EP2270762B1 - Smoke alarm and method for testing whether the smoke openings are contaminated - Google Patents
Smoke alarm and method for testing whether the smoke openings are contaminated Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2270762B1 EP2270762B1 EP10004157.3A EP10004157A EP2270762B1 EP 2270762 B1 EP2270762 B1 EP 2270762B1 EP 10004157 A EP10004157 A EP 10004157A EP 2270762 B1 EP2270762 B1 EP 2270762B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- air flow
- openings
- fan
- smoke alarm
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
- G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
- G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a smoke detector with a housing which has smoke passage openings and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm signaling device.
- the invention further relates to a method for checking the contamination of smoke passage openings of a smoke detector with a housing.
- Smoke alarms are known in the art such as in the European patent application EP 2 270 762 A2 and usually have a smoke detector, for example, may have an optical detection path, and an alarm device, which are housed in a housing.
- a housing is usually mounted on a ceiling, in order to detect smoke which arises in a fire safely.
- a housing may for example be divided into a cover-side base and a room-side housing cover, both of which can be joined together after mounting the base to the ceiling.
- an optical detection path for example realized by a light-emitting element and a scattered light sensor, can be reliably detected when smoke enters through the smoke passage openings in the housing in the optical detection path and there leads to a light scattering.
- an alarm signaling device e.g. acoustic type
- a corresponding acoustic sound generator e.g. may have a piezoelectric element.
- Smoke alarms of this known type can therefore usually include appropriate electronics in addition to the aforementioned devices to measure the scattered light by means of the scattered light sensor and to control the alarm signaling device.
- smoke openings of a smoke alarm are deliberately closed by people. Such a case may occur when smoke detectors are used e.g. be covered for renovation work, for example, when painting a ceiling. In such a situation, a smoke alarm device is no longer safe to operate.
- acoustic or optical methods are often used to detect the pollution metrologically, with such methods or smoke detectors prove to be unreliable, especially in methods that rely on acoustic, especially resonance measurement, since the acoustic behavior of a smoke alarm not only by the contamination of the openings themselves but also by internal dirt deposits in the housing of the smoke detectors, or by mechanical damage housing can change, but otherwise do not affect the functioning of a smoke detector.
- a method for checking the contamination of smoke openings a smoke alarm is provided with a housing in which inside the housing with a fan which is arranged in one of two through holes of a partition between two chambers of the housing, at least temporarily, a total air flow is generated, which, divided by a selected air duct in a main air flow passing through the smoke passage openings and a secondary air flow, which is conveyed within the housing between the two chambers in a circle, wherein the strength of the secondary air flow is measured as a measure of the pollution or the Drosselungsrad the smoke passage openings.
- the main air flow enters the housing from the outside through the smoke passage openings and exits the housing through at least one outlet opening.
- the air duct also corresponds to the actual path of the smoke in a fire.
- the main air flow can also be provided to guide the main air flow so that it emerges from the smoke passage openings and enters the housing through at least one inlet opening.
- the features mentioned below in relation to the first type of air guide also apply to the second alternative type of air guide, in which case the at least one "inlet opening” is to be replaced by "outlet opening”.
- the very essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that actually a size is measured, namely an air flow that is directly influenced by the degree of contamination or throttling degree of the smoke passage openings, but not by possibly other changes that are made to the smoke alarm or with time.
- a total air flow is generated here by the at least temporary energization of a fan, for example with a control device.
- This total air flow is made up of two variable parts of one Main air flow and a secondary air flow, which are guided as mentioned above, or result from a design-related air flow.
- the smoke detector reports its pollution, e.g. by a signal (optical / acoustic) or a message to a control center, if the flow in the secondary air flow exceeds a predetermined / predefinable limit.
- Such a limit may e.g. be stored in the smoke detector.
- the limit value during commissioning of such a smoke alarm device can be determined and stored by determining the strength of the secondary air flow of the new unpolluted smoke alarm device at initial startup and storing it as a limit value for later comparison.
- the secondary air flow occurs only within the housing, so as to ensure a perfect dependence on the main air flow without further influencing.
- this air duct is determined by a partition, by means of the interior of the housing of the smoke alarm is divided into two chambers and a first through hole in the partition, in which Fan is arranged and at least one second passage opening in the partition, which connects as well as the first two chambers.
- An inventive smoke alarm which is suitable for carrying out this method according to the invention, therefore has the features that the interior of the housing is divided by a partition wall into two chambers, the first chamber comprises the smoke passage openings and the second chamber at least one opening (exit or Inlet opening, depending on the direction of air flow in the main air flow), which connects the second chamber with the environment.
- a first passage opening and at least one second passage opening are arranged, which connect the two chambers, respectively.
- an at least temporarily actuated / actuated fan is arranged, with which a total air flow through the first passage opening in the partition is generated, which is divided into a main air flow through the smoke passage openings and the opening which connects the second chamber with the environment, and a secondary air flow between the chambers through the first and the at least one second passage opening, wherein a sensor element is provided, with which the strength of the secondary air flow is measurable, which as mentioned above, depends on the degree of contamination of the smoke passage opening.
- two alternative directions of flow for the main air flow can be provided or selected, if necessary. Also by a reversibility of the fan rotation direction, namely preferably from the outside through the smoke passage openings to the first passage opening and from there to the at least one opening in the second chamber to the surroundings, this opening then serving as an outlet opening, or vice versa, this at least one opening then serving as an inlet opening.
- the sensor element is arranged in or in the region of the at least one second passage opening.
- This arrangement is particularly preferred since, in the region of the at least one second through-opening, a maximum flow velocity is achieved on account of the maximum achieved reduction in cross-section in the through-opening. Therefore, the measurement accuracy proves to be the largest at this point.
- a smoke alarm device is constructed in two parts, in which case, as a possible embodiment, said second chamber is assigned to a base area, i. an area which is mounted on a ceiling of a room and the first chamber is associated with a cover of the housing, which is thus monited room side.
- said second chamber is assigned to a base area, i. an area which is mounted on a ceiling of a room and the first chamber is associated with a cover of the housing, which is thus monited room side.
- any suitable sensor element can be used to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
- a rotor in a second passage opening, which is set in rotation by the secondary air flow which occurs through this second passage opening.
- the rotational speed of the rotor for example, optically by a light barrier or by voltages in a driven by the rotor Generator are induced to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
- the sensor element is set up to measure the temperature profile of a heated and cooling in the secondary air flow means. From the measured with the sensor element temperature profile can then be determined a measure of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus the pollution or throttling of the smoke passage openings.
- a measure of the strength of the secondary air flow can be determined.
- the sensor element itself, the flowing secondary air or a separate element can be used.
- a sensor element may e.g. be designed as a temperature-dependent resistor, for example as a resistor with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC).
- NTC negative temperature coefficient
- Such or other non-moving sensor elements have the particular advantage that friction does not have to be overcome, as for example in the case of the rotor initially mentioned, in order to initially set it in motion. Accordingly, such a rotor will only sufficiently detect flow velocity above a certain minimum level, since it will only be set into rotation from standstill from such a minimum thickness.
- the preferred sensor element which is designed for example as a temperature-dependent resistor, regardless of any friction effects to be overcome, so that even the lowest flow velocities can be measured safely.
- a heating device may be used which is provided in the housing, e.g. is arranged in one of the two chambers or in a passage opening.
- a heating element may be arranged separately, in particular adjacent to the sensor element, e.g. if it is intended to heat the sensor element itself or the flowing secondary air.
- the sensor element itself may also constitute the heating device, e.g. as a temporary energized temperature-dependent resistance. Such a resistor will heat up by current supply up to a certain temperature and can then be cooled by the secondary air flow.
- a corresponding control and / or measuring device can be provided within the smoke alarm, with which the heating of the used agent takes place, e.g. the heating of a separate heating device or the energization of the sensor element takes place and / or the subsequent measurement of the cooling behavior, in particular measurement of the resistance value with time.
