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EP2361435B1 - Transformateur pour transformation entre moyenne et basse tension avec un commutateur a gradins et procede de son operation - Google Patents

Transformateur pour transformation entre moyenne et basse tension avec un commutateur a gradins et procede de son operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2361435B1
EP2361435B1 EP09797014.9A EP09797014A EP2361435B1 EP 2361435 B1 EP2361435 B1 EP 2361435B1 EP 09797014 A EP09797014 A EP 09797014A EP 2361435 B1 EP2361435 B1 EP 2361435B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
voltage
switching
switching device
semiconductor switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09797014.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2361435A1 (fr
EP2361435B2 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Griepentrog
Reinhard Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL09797014T priority Critical patent/PL2361435T5/pl
Publication of EP2361435A1 publication Critical patent/EP2361435A1/fr
Publication of EP2361435B1 publication Critical patent/EP2361435B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2361435B2 publication Critical patent/EP2361435B2/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer for the transformation between medium and low voltage with tap-change.
  • Transformers use high-voltage and medium-voltage tap changers.
  • the tap changer compensates for the voltage fluctuations that occur during load changes by changing the transmission ratio.
  • at least one of the windings of the transformer is provided with a series of taps, which can be electrically connected by a selector mechanism.
  • a diverter switch is provided which makes the switching between two selector positions without interruption even under load. Winding short circuit is avoided by briefly forcing current flow through resistors.
  • the transformer according to the invention has a tap changer.
  • one of the windings of the transformer preferably the low-voltage side secondary winding, has two end taps and at least two center lug taps.
  • at least one switching device is provided for the switchable electrical connection of at least one of the taps with an output line of the transformer.
  • at least one semiconductor switching device is provided, which is electrically connected to the output line and directly to one of the end taps.
  • a first of the end taps is directly connected to a first output line of the transformer and is not further changed or used in a special way for the tap changer.
  • the second end tapping at the other end of the winding is used together with the one or more taps for the tap changer and the taps are for this purpose connected in a more complex manner with the second output line of the transformer.
  • the switching device preferably comprises mechanical switches, which advantageously have a particularly low on-resistance, and particularly preferably allows independent connection and disconnection of individual taps.
  • the switching device expediently alternately connects one of the taps to the second output line of the transformer.
  • the transformer according to the invention advantageously has a simple and low maintenance by the semiconductor switch construction and allows a tap changer without load interruption in the middle to low voltage range.
  • the tap changer contains a control device that automatically performs a control of the load switching.
  • the control device expedient means, which allow detection when a switch should occur.
  • these may be means for determining voltage and / or current on the input or output side. This determines whether a changeover is necessary, for example by detecting the corresponding slight decrease in the output voltage when the load on the output side is higher.
  • the control of the load switching can be made from outside the tap changer.
  • the tap changer expedient means on which allow external control. This can be an indirect, for example, digital remote control, which is implemented in the tap changer by a control device in the actual control of the switch. It may also be a direct, analog control from the outside, which if necessary. Even without an internal control device can be done, for example, by directly applying an actuator of the switching element from the outside with electricity.
  • the switching device is connected only to the further taps, that is to say it is not connected in negative terms to the end taps. It is useful if there are several more taps, so at least two. It is also useful if the semiconductor switching device is connected to one of the end taps. This structure allows a particularly advantageous operation.
  • the semiconductor switching device is turned on.
  • This switching is preferably carried out at the zero crossing of the AC voltage, wherein expediently a turn-on delay of the semiconductor switch or the semiconductor switching device is taken into account, that is, for example, an ignition delay of thyristors. As a result, a voltage jump is avoided.
  • an inductance is preferably provided in series with the semiconductor switching device.
  • a resistance element may also be provided to limit the current.
  • the current in the winding short-circuit is opposite to the load current. As a result, therefore, a time is reached at which the current in the winding short-circuit assumes the same amount as the load current and thus as good as no current flows through the switching element. In other words, the load current at this time is completely commutated to the semiconductor switching device.
  • This time is used to turn off the connection through the switching element. Since in the time in which no or very little current flows through the switching element, and accordingly less voltage drops over it, the shutdown without an arc is possible and therefore particularly gentle for the switching element.
  • the opening of the switching element can be made even before the zero crossing, in particular at a time at which the semiconductor switching device safely conducts already. In this case will When the switching element is opened, an arc occurs which, however, disappears very rapidly during the current commutation, typically in the range of microseconds, since the current across the switching element disappears. Once the arc extinguished, it does not emerge when the voltage across the switching element increases.
