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EP1746381B1 - Dispositif et méthode de protection contre des missiles et ustilisation d'un dispositif laser - Google Patents

Dispositif et méthode de protection contre des missiles et ustilisation d'un dispositif laser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1746381B1
EP1746381B1 EP06116303A EP06116303A EP1746381B1 EP 1746381 B1 EP1746381 B1 EP 1746381B1 EP 06116303 A EP06116303 A EP 06116303A EP 06116303 A EP06116303 A EP 06116303A EP 1746381 B1 EP1746381 B1 EP 1746381B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma
laser device
laser
defensive
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06116303A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1746381A1 (fr
EP1746381B8 (fr
Inventor
Willy Bohn
Hans-Albert Eckel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Publication of EP1746381A1 publication Critical patent/EP1746381A1/fr
Publication of EP1746381B1 publication Critical patent/EP1746381B1/fr
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Publication of EP1746381B8 publication Critical patent/EP1746381B8/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a defense device against missiles with on electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, responsive target detection.
  • the invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection.
  • Missiles such as missile-equipped missiles or smart ammunition, may include target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, and particularly infrared radiation, and may thereby find their target, such as an aircraft.
  • the infrared radiation to which the target detection responds for example, delivered by engines of the aircraft.
  • a method of deflecting a projectile from an initial trajectory wherein the projectile has a first surface area and a second surface area and moves through a gaseous atmosphere with surrounding plasma sheath.
  • Electromagnetic radiation is directed to the projectile, with the electromagnetic radiation having a frequency that passes through the plasma sheath is absorbed to a significant degree but is not absorbed by the gaseous atmosphere.
  • From the DE 41 07 533 A1 is a method for protecting aircraft from missiles with UV homing heads known in which the aircraft are at least temporarily provided with a UV-emitting radiation source.
  • From the EP 0 240 819 A2 is a method for deflecting guided by radar and / or infrared radiation missiles are known, are ignited in or before the target area of the missile-generating projectile throwing body.
  • a laser is known, in particular, for projectile and / or target tracking and for illumination purposes, in which a pyrotechnic flare is provided as a pump light source.
  • the WO 2005/026650 A2 discloses a missile defense device having target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation, particularly infrared radiation, in which a plasma cloud is generated locally in air.
  • a plasma generating device which has a laser device, wherein by means of the laser device in air at a distance from the plasma generating means one or more plasma clouds can be generated.
  • a plasma can be generated locally if the plasma breakthrough threshold of air is exceeded, that is, if at a location in the air so high field strengths prevail that the plasma breakthrough takes place.
  • the plasma formation is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the plasma recombination leads to radiation, inter alia in the infrared range.
  • the missile with target detection which responds to electromagnetic waves, can respond to the radiation and the target detection, the missile is directed in the direction of the location of the plasma formation. In turn, it can be distracted by an object to be protected, such as an airplane.
  • the plasma formation in air can be a target deception in the target detection of the missile perform. This allows, for example, to protect flying objects such as airplanes or even room areas around an airport.
  • the missiles with electro-optical target detection are defined "targets" provided to secure objects to be protected.
  • plasmas in air can be laser-induced.
  • Ultrashort light pulses enable the plasma breakthrough threshold in air to be achieved. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses in the atmosphere, the induced Kerr effect leads to a self-focusing of a laser beam. For this self-focusing no telescope is necessary, but it suffices a "normal" optics. It is thereby possible to position the corresponding laser device at a large distance (which may be 10 km or more) from the location of the plasma breakdown, that is, the plasma breakdown can be effected at a great distance to the laser device by the self-focusing.
  • one or more plasma clouds can be generated in air by plasma breakthrough by the plasma generating device comprising a laser device.
  • These generated plasma clouds are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, to which the target detection of a missile can react.
  • the plasma formation has a defocusing effect on the laser beam.
  • a self-focusing can take place. It can then form a series of plasma clouds. It can also occur a filamentation, in which a plasma breakthrough takes place in filaments between plasma clouds.
  • the plasma generating device comprises at least one laser device, by means of which light pulses can be emitted.
  • a high intensity (field strength) can be achieved, which can lead to the plasma breakthrough.
  • light pulses can be controlled with respect to their pulse shaping in such a way that the plasma breakdown takes place at a distance from the laser device.
  • light pulses in the subpicosecond range can be emitted by the at least one laser device and can be emitted, in particular in the femtosecond range.
  • Self-focusing in air occurs due to the induced Kerr effect in such short light pulses, and a high field strength can be achieved, which can lead to plasma breakthrough. There is no need for a telescope to focus on the location of the plasma breakthrough.
  • a self-focusing of the laser emission takes place in air. Due to the non-linear propagation of ultrashort light pulses during passage through the atmosphere it comes to the induced Kerr effect. This in turn leads to a self-focusing of the laser emission, without a telescope for focusing is necessary.