- the fan before performing a measurement, as described above, the fan first for a predetermined / predeterminable time to a thermal and / or hydrothermal balance in the smoke detector without heating so before the actual measurement phase receive. It may then in an alternative the measuring process, i. the heating takes place immediately when the fan is running or in a contrast preferred variant only after the fan for a turn predetermined / predetermined time was stopped. The heating therefore takes place when the fan is at standstill, after which, after the heating up, the fan is then started again for a predetermined / predefinable measuring time, e.g. until a certain limit (temperature or resistance) has been reached in the course of the temperature.
- a predetermined / predefinable measuring time e.g. until a certain limit (temperature or resistance) has been reached in the course of the temperature.
- a heating can take place even when the fan is running.
- the smoke alarm instead of only a single second passage opening to provide at least two second through holes, wherein the sensor element to determine the Strength of the secondary air flow in one of the at least two passage openings is arranged.
- the passage in the cross section is reduced by the arrangement of the sensor element, for example, the resistance in one of the two through holes, but due to the at least one further through hole enough further cross section remains to achieve a significant secondary air flow.
- a control device in the smoke detector which is adapted to energize the fan for checking the contamination of the smoke passage openings at least temporarily. This can be done periodically, in particular automatically, e.g. by an internal program within the smoke detector.
- an external request may be given, for example, by maintenance personnel located in the vicinity of the smoke alarm device, or may also be given at a distance from it remotely, e.g. by a request that is communicated by radio to the smoke detector, for which this may have a corresponding radio receiving device.
- a smoke detector comprises a communication device, for example, which also allows the reception of the aforementioned requirement, by means of the result of the measurement of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings to an external receiving unit is, for example, a management system.
- a communication device for example, which also allows the reception of the aforementioned requirement, by means of the result of the measurement of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings to an external receiving unit is, for example, a management system.
- Such Message can be wired, but more preferably wirelessly via wireless.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the smoke alarm device and the method according to the invention is seen therein, when the present in the housing of the smoke alarm fan is also used in addition to its purpose of checking the contamination to at least temporarily suck ambient air into the housing, e.g. To avoid false alarms or to improve the response, in particular to shorten the response time.
- a control device may be configured to cause this suction when detection takes place in the detection path. In this case, before an external alarm triggering this sucking done to check whether it is only a short-term detection, e.g. with cigarette smoke or an insect or dust / aerosol etc. or whether smoke still follows.
- the smoke detector With such a detection or initially internal alarm triggering and subsequent energization of the fan, ambient air is then actively drawn into the smoke alarm device.
- the smoke detector In the case of an insect or a merely limited cloud of, for example, cigarette smoke, dust, etc., the smoke detector will detect with its detector, eg optical detection path that no smoke due to a source of fire is present.
- the first passage opening in which the fan is arranged is given by the inner free cross section of a cylindrical pipe section, which in the partition is arranged and receives the fan.
- first through-opening and the at least one second through-opening may be spaced in the direction of the diameter of the dividing wall, in particular for smoke detectors, which are usually circular in cross-section. In this way, a maximum decency between the two passage openings can be achieved, which ensures that a clear division of the total air flow in the main and secondary air flow is effected.
- the fan may be provided to use the fan to blow the smoke passage openings of dirt.
- a direction of rotation of the fan is preferably selected, which causes the main air flow from the interior of the housing through the smoke passage openings leads to the outside, so that dirt is carried out of the smoke alarm. It may be provided to operate the fan faster rotating than is the case with a measurement of pollution.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a housing G of a smoke detector, in which the simplification of the inventive principle, a smoke detector and an alarm device, in particular as an optical detection path with light emitter and scattered light receiver, and for example an acoustic tone generator are not shown.
- FIG. 1 shows that it is provided according to the invention, the total internal volume of the housing G to divide into two chambers, namely with respect to the FIG. 1 , In an upper chamber 1 and a lower chamber 2.
- the lower chamber 2 may be associated with a mounting base of the smoke alarm, so that in the actual mounting situation of the smoke alarm on a room ceiling, the chamber 2 is arranged on the ceiling side.
- two passage openings are provided in the partition 3, which here causes the separation between the two chambers 1 and 2, namely here a particular left-side passage opening 6 in which a fan 8 is arranged, and a particular right-side passage opening. 7 in or in the vicinity of which a sensor element 9 is arranged.
- the left or Right-side orientation of the through hole for the principle of the invention irrelevant.
- the fan 8 is energized, which is e.g. can be done by a provided in the smoke detector control device, so a total air flow is generated which takes place in this embodiment of the chamber 1 into the chamber 2 through the passage opening 6 therethrough.
- this total air stream is divided into a main air flow H and a secondary air flow N.
- the main air flow H is formed by ambient air L, which is sucked through the smoke passage openings 4 in the chamber 1.
- this ambient air is conveyed as a part of the total air flow through the passage opening 6 and occurs due to the pressure increase caused thereby in the chamber 2 through the opening 5, which acts here as the outlet opening 5 in this chamber 2 in turn in the direction of the environment.
- the Strömunsoplasty is also reversed and the opening 5 would act as an inlet opening. All following explanations apply analogously to this alternative flow direction.
- an internal secondary air flow is effected, in which air is conveyed within the two chambers 1 and 2 as a side stream N shown here in a circle, said circle between the two chambers 1 and 2 both through the passage opening 6, in which the fan is arranged, as well as through the passage opening 7 is closed.
- main and secondary air flow it is irrelevant in all possible embodiments that in practice the air mixes the main and secondary air flow and separates again.
- the flow velocity in the secondary air flow N is increased when the main air flow is reduced, for example, by a reduction in cross-section or blockage of the smoke passage openings 4.
- a measure of the degree of soiling or throttling of the main air flow is accordingly the flow velocity in the secondary air flow N, which, as shown here, can be measured by a sensor element 9, which is located in or in the vicinity of the second through-opening 7.
- a sensor element 9 which is located in or in the vicinity of the second through-opening 7.
- it may be a temperature dependent resistor whose cooling behavior, i. whose resistance change can be measured with time after heating by energizing.
- the so measured measure of the flow rate which is a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings 4, can be stored for example in all possible embodiments of the invention within a smoke alarm and / or externally, for example. be communicated by radio to document a check of the smoke alarm on the function and continuity of the flue gas inlet openings.
- the invention can also be used to shorten response times or to exclude false alarms, by a temporary detection of foreign bodies within the example optically designed detection path.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rauchwarnmelder mit einem Gehäuse, welches Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen aufweist und einen Rauchdetektor sowie eine Alarmmeldevorrichtung umfasst. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Verschmutzung von Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen eines Rauchwarnmelders mit einem Gehäuse.The invention relates to a smoke detector with a housing which has smoke passage openings and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm signaling device. The invention further relates to a method for checking the contamination of smoke passage openings of a smoke detector with a housing.
Rauchwarnmelder sind im Stand der Technik bekannt wie zum Beispiel in der Europäischen Patentanmeldung
Z.B. durch eine optische Detektionsstrecke, beispielsweise realisiert durch ein Licht emittierendes Element und einen Streulichtsensor, kann zuverlässig detektiert werden, wenn Rauch durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen in dem Gehäuse in die optische Detektionsstrecke eintritt und dort zu einer Lichtstreuung führt.For example, by an optical detection path, for example realized by a light-emitting element and a scattered light sensor, can be reliably detected when smoke enters through the smoke passage openings in the housing in the optical detection path and there leads to a light scattering.
Es ist für einen solchen Fall vorgesehen, mittels einer Alarmmeldevorrichtung einen Alarm auszulösen, der z.B. akustischer Art ist, wofür ein solcher Rauchwarnmelder der bekannten Art einen entsprechenden akustischen Schallerzeuger, z.B. ein Piezoelement aufweisen kann.It is intended for such a case to trigger an alarm by means of an alarm signaling device, e.g. acoustic type is what such a smoke alarm of the known type a corresponding acoustic sound generator, e.g. may have a piezoelectric element.
Rauchwarnmelder dieser bekannten Art können neben den vorgenannten Vorrichtungen demnach üblicherweise entsprechende Elektroniken umfassen, um das Streulicht mittels des Streulichtsensors zu messen und die Alarmmeldevorrichtung anzusteuern.Smoke alarms of this known type can therefore usually include appropriate electronics in addition to the aforementioned devices to measure the scattered light by means of the scattered light sensor and to control the alarm signaling device.
