EP1669211B1 - Printing unit of a printing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Blanket located on the outer surface of a roller, e.g. a printing unit roller, consists of an elastic and or compressible layer with a surface pressure that is defined by the degree of an impression. The layer is designed so that the dependency of the surface pressure on the impression force has a gradient of less than 700 Ncm -> 2> mm -> 1>. The invention also relates to a corresponding roller arrangement and printer mechanism.

Description

The invention relates to a printing unit of a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1.

By the DE 691 07 317 T2 a printing blanket is known which consists of several layers and in extreme cases has a total thickness of 0.55 to 3.65 mm. The modulus of elasticity of cellular rubber sheets is between 0.2 and 50 MPa and between 0.1 and 25 MPa. The special structure of the blanket and the properties of the layers a blanket is achieved, which, when pressed together, does not tend to lateral displacement or protuberance.

The DE 19 40 852 A1 discloses a printing blanket for offset printing which has a total thickness of approximately 1.9 mm. A shear modulus as stress at 0.25 mm deformation is given at approximately 4.6, 1.9 and 8.23 kg / cm ² in the case of a thickness of the printing blanket. The goal here is to achieve a rapid recovery after a depression and a narrow thickness tolerance.

CH 426 903 discloses an offset printing blanket, with usual indentation depths of 0 to 0.1 mm being present. An increase in the indentation from 0.05 to 0.1 mm requires or has a consequence in the surface pressure of about 20.6 N / cm ² . That is, in this area for the indentation depth and surface pressures of up to about 40 N / cm ^{2, there} would be a linearized spring characteristic "with a slope of about 412 N / cm ² / mm.

The WO 01/39974 A2 discloses printing units with two together in anstelllage acting cylinders, wherein a forme cylinder in the region of its lateral surface an opening of an axially extending channel for fixing an end of one or more printing plates and a cooperating with the forme cylinder in a contact zone transfer cylinder in the region of its lateral surface has an elastic blanket.

The post-published with respect to the first priority application EP 1 208 997 A1 discloses a printing blanket for offset printing applications, preferably for surface-structured and in particular deformation-endangered materials such as corrugated cardboard whose elastically compressible layer has such a dependence of the surface pressure on the indentation that a surface pressure of 1350 kPa has a depression of 0.45 to 0, 9 mm causes.

For the transfer of color or other fluids between two rolls of a printing press, z. B. in the inking and / or dampening unit, and in particular in the offset process between printing cylinders, resorted to hard-soft regularly on the combination of materials. The surface pressure required for the ink transfer is achieved by pressing a yielding, z. B. elastomeric layer (soft elastomeric cover / elevator, blanket, metal blanket, sleeve) on a cooperating roller with largely incompressible and non-elastic surface area achieved.

For the uniform transition of the fluid is a given in narrow ranges of contact force and their constancy is an essential criterion. Now occur fluctuations in the distance of the cooperating rollers, z. B. by imbalance or by disturbances in the unwinding of the rolls induced vibrations, so the contact pressure (surface pressure) and thus the transfer behavior for the fluid changes. At points interrupted or reduced contact, eg on the plate or blanket clamping channel, thus reducing, for example, periodically the surface pressure resulting in a vibration excitation of the printing cylinder results. In the field of printing technology, this is expressed by changes in the color intensity in the printed image. If, for example, the contact force has changed permanently due to external conditions (long-wave interference), there is a risk of becoming too pale or too pale color intensive printed product until the time of a correction (waste). If the contact force changes dynamically due to oscillations (short-wave interference), this manifests itself in the formation of visible stripes in the printed product.

The invention has for its object to provide a printing unit of a printing press.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The achievable with the present invention consist in particular that a lower sensitivity to changes or fluctuations in the contact force (surface pressure) is achieved, and thus a high quality of the printed product is easier to achieve and can be maintained. Special lifts, an optimized design of the cylinders and their arrangement, the influence of the cylinder movements can be reduced to the color transfer. In a particularly favorable embodiment with narrow points interrupted or reduced contact the vibration excitation itself is also reduced.