  • the plasma breakthrough may occur.
  • the plasma in turn leads to a defocusing of the laser beam.
  • the light can spread further and then again a self-focusing can occur.
  • a series of plasma clouds plasma clouds (plasma spheres) can be formed until the energy of the propagating light is no longer sufficient to produce a plasma breakthrough. At least the location of the first plasma breakthrough is approximately adjustable. It may also happen that form filaments (which have a diameter in the order of 100 microns). These form in particular along the laser beam between plasma clouds.
  • the laser device is operated by the method of Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA).
  • CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification
  • a short pulse is stretched to lower the peak power.
  • the stretched pulse is amplified and the stretch is reversed by a compressor.
  • the stretching and compression can be done for example via optical gratings. It is possible to set the location of a self-focusing at a distance from the laser device. This can be done by phasing especially on the compressor.
  • the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the laser device is different (it is for example at higher wavelengths) to the wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation to which the target detection responds.
  • the target illusion occurs via the radiation as accompanying process of the plasma formation.
  • a laser device can be targeted plasma clouds set, which are accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the target detection of a missile can respond.
  • the plasma also UV-light is radiated, so that a "deception" of UV-sensors is possible in principle.
  • the laser device for generating light pulses operates in a single-mode mode or in a repetition mode in which a pulse train with a plurality of pulses (two pulses, three pulses or more) with a short distance, for example may be of the order of 100 ⁇ s. Operation in the repetition mode may facilitate the plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere.
  • the location of the plasma generation is at least approximately adjustable.
  • the distance of the location of the plasma generation from a laser device is adjustable.
  • the location of the plasma generation in the room can then be set at least approximately, and this in turn can protect a certain area of space.
  • the defense device is stationarily positioned.
  • it is arranged on the ground. It can serve to protect an airport.
  • a mobile positioning for example, a mobile object (on which the positioning is provided) can be protected like a flying object.
  • Mobile positioning for example on the ground, is also possible in order to be able to vary a spatial region in which plasma clouds are generated.
  • the defense device is arranged on a flying object such as an aircraft (outside or inside the flying object) in order to be able to protect it against attacking missiles.
  • the invention further relates to a method for defense against missiles, which have a responsive to electromagnetic radiation, in particular infrared radiation, target detection, which is carried out in a simple manner.
  • This object is achieved in that one or more plasma clouds are generated in air by means of a laser device, wherein the plasma cloud or plasma clouds spaced from the laser device are generated.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the defense device according to the invention.
  • the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are generated at a distance from a plasma generating device.
  • effective protection against missiles can be achieved.
  • the plasma generation is performed at a distance of at least 50 m to the plasma generating device.
  • an appropriate area and also the plasma generating device itself can be effectively protected.
  • the plasma cloud or plasma clouds are formed in a region in which a self-focusing of the light pulses takes place.
  • Such self-focusing can be achieved for subpicosecond light pulses due to their non-linear propagation in the atmosphere. Due to the self-focusing, no telescope or the like is needed to achieve a plasma breakthrough in the atmosphere at a distance from the plasma generating device.
  • subpicosecond light pulses are emitted by the plasma generating device, which lead to plasma formation in air.
  • Subpicosecond light pulses can achieve field strengths that lead to plasma breakthrough in air.
  • the subpicosecond light pulses are generated by a laser device.
  • light pulses can be generated with such a high intensity that plasma breakdown occurs in the atmosphere.
  • the location of the plasma breakthrough can be set at least approximately.
  • phase adjustment is performed in the laser device that a plasma breakthrough takes place in the air at a predetermined distance from the laser device.
  • phase adjustment in the laser device for example on a compressor of a pulse shaping device
  • different transit times of light of different wavelengths can be used to achieve self-focusing at a specific distance from the laser device.
  • the laser device is operated according to the method of chirped pulse amplification.
  • a laser device with a subpicosecond laser for plasma generation in air is used for defense against missiles with target detection responsive to electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a defense device according to the invention is in FIG. 1 shown and designated there with 10. It serves as a defense against Missiles 12 such as missiles (with warhead) or smart ammunition, which has a target detection means 14 which responds to electromagnetic radiation.
  • a target detection device 14 includes, for example, one or more optoelectronic sensors which detect electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared radiation.
  • the trajectory of the missile 12 is controlled during flight via the target detector 14 so that it follows the source of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a source of infrared radiation is an aircraft engine.
  • the defense device 10 comprises a plasma generation device 16 with a laser device 18.
  • the laser device 18 is an ultrashort pulse laser device; They emit light pulses in the subpicosecond range and in particular in the femtosecond range.
  • the laser device 18 comprises an oscillator 20 and a pulse shaping device 22.