  • the transformer comprises means for determining a value representing the voltage across the switching element and / or the current through the switching element, since then the time for opening the switching element can be determined directly. This time in the operating method described above, for example, given when the current is just zero. Another possibility is to effect the opening of the switching element when the current or the voltage, in particular the maximum amounts thereof within each period, falls below a certain threshold, which is slightly greater than zero. Another alternative is to set the timing for the opening of the switching element based on a timing in response to the turn-on of the semiconductor switching device, for example, 2 ms after switching on the semiconductor switching device.
  • the semiconductor switching device After opening by the switching element, the semiconductor switching device carries the load current and the short-circuiting of the winding is canceled.
  • the switching element is closed again to make a connection with another of the other taps of the winding.
  • a suitable time for closing the connection is selected.
  • a time can be selected at which the voltage across the switching element corresponds exactly to the voltage across the semiconductor switching device. It is assumed that due to the semiconductor switch due to the semiconductor switching device always drops a low voltage.
  • closing the Switching element it is advantageous to take into account the closing time, which requires the switching element for making the electrical contact. Closing at said time makes it possible to avoid voltage jumps.
  • An alternative approach is to cause the switching element to close when the voltage is just passing through a zero crossing due to the line frequency.
  • the semiconductor switching device can be turned off or depending on the semiconductor switch used the ignition can be canceled.
  • a thyristor circuit is provided as a semiconductor switch. It is advantageous that this issabumbled and thus allows easy control.
  • the thyristor circuit preferably consists of two anti-parallel connected thyristor elements, wherein each of the thyristor elements consists of a thyristor or a parallel and / or series connection of thyristors. Other electrical components can be used together with the thyristors.
  • turn-off semiconductor switches can also be used as semiconductor switches, in particular transistors, GTOs (Gate Turn-off Thyristor) or IGCTs (Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor).
  • GTOs Gate Turn-off Thyristor
  • IGCTs Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor
  • means for determining the current in the region of the switching element or semiconductor switch are provided.
  • the figures refer to embodiments for transformers. These will be carried out expediently in a real implementation three-phase. For a better clarity, the figures but only a single-phase design. For the same reason, the tap changer in the embodiments, only three setting options for the gear ratio, while actually tap changer can often set more than three ratios. The invention is equally applicable with more than three gear ratios.
  • the voltage on the side of the primary windings should be exemplified 10 kV, while on the side of the secondary winding, a voltage 400 V is output.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a transformer 1 with a tap changer.
  • the transformer 1 has, in addition to a primary winding which is not significant in this exemplary embodiment, a continuous secondary winding.
  • the continuous secondary winding consists of a first to fourth part 17a ... d.
  • the first part 17a comprises approximately 70% of the winding length of the secondary winding, while the second, third and fourth parts 17b ... d each comprise approximately 10% of the winding length.
  • the representation in Fig.1 is not exactly to scale. From the relative proportions of the secondary winding arise the adjustable ratios and it is clear that even very different divisions of the secondary winding are possible.
  • d are defined by a first, second and third tap 2, 3, 4, wherein the first tap 2 at 70% of the winding length of the secondary winding is located, the second tap 3 at 80% of the winding length of the secondary winding and the third tap 4 at 90% of the secondary winding.
  • a first output line 11 of the transformer 1 is connected.
  • a second output line 12 of the transformer 1 is connected in a more complex manner with the taps 2, 3, 4 in order to realize the tap changer.
  • a mechanical switch 20 is provided, the middle connection according to FIG. 1 is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the switch 20 can establish a connection between its center connection and a first, second or third connection 13, 14, 15.
  • the first connection 13 connects the tap 2 and one of the connections of the mechanical switch 20.
  • the second connection 14 connects the second tap 3 to a further connection of the switch and the third connection 15 connects the third tap 4 to a last connection of the mechanical switch 20
  • the switch 20 is expediently designed so that the separation and production of the connection between the terminals can be done independently of one another, that is to say a plurality of mechanical switching elements together form the switch 20.
  • the structure of two thyristors is exemplary in this case.
  • one of the thyristors can represent one series connection and / or parallel connection of a plurality of actual thyristor elements.
  • other elements such as IGBTs, GTOs or similar can be used here instead of the thyristors. be used.
  • an inductance 53 is provided, which serves to delay the current in the case of a short-circuit.
  • a measuring point 7 ... 10 is provided at each of the connections 13, 14, 15, 18 and in the area of the middle connection of the switch 20, a measuring point 7 ... 10 is provided. Furthermore, a controller 6 is present. The controller 6 can determine the voltage at the measuring points 7... 10 and control the thyristor circuit 5 and the switch 20 on the basis of the determined values.
  • a changeover is performed.
  • the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the first tap 2, the second tap 3 is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power. This happens without interruption, the exact circuit is shown below, for example.
  • the second current path 27 thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 over all parts 17a ... d of the secondary winding.
  • the fourth connection 18 leads via the fourth connection 18 and thus the thyristor 5 to the second output line 12. It is thus used the entire secondary winding.
  • the state used in the third step 23 results.