The transfer of the fluid is influenced by the execution of the elevator and / or the arrangement of the rollers to each other considerably less by vibrations. The same applies z. B. also for induced by process changes disturbances (speed, changing material thickness of a web, hiring / stopping other rollers), for distance deviations due to inaccuracies in the delivery (stops, finite rigidity, manufacturing tolerances) and changes in the lift strength due to wear (long-wave) and / or incomplete recovery after passing through the nip (shortwave or longwave).

This is achieved, in particular, by the elevator being designed in such a way or the roller being designed with a corresponding elevator that a dependence of the resulting surface pressure on variation of the indentation is considerably flatter than usual. A spring characteristic, ie a slope in the dependence of the surface pressure of the indentation is at least in an advantageous range for the indentation in pressure-on position highest 700 (N / cm ² ) / mm.

An advantageous range of relative indentation of the elevator in the operating state (pressure on position) is z. Between 5% and 10%. In particular, however, depending on the nature of the two rollers acting together different areas for the relative indentation are preferred in order to achieve optimum results in terms of the required transition of the fluid with the least possible influence of fluctuations.

The surface pressure varies in pressure-on position in an advantageous embodiment highest in a range between 60 and 220 N / cm ² , or different sub-ranges for fluids, eg. As printing inks, with greatly different rheological properties and / or different printing processes. Especially in these areas or partial areas, the curve should fulfill the condition on the slope.

The width of the contact zone formed by the pressing of the rollers in the Nipp has hitherto i. d. R. kept as small as possible. A widened nip point brings a higher line force and thus a greater static deflection with it. However, this disadvantage is overcompensated by the elevator according to the invention or the arrangement. A width of the nip is z. B. in an advantageous embodiment at least 10 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 12 mm. This can be achieved a favorable surface pressure.

In the event that a vibration caused by a disturbance, for. B. an interruption, is induced on one of the lateral surfaces of directly or via a web acting together rollers, the excitation of this vibration or its amplitude can be reduced by the execution of the elevator and / or the arrangement of the rollers to each other. This applies in particular to an embodiment, wherein a width of the interruption in the circumferential direction is at most in the ratio 1: 3 to the width of the nip (impression strip) resulting from the pressing.

In general, the elevator or the layer allows the use of slimmer or even longer pressure cylinders, ie a length of the cylinders which is large in relation to the diameter.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of the line force between two rollers using a conventional elevator;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the line force between two rollers using a lift according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a measured surface pressure with variation of the insertion;

Fig. 4

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 5

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 6

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 7

Exemplary embodiment of a printing unit;

Fig. 8

a schematic representation of a lift with carrier layer.

A work machine, z. B. a printing press, has rolling rollers 01 rolling against each other; 02, which in the region of their touch a nip 03, z. B. a nip 03, form. In the case of the printing press, rolls 01; 02 an inking unit, a coating unit, or cylinder 01; 02 be a printing unit. Im in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment, the cylinder 01; 02 a forme cylinder 01 with a effective diameter D _wPZ and a transfer cylinder 02 of an offset printing unit. One of the cylinders 01; 02, z. As the transfer cylinder 02, has on the lateral surface of a substantially incompressible, non-elastic core 04 with a diameter D _GZK an elevator 05 or coating 05 with a soft, elastomeric layer 06 of a thickness t. A total thickness T of the elevator 05 is z. B. from the thickness t of the layer 06 and a thickness of an optionally associated with the layer 06 is substantially incompressible, inelastic carrier layer 10, for example, a metal plate, (by way of example in Fig. 8 shown) together. If the elevator 05 has no additional carrier layer 10, then the thickness t corresponds to the total thickness T. The layer 06 can be constructed as an inhomogeneous layer 06 of multiple layers, which in total have the required property for the layer 06. Core 04 and elevator 05 or coating 05 together form an effective diameter D _{wGZ of} the transfer _cylinder 02. The effective diameter D _{wPZ is} determined by the effective for rolling lateral surface of the forme cylinder 01 and optionally includes an applied on the outer surface of a main body 07 elevator 08, z. B. a printing plate 08. The cylinder 01 hard surface can also be designed as acting together with the transfer cylinder 02 impression cylinder 01. However, the embodiment of the layer 06 set forth below is not dependent on the design of the rollers 01; 02 as a transfer and forme cylinder 01; 02 or bound to the execution with a printing plate 08.

