towers of the prior art.
  • the invention must allow the construction of structures high enough for an application in the field of telecommunications and energy, while reducing its visual impact.
  • the invention also aims to provide a freestanding pylon whose in-situ assembly is easier and faster than known pylons.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a pylon less complex and less expensive than known methods.
  • the object of the present invention is a pylon for telecommunications comprising chords and spacers, comprising a stack of at least two frames, each formed of at least three members connected by spacers, the superposed frames being interconnected by articulated links.
  • the articulated connection comprises an upper part inserted partially into the frame of the upper frame and a lower part inserted partially into the frame of the lower frame, the protruding parts, respectively belonging to the upper part and the lower part, being placed parallel and secured between they have an axis perpendicular to them.
  • the articulated links comprise two parallel planes connected by an axis perpendicular to the planes. In this way, the connection is able to rotate in a plane.
  • the plane of rotation of each link is preferably arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the bisector of one of the angles belonging to the geometric section of the pylon.
  • the spacers between the frames form a rigid connection.
  • the height where the spacers are placed is variable according to the stresses exerted at the base of each frame.
  • This rigid connection makes it possible to assimilate the frame mechanically to an inverted and stackable gantry.
  • the spacers are preferably placed at the base of the frames which advantageously provides a larger chord section and thus improves the efficiency of the assembly. Indeed the stresses being greater in the frames at the fixing of the spacers, the gantry thus produced undergoes a lesser deformation compared to the case where the spacers are in the high position.
  • spacers may further be arranged in the upper part of the frames.
  • one of the frames comprises at least one articulated connection adapted to be fixed on a foundation.
  • the members have a square or rectangular section.
  • the members may have a constant or variable section.
  • the section may be of variable size within the same frame or from one frame to another, in particular the section of the frames may decrease from the base to the top of the pylon.
  • the spacers are rectilinear or curved.
  • the spacers may be of lattice type, or formed of a solid sheet or perforated.
  • the pylon provided with spacers at the base of the frames allows the establishment of equipment, such as flat antennas, satellite dishes, fixtures, and / or accessories such as platforms or scale fixtures. It is also possible to consider installing wind turbines with vertical axis of rotation, which can be placed inside the pylon and / or at the top of the pylon; in the latter case the axis of rotation can be horizontal or vertical.
  • the frames are made of wood connected by metal spacers.
  • the frames are made of untreated laminated wood and can be rectilinear or curved. It is preferable to use coniferous sapwood, such as larch or Douglas fir, or maritime pine. The wood used does not require any treatment against bad weather, xylophagous insects and biological pathologies.
  • This process allows assembly of frames in the factory, followed by conventional transport on the construction site. It allows in-situ floor assembly without specific handling means or stacking frames with a crane, securely frame by frame. Compared to the usual methods, it involves a reduced number of components, and the setting up of the frames is facilitated by the junction by means of a frame connection.
  • the pylon of the present invention has the advantage of being more environmentally friendly and more easily recyclable, and it is part of the current concerns for sustainable development.
  • the invention also has the advantage of enabling telecommunications operators to deploy their networks more quickly by obtaining administrative building authorizations more easily thanks to an improved aesthetics of the tower and the taking into account of its environmental impact, especially in terms of recycling, and possibly the energy autonomy of the equipment that it supports.
  • the slender pylon mainly made of wood, is aesthetically enhanced by the addition of a noble material while reducing the massive visual impact of a monotube pylon and the industrial character of a trellis-type pylon.
  • the low impact of the spacers enhances the vertical members and gives the structure a certain elegance.
  • the invention also has the advantage of providing a pylon whose openwork geometry allows to integrate several wind turbines with vertical axis of rotation, to participate or provide the energy necessary for the operation of the telecom site.
  • the pylon shown has a square section. It consists of a stack of independent 1 frames.
  • Each frame 1 is composed of four wooden members 2 of rectangular section, which can be constant or variable.
  • the ribs 2, vertical or substantially vertical, are arranged at the four corners of a square and connected by spacers 3 horizontal or substantially horizontal.
  • the spacers 3 consist for example of a wire mesh consisting of tubes connected by rings or tubes.