  • the plasma breakthrough can be generated for example at a distance of about 10 m to a distance of several kilometers. This area is adjustable.
  • a plasma cloud (plasma ball) is formed.
  • the plasma has a defocusing effect on the light.
  • the further light propagation of the self-focusing effect can be effective again and at a distance to the first formed plasma cloud may form another plasma cloud, etc. It may be a series of Plasma clouds form, until the intensity of the propagating light pulse is no longer sufficient to exceed the plasma breakthrough threshold in air.
  • the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 can respond to these electromagnetic radiation; the radiation emission of the plasma cloud 30 (in particular of the collapsing plasma) simulates the presence of a radiating object to the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 and the missile 12 is guided by the target detection device 14 to the plasma cloud 30. It is done via the through the plasma generating device 16 generated plasma cloud 30 a target deception for the missile 12th
  • the wavelength range of the light pulses emitted by the laser device 18 may be outside the wavelength range to which the target detection device 14 of the missile 12 responds.
  • laser pulses are emitted in a wavelength range around 800 nm, that is to say in the short-wave infrared range.
  • a defense device 32 is mounted on a flying object such as an aircraft 34 with engines 35.
  • the defense device 32 has a plasma generating device 36, which is basically constructed as described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • One or more plasma clouds can be generated by the plasma generation device 36 at a distance to the flying object 34, whereby a missile 40 (such as a rocket or intelligent ammunition) with target detection can react to the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the plasma cloud 38 and thereby can be distracted by the flying object 34.
  • An oscillator 42 outputs a short pulse 44.
  • this short pulse is stretched in time to lower the peak power (pulse 46).
  • the stretched pulse 46 is amplified.
  • the resulting pulse 50 is long compared to the pulse 44.
  • the stretch is then reversed by a compressor 52 such that the resulting high intensity light pulse 28 (which may be on the order of 10 13 W / cm 2 ) is provided outside the plasma generator 16.
  • the compressor 52 By the compressor 52, the original shape of the short pulse 44 is restored.
  • self-focusing can be effected by a phase adjustment in the laser device 18 in an at least approximately defined distance from the laser device 18.
  • the straightener 45 can be realized for example via an optical grating.
  • the compressor 52 can be realized via an optical grating.
  • red and blue portions of an incoming pulse 44 and 50 can bend in different directions.
  • the compressor 52 is designed such that a phase adjustment takes place via the optical gratings, so that the self-focusing, which leads to the plasma breakthrough in air, occurs at a defined location at a distance from the laser device 18.
  • a laser device 18 with a subpicosecond laser is used to deceive missiles 12 and 40 with opto-electronic target detection by generating in plasma a plasma which is accompanied by the emission of electromagnetic radiation, in particular recombination radiation.
  • the defense device according to the invention can be used stationary or mobile. It can be used to generate plasma in a defined spatial area. This also allows a defined area of space to be protected. In particular, the space in which the plasma is generated is selected at a sufficiently great distance from an area to be protected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Dispositif de protection contre des missiles (12; 40) avec une acquisition d'objectif (14) réagissant au rayonnement électromagnétique, en particulier au rayonnement infrarouge, comprenant un dispositif de génération de plasma (16) présentant un dispositif laser (18), un ou plusieurs nuages de plasma pouvant être générés dans l'air à l'aide du dispositif laser (18) à une distance du dispositif de génération de plasma (16).
  2. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, grâce au dispositif de génération de plasma (16), il est possible de générer une décharge de plasma dans l'air à une distance du dispositif de génération de plasma (16).
  3. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est possible de générer des impulsions lumineuses grâce au dispositif laser (18).
  4. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions lumineuses dans la plage des sous-picosecondes peuvent être émises grâce à cet au moins un dispositif laser (18).
  5. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une autofocalisation de l'émission laser dans l'atmosphère est réalisée.
  6. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif laser (18) fonctionne selon le principe de l'amplification par dérive de fréquence (Chirped-Pulse-Amplification).
  7. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la plage des longueurs d'onde du rayonnement électromagnétique émis par le dispositif laser (18) est différente de la plage des longueurs d'onde du rayonnement électromagnétique faisant réagir l'acquisition d'objectif (14).
  8. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la plage des longueurs d'onde du rayonnement électromagnétique émis par le dispositif laser (18) présente des longueurs d'onde plus grandes que la plage des longueurs d'onde faisant réagir l'acquisition d'objectif (14).
  9. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions lumineuses peuvent être émises selon un mode répétitif.
  10. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le lieu de la génération de plasma peut être réglé au moins de manière approximative.
  11. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un positionnement stationnaire.
  12. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un positionnement mobile.
  13. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un positionnement au sol.
  14. Dispositif de protection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par un positionnement sur un objet volant (34).