Depending on the provision of the two cylinders 01; 02, ie whose center distance A, _" dips" the largely incompressible, non-elastic outer surface of the forme cylinder 01 in the soft layer 06 and causes the undisturbed course of the layer 06 a depression S. Due to the restoring forces leads a fluctuating or changing depression S id R to a fluctuating or changing surface pressure P in the nip 03 and causes the above-mentioned problems in the quality of ink transfer and ultimately in the printed product.

In Fig. 1 schematically a profile for a surface pressure P in the nip of the two rollers 01 and 02 is shown. The surface pressure P extends over the entire area of the contact zone, wherein it reaches a maximum surface pressure P _max at standstill at the level of a connecting plane V of the axes of rotation. This shifts in production to the incoming gap side due to the viscous force component. In projection onto a plane E perpendicular to the connection plane V, the contact zone and thus the profile has a width B. The maximum surface pressure P _max is ultimately responsible for the color transfer and adjust accordingly.

Compared to Fig. 1 shows Fig. 2 schematically the profile of the surface pressure P for the case of a larger indentation S, which simultaneously causes a broadening of the width B. If, nevertheless, the maximum surface pressure _{Pmax be} achieved, the integration of the surface pressure P over the entire width B leads to an increase in a force between the two rollers 01; 02.

The absolute height of the surface pressure P in the nip 03 and their variation in the variation of the indentation S is largely determined by a spring characteristic of the layer 06 or the elevator 05 used with the layer 06. The spring characteristic represents the surface pressure P as a function of the indentation S. In Fig. 3 By way of example, some spring characteristics of conventional elevators 05, in particular blankets 05 with a corresponding layer 06, are shown. The values are determined on a quasi-static stamp test bench in the laboratory. They are to be transferred in a suitable way to otherwise determined values.

Out Fig. 3 It can be seen that a slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic determines the fluctuation in the surface pressure P when the depression S (for example, when oscillating) changes. In the case of a variation ΔS of the indentation by an average indentation value S, the magnitude of a fluctuation ΔP of the required maximum surface pressure P _max in the nip 03 about the mean surface pressure P is approximately proportional to Slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristics at the point S. For example, in the case of an elevator a ( Fig. 3 ) a reduction of the indentation S from -0.16 mm to -0.14 mm on the surface pressure P by reducing by about 50 N / cm ² , and a reduction of the indentation S from -0.11 mm to -0.09 mm on the surface pressure P by reducing by about 25 N / cm ² off. An elevator b has a lower pitch.

Lifts 05, which as a whole or whose layer 06 as such has a large pitch ΔP / ΔS, in particular in the range of the required maximum surface pressure P _maX in the pressure-relevant area, are referred to below as "hard", those with a small pitch ΔP / ΔS referred to as "soft".

The elevator 05 or the layer 06 is now executed as a "soft" elevator 05 or "soft" layer 06. Compared with a "hard" elevator 05 or a hard layer 06 performs a same relative movements of the rollers 01; 02 (or change in the distance A) thus in a soft elevator 05 to a smaller change in the surface pressure P and thus to a reduction in the fluctuations in the color transfer. The soft elevator 05 thus causes a lower sensitivity of the printing process to vibrations and / or deviations at intervals from a desired value. Due to smaller changes in the surface pressure P due to relative movements of the rollers 01; 02 are z. B. vibration strip in the printed product in soft elevators 05 or 05 with elevators with soft layer 06 visible only at higher vibration amplitudes.

The surface pressure varies in pressure-on position in an advantageous embodiment highest in a range between 60 and 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above-mentioned area for the surface pressure may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset (color and dampening) z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 100 N / cm ² , while in the case of dry offset (no Dampening solution, only paint on form cylinder) z. B. between 100 and 220 N / cm ² , in particular 120 to 180 N / cm ² . Especially in these areas, the slope should meet the condition on the slope.