  • the spacers 3 are preferably located in the lower part of the frame 1 where the section of the frame 2 is widest in the case of a frame 2 of variable section. These spacers 3 may as well be fixed in the upper part or in the upper and lower part.
  • the number and the position of the spacers 3 are chosen according to the forces applied to the frame 1.
  • the superposed frames 1 are secured to each other by articulated metal links 4 .
  • the pylon also comprises a frame 5 placed at the base of the pylon and on which the frames 1 are stacked .
  • the base frame 5 is connected to the frame 1 which overcomes it by articulated metal links 4 .
  • the frame 5 is composed of four wooden members 6 of variable rectangular section which are maintained in relative position by a set of bars, metal or wood, which is composed of cross-members 7 and diagonals 8 interconnected by metal links 9 .
  • the base frame 5 provides the junction with the foundation 10 on which the pylon rests, via an articulated metal link 11 .
  • the spacers 3 Join the frames 2 of a frame 1 of the embodiment of the tower shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the spacers 3 are in rectilinear wire mesh.
  • the spacers 3 may be of various shapes or composition making them capable of providing a rigid connection between the frames 2, and are fixed on the frames 2, of wood of variable rectangular section, using pins, studs, screws, bolts and / or threaded rods. On-site assembly is facilitated by pre-assembly of frames in the factory.
  • FIG. 2b there is shown another embodiment of a frame 20 comprising wooden frames 21 of variable rectangular section which are connected by spacers 22, for example metal mesh, which are here of curved shape.
  • FIG. 3a and 3b an articulated metallic bond connecting two frames 31, 32 respectively belonging to two superimposed frames, is shown in Figures 3a and 3b , respectively from the front and in a section II.
  • This connection 30 is composed of a welded upper part 33 inserted partly inside the wooden frame 31 of the upper frame.
  • the link 30 is fixed on the frame 31 for example by means of pins and / or threaded rods 34.
  • the tip-shaped portion 35 of the mechanically welded part 33, which projects out of the frame 31, is secured. and articulated with a lower welded part 36 by means of a metal pin 37.
  • the lower welded piece 36 also fits partially in the frame 32 of the lower frame.
  • the tip-shaped part 38 of the lower welded part 36 lying outside the frame 32, is connected and articulated with the upper welded part 33 by the metal axis 37.
  • This type of assembly is commonly called “assembly by ironing soul”.
  • This link 30 has the advantage of having flexibility in several directions that allows it to accompany the small-scale movements of the pylon.
  • the lower welded part 36 is equipped with a horizontal protection plate 40 which fits to protect the end of the frame 32 of the lower frame, especially against the weather.
  • a clever extension 41 of the protection plate 40 provided with holes 42 for the passage of screws, allows the installation of temporary mounting rails to prevent any deformation during the lifting of the frame, but also to facilitate its assembly. with the lower frame.
  • a pylon with a square geometrical section is shown in section.
  • the axis 43 of the articulated links inserted in the rib 44 is perpendicular to the plane of the bisector 45 for each of the angles placed at the vertices of the square.
  • a pylon with a triangular geometric section is shown in section.
  • the axis 47 of the articulated links inserted in the rib 48 is perpendicular to the plane of the bisector 49 for each of the angles placed at the vertices of the triangle.
  • This link 50 is composed of a mechanically welded part 53 which is partly inserted inside the wooden frame 51 to which it is fixed by means of spindles or threaded rods 54.
  • the portion 55 at the end of the welded piece 53, protruding from the frame, is secured and articulated with a welded lower part 56 by means of a metal pin 57.
  • the lower welded part 56 is connected to the foundation 52 to the using concrete anchors 58 having a threaded end 59 which ensures the clamping and fixing of the anchors 58 on the welded part 56 lower.
  • the top of the tower which can be equipped with supports for accessories such as platform, surge arrester, antennas, etc.
  • the upper frame 60 comprises ribs 61 connected by spacers 62, for example made of a wire mesh composed of tubes connected by rings or tubes.