  15. Procédé de protection contre des missiles, présentant une acquisition d'objectif réagissant au rayonnement électromagnétique, en particulier au rayonnement infrarouge, dans le cadre duquel un ou plusieurs nuages de plasma sont générés dans l'air à l'aide d'un dispositif laser (18), le nuage de plasma ou les nuages de plasma étant générés à distance du dispositif laser (18).
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'on provoque une décharge de plasma dans l'air à distance du dispositif laser (18).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que la génération du plasma s'effectue à une distance de 50 m au moins par rapport au dispositif laser (18).
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le nuage de plasma ou les nuages de plasma sont générés loin d'une zone à protéger.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 20, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions lumineuses de l'ordre des sous-picosecondes sont émises par le dispositif laser (18), lesquelles produisent la formation du plasma dans l'atmosphère.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que le nuage de plasma ou les nuages de plasma sont formés dans une zone dans laquelle une autofocalisation des impulsions lumineuses est réalisée.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 19 ou 20, caractérisé en ce qu'une égalisation de phase est réalisée pour le dispositif laser de manière à réaliser dans l'air une décharge de plasma à une distance prédéterminée par rapport au dispositif laser.
  22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif laser fonctionne selon le procédé de l'amplification par dérive de fréquence (Chirped-Pulse-Amplification).
  23. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 19 à 22, caractérisé en ce que des impulsions lumineuses multiples sont émises.
  24. Utilisation d'un dispositif laser avec un laser impulsionnel de l'ordre des sous-picosecondes pour la génération de plasma dans l'air pour la protection contre des missiles avec une acquisition d'objectif réagissant au rayonnement électromagnétique.
EP06116303A 2005-07-18 2006-06-29 Dispositif et méthode de protection contre des missiles et ustilisation d'un dispositif laser Not-in-force EP1746381B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005034613A DE102005034613B3 (de) 2005-07-18 2005-07-18 Abwehrvorrichtung gegen Flugkörper, Verfahren zur Abwehr gegen Flugkörper und Verwendung einer Laservorrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1746381A1 EP1746381A1 (fr) 2007-01-24
EP1746381B1 true EP1746381B1 (fr) 2010-07-07
EP1746381B8 EP1746381B8 (fr) 2010-09-01

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EP06116303A Not-in-force EP1746381B8 (fr) 2005-07-18 2006-06-29 Dispositif et méthode de protection contre des missiles et ustilisation d'un dispositif laser

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EP (1) EP1746381B8 (fr)
AT (1) ATE473414T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005034613B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014035365A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 Jh Quantum Technology, Inc. Système et procédé de génération de plasma
JP6376408B2 (ja) * 2015-06-30 2018-08-22 三菱重工業株式会社 電磁パルス防護方法及び電磁パルス防護システム
JP6376407B2 (ja) 2015-06-30 2018-08-22 三菱重工業株式会社 電磁パルス照射方法及び電磁パルス照射システム
DE102022130560B4 (de) * 2022-11-18 2026-01-29 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abwehr von Luftfahrzeugen, insbesondere von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen

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DE2744401C2 (de) * 1977-10-03 1984-04-12 Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg Geschoß mit Laser zur Erzeugung mindestens eines vom Geschoß ausgehenden Strahlungsbündels
DE3612183A1 (de) * 1986-04-11 1987-10-22 Wegmann & Co Verfahren zur ablenkung von durch radar- und/oder infrarotstrahlung gelenkten flugkoerpern, insbesondere zum schutz von seeschiffen und schiffsverbaenden sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE4107533A1 (de) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-10 Buck Chem Tech Werke Verfahren zum schutz von luftfahrzeugen vor flugkoerpern mit uv-zielsuchkoepfen
US5175664A (en) * 1991-12-05 1992-12-29 Diels Jean Claude Discharge of lightning with ultrashort laser pulses
US5726855A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-03-10 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Apparatus and method for enabling the creation of multiple extended conduction paths in the atmosphere
US6782790B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-08-31 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Method for deflecting fast projectiles
US6977598B2 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-12-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Aircraft protection system and method
DE102004007405A1 (de) * 2003-03-28 2004-10-07 Applied Photonics Worldwide, Inc., Reno Mobiles Terawatt-Femtosekunden-Laser-System (MTFLS) zur langreichweitigen Abtastung und zum spektroskopischen Nachweis von Bioaerosolen und chemischen Stoffen in der Atmosphäre
EP1673585A2 (fr) 2003-09-15 2006-06-28 Gamma KDG Systems SA Dispositif d'emission de rayons ultraviolets et infrarouges de fusee eclairante au plasma

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Publication number Publication date
ATE473414T1 (de) 2010-07-15
EP1746381A1 (fr) 2007-01-24
DE502006007357D1 (de) 2010-08-19
DE102005034613B3 (de) 2007-03-29
EP1746381B8 (fr) 2010-09-01

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