The pressure-relevant area for the surface pressure P _max is advantageously between 60 and 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above-mentioned area for the surface pressure may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 100 N / cm ² (in Fig. 3 shaded), while in the case of dry offset z. B. between 100 and 220 N / cm ² , in particular from 120 to 180 N / cm ² varies. Thus, in an advantageous embodiment, a soft elevator 05 (or its layer 06) at least in the range of 80 to 100 N / cm ^2, a slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of z. B. ΔP / ΔS <700 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular ΔP / ΔS <500 (N / cm ² ) / mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S should be smaller in the area concerned for the surface pressure P by at least a factor of two than is currently the case for elevators 05 in offset printing.

In an advantageous embodiment, as in Fig. 2 schematically indicated, the layer 06 a greater strength t or the elevator 05 a greater total thickness T than usual on. The thickness t of the functional layer 06 in terms of elasticity or compressibility amounts, for example, to 3.0 to 6.3 mm, in particular 3.7 to 5.7 mm. In addition, if necessary, the strength of one or more u. U. associated with the layer 06, substantially incompressible and inelastic layers on the core 04 side facing, which are connected to the layer 06 for the purpose of dimensional and / or dimensional stability (not shown). This carrier layer 10 or carrier layers 10, which is functionally not functional for the "softness" of the elevator but rather for the dimensional stability, can also be arranged between the "soft" layers. It can, for example, be designed as a metal, in particular stainless steel sheet, about 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick. As a tissue, this can be depending on the design of the elevator 05 from 0.1 to 0.6 mm thick. The specified thickness t of the layer 06 in the case of several layers of layers 06 refers to the sum of the "partial layers" functionally responsible for the above-described characteristic (dependence on surface pressure / indentation) and the elasticity or compressibility. An elevator 05 then has, for example together with carrier layer (s) 10, the total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular 3.9 to 5.9 mm.

The "soft" elevator 05 (or layer 06) is preferably operated with a higher indentation S in comparison to conventional indentations S (shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2 compared to Fig. 1 shown), ie the two rollers 01; 02 are related to their respective effective but undisturbed diameter D _wGZ , D _wPZ further hired. As a result, an optimum maximum surface pressure P _{maX is} achieved despite a smaller pitch .DELTA.P / _.DELTA.S . The employment of the rollers 01; 02 together takes place in an advantageous embodiment such that the indentation S to at least 0.18 mm, z. B. to 0.18 to 0.60 mm, in particular 0.25 to 0.50 mm, amounts.

A relative indentation S *, d. H. the depression on the thickness t of the layer 06 S, z. B. without taking into account the special design of the rollers 01; 02 z. B. between 5% and 10%, but especially between 6% and 8%.

A resulting by indentation S of the layer 06 width B of the contact zone in a projection perpendicular to a joint plane V of their axes of rotation is in an advantageous embodiment at least 5% of the undisturbed effective diameter D _{wGZ of} the roller 02 with 06 layer.

As described above, the design and / or arrangement of the "soft" elevator 05 is particularly advantageous when one of the two co-operating rollers 01; 02 (or both) at least one interference affecting the unwinding 09; 11 has on its effective lateral surface. This disorder 09; 11 can as a break 09; 11 an axially extending shock 09; 11 two ends of one or more elevators 05; 08 be. In particular, the malfunction 09; 11, however, by an axially extending channel 09; 11 for fixing ends of one or more elevators 05; 08 caused. This channel 09; 11 has an opening towards the lateral surface, through which the ends are guided. Inside, the channel 09; 11 a device for clamping and / or tensioning the elevator 05; 08 or the elevators 05; 08 have.

When rolling over the channel 09; 11 and the channels 09; 11 vibrations are excited. Is a width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 seen in the circumferential direction is greater than the width B of the contact zone, so is the passage of the channel 09; 11 excited an oscillation with increased amplitude, since due to the o. G. greater width B of the contact zone a greater line force between the two rollers 01; 02 works. Nevertheless, the increase of the vibration amplitudes due to the higher line force is less than the decrease of the vibration sensitivity by the softness of the layer 06, so that overall a reduction of the sensitivity to vibrations results.

Of particular advantage is the width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 smaller than the width B of the contact zone. In this case, at least always based areas of co-operating lateral surfaces in the contact zone from each other, it also results in a reduction in the height and a flatter course (broadening of the pulse) for the force of the impact excitation. Softer lifts 05 or softer layers 06 thus lead to narrow channels 09 11 to a weakening and a temporal extension of the channel impact.