Es ist im Stand der Technik weiterhin bekannt, dass Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen verschmutzen können und somit eine sichere Detektion von Rauch nicht mehr gewährleistet werden kann. Eine Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnung kann beispielsweise durch Staubpartikel in der Luft erfolgen, die sich über die Zeit im Öffnungsquerschnitt der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen ablagern oder auch durch Insekten, wie z.B. Spinnen oder durch sonstige Mechanismen. Wenn sich der Öffnungsquerschnitt verringert hat ist der Durchtritt von Rauch durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen gedrosselt, wodurch die Ansprechzeit eines verschmutzten Rauchdetektors verlängert ist.It is also known in the prior art that smoke passage openings can become dirty and thus reliable detection of smoke can no longer be guaranteed. Contamination of the smoke passage opening can be effected for example by dust particles in the air, which deposit over time in the opening cross-section of the smoke passage openings or by insects, such as. Spiders or by other mechanisms. When the opening area has been reduced, the passage of smoke through the smoke passages is restricted, thereby increasing the response time of a polluted smoke detector.
Ebenso kann es vorkommen, dass Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen eines Rauchwarnmelders bewusst von Personen verschlossen werden. Ein solcher Fall kann vorkommen, wenn Rauchwarnmelder z.B. für Renovierungsarbeiten, beispielsweise beim Streichen einer Zimmerdecke abgedeckt werden. In einer solchen Situation ist ein Rauchwarnmelder nicht mehr sicher funktionsfähig.It may also happen that smoke openings of a smoke alarm are deliberately closed by people. Such a case may occur when smoke detectors are used e.g. be covered for renovation work, for example, when painting a ceiling. In such a situation, a smoke alarm device is no longer safe to operate.
Es ist weiterhin oder wird zukünftig gefordert, dass die einwandfreie Funktion, demnach insbesondere die Durchgängigkeit der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen, regelmäßig zu überprüfen ist, um die Funktionsfähigkeit eines Rauchwarnmelders sicher zu stellen. Eine Pflicht zur Überprüfung betrifft beispielsweise die Betreiber von Rauchmeldeanlagen oder aber auch die Vermieter von Wohneigentum, in welchem Rauchmelder installiert sind.It is still or will be required in the future that the perfect function, therefore in particular the continuity of the smoke openings, is to be checked regularly in order to ensure the functionality of a smoke alarm. A duty to review concerns For example, the operators of smoke alarm systems or even the landlords of home ownership, in which smoke detectors are installed.
Die im Stand der Technik bislang bekannten Verfahren oder Rauchwarnmelder weisen dabei allesamt den Nachteil auf, dass üblicherweise indirekte Messmethoden angewandt werden, um die Durchgängigkeit bzw. den Drosselungsgrad von Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen zu überprüfen.The methods or smoke detectors known to date in the prior art all have the disadvantage that usually indirect measuring methods are used to check the continuity or the degree of throttling of smoke passage openings.
Dabei werden oftmals akustische oder optische Verfahren eingesetzt, um die Verschmutzung messtechnisch erfassen zu können, wobei sich solche Verfahren bzw. Rauchwarnmelder als ggf. unzuverlässig erweisen, insbesondere bei Verfahren die auf akustische, insbesondere Resonanzmessung zurückgreifen, da sich das akustische Verhalten eines Rauchwarnmelders nicht nur durch die Verschmutzung der Öffnungen selbst sondern auch durch interne Schmutzablagerungen im Gehäuse der Rauchwarnmelder, oder durch mechanische Gehäusebeschädigungen ändern kann, die aber ansonsten die Funktionsfähigkeit eines Rauchmelders gar nicht beeinflussen.In this case, acoustic or optical methods are often used to detect the pollution metrologically, with such methods or smoke detectors prove to be unreliable, especially in methods that rely on acoustic, especially resonance measurement, since the acoustic behavior of a smoke alarm not only by the contamination of the openings themselves but also by internal dirt deposits in the housing of the smoke detectors, or by mechanical damage housing can change, but otherwise do not affect the functioning of a smoke detector.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung einen Rauchwarnmelder und ein Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Verschmutzung von Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen bereitzustellen, mit denen auf sichere Art und Weise, sowie auch auf einfache Art und Weise, der Grad der Verschmutzung von Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen im Gehäuse eines Rauchwarnmelders bzw. deren Drosselungsgrad beim Rauchdurchtritt überprüft werden kann. Dabei soll bevorzugt auch die Möglichkeit gegeben werden, das Ergebnis einer Überprüfung zugänglich zu machen, insbesondere ohne dass die Notwendigkeit besteht, dass Überprüfungspersonal den Montageort eines Rauchwarnmelders betreten muss.It is the object of the invention to provide a smoke detector and a method for checking the contamination of smoke openings, with which in a safe manner, as well as in a simple manner, the degree of contamination of smoke openings in the housing of a smoke alarm or their throttling degree Smoke passage can be checked. It should also be given the opportunity to make the result of a review accessible, in particular without the need for verification staff must enter the installation of a smoke alarm.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass ein Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Verschmutzung von Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen eines Rauchwarnmelders mit einem Gehäuse bereitgestellt wird, bei dem im Inneren des Gehäuses mit einem Ventilator, der in einer von zwei Durchgangsöffnungen einer Trennwand zwischen zwei Kammern des Gehäuses angeordnet ist, zumindest zeitweise ein Gesamtluftstrom erzeugt wird, der sich, durch eine gewählte Luftführung, aufteilt in einen Hauptluftstrom, der durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen führt und einen Nebenluftstrom, der ausschließlich innerhalb des Gehäuses zwischen den beiden Kammern in einem Kreis befördert wird, wobei die Stärke des Nebenluftstromes als Maß für die Verschmutzung bzw. den Drosselungsrad der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen gemessen wird.To solve the problem, it is provided according to the invention that a method for checking the contamination of smoke openings a smoke alarm is provided with a housing in which inside the housing with a fan which is arranged in one of two through holes of a partition between two chambers of the housing, at least temporarily, a total air flow is generated, which, divided by a selected air duct in a main air flow passing through the smoke passage openings and a secondary air flow, which is conveyed within the housing between the two chambers in a circle, wherein the strength of the secondary air flow is measured as a measure of the pollution or the Drosselungsrad the smoke passage openings.
In einer bevorzugten Luftführung kann es dabei vorgesehen sein, dass der Hauptluftstrom von außen durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen in das Gehäuse eintritt und durch wenigstens eine Austrittsöffnung aus dem Gehäuse austritt. Bei dieser Ausführung entspricht die Luftführung auch dem tatsächlichen Weg des Rauches in einem Brandfall.In a preferred air duct, it may be provided that the main air flow enters the housing from the outside through the smoke passage openings and exits the housing through at least one outlet opening. In this version, the air duct also corresponds to the actual path of the smoke in a fire.
Alternativ kann es auch vorgesehen sein, den Hauptluftstrom so zu führen, dass er aus den Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen austritt und durch wenigstens eine Eintrittsöffnung in das Gehäuse eintritt. Die nachfolgend in Bezug auf die erste Art der Luftführung genannten Merkmale gelten ebenso für die zweite alternative Art der Luftführung, wobei dann die wenigstens eine "Eintrittsöffnung" durch "Austrittsöffnung" zu ersetzen ist.Alternatively, it can also be provided to guide the main air flow so that it emerges from the smoke passage openings and enters the housing through at least one inlet opening. The features mentioned below in relation to the first type of air guide also apply to the second alternative type of air guide, in which case the at least one "inlet opening" is to be replaced by "outlet opening".
Der ganz wesentliche Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt darin, dass tatsächlich eine Größe ausgemessen wird, nämlich eine Luftströmung, die unmittelbar durch den Verschmutzungsgrad bzw. Drosselungsgrad der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen beeinflusst ist, nicht jedoch durch ggf. andere Änderungen, die am Rauchwarnmelder vorgenommen werden bzw. sich mit der Zeit ergeben.The very essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that actually a size is measured, namely an air flow that is directly influenced by the degree of contamination or throttling degree of the smoke passage openings, but not by possibly other changes that are made to the smoke alarm or with time.