  • the spacers 62 are adapted to receive vertical tubes 63 which can serve as antenna supports for panel antennas 64 or parabolic antennas 65. These tubes 63 can be fixed on the adapted spacer 62 and / or on the top belt. 66 of the pylon.
  • the top belt 66 can simultaneously perform the surge arrester support function 67, as in the present illustration.
  • the arrester 67 is here centered, but it can be disposed at any other point of the top belt 66 or in the extension of the chord 61.
  • the top belt 60 may be of similar structure to the struts 62, or consist of a sheet metal full or openwork.
  • a platform 68 may further be attached to the base of the horizontal spacer 62.
  • the figure 7 illustrates the top of the pylon coated with a cylindrical radome 70 having four flaps 71 disposed between the frames 72 of the top frame.
  • the planes 71 of the radome 70 consist of a composite material comprising fiberglass reinforced polyester.
  • the radome 70 can have several functions such as reducing the visual impact of telecommunications equipment or turning into a sign and / or advertising medium.
  • This radome 70 is fixed on the outer part of the spacers 73 or on the top belt 74.
  • a part of the radome 70 has been removed in order to reveal an antenna 75 fixed on the inner part of the spacer 73.
  • a pylon having superposed frames 80 and a base frame 81 which connects the pylon with the foundation 82 by the articulated connection 83 .
  • the frames 80 and the base frame 81 are formed of ribs 84 and spacers 85, and secured by links 86 hinged.
  • the pylon carries a top belt 87 of wire mesh structure similar to the structure of the struts 85.
  • a wind turbine 88 is placed at the top of the pylon and fixed on the top belt 87.
  • Wind turbines 89 having a vertical axis of rotation are placed at the top of the tower. inside the pylon and fixed on the spacers 85 equipped with mechanical elements. These windmills turn 89 in the interior of the tower.
  • the wood frames 84 of rectangular section are further used as a baffle to improve the flow of air on the inner wind turbines 89 .
  • the ribs 84 and the spacers 85 may also be at least partially equipped with aerodynamic deflectors to obtain an even more efficient performance of the wind turbines 89.
  • a preliminary study of the direction and the wind intensity of the installation site is necessary for an implantation. judicious pylon.
  • the efficiency of indoor wind turbines is improved by judiciously arranging the structure according to prevailing winds and / or by adding aerodynamic deflectors on the frames and / or on the spacers.
  • an aesthetic effort is made so that the top wind turbine 88 is in the continuity of the stack of frames 80, 81.
  • This top 88 wind turbine is of medium power and can supply all or part of the consumption energy of equipment carried by the pylon.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the deformation of a structure called "continuous beam".
  • Curve 90 is a continuous parabola portion over the entire height h considered.
  • the bending angle ⁇ a represents the rotation of the top of the structure in the vertical plane.
  • the angle ⁇ a is measured as the angle between the horizontal plane 91 and a straight line 92 perpendicular to the tangent at the top of the curve.
  • This value called “misalignment"("tilt” in English) is representative of the quality of the transmission. radio.
  • Antenna suppliers specify this value according to the frequency of use and the type of antenna.
  • the angle ⁇ a has a value generally between 20 minutes and 1 degree.
  • the arrow fa is a relatively less important value which represents the distance d between the axis of the pylon 93 and the ground projection 94 of the top of the pylon once flexed.
  • the figure 10 illustrates the deformation of a structure called "stacked frames" similar to that of the pylon of the figure 1 .
  • This curve 100 is discontinuous over the entire height h considered and composed of the sum of portions of parabola, each relative to one of the frames.
  • the bending angle ⁇ b represents the rotation of the top of the structure in the vertical plane.
  • the angle ⁇ b is measured as the angle between the horizontal plane 101 and a line 102 perpendicular to the tangent at the top of the curve and the arrow fb is the projected distance from the top of the tower deformed to its axis.
  • the values of the bending angle and the arrow are different. Indeed, the bending angle ⁇ a of the "continuous beam” structure is greater than the bending angle ⁇ b of the "stacked frame” structure. The arrow fa of the "continuous beam” structure is less than the arrow fb of the "stacked frame” structure.