In the case of the transfer cylinder 02, ends of a metal blanket may be arranged in the channel 11. The layer 06 is in this case on a dimensionally stable support, for. B. a thin metal plate (a plate), applied, the folded ends are arranged in the channel 11. The channel 11 can then be extremely narrow in the circumferential direction, z. B. less than or equal to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm. Also in the case of the forme cylinder 01, the channel 09 in an advantageous embodiment with a width in the circumferential direction is less than or equal to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm.

Conversely, the greater the contact area (impression strip width) than the usual settings, the permissible ratio B09: B or B11: B. Particularly advantageous is an embodiment, wherein the width B09; B11 of the channel 09; 11 in the region of its opening or mouth to the lateral surface of the core 04 or main body 07 in the circumferential direction at most in the ratio 1: 3 to the resultant by the pressing width B of the contact zone (impression strip).

The soft layer 06 preferably has a reduced damping constant compared to commonly used materials, so that no higher flexing heat is generated in spite of the higher loading and unloading speeds occurring due to the higher indentation S during unrolling. Similarly, the layer 06 must be designed such that a sufficiently fast recovery or springing takes place after passing through the nip 03 in the starting position, so that, for example, when in contact with a paint roller or another cylinder already present the output strength.

In 4 and 5 is a configured in an advantageous manner with the layer 06, as a so-called. Double printing unit 12 executed printing unit 12 is shown. The forme cylinder 01 associated transfer cylinder 02 of a first cylinder pair 01; 02 acts on a substrate 13, z. B. a web 13 with a likewise designed as a transfer cylinder 14 impression cylinder 14 together, which is also associated with a forme cylinder 16. All four cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 are mechanically driven independently of each other by means of different drive motors 17 ( Fig. 4 ). In a modification, forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in pairs coupled by a paired drive motor 17 (on the forme cylinder 01, 16, on the transfer cylinder 02, 14 or parallel) driven ( Fig. 5 ).

The form cylinder 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 are in a first embodiment as a cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 double circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially two stationary printed pages, in particular of two newspaper pages executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _{wPZ made} between 260 to 400 mm, in particular 280 to 350 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 14 each have at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 3.9 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstelllage 14 to 25 mm, in particular 17 to 21 mm. This configuration largely minimizes sensitivity to vibration and inexact positioning. The individual drives by the drive motors 17 support this by the mechanical decoupling.

In a second embodiment, not shown, the forme cylinder 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 as a cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 simple circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially a standing pressure side, especially from a newspaper page executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _{wPZ running} between 150 to 190 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each have at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 3.9 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstelllage 10 to 18 mm, in particular 12 to 15 mm.

In a third embodiment, not shown, the forme cylinder 01; 16 as a cylinder 01; 16 simple circumference with effective diameters D _wPZ between 150 to 190 mm, and the transfer _cylinder 02; 14 as a cylinder 02; 14 double circumference with effective diameters D _wGZ between 260 to 400 mm, in particular 280 to 350 mm executed. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 14 each have at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 3.9 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 are set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 in Anstelllage 12 to 20 mm, in particular 15 to 19 mm.

In 6 and 7 a pressure unit 19 is shown, which is either part of a larger printing unit, such. B. a five-cylinder, nine-cylinder or ten-cylinder printing unit is, or is operable as a three-cylinder printing unit 19. The transfer cylinder 02 acts here with a cylinder leading to no ink 18, z. B. a counter-pressure cylinder 18 such as in particular a satellite cylinder 18, together. The "soft" lateral surface of the transfer cylinder 02 now interacts with the "hard" lateral surface of the forme cylinder 01 on one side, and with the "hard" lateral surface of the satellite cylinder 18 on the other side. In one embodiment ( Fig. 6 ) with at least independently driven transmission 02 and satellite cylinder 18, the or more satellite cylinder 18 has its own drive motor 17, while the pair of forming and transfer cylinder 01; 02 mechanically coupled by a common drive motor ( Fig. 6 ), or are mechanically driven independently of each other by a separate drive motor 17 ( Fig. 7 ).