So wird hier durch die zumindest zeitweise Bestromung eines Ventilators, beispielsweise mit einer Steuervorrichtung ein Gesamtluftstrom erzeugt. Dieser Gesamtluftstrom setzt sich zu zwei variablen Anteilen aus einem Hauptluftstrom und einem Nebenluftstrom zusammen, die wie zuvor erwähnt geführt sind, bzw. sich durch eine konstruktionsbedingte Luftführung ergeben.Thus, a total air flow is generated here by the at least temporary energization of a fan, for example with a control device. This total air flow is made up of two variable parts of one Main air flow and a secondary air flow, which are guided as mentioned above, or result from a design-related air flow.
Dabei ist es so, dass zur Beibehaltung des Gesamtluftstroms der Nebenluftstrom zunimmt, wenn der Hauptluftstrom abnimmt, was durch die Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen und die dadurch bewirkte Drosselung der Luftströmung im Hauptluftstrom vorkommen kann. Ein zunehmender Nebenluftstrom bzw. die Stärke des Nebenluftstroms, also dessen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit kann somit unmittelbar ein Maß für die Verschmutzung bzw. Drosselung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen bilden. Ein solches Maß kann demnach festgestellt und z.B. gespeichert werden für zukünftige Auswertungen oder auch Meldungen zum Zweck der Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit bzw. Sicherheit des Rauchwarnmelders.It is such that to maintain the total air flow of the secondary air flow increases when the main air flow decreases, which may occur due to the pollution of the smoke passage openings and the consequent throttling of the air flow in the main air flow. An increasing secondary air flow or the strength of the secondary air flow, ie its flow velocity, can thus directly form a measure of the contamination or throttling of the smoke passage openings. Such a measure can thus be determined and e.g. be stored for future evaluations or messages for the purpose of checking the functionality or safety of the smoke detector.
Es kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass der Rauchwarnmelder seine Verschmutzung meldet, z.B. durch ein Signal (optisch / akustisch) oder eine Mitteilung an eine Zentrale, wenn die Strömung im Nebenluftstrom einen vorgegebenen / vorgebbaren Grenzwert übersteigt.It can be provided, for example, that the smoke detector reports its pollution, e.g. by a signal (optical / acoustic) or a message to a control center, if the flow in the secondary air flow exceeds a predetermined / predefinable limit.
Ein solcher Grenzwert kann z.B. im Rauchwarnmelder gespeichert sein. In einer Anwendung kann der Grenzwert bei der Inbetriebnahme eines solchen Rauchwarnmelders ermittelt und gespeichert werden, indem die Stärke des Nebenluftstromes des neuen unverschmutzten Rauchwarnmelders bei der ersten Inbetriebnahme ermittelt und für spätere Vergleiche als Grenzwert gespeichert wird.Such a limit may e.g. be stored in the smoke detector. In one application, the limit value during commissioning of such a smoke alarm device can be determined and stored by determining the strength of the secondary air flow of the new unpolluted smoke alarm device at initial startup and storing it as a limit value for later comparison.
Für den wesentlichen Kerngedanken der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass der Nebenluftstrom ausschließlich innerhalb des Gehäuses auftritt, um so eine einwandfreie Abhängigkeit vom Hauptluftstrom ohne weitere Beeinflussung zu gewährleisten.For the essential core idea of the invention, it is provided that the secondary air flow occurs only within the housing, so as to ensure a perfect dependence on the main air flow without further influencing.
Um eine entsprechende Luftführung zu erhalten, die dies gewährleistet, kann es bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass diese Luftführung bestimmt wird durch eine Trennwand, mittels der das Innere des Gehäuses des Rauchwarnmelders in zwei Kammern unterteilt wird und eine erste Durchgangsöffnung in der Trennwand, in welcher der Ventilator angeordnet ist und wenigstens eine zweite Durchgangsöffnung in der Trennwand, die ebenso wie die erste die beiden Kammern verbindet.In order to obtain a corresponding air flow, which ensures this, it may preferably be provided that this air duct is determined by a partition, by means of the interior of the housing of the smoke alarm is divided into two chambers and a first through hole in the partition, in which Fan is arranged and at least one second passage opening in the partition, which connects as well as the first two chambers.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Rauchwarnmelder, der zur Durchführung dieses erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist, weist demnach die Merkmale auf, dass das innere des Gehäuses durch eine Trennwand in zwei Kammern unterteilt ist, die erste Kammer die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen umfasst und die zweite Kammer wenigstens eine Öffnung (Austritts- bzw. Eintrittsöffnung, je nach Luftströmungsrichtung im Hauptluftstrom) umfasst, welche die zweite Kammer mit der Umgebung verbindet.An inventive smoke alarm, which is suitable for carrying out this method according to the invention, therefore has the features that the interior of the housing is divided by a partition wall into two chambers, the first chamber comprises the smoke passage openings and the second chamber at least one opening (exit or Inlet opening, depending on the direction of air flow in the main air flow), which connects the second chamber with the environment.
In der Trennwand ist eine erste Durchgangsöffnung und wenigstens eine zweite Durchgangsöffnung angeordnet, die jeweils die beiden Kammern verbinden. In der ersten Durchgangsöffnung ist ein zumindest zeitweise betätigbarer/betätigter Ventilator angeordnet, mit dem ein Gesamtluftstrom durch die erste Durchgangsöffnung in der Trennwand erzeugbar ist, der aufgeteilt ist in einen Hauptluftstrom durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen und die Öffnung, welche die zweite Kammer mit der Umgebung verbindet, sowie einen Nebenluftstrom zwischen den Kammern durch die erste und die wenigstens eine zweite Durchgangsöffnung hindurch, wobei ein Sensorelement vorgesehen ist, mit welchem die Stärke des Nebenluftstroms messbar ist, die wie zuvor erwähnt, von dem Verschmutzungsgrad der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnung abhängt.In the partition wall, a first passage opening and at least one second passage opening are arranged, which connect the two chambers, respectively. In the first passage opening an at least temporarily actuated / actuated fan is arranged, with which a total air flow through the first passage opening in the partition is generated, which is divided into a main air flow through the smoke passage openings and the opening which connects the second chamber with the environment, and a secondary air flow between the chambers through the first and the at least one second passage opening, wherein a sensor element is provided, with which the strength of the secondary air flow is measurable, which as mentioned above, depends on the degree of contamination of the smoke passage opening.
Wie eingangs erwähnt können zwei alternative Strömungsrichtungen für den Hauptluftstrom vorgesehen sein, bzw. gewählt werden, ggfs. auch durch eine Umschaltbarkeit der Ventilatordrehrichtung, nämlich bevorzugt von außen durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen zur ersten Durchgangsöffnung und von dort zu der wenigstens einen Öffnung in der zweiten Kammer zur Umgebung, wobei diese Öffnung dann als Austrittsöffnung dient, oder umgekehrt, wobei diese wenigstens eine Öffnung dann als Eintrittsöffnung dient.As mentioned above, two alternative directions of flow for the main air flow can be provided or selected, if necessary. Also by a reversibility of the fan rotation direction, namely preferably from the outside through the smoke passage openings to the first passage opening and from there to the at least one opening in the second chamber to the surroundings, this opening then serving as an outlet opening, or vice versa, this at least one opening then serving as an inlet opening.
Dabei kann es bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass das Sensorelement in oder im Bereich der wenigstens einen zweiten Durchgangsöffnung angeordnet ist.It can preferably be provided that the sensor element is arranged in or in the region of the at least one second passage opening.
Diese Anordnung ist besonders bevorzugt, da gerade in dem Bereich der wenigstens einen zweiten Durchgangsöffnung eine maximale Strömungsgeschwindigkeit aufgrund der maximal erreichten Querschnittsverringerung in der Durchgangsöffnung erzielt wird. Daher erweist sich die Messgenauigkeit an dieser Stelle als am größten.This arrangement is particularly preferred since, in the region of the at least one second through-opening, a maximum flow velocity is achieved on account of the maximum achieved reduction in cross-section in the through-opening. Therefore, the measurement accuracy proves to be the largest at this point.