  • about 80% of the secondary winding is used and the third current path 28 leads from the first output line 11 via the first and second Part 17a, b of the secondary winding and the second connection 14 to the second output line 12th
  • a changeover is performed again.
  • the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the second tap 3, the third tap 4 is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power.
  • the fourth current path 29 thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 over the entire secondary winding. Further, it leads via the fourth connection 18 and thus the thyristor circuit 5 to the second output line 12. As soon as the mechanical switch 20 has switched, the ignition of the thyristor circuit 5 is terminated.
  • the state used in the fifth step 25 is obtained.
  • 90% of the secondary winding is used and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first, second and third part 17a... C of the secondary winding and the third connection 15 to the second output line 12.
  • the mechanical switch 20 does not have to switch between adjoining taps 2, 3, 4, but the switching can take place between any of the taps, that is, for example, directly from the first tapping 2 to the third tapping 4 or vice versa.
  • the controller 6 determines that switching between two of the taps appears necessary. As a result, the controller ensures that the thyristors in the thyristor circuit 5 are ignited.
  • the time of ignition is selected such that no voltage jump occurs.
  • a time is used that would be one Period of time before a zero crossing of the mains voltage is, wherein the time period corresponds to the ignition delay of the thyristors. This ensures that the thyristors can take over the load current in principle at the zero crossing of the voltage.
  • the opening of the switch is preferably already made shortly before the expected zero crossing, in particular at a time at which the thyristors already conduct safely.
  • an arc will occur, but in the course of Stromkommutierung very fast, typically in the range of microseconds, extinguished because the current disappears via the switching element yes. Once the arc extinguished, it no longer arises when the voltage across the switching element increases.
  • the switch 20 for opening the connection is activated such that it only opens when the thyristors are already conducting.
  • the thyristors carry the load current, and the opening of the switch 20 causes the shorting of the winding canceled.
  • Closing of the new connection of the switch 20 preferably takes place in a natural zero crossing of the mains voltage, in turn to achieve a smooth transition of the line. Since after the closing of the switch 20 again a indentation short-circuit exists, it is expedient to stop the ignition of the thyristors in time before the zero crossing in order to prevent simultaneous conduction of the thyristors with the switch 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Transformateur (1) de transformation entre la moyenne tension et la basse tension, comprenant un circuit à gradin, dans lequel :
    - l'un des enroulements (17a, ..., 17d) du transformateur a deux prises (S1, S2) d'extrémité et au moins deux prises (2, 3, 4) moyennes,
    - il est prévu au moins un dispositif (20) de commutation pour la liaison électrique commutable de l'une des prises moyennes à une ligne (12) de sortie du transformateur et
    - il est prévu au moins un dispositif (5) de commutation à semiconducteur, qui est relié électriquement à la ligne de sortie, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commutation à semiconducteur est relié directement à l'une des prises d'extrémité.
  2. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu des moyens de détermination d'une valeur représentant la tension aux bornes de l'élément de commutation et/ou le courant passant dans l'élément de commutation.
  3. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu des moyens de détermination d'une valeur représentant la tension aux bornes du dispositif de commutation à semiconducteur.
  4. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif (20) de commutation a un commutateur (20) mécanique.
  5. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif (5) de commutation à semiconducteur comprend deux éléments de commutation à semiconducteur montés tête-bêche, notamment deux thyristors.
  6. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif (5) de commutation à semiconducteur a des éléments de commutation à semiconducteur pouvant être déconnectés, notamment des transistors, des GTO ou des IGCT.
  7. Transformateur (1) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu une inductance (53) ou une résistance en série avec le dispositif (5) de commutation à semiconducteur.
  8. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un transformateur (1) de transformation entre une moyenne tension et une basse tension ayant un circuit à gradin suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, qui a un dispositif de commutation à semiconducteur pour l'absorption transitoire du courant lors de l'opération de commutation d'un dispositif de commutation, dans lequel on détermine, lors d'une opération de commutation du dispositif de commutation, un premier instant où le flux de courant passant dans le dispositif de commutation devient exactement égal à zéro et on ouvre le dispositif de commutation à cet instant.
  9. Procédé suivant la revendication 8, dans lequel on ferme le dispositif de commutation à semiconducteur peu avant un passage par zéro.
  10. Procédé suivant la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel, après l'ouverture du dispositif de commutation, on détermine un deuxième instant où la tension entre la prise cible du dispositif de commutation et la ligne de sortie du transformation correspond à la tension aux bornes du dispositif de commutation à semiconducteur et on ferme le dispositif de commutation à ce deuxième instant.
  11. Procédé suivant la revendication 10, dans lequel on tient compte d'une durée de fermeture de l'élément de commutation dans la détermination du deuxième instant.
EP09797014.9A 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Transformateur pour transformation entre moyenne et basse tension avec un commutateur a gradins et procede de son operation Not-in-force EP2361435B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09797014T PL2361435T5 (pl) 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Transformator do transformacji między średnim i niskim napięciem z przełączaniem stopniowym oraz sposób jego pracy