Form cylinder 01, transfer cylinder 02 and satellite cylinder 18 are in a first embodiment of Fig. 6 or 7 as a cylinder 01; 02; 18 double circumference with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _wPZ ; D _{wSZ made} between 260 to 400 mm, especially 280 to 350 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each have at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 3.9 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02 and transfer cylinder 02; and satellite cylinder 18 are each set in pairs in such a way that the width B of the contact zone in Anstelllage each 14 to 25 mm, in particular 17 to 21 mm.

In a second embodiment for Fig. 6 or 7 are form cylinder 01, transfer cylinder 02 and satellite cylinder 18 as cylinder 01; 02; 18 simple circumference, ie with a circumference of substantially a standing pressure side, in particular from a newspaper page executed. They are with effective diameters D _wGZ ; D _wPZ ; D _{wSZ performed} between 120 to 180 mm, in particular 130 to 170 mm. On the lateral surface of the core 04, the transfer cylinder 02; 11 each have at least one elevator 05 a total thickness T of 3.5 to 6.5 mm, in particular from 3.9 to 5.9 mm. The slope .DELTA.P / .DELTA.S of the spring characteristic is at least in the pressure-relevant area (see above) again below 700 (Ncm ² /) mm, in particular below 500 (Ncm ² /) mm. Shaping and transfer cylinder 01; 02 and transfer cylinder 02; and satellite cylinder 18 are each paired in such a position that the width B of the contact zone in Anstelllage each 10 to 18 mm, in particular 12 to 15 mm.

In addition, the changes implied by the greater softness (greater indentation S, changed development behavior, greater strength t or T) must be taken into account in the design of the printing press. A printing press that with soft and stronger elevators 05 or layers 06 works thus has z. B. changed, esp. Enlarged cylinder undercuts (unwinding, cloth thickness) and changed gaps on arrival or shutdown on (cloth thickness, indentation). For this purpose, larger Zylinderverstellwege the pressure-off position (greater indentation) are required.

The aforementioned elevator 05 or the layer 06 is z. B. in a printing unit with one or more long, but slender cylinders 01; 02; 14; 16 arranged.

Thus, the forme cylinder 01; 16 and the transfer cylinder 02; 14 z. B. in the region of their bales each have a length which four or more widths of a printed page, z. B. a newspaper page, z. B. 1100 to 1,800 mm, in particular 1,500 to 1,700 mm corresponds. The diameter D _wGZ ; D _wPZ at least of the _forme cylinder 01; 16 is z. B. 145 to 190 mm, in particular 150 to 185 mm, which corresponds in scope substantially a length of a newspaper page ("single circumference"). Also for other sizes, the device is advantageous in which the ratio between the diameter and length of the cylinder 01, 02; 14; 16; 18 is less than or equal to 0.16, in particular less than 0.12, or even less than or equal to 0.08.

In another embodiment of the printing unit, the length of the bale of the forming and transfer cylinder 01; 02; 14; 16 z. B. 1,850 to 2,400 mm, in particular 1,900 to 2,300 mm and is in the axial direction for receiving z. B. dimensioned at least six juxtaposed standing printed pages in broadsheet format. The diameter of at least the forme cylinder 01; 16 is in a variant z. B. at 260 to 340 mm, in particular 280 to 300 mm, and in another variant z. B. at 290 to 380 mm, in particular at 300 to 370 mm, which corresponds in scope substantially two lengths of a newspaper page ("double circumference"). A ratio of the diameter D _wGZ ; D _wPZ at least of the _forme cylinder 01; 16 to its length here is 0.11 to 0.17, in particular 0.13 to 0.16.

01

Walze, Zylinder, Formzylinder, Gegendruckzylinder

02

Walze, Zylinder, Übertragungszylinder

03

Walzenspalt, Wippstelle

04

Kern

05

Aufzug, Überzug, Drucktuch

06

Schicht

07

Grundkörper

08

Aufzug, Druckform

09

Störung, Kanal

10

Trägerschicht

11

Störung, Kanal

12

Druckeinheit, Doppeldruckwerk

13

Bedruckstoff, Bahn

14

Walze, Zylinder, Übertragungszylinder, Gegendruckzylinder

15

-

16

Walze, Zylinder, Formzylinder

17

Antriebsmotor

18

Walze, Zylinder, Gegendruckzylinder, Satellitenzylinder

19

Druckeinheit, Dreizylinder-Druckeinheit

a

Aufzug

A

Achsabstand

b

Aufzug

B

Breite, Berührungszone

B09

Breite

B11

Breite

D_wGZ

Durchmesser

D_wPZ

Durchmesser

D_wSZ

Durchmesser

E

Ebene

P

Flächenpressung

P_max

Flächenpressung, maximale

t

Stärke (06)

