DE102005048619A1 - Printer unit, has form cylinder forming print position, where damping unit has moist application roller that has soft lining, and cylinders and rollers have breadth for printing of newspaper page at broad sheet size - Google Patents

Abstract

The printer unit has a form cylinder (16) forming a print position with a transfer cylinder (17) and ink form roller (23). The transfer and form cylinders and the roller have different diameters and breadth for printing of a newspaper page of broad sheet size. The transfer cylinder is provided with a printing plate and rubber blank (22), and and/or the ink form roller is provided with a soft lining (26). An independent claim is also included for a method for determining compression strain-stress characteristics of an ink form roller lining or a moist application roller lining.

Description

The The invention relates to a printing unit with a forme cylinder, transfer cylinder and inking roller and a method for determining a spring characteristic an inking roller cover or dampening roller cover according to the preamble of claim 1 or 46.

By WO03 / 031180 A2 discloses a 6/2 printing press. These described printing machine has a form cylinder with a length accordingly six juxtaposed printing plates for each one upright newspaper page and a circumference corresponding to two such printing plates. The Printing plates are on elevators arranged with hooks in openings in support plate the form cylinder hung are.

With the transfer cylinders have a pressure point forming transfer cylinder Metal printing blankets on, with a corresponding suspension in the axial direction running openings the transfer cylinder hooked are. When the pressure point, the "nip", between the two cylinders, the openings, where inside the cylinders a channel connects, overflows, arises a discontinuity in the rolling behavior of the cylinder. This "channel strike" can make vibrations the cylinder and cause unwanted vibration stripes lead in the printed product.

One Channel impact also occurs when unrolling the form cylinder and inking roller and / or dampening roller.

One further the print quality negatively affecting problem is the deflection of the cylinder or rollers. The deflection leads to an uneven pressure distribution along the pressure point and thus also to an uneven color transfer.

The DE 102 37 205 A1 concerns the rubber elevator of a transfer cylinder. A soft lift reduces vibration lines in the press of a 6/2 press.

The WO 03/086760 relates to the determination of characteristics of a rubber hoist, their promotion and Describe rolling behavior.

The DE 101 21 557 A1 relates to a printing press with two rollers rolling on one another, which have a lift of different degrees of lift.

In the DE 100 00 401 A1 is a storage of a roller in two camps of a frame, a rotary printing machine disclosed. Due to the special type of storage a strong deflection of the roller is counteracted.

The EP 0985 530 B1 discloses a printing unit with an inking roller with a lift whose hardness is over 20 ShA.

In the EP 1 428 658 A1 discloses a rotary offset printing machine whose cylinders are bent convexly in the longitudinal direction.

Especially obvious The two problems mentioned in larger printing machines with long and / or slim cylinders. The long cylinders are particularly responsive sensitive to vibrational excitations, and they flex harder as a short cylinder.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a printing unit with a Form cylinder, transfer cylinder and inking roller and a method for determining a spring characteristic an inking roller cover or dampener roller cover create.

The The object is achieved by the Characteristics of claim 1 or 46 solved.

The particular advantages of the invention are that the vibration excitation generated by the channel impact by the soft coverings on the inking roller, dampening roller and the soft blanket on the transfer cylinder as far as is tempered, that cylinder and rolls with a sufficient Length upright for eight available newspaper pages can be and still deliver a satisfactory print product.

to further damping are the elevators harder at their areas adjacent to the hooks. This will make the channel strike further reduced.

In preferred embodiments are the elevators on form cylinder and transfer cylinder in longitudinal direction staggered. By the staggered arrangement extend the openings between the elevators no over the entire longitudinal direction the cylinder, which reduces the excitation by a channel impact becomes. In a linear arrangement of the cylinders with their axes of rotation in a plane, and staggered with each other by 180 ° (or continuous) channels, can the simultaneous suggestions on both sides of the cylinder with each other interfere.

The openings of the channels for sheathing on the forme cylinder extend in an advantageous do not adhere variant along the full longitudinal direction of the forme cylinder. They are in one embodiment in four longitudinal sections z. B. offset by 45 ° to each other or arranged offset in another embodiment in two sections by 180 ° or in three sections to 180 °.

The blankets the transfer cylinder may preferably also be arranged offset. For example, four axially arranged blankets successively arranged offset by 90 ° be. It is also possible that only two, offset by 180 ° arranged blankets on the transfer cylinder are applied.

Preferably are the diameters of the cylinders and / or rollers over their Length different, around to compensate for the deflection and a register-accurate paper transport to enable. This will cause an uneven color transfer reduced.

In another preferred embodiment is the distance between the web edge and the center of the cylinder bearing reduced by a storage of the cylinder in two camps. By the resulting roll shortening becomes the sag the roller also reduced.

Preferably a soft inking roller coating and / or dampening roller coating is selected, the softer than a reference coating heretofore used in the art with a layer thickness of at most 15 mm a hardness of at least 20 ShA. This will affect the effects of the channel strike reduced. The inking roller coverings are on the inking roller preferably vulcanized.

The Hardness of coverings is assigned in this context by the slope of an associated Spring characteristic defined. The flatter the spring characteristic, the softer the inking roller covering or dampening roller cover.

Of the soft surface leads with the same changes the indentation to a lesser change the line force opposite hard rubbers. This reduces the effect of the channel impact and vibration lines occur only with major changes the indentation on.

Preferably the coating has a layer thickness of more than 15 mm. By the greater layer thickness is it by using conventional elastic materials, in particular rubber materials, possible, the To make inking roller coating softer.

Conceivable it is also, materials with a hardness of less than 20 ShA manufacture. This also makes it possible to produce softer coverings, which reduce the channel strike. Preferably, the coating is off made at least two individual layers, to a total of a smaller Hardness at the same To produce durability. It can the individual layers each have a different modulus of elasticity exhibit.