In einer weiterhin bevorzugten Ausführung kann es dabei vorgesehen sein, dass ein Rauchwarnmelder zweigeteilt aufgebaut ist, wobei in einem solchen Fall als eine mögliche Ausführung die genannte zweite Kammer einem Sockelbereich zugeordnet ist, d.h. einem Bereich, welcher an einer Decke eines Raumes montiert wird und die erste Kammer einem Deckel des Gehäuses zugeordnet ist, welches demnach raumseitig moniert ist. Hier sind jedoch auch andere Konstruktionen, insbesondere auch einteilige Gehäusekonstruktionen denkbar.In a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that a smoke alarm device is constructed in two parts, in which case, as a possible embodiment, said second chamber is assigned to a base area, i. an area which is mounted on a ceiling of a room and the first chamber is associated with a cover of the housing, which is thus monited room side. However, other constructions, in particular one-piece housing constructions, are also conceivable here.
Zur Vermessung der Stärke der Nebenluftströmung kann grundsätzlich jegliches dafür geeignetes Sensorelement eingesetzt werden.In principle, any suitable sensor element can be used to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
Beispielsweise besteht in einer Ausführung die Möglichkeit in eine zweite Durchgangsöffnung einen Rotor einzusetzen, der durch die Nebenluftströmung die durch diese zweite Durchgangsöffnung erfolgt, in Rotation versetzt wird. So kann durch die Vermessung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors z.B. optisch durch eine Lichtschranke oder durch Spannungen, die in einem durch den Rotor angetriebenen Generator induziert werden, die Stärke der Nebenluftströmung vermessen werden.For example, in one embodiment, it is possible to use a rotor in a second passage opening, which is set in rotation by the secondary air flow which occurs through this second passage opening. Thus, by measuring the rotational speed of the rotor, for example, optically by a light barrier or by voltages in a driven by the rotor Generator are induced to measure the strength of the secondary air flow.
Auch besteht die Möglichkeit mit einem Differenzdrucksensor die Druckdifferenz zwischen beiden Kammern zu messen. Auch diese ist bei der gegebenen Geometrie der Durchgangsöffnung von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Nebenluftstrom abhängig.It is also possible with a differential pressure sensor to measure the pressure difference between the two chambers. This is also dependent on the flow velocity in the secondary air flow given the geometry of the passage opening.
In einer anderen, demgegenüber weiterhin bevorzugten Ausführungsform, kann es auch vorgesehen sein, dass das Sensorelement eingerichtet ist, den Temperaturverlauf zu messen von einem aufgeheizten und sich im Nebenluftstrom abkühlenden Mittel. Aus dem mit dem Sensorelement gemessenen Temperaturverlauf kann dann ein Maß ermittelt werden für die Stärke der Nebenluftströmung und damit die Verschmutzung bzw. Drosselung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen. Als aufzuheizendes bzw. aufgeheiztes Mittel kann beispielsweise das Sensorelement selbst, die strömende Nebenluft oder auch ein separates Element eingesetzt werden.In another, further preferred embodiment, it can also be provided that the sensor element is set up to measure the temperature profile of a heated and cooling in the secondary air flow means. From the measured with the sensor element temperature profile can then be determined a measure of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus the pollution or throttling of the smoke passage openings. As a means to be heated or heated, for example, the sensor element itself, the flowing secondary air or a separate element can be used.
In einer Ausführung kann ein Sensorelement z.B. als temperaturabhängiger Widerstand ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als ein Widerstand mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizienten (NTC). Ein solches oder andere nicht bewegte Sensorelemente haben dabei den besonderen Vorteil, dass Reibungen nicht überwunden werden müssen, wie beispielsweise bei dem eingangs genannten Rotor, um diesen anfänglich in Bewegung zu setzten. Ein solcher Rotor wird demnach nur Strömungsgeschwindigkeit oberhalb einer bestimmten Mindeststärke ausreichend detektieren, da er erst ab einer solchen Mindeststärke aus dem Stillstand in die Rotation versetzt wird.In one embodiment, a sensor element may e.g. be designed as a temperature-dependent resistor, for example as a resistor with a negative temperature coefficient (NTC). Such or other non-moving sensor elements have the particular advantage that friction does not have to be overcome, as for example in the case of the rotor initially mentioned, in order to initially set it in motion. Accordingly, such a rotor will only sufficiently detect flow velocity above a certain minimum level, since it will only be set into rotation from standstill from such a minimum thickness.
Dem gegenüber ist das bevorzugte Sensorelement, welches z.B. als temperaturabhängiger Widerstand ausgebildet ist, unabhängig von jeglichen zu überwindenden Reibungseffekten, so dass selbst geringste Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten sicher vermessen werden können.In contrast, the preferred sensor element, which is designed for example as a temperature-dependent resistor, regardless of any friction effects to be overcome, so that even the lowest flow velocities can be measured safely.
Um die Stärke des Nebenluftstroms zu messen durch Vermessung des Abkühlverhaltens eines aufgeheizten Mittels kann eine Heizvorrichtung verwendet werden, die im Gehäuse, z.B. in einer der beiden Kammern oder in einer Durchgangsöffnung angeordnet ist. Ein solches Heizelement kann separat, insbesondere benachbart zum Sensorelement angeordnet sein, z.B. wenn es vorgesehen ist, das Sensorelement selbst oder die strömende Nebenluft aufzuheizen. In einer Ausführung kann auch das Sensorelement selbst die Heizvorrichtung bilden, z.B. als zeitweise bestromter temperaturabhängiger Widerstand. Ein solcher Widerstand wird sich durch Bestromung bis zu einer bestimmten Temperatur aufheizen und kann sodann durch den Nebenluftstrom abgekühlt werden.In order to measure the magnitude of the secondary air flow by measuring the cooling behavior of a heated medium, a heating device may be used which is provided in the housing, e.g. is arranged in one of the two chambers or in a passage opening. Such a heating element may be arranged separately, in particular adjacent to the sensor element, e.g. if it is intended to heat the sensor element itself or the flowing secondary air. In one embodiment, the sensor element itself may also constitute the heating device, e.g. as a temporary energized temperature-dependent resistance. Such a resistor will heat up by current supply up to a certain temperature and can then be cooled by the secondary air flow.
Bei all diesen Ausführungen besteht somit die Möglichkeit beim Abkühlen den Widerstandswert dieses temperaturabhängigen Widerstandes in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit zu messen und aus dem so vermessenen Verlauf des Widerstandswertes eine Information über das Abkühlverhalten und damit über die Stärke des Nebenluftstromes und damit gleichzeitig über die Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen zu erhalten.In all these embodiments, it is therefore possible to measure the resistance value of this temperature-dependent resistance as a function of time and from the so measured course of the resistance value information about the cooling behavior and thus on the strength of the secondary air flow and thus simultaneously on the pollution of the smoke passage openings to obtain.
Um dies zu realisieren kann eine entsprechende Steuer- und / oder Messvorrichtung innerhalb des Rauchwarnmelders vorgesehen sein, mit welcher die Aufheizung des genutzten Mittels erfolgt, z.B. die Beheizung einer separaten Heizvorrichtung oder die Bestromung des Sensorelementes erfolgt und / oder auch die anschließende Messung des Abkühlverhaltens, insbesondere Messung des Widerstandswertes mit der Zeit.In order to realize this, a corresponding control and / or measuring device can be provided within the smoke alarm, with which the heating of the used agent takes place, e.g. the heating of a separate heating device or the energization of the sensor element takes place and / or the subsequent measurement of the cooling behavior, in particular measurement of the resistance value with time.
Dabei kann es in einer möglichen Ausführungsvariante vorgesehen sein, dass nicht unmittelbar nach dem Ende einer Aufheizung mit der Vermessung des Abkühlverhaltens oder zumindest nicht mit der Auswertung der Messwerte begonnen wird, sondern dass zunächst die Messvorrichtung eine gewisse Zeit abwartet, da nach einer Aufheizung des Sensorelementes, insbesondere des temperaturabhängigen Widerstandes zunächst eine Abkühlung dieses durch Strahlung dominiert gegenüber dem Abkühlverhalten aufgrund von Konvektion, die durch den Nebenluftstrom bedingt ist.It may be provided in a possible embodiment that not immediately after the end of a heating with the measurement of the cooling behavior or at least not with the evaluation of the measured values is started, but that first the measuring device waits for a certain time, since after heating of the sensor element , in particular the Temperature-dependent resistance initially a cooling this dominated by radiation over the cooling behavior due to convection, which is due to the secondary air flow.