T

Gesamtstärke (05)

S

Eindrückung

S*

Eindrückung, relative

V

Verbindungsebene

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

Roller, cylinder, forme cylinder, impression cylinder

02

Roller, cylinder, transfer cylinder

03

Nip, rocker point

04

core

05

Elevator, cover, blanket

06

layer

07

body

08

Elevator, printing form

09

Fault, channel

10

backing

11

Fault, channel

12

Printing unit, double printing unit

13

Substrate, web

14

Roller, cylinder, transfer cylinder, impression cylinder

15

-

16

Roller, cylinder, forme cylinder

17

drive motor

18

Roller, cylinder, impression cylinder, satellite cylinder

19

Printing unit, three-cylinder printing unit

a

elevator

A

Wheelbase

b

elevator

B

Width, touch zone

B09

width

B11

width

D _wGZ

diameter

D _wPZ

diameter

D _wsz

diameter

e

level

P

surface pressure

P _max

Surface pressure, maximum

t

Strength (06)

T

Overall strength (05)

S

depression

S *

Indentation, relative

V

connecting plane

Claims (35)

1. A printing couple of a printing press with at least two rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) co-operating in the setting-on position, wherein one of the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) is constructed in the form of a transfer cylinder (02; 14) which has a resilient and/or compressible layer (06) in the region of its external face, characterized in that the layer (06) has a dependency of the contact pressure per unit of area (P) upon an impression (S), the inclination (ΔP/ΔS) of which is less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in an operative range for the contact pressure per unit of area of from 80 N/cm² to 100 N/cm².
2. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (02; 14) and the other roller (01; 16; 18) are arranged relative to each other in the setting-on position in such a way that a width (B) - resulting from the impression (S) of the layer (06) - of a contact zone between the two rollers (01; 02) at a right angle to a joining plane (V) of their axes of rotation in the roller gap (03) amounts to at least 10 mm and the contact zone is at least 5 % of a non-disrupted effective diameter (D_wGZ) of the roller (02) with the layer (06).
3. A printing couple according to Claim 2, characterized in that the contact zone has at least a width (B) of 12 mm.
4. A printing couple according to Claim 2, characterized in that the impression (S) amounts to from 0.25 to 0-50 mm.
5. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that a contact zone resulting from the impression (S) of the layer (06) between the two rollers (01; 02) at a right angle to a joining plane (V) of their axes of rotation in the roller gap (03) has at least a width (B) of 10 mm.
6. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roller (01; 16) co-operating with the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is constructed in the form of a forme cylinder (01; 16).
7. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roller (18) co-operating with the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is constructed in the form of a satellite cylinder (18).
8. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the external face of at least one of the two rollers (01; 02; 14; 16) has at least one disruption (09; 11) which influences the rolling.
9. A printing couple according to Claim 8, characterized in that the disruption (09; 11) is formed by an opening of an axially extending channel (09; 11) in order to fasten ends of one or more packings (05; 08).
10. A printing couple according to Claims 5 and 9, characterized in that a width (B09; B11) of the channel (09; 11) in the region of its opening to the external face in the peripheral direction is in the ratio of 1 : 3 at most to the width (B) of the contact zone.
11. A printing couple according to Claim 10, characterized in that the width (B09; B11) of the channel (09; 11) in the region of its opening towards the external face in the peripheral direction amounts to 5 mm at most.
12. A printing couple according to Claim 6, characterized in that the forme cylinder and the transfer cylinder (01; 02; 14; 16) are driven, coupled mechanically, by a common drive motor (17).
13. A printing couple according to Claim 12, characterized in that the forme cylinder and the transfer cylinder (01; 02; 14; 16) are driven, as a pair of cylinders (01; 02; 14; 16), mechanically independently of one or more further pairs of cylinders (01; 02; 14; 16) or a satellite cylinder (18).
14. A printing couple according to Claim 6, characterized in that the forme cylinder and the transfer cylinder (01; 02; 14; 16) are driven, mechanically independently of each other, by a separate drive motor (17) in each case.
15. A printing couple according to Claim 7 or 13, characterized in that the satellite cylinder (18) has a separate drive motor (17) mechanically independent of further cylinders (01; 02; 14; 16).
16. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least the transfer cylinder (02; 14) is constructed with a periphery of substantially two vertical printed pages in the newspaper format.
17. A printing couple according to Claim 1 or 16, characterized in that in the region of their barrels the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) have a length in each case which corresponds to six widths of one printed page in the newspaper format.
18. A printing couple according to Claim 6, characterized in that at least the forme cylinder (01; 16) is constructed with a periphery of substantially one vertical printed page in the newspaper format.
19. A printing couple according to Claim 16 or 18, characterized in that in the region of their barrels the rollers (01; 02; 14; 16; 18) have a length in each case which corresponds to four widths of one printed page in the newspaper format.
20. A printing couple according to Claim 6, characterized in that a ratio between the effective diameter and length at least of the forme cylinder (01; 16) is smaller than or equal to 0-16.
21. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the printing couple is constructed in the form of a printing couple for wet offset printing, and the dependency of the contact pressure per unit of area (P) upon the impression (S) has an inclination (ΔP/ ΔS) of less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in the range of from 80 to 100 N/cm².
22. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the printing couple is constructed in the form of a printing couple for dry offset printing, and the dependency of the contact pressure per unit of area (P) upon the impression (S) has an inclination (ΔP/ΔS) of less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in the range of from 120 to 180 N/cm².
23. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that a width (B) of a contact zone resulting from the impression (S) of the layer (06) between the two rollers (01; 02) in the roller gap (03), as viewed at a right angle to a plane (V) joining its axes of rotation, is greater than a width (B09; B11) of a channel (09; 11) of the co-operating roller (01; 16) in the region of its opening towards the external face in the peripheral direction.
24. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the roller (02; 14) comprising the layer (06) is arranged so as to co-operate during operation with a material to be printed (13) in the form of a web (13).
25. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (06) is constructed in the form of a layer (06) of a detachable packing (05).
26. A printing couple according to Claim 25, characterized in that the packing (05) is constructed in the form of a metallic blanket.
27. A printing couple according to Claim 26, characterized in that the metallic blanket is constructed with a dimensionally stable support layer of metal, in particular sheet metal.
28. A printing couple according to Claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the packing (05) is arranged in the printing couple of a printing press, in particular a newspaper printing press, which prints printed pages in the newspaper format.
29. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that the layer (06) has a dependency of the contact pressure per unit of area (P) upon the impression (S), the inclination (ΔP/ΔS) of which is less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in a range for the impression of from 0.22 to 0-38 mm.
30. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the said inclination (ΔP/ΔS) of less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm, in the case of a contact pressure per unit of area of 100 N/cm² the inclination (ΔP/ΔS) is less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in a common operative range for the contact pressure per unit of area of from 80 to 100 N/cm² when the packing is used in wet offset printing, i.e. ink and dampening agent are added.
31. A printing couple according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the said inclination (ΔP/ΔS) of less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm, in the case of a contact pressure per unit of area of 100 N/cm² the inclination (ΔP/ΔS) is less than 700 (N/cm²) / mm at least in a common operative range for the contact pressure per unit of area of from 120 to 180 N/cm² when the packing is used in dry offset printing, i.e. only the application of ink and no dampening agent.
32. A printing couple according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer (06) has a thickness (t) of at least 3·0 mm.
33. A printing couple according to Claim 25, characterized in that next to the layer (06) the packing (05) has a support layer (10) which is joined to the said layer (06) in a fixed manner and which is substantially dimensionally stable.
34. A printing couple according to Claim 25 or 31, characterized in that the packing (05) has an overall thickness (T) of at least 3·5 mm.
35. A printing couple according to Claim 5, characterized in that the contact zone has at least a width (B) of 12 mm.

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