  • the desired goal is achieved with a "stacked frame” structure as represented by the pylon of the figure 1 composed of frames stacked and assembled by articulated links, which presents as a major advantage a reduced misalignment value.
  • the members of the pylon according to the invention are less stressed, which makes it possible either to reduce the cross-section of the material used or to increase the capacity of the chord, and thus to consider taller and slimmer structures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Mast für die Telekommunikation, bestehend aus einer Stapelung von mindestens zwei Rahmen (1), wobei jeder Rahmen (1) aus mindestens drei Gurten (2) besteht, die anhand von Querträgern (3) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Rahmen (1) gestapelt und über Gelenkverbindungen (4, 30) miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Gelenkverbindung (4, 30) ein oberes Teil (33), welches teilweise in den Gurt (31) des oberen Rahmens eingestemmt ist, und ein unteres Teil (36), welches teilweise in den Gurt (32) des unteren Rahmens eingestemmt ist, umfasst, wobei die hervorstehenden Enden (35, 38), die jeweils dem oberen Teil (33) bzw. dem unteren Teil (36) angehören, parallel angeordnet und mittels einer dazu senkrecht verlaufenden Achse (37) fest miteinander verbunden sind.
  2. Mast nach Anspruch 1, wobei die jeweiligen hervorstehenden Enden (35, 38) des oberen Teils bzw. unteren Teils (33, 36) eine spitz zulaufende Form aufweisen,
  3. Mast nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei das obere Teil und das untere Teil (33, 36) mechanisch geschweißte Teile sind.
  4. Mast nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 3, wobei Achse (37) aus Metall besteht.
  5. Mast nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das untere Teil (36) mit einer horizontal ausgerichteten Schutzplatte (40), die am Ende des Gurtes (32) eingestemmt wird, des unteren Rahmens zusammenwirkt.
  6. Mast nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei einer der Rahmen (5) mindestens eine Gelenkverbindung (11) umfasst, die für die Befestigung auf einem Fundament (10) ausgelegt ist.
  7. Mast nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Gurte (2) einen quadratischen oder rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
  8. Mast nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Querträger (3) geradlinig oder gekrümmt sind.
  9. Mast nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Gurte (2) aus Holz bestehen und mittels Querträgern (3) aus Metall miteinander verbunden sind.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mastes nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, die folgenden Schritte umfassend:
    - Die Gurte (2) und die Querträger (3) werden zusammengefügt, um Rahmen (1) zu bilden,
    - Die Rahmen (1) werden übereinandergestapelt und mittels Gelenkverbindungen (4) fest miteinander verbunden, um den Mast zu bilden,
    - die gestapelten Rahmen (1, 5) werden mittels mindestens einer Gelenkverbindung (11) fest mit einem Fundament (10) verbunden.
EP20100186759 2009-10-12 2010-10-06 Funkmast Active EP2312091B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0957095A FR2951218B1 (fr) 2009-10-12 2009-10-12 Pylone de communication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2312091A1 EP2312091A1 (de) 2011-04-20
EP2312091B1 true EP2312091B1 (de) 2012-09-19

Family

ID=42213990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20100186759 Active EP2312091B1 (de) 2009-10-12 2010-10-06 Funkmast

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2312091B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2951218B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3001471B1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2015-07-24 Foure Lagadec Pylone de mesures
CN111155820B (zh) * 2020-01-07 2021-09-07 青岛汇金通电力设备股份有限公司 一种便于维修的单管结构通讯塔

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB931986A (en) * 1959-11-26 1963-07-24 Stanley Gustav Dehn Folding tower
FR2495275B1 (fr) * 1980-12-01 1986-02-07 Lerc Structure en treillis, en particulier mat-support d'antenne
US4920710A (en) * 1989-04-25 1990-05-01 Paine David L Retractable column and method of forming
ATE303479T1 (de) * 2002-06-28 2005-09-15 Interlock Structures Int Zusammenklappbare tragkonstruktion mit gelenkten sägezahnförmigen wandelementen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2312091A1 (de) 2011-04-20
FR2951218A1 (fr) 2011-04-15
FR2951218B1 (fr) 2012-03-09

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