Es ist daher in vorteilhafter Weise vorgesehen, die Messvorrichtung derart einzurichten, dass diese diejenige Zeit abwartet, in welcher das Abkühlverhalten durch diese Wärmestrahlung dominiert ist.It is therefore advantageously provided to set up the measuring device such that it waits for the time in which the cooling behavior is dominated by this heat radiation.
In einer wiederum weiteren Ausbildung kann es vorgesehen sein, vor der Durchführung einer Messung, wie sie zuvor beschrieben wurde, den Ventilator zunächst für eine vorgegebene/vorgebbare Zeit einzuschalten um ein thermisches und/oder hydrothermisches Gleichgewicht im Rauchmelder ohne Beheizung also vor der eigentlichen Messphase zu erhalten. Es kann dann in einer Alternativen der Messprozess, d.h. die Aufheizung unmittelbar bei laufenden Ventilator erfolgen oder in einer demgegenüber bevorzugten Variante erst nachdem der Ventilator für eine wiederum vorgegebene / vorgebbare Zeit gestoppt wurde. Die Aufheizung erfolgt demnach bei stillstehendem Ventilator, wobei nach der Aufheizung sodann der Ventilator für eine vorgegebene / vorgebbare Messzeit wiederum gestartet wird, z.B. solange bis ein bestimmter Grenzwert (Temperatur oder Widerstand) im Temperaturverlauf erreicht wurde.In yet another embodiment, it may be provided, before performing a measurement, as described above, the fan first for a predetermined / predeterminable time to a thermal and / or hydrothermal balance in the smoke detector without heating so before the actual measurement phase receive. It may then in an alternative the measuring process, i. the heating takes place immediately when the fan is running or in a contrast preferred variant only after the fan for a turn predetermined / predetermined time was stopped. The heating therefore takes place when the fan is at standstill, after which, after the heating up, the fan is then started again for a predetermined / predefinable measuring time, e.g. until a certain limit (temperature or resistance) has been reached in the course of the temperature.
Unabhängig von diesen Ausführungsvarianten kann eine Aufheizung auch bei laufendem Ventilator stattfinden.Regardless of these embodiments, a heating can take place even when the fan is running.
Um zu gewährleisten, dass der Ausbildung einer messbaren Nebenluftströmung nicht zu große interne Widerstände entgegengesetzt sind, kann es in einer weiterhin bevorzugten konstruktiven Ausgestaltung des Rauchwarnmelders vorgesehen sein, statt nur einer einzigen zweiten Durchgangsöffnung, wenigstens zwei zweite Durchgangsöffnungen vorzusehen, wobei das Sensorelement zu Bestimmung der Stärke der Nebenluftströmung in einer der der wenigstens zwei Durchgangsöffnungen angeordnet ist. So wird zwar durch die Anordnung des Sensorelementes beispielsweise also des Widerstandes in einer der beiden Durchgangsöffnungen diese Durchgangsöffnung im Querschnitt verringert, es verbleibt jedoch aufgrund der wenigstens einen weiteren Durchgangsöffnung genügend weiterer Querschnitt, um eine signifikante Nebenluftströmung zu erzielen.In order to ensure that the formation of a measurable secondary air flow are not opposed to large internal resistances, it may be provided in a further preferred structural embodiment of the smoke alarm, instead of only a single second passage opening to provide at least two second through holes, wherein the sensor element to determine the Strength of the secondary air flow in one of the at least two passage openings is arranged. Thus, although the passage in the cross section is reduced by the arrangement of the sensor element, for example, the resistance in one of the two through holes, but due to the at least one further through hole enough further cross section remains to achieve a significant secondary air flow.
Erfindungsgemäß kann es in einer weiteren Ausführung vorgesehen sein, eine Steuervorrichtung im Rauchwarnmelder zu verwenden, die eingerichtet ist, den Ventilator zur Überprüfung der Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen zumindest zeitweise zu bestromen. Dies kann beispielsweise periodisch, insbesondere auch automatisch z.B. durch ein internes Programm innerhalb des Rauchwarnmelders erfolgen.According to the invention it can be provided in a further embodiment, to use a control device in the smoke detector, which is adapted to energize the fan for checking the contamination of the smoke passage openings at least temporarily. This can be done periodically, in particular automatically, e.g. by an internal program within the smoke detector.
In einer anderen Ausführung besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Ausführung eines Tests auf Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnung, d.h. eine Bestromung des Ventilators und Auswertung des Ergebnisses des Sensorelementes getriggert auszuführen, z.B. durch eine externe Anforderung. Eine solche externe Anforderung kann beispielsweise durch Wartungspersonal gegeben werden, welches sich in der Umgebung des Rauchwarnmelders befindet oder aber kann auch beabstandet dazu gegeben werden aus der Ferne, z.B. durch eine Anforderung die per Funk an den Rauchwarnmelder kommuniziert wird, wofür dieser eine entsprechende Funkempfangsvorrichtung aufweisen kann.In another embodiment, it is also possible to carry out the test for fouling of the smoke passage, i. to carry out an energization of the fan and evaluation of the result of the sensor element triggered, e.g. through an external request. Such an external request may be given, for example, by maintenance personnel located in the vicinity of the smoke alarm device, or may also be given at a distance from it remotely, e.g. by a request that is communicated by radio to the smoke detector, for which this may have a corresponding radio receiving device.
Es kann ebenso auch vorgesehen sein, dass ein Rauchwarnmelder eine Kommunikationseinrichtung umfasst, beispielsweise eine die auch den Empfang der vorgenannten Anforderung ermöglicht, mittels der das Ergebnis der Messung von der Stärke des Nebenluftstroms und somit ein Maß für die Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen an eine externe Empfangseinheit meldbar ist, z.B. ein Managementsystem. Eine solche Meldung kann kabelgebunden, besonders bevorzugt jedoch drahtlos per Funk erfolgen.It can also be provided that a smoke detector comprises a communication device, for example, which also allows the reception of the aforementioned requirement, by means of the result of the measurement of the strength of the secondary air flow and thus a measure of the pollution of the smoke passage openings to an external receiving unit is, for example, a management system. Such Message can be wired, but more preferably wirelessly via wireless.
Es besteht so auch jederzeit die Möglichkeit für verantwortliches Personal, beispielsweise die Vermieter von Wohneigentum, eine Überprüfung von Rauchwarnmeldern vorzunehmen, ohne dass diese Personen das Objekt betreten müssen, in welchem ein oder auch mehrere Rauchwarnmelder montiert sind.It is also possible at any time for responsible personnel, for example, the landlord of residential property to make a review of smoke alarms without these people must enter the object in which one or more smoke detectors are mounted.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung des Rauchwarnmelders sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird darin gesehen, wenn der in dem Gehäuse des Rauchwarnmelders vorhandene Ventilator zusätzlich zu seinem Zweck der Überprüfung der Verschmutzung auch genutzt wird, um zumindest zeitweise Umgebungsluft in das Gehäuse einzusaugen, z.B. zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen oder auch um das Ansprechverhalten zu verbessern, insbesondere die Ansprechzeit zu verkürzen.A further advantageous embodiment of the smoke alarm device and the method according to the invention is seen therein, when the present in the housing of the smoke alarm fan is also used in addition to its purpose of checking the contamination to at least temporarily suck ambient air into the housing, e.g. To avoid false alarms or to improve the response, in particular to shorten the response time.
Dementsprechend kann eine Steuervorrichtung eingerichtet sein, dieses Einsaugen zu bewirken, wenn in der Detektionsstrecke eine Detektion stattfindet. Dabei kann vor einer externen Alarmauslösung dieses Einsaugen erfolgen, um zu prüfen, ob es sich nur um eine kurzfristige Detektion handelt, z.B. bei Zigarettenrauch oder einem Insekt oder Staub/Aerosol etc. oder ob weiterhin Rauch nachfolgt.Accordingly, a control device may be configured to cause this suction when detection takes place in the detection path. In this case, before an external alarm triggering this sucking done to check whether it is only a short-term detection, e.g. with cigarette smoke or an insect or dust / aerosol etc. or whether smoke still follows.