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008064487A DE102008064487A1 (de) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Mittel-Niederspannungstransformator mit Stufenschaltung
PCT/EP2009/067207 WO2010072623A1 (fr) 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Transformateur moyenne/basse tension à commutation plot par plot et son procédé d'utilisation

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2361435A1 EP2361435A1 (fr) 2011-08-31
EP2361435B1 true EP2361435B1 (fr) 2015-01-28
EP2361435B2 EP2361435B2 (fr) 2018-04-11

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ID=41785692

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09797014.9A Not-in-force EP2361435B2 (fr) 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Transformateur pour transformation entre moyenne et basse tension avec un commutateur a gradins et procede de son operation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2361435B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102209998B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0924890A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008064487A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2530433T5 (fr)
PL (1) PL2361435T5 (fr)
RU (1) RU2516462C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA103786C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010072623A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103311903B (zh) 2012-03-08 2016-05-04 台达电子工业股份有限公司 一种开关装置及其发电系统
DE102012103048B4 (de) * 2012-04-10 2016-01-07 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Regeltransformatoren zur Spannungsregelung mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen
DE102012103490B4 (de) 2012-04-20 2015-11-12 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verteiltransformator zur Spannungsregelung von Ortsnetzen
DE102012207800A1 (de) 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ortsnetz-Transformator
FR3004284B1 (fr) 2013-04-08 2015-04-03 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Transformateur muni de moyens d'ajustement du rapport de transformation en charge
DE102013211653A1 (de) 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator
CN103840729B (zh) * 2014-03-21 2017-03-01 东北农业大学 无触点有载自动调压配电变压器的启动与过渡支路
DE102016120071A1 (de) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Eaton Industries (Austria) Gmbh Niederspannungs-Schutzschaltgerät

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US3700925A (en) † 1971-03-29 1972-10-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thyristor tap changer for electrical inductive apparatus
DE2847391A1 (de) † 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Giesenhagen Kg Kontaktloser netzstabilisator
GB9319470D0 (en) † 1993-09-21 1993-11-03 Nat Grid Comp Plc Electrical changeover switching
NL1000914C2 (nl) † 1995-08-01 1997-02-04 Geb Zuid Holland West Nv Werkwijze en inrichting voor continue instelling en regeling van een transformatoroverzetverhouding, alsmede transformator voorzien van een dergelijke inrichting.
DE19609024A1 (de) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-11 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der bei einem Schweißvorgang einem Schweißgut zugeführten Wärmemenge
JPH10285836A (ja) † 1997-03-31 1998-10-23 Nec Corp 電磁誘導電源装置の受電装置
SE9903392L (sv) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-21 Abb Ab Elektrisk kopplingsanordning, förfarande för styrning av densamma och användning av kopplingsanordningen
US6472851B2 (en) † 2000-07-05 2002-10-29 Robicon Corporation Hybrid tap-changing transformer with full range of control and high resolution
DE10102310C1 (de) * 2001-01-18 2002-06-20 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Thyristor-Stufenschalter
RU31073U1 (ru) * 2003-03-24 2003-07-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АТС-КОНВЕРС" Стабилизатор переменного напряжения с дискретным регулированием

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2530433T5 (es) 2018-08-01
CN102209998B (zh) 2016-01-20
EP2361435A1 (fr) 2011-08-31
BRPI0924890A2 (pt) 2015-07-07
RU2011130542A (ru) 2013-01-27
PL2361435T5 (pl) 2018-10-31
PL2361435T3 (pl) 2015-07-31
UA103786C2 (uk) 2013-11-25
WO2010072623A1 (fr) 2010-07-01
EP2361435B2 (fr) 2018-04-11
DE102008064487A1 (de) 2010-06-24
CN102209998A (zh) 2011-10-05
RU2516462C2 (ru) 2014-05-20
AU2009331685A1 (en) 2010-07-01
ES2530433T3 (es) 2015-03-02

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