Bei einer solchen Detektion oder zunächst internen Alarmauslösung und nachfolgender Bestromung des Ventilators, wird sodann aktiv Umgebungsluft in den Rauchwarnmelder eingesogen. Im Fall eines Insektes oder einer lediglich begrenzten Wolke von z.B. Zigarettenqualm, Staub etc., wird demnach der Rauchwarnmelder mit seinem Detektor, z.B. optischen Detektionsstrecke feststellen, dass kein Rauch aufgrund eines Brandherdes vorhanden ist.With such a detection or initially internal alarm triggering and subsequent energization of the fan, ambient air is then actively drawn into the smoke alarm device. In the case of an insect or a merely limited cloud of, for example, cigarette smoke, dust, etc., the smoke detector will detect with its detector, eg optical detection path that no smoke due to a source of fire is present.
Es kann sodann vorgesehen sein, von einer Alarmauslösung, insbesondere externen Alarmauslösung abzusehen und nach Wegfall der Detektion durch den Rauchdetektor den Ventilator wieder abzuschalten. Lediglich in dem Fall wenn auch mit Betrieb des Ventilators und aktivem Einsaugen der Umgebungsluft der Rauchdetektor weiterhin Rauch detektiert, kann es sodann vorgesehen sein auch einen externen Alarm auszulösen z.B. durch ein akustisches Signal und / oder Kommunikation an eine Gefahrenmeldezentrale.It may then be provided to refrain from an alarm triggering, in particular external alarm triggering and switch off the fan again after the detection by the smoke detector. Only in the event that the smoke detector continues to detect smoke, even with fan operation and active intake of ambient air, can it then be provided to also trigger an external alarm, e.g. by an acoustic signal and / or communication to a danger control center.
Um in einem Rauchwarnmelder einen effektiven Gesamtluftstrom und eine günstige Aufteilung in Haupt- und Nebenluftstrom zu erzielen, kann es weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass die erste Durchgangsöffnung in welcher der Ventilator angeordnet ist durch den inneren freien Querschnitt eines zylindrischen Rohrstückes gegeben ist, welches in der Trennwand angeordnet ist und den Ventilator aufnimmt.In order to achieve an effective total air flow and a favorable division into main and secondary air flow in a smoke detector, it may further be provided that the first passage opening in which the fan is arranged is given by the inner free cross section of a cylindrical pipe section, which in the partition is arranged and receives the fan.
Weiterhin kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die erste Durchgangsöffnung und die wenigstens eine zweite Durchgangsöffnung in der Richtung des Durchmessers der Trennwand beabstandet sind, insbesondere bei üblicherweise im Querschnitt kreisförmigen Rauchwarnmeldern. Hierdurch kann ein maximaler Anstand zwischen den beiden Durchgangsöffnungen erzielt werden, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass eine deutliche Aufteilung des Gesamtluftstroms in Haupt und Nebenluftstrom bewirkt wird.Furthermore, provision may be made for the first through-opening and the at least one second through-opening to be spaced in the direction of the diameter of the dividing wall, in particular for smoke detectors, which are usually circular in cross-section. In this way, a maximum decency between the two passage openings can be achieved, which ensures that a clear division of the total air flow in the main and secondary air flow is effected.
In einer weiteren Ausführung kann es vorgesehen sein, den Ventilator einzusetzen, um die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen von Verschmutzungen freizublasen. Dabei wird bevorzugt eine Umdrehungsrichtung des Ventilators gewählt, die bewirkt, dass der Hauptluftstrom aus dem Inneren des Gehäuses durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen nach außen führt, so dass Schmutz aus dem Rauchwarnmelder herausgetragen wird. Dabei kann es vorgesehen sein, den Ventilator schneller rotierend zu betreiben, als dies bei einer Messung der Verschmutzung der Fall ist.In a further embodiment, it may be provided to use the fan to blow the smoke passage openings of dirt. In this case, a direction of rotation of the fan is preferably selected, which causes the main air flow from the interior of the housing through the smoke passage openings leads to the outside, so that dirt is carried out of the smoke alarm. It may be provided to operate the fan faster rotating than is the case with a measurement of pollution.
Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, die Drehrichtung des Ventilators umkehrbar zu gestalten, z.B. durch entsprechende Ansteuerung durch die Steuervorrichtung. Dabei kann eine Messung der Verschmutzung in der einen Drehrichtung und ein Reinigen in der anderen Drehrichtung erfolgen. Auch besteht die Möglichkeit das Vermessen der Verschmutzung bzw. die Drosselung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnung in beiden Drehrichtungen durchzuführen.It may also be provided to make the direction of rotation of the fan reversible, e.g. by appropriate control by the control device. In this case, a measurement of contamination in one direction of rotation and a cleaning in the other direction of rotation can be done. It is also possible to carry out the measurement of contamination or the throttling of the smoke passage opening in both directions of rotation.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Figur dargestellt.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the following figure.
Die
Die
Vorgesehen ist es hier, dass in der Trennwand 3, die hier die Auftrennung zwischen den beiden Kammern 1 und 2 bewirkt, zwei Durchgangsöffnungen vorgesehen sind, nämlich hier eine insbesondere linksseitige Durchgangsöffnung 6 in welcher ein Ventilator 8 angeordnet ist, sowie eine insbesondere rechtseitige Durchgangsöffnung 7 in oder in deren Umgebung ein Sensorelement 9 angeordnet ist. Selbstverständlich ist die links- bzw. rechtsseitige Orientierung der Durchgangsöffnung für das Prinzip der Erfindung irrelevant.It is provided here that two passage openings are provided in the partition 3, which here causes the separation between the two
Wird nun der Ventilator 8 bestromt, was z.B. durch eine im Rauchwarnmelder vorgesehene Steuervorrichtung erfolgen kann, so wird ein Gesamtluftstrom erzeugt der in dieser Ausführung von der Kammer 1 in die Kammer 2 durch die Durchgangsöffnung 6 hindurch erfolgt. Dabei teilt sich dieser Gesamtluftstrom auf in einen Hauptluftstrom H und einen Nebenluftstrom N.If now the
Der Hauptluftstrom H wird gebildet durch Umgebungsluft L, die durch die Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen 4 in die Kammer 1 eingesaugt wird. Durch den Ventilator 8 wird diese Umgebungsluft als ein Teil des Gesamtluftstroms durch die Durchgangsöffnung 6 gefördert und tritt aufgrund der hierdurch bewirkten Druckerhöhung in der Kammer 2 durch die Öffnung 5, die hier als Austrittsöffnung 5 wirkt in dieser Kammer 2 wiederum in Richtung der Umgebung aus. Bei umgekehrter Rotation des Ventilators 8 ist die Strömunsrichtung ebenso umgekehrt und die Öffnung 5 würde als Eintrittsöffnung wirken. Alle folgenden Ausführungen gelten für diese alternative Strömungsrichtung in analoger Weise.The main air flow H is formed by ambient air L, which is sucked through the
Gleichzeitig wird zusätzlich zu dieser externen Hauptluftströmung eine interne Nebenluftströmung bewirkt, bei welcher Luft innerhalb der beiden Kammern 1 und 2 als hier dargestellter Nebenluftstrom N im Kreis befördert wird, wobei dieser Kreis zwischen den beiden Kammern 1 und 2 sowohl durch die Durchgangsöffnung 6, in welcher der Ventilator angeordnet ist, als auch durch die Durchgangsöffnung 7 geschlossen ist. Für die Definition von Haupt- und Nebenluftstrom ist es dabei bei allen möglichen Ausführungen unerheblich, dass sich in der Praxis die Luft von Haupt- und Nebenluftstrom mischt und wieder auftrennt.At the same time in addition to this external main air flow, an internal secondary air flow is effected, in which air is conveyed within the two
Zur Aufrechterhaltung des Gesamtluftstroms, der sich im wesentlichen durch die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Ventilators und die internen Strömungswiderstände ergibt, wird bewirkt, dass bei einer Verringerung des Hauptluftstromes z.B. durch eine Querschnittsverringerung oder Verstopfung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen 4 die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Nebenluftstrom N zunimmt.To maintain the total air flow, which is essentially determined by the speed of rotation of the fan and the internal As a result of flow resistances, the flow velocity in the secondary air flow N is increased when the main air flow is reduced, for example, by a reduction in cross-section or blockage of the
Ein Maß für den Verschmutzungsgrad bzw. die Drosselung der Hauptluftströmung stellt demnach die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Nebenluftstrom N dar, die wie hier dargestellt durch ein Sensorelement 9 ausgemessen werden kann, welches sich in oder in der Umgebung der zweiten Durchgangsöffnung 7 befindet. Wie im allgemeinen Teil beschrieben kann es sich beispielsweise um einen temperaturabhängigen Widerstand handeln, dessen Abkühlverhalten, d.h. dessen Widerstandsänderung mit der Zeit nach einer Aufheizung durch Bestromung ausgemessen werden kann.A measure of the degree of soiling or throttling of the main air flow is accordingly the flow velocity in the secondary air flow N, which, as shown here, can be measured by a
Das so ausgemessene Maß für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, welches ein Maß für die Verschmutzung der Rauchdurchtrittsöffnungen 4 darstellt, kann beispielsweise bei allen möglichen Ausführungen der Erfindung innerhalb eines Rauchwarnmelders gespeichert werden und / oder nach extern z.B. per Funk kommuniziert werden, um eine Prüfung des Rauchwarnmelders auf Funktion und Durchgängigkeit der Rauchgaseintrittsöffnungen dokumentieren zu können.The so measured measure of the flow rate, which is a measure of the pollution of the
Da, wie die
Durch das aktive Einsaugen von Umgebungsluft kann überprüft werden, ob nach einer Detektion von Partikeln, wie beispielsweise Rauchpartikeln in der Detektionsstrecke, durch die eingesaugte Luft noch weitere Partikel nachfolgen und somit mit Sicherheit ein Brand festgestellt oder verneint werden.By actively sucking in ambient air can be checked whether following detection of particles, such as smoke particles in the detection section, followed by the air sucked in more particles and thus certainly detected a fire or denied.
Claims (23)
- Smoke alarm with a housing which has smoke through-openings (4) and comprises a smoke detector and an alarm-signalling device,a. the interior of the housing is subdivided into two chambers (1, 2) by a partition (3),b. the first chamber (1) comprises the smoke through-openings (4) and the second chamber (2) comprises at least one opening (5) which connects the second chamber to the surroundings,
characterized in thatc. a first passage opening (6) and at least one second passage opening (7) is arranged in the partition (3) and each connect the two chambers (1, 2),d. the fan (8) is arranged in the first passage opening (6),e. the fan (8) makes it possible to produce a total air flow through the first passage opening (6) that is split into a main air flow (H) through the smoke through-openings (4), through the first passage opening (6) and the at least one opening (5) in the second chamber, and into a secondary air flow (N) between the chambers (1, 2) through the first and the at least one second passage opening (6, 7), which secondary air flow occurs exclusively within the housing and is conveyed in a circuit,f. the sensor element (9) is provided in or in the region of the at least one second passage opening (7) and makes it possible to measure the intensity of the secondary air flow (N) that is dependent on the degree of throttling of the smoke through-openings (4). - Smoke alarm according to Claim 1, wherein the sensor element (9) is designed for measuring the flow rate and/or for measuring the differential pressure.
- Smoke alarm according to Claim 2, wherein the sensor element is configured to measure the temperature variation of a heated means which cools in the secondary air flow, in particular wherein this means is formed by the sensor itself, the flowing secondary air or a separate element.
- Smoke alarm according to Claim 2 or 3, wherein the sensor element is designed as a temperature-dependent resistor, in particular with a negative temperature coefficient or as an air flow-actuated rotor.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, for the purpose of measuring a flow rate, the sensor element can be heated by means of a flow of current through the sensor element, or a device for heating the air flow or for heating the sensor is provided, wherein a measurement variable correlated with the flow rate can be provided by the sensor element from the measured temperature variation during cooling.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device is configured, after heating, before measuring the cooling behaviour, to wait for a period in which the cooling behaviour is dominated by heat radiation.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device is configured, after switching on the fan and before heating, before measuring the cooling behaviour, to wait for a period in which a uniform temperature throughout the smoke alarm is obtained.
- Smoke alarm according to Claim 7, wherein the measuring device is configured to stop the fan before heating and to start it again after heating.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two second passage openings (7) are provided and the sensor element (9) is arranged in one of the at least two second passage openings.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a control device is provided which is configured to energize the fan (8) in order to test for contamination of the smoke through-openings (4), in particular automatically in a temporary manner or triggered by an external demand.
- Smoke alarm according to Claim 10, wherein the control device is furthermore configured to at least periodically energize the fan (8) in order to avoid erroneous alarms and thus to actively suck ambient air into the smoke alarm.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a communication device by means of which the result of the measurement of the intensity of the secondary air flow (N) can be messaged to an external receiving unit, in particular a management system, in particularly wirelessly by radio.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the assessment of the result of the measurement of the secondary air flow (N) takes place within the device and a message can be output by the device if required.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first passage opening (6) is provided by the inner free cross section of a cylindrical pipe section which is arranged in the partition (3) and receives the fan (8) in its interior.
- Smoke alarm according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first passage opening (6) and the at least one second passage opening (7) are spaced apart in the direction of the diameter of the partition (3).
- Method for testing for contamination of smoke through-openings (4) of a smoke alarm having a housing, wherein a total air flow is at least periodically produced in the interior of the housing by a fan (8) which is arranged in one of two passage openings of a partition between two chambers (1, 2) of the housing, which total air flow is split by selected air channelling into a main air flow (H) which is channelled through the smoke through-openings and into a secondary air flow (N) which is conveyed in a circuit exclusively within the housing between the two chambers (1, 2), wherein the intensity of the secondary air flow (N) is measured as a degree of the throttling produced by the smoke through-openings.
- Method according to Claim 16, wherein the main air flow enters the housing from outside through the smoke through-openings (4) and exits the housing through at least one outlet opening (5).
- Method according to Claim 17, wherein the air channelling is determined by a partition (3), by means of which the interior of the housing is subdivided into two chambers (1, 2), and a first passage opening (6) in the partition, in which the fan is arranged, and at least one second passage opening (7) in the partition (3) which, just like the first one (6), connects the two chambers (1, 2).
- Method according to either of the preceding Claims 17 and 18, wherein the intensity of the secondary air flow (N) is measured by measuring the cooling behaviour of the air heated in the smoke alarm and/or the cooling behaviour of a heated element used for measurement, in particular of the sensor itself.
- Method according to one of the preceding Claims 16 to 19, wherein the intensity of the secondary air flow (N) is measured by measuring the rotational speed of a rotor actuated by the secondary air flow or by measuring the differential pressure between the chambers (1, 2).
- Method according to one of the preceding Claims 16 to 20, wherein, in addition to its purpose of testing for contamination, the fan is also used to at least periodically suck ambient air into the housing in order to improve the response behaviour or to avoid erroneous alarms.
- Method according to one of the preceding Claims 16 to 21, wherein a reversal of direction of rotation of the fan is produced, in particular in order to blow air to the outside through the smoke through-openings and to free the smoke inlet openings of any contamination.
- Method according to one of the preceding Claims 16 to 22, wherein the fan, in particular after a reversal of direction of rotation, is operated to rotate more quickly than when carrying out the measurement in order to remove contamination from the smoke through-openings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009031099A DE102009031099A1 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2009-06-29 | Smoke alarm device and method for checking the contamination of smoke openings |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2270762A2 EP2270762A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| EP2270762A3 EP2270762A3 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| EP2270762B1 true EP2270762B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10004157.3A Active EP2270762B1 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2010-04-20 | Smoke alarm and method for testing whether the smoke openings are contaminated |
Country Status (4)
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| US (1) | US8294587B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2270762B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009031099A1 (en) |
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| WO2024079510A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Bosch Security Systems - Sistemas De Segurança, S.A | Method and smoke detector arranged to identify when obstructed in an ambient |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK2270762T3 (en) | 2018-06-18 |
| EP2270762A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| US8294587B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
| US20100328082A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| EP2270762A3 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| DE102009031099A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
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