In a particularly preferred embodiment show the pads exactly two single layers, with an inner single layer, the one porous gas-filled Rubber matrix and an outer single layer, the one non-porous cover layer having. By controlling the during the Rubber matrix manufacturing process gas quantity supplied, is the hardness of the porous Rubber material controllable. The applied on the inner single layer outer single layer protects the porous rubber material against wear and tear allows a faultless / gapless Ink transfer. The double layer is softer than conventional rubber layers.

Preferably Also, a dampening roller is covered with a soft coating. In wet offset printing the printing plate is moistened on the form cylinder before the paint application. The dampening roller also has a vulcanised coating on. The effect of between form cylinder and dampener occurring channel strike may be due to a softer Beag the dampening roller be reduced in a corresponding manner.

The Method for determining the spring characteristic of the inking roller cover is indicated by the features of claim 42.

The achievable with the method according to the invention Advantages are, in particular, the spring characteristics of different, especially elastic materials easily compare to each other can. Preferably, a reference coating with a hardness of about 20 ShA and a layer thickness of 15 mm, according to the prior art, determined, for the the minimum line force at a depression of 0.05 mm and a maximum line force measured at an indentation of 0.25 mm becomes. These impressions have experience, as a limit the actual while of the printing process occurring impressions exposed. In This work area should be the spring characteristic of the soft ink roller cover lie below the spring characteristic of the reference covering. Preferably the inking roller coating at a temperature of about 27 to 33 °, in particular 30 ° C, measured. This corresponds to the operating temperature during the printing process.

to determination according to the invention the spring characteristic of the inking roller surface is successively in getting bigger Depressed depths between 0.05 and 0.25 mm.

In another preferred embodiment especially in addition for soft ink roller cover a soft elevator, z. B. a soft Blanket, for the transfer cylinder selected. The softness of the blanket is based on the determination the spring characteristic also determined by a characteristic curve.

embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in Following closer described.

It demonstrate:

1 A web-fed rotary press in a side view

2 a schematic side view of a printing unit,

3 a schematic plan view of a printing unit,

4 a lift in perspective,

5 a form cylinder
a) in a perspective view, b) in a longitudinal section, c) a holding element, d) a retaining element with register device,

6 a transfer cylinder
a) in perspective view, b) in longitudinal section, c) a holding element, d) a filling element, e) a sectional view,

7 a device for pressing an elevator against a cylinder,

8th a first embodiment for driving a 9-cylinder satellite printing unit,

9 A second embodiment for driving a 9-cylinder satellite pressure unit,

10 A third embodiment for driving a 9-cylinder satellite printing unit,

11 an embodiment of the embodiment according to 8th .

12 schematic representation of the line force between a forme cylinder and a transfer cylinder using a soft rubber hoist,

13 measured surface pressure with variation of the indentation,

14 schematic representation of the indentation between form cylinder and inking roller,

15 a) schematic representation of the line force between the forme cylinder and an inking roller, b) spring characteristic

16 Sectional view of a journal mounted in two bearings,

17 Linear printing units a) Monoprint unit, b) Neuner satellite, c) Ten-satellite,

18 a) printing plate arrangement on the forme cylinder, b) first corresponding blanket arrangement on transfer cylinder c) second corresponding blanket arrangement on the transfer cylinder,

19 a) alternative printing plate assembly, b) alternative corresponding blanket assembly.

In the 1 web press shown by way of example has a left and a right section, each with at least two printing towers 01 on. The printing towers 01 have printing units 02 on which z. B. at least four times wide, ie for the pressure of eight axially juxtaposed newspaper pages executed. The printing units 02 are in an advantageous embodiment (as shown below) as satellite printing units 02 executed. The advantageous embodiment of the printing units 02 as nine-cylinder satellite pressure units 02 ensures a very good registration accuracy or a low fan-out. The printing units 02 but can also be used as ten cylinder satellite printing units as mono printing units 02 or optionally also as pressure units operable in rubber-against-rubber printing 02 , such as B. as bridge printing units or H printing unit 02 be executed. These are not shown, but features or combinations of features not specifically related to the satellite arrangement are to be transferred to such rubber-to-rubber printing units. The printing units 02 become tracks 03 by rollers, not shown, in particular using reel splitter supplied.

Downstream of the towers 01 or the printing units 02 continuous train 03 , here above the printing towers 01 , each section is a superstructure 04 provided in which the railway 03 or railways 03 on slitting devices 06 cut, partial webs 03 by means of turning devices 07 possibly offset and / or overthrown, by means of 1 merely indicated register devices 08 be aligned in the longitudinal register to each other and can be performed on top of each other. Seen in the web running direction downstream, the superstructure 04 at least a so-called harp 09 with a number of superimposed, the tracks 03 or partial webs 03 leading harp or caster rolls. The Harp 09 determines the funnel inlet of the superimposed tracks 03 , About this harp 09 learn the tracks 03 a change of direction and are then summarized either as a strand or as multiple strands and at least one folding structure 11 fed.

In the example, there are two folder structures between the sections 11 arranged, which z. B. each have arranged on two different superposed planes folding former. However, the printing machine can also only a common, arranged between the sections folding structure 11 , or just a section and an associated folding structure 11 exhibit. Also, the respective folding structure 11 be executed with only one level of formers. Every folding construction 11 are one or more folders 12 assigned.

Every printing unit 02 in the example in 1 has four printing units 13 on, by which color of an inking unit 14 over at least one form cylinder 16 on the train 03 can be applied ( 2 ). In this example, an execution of the printing unit 02 as a satellite printing unit 02 is the printing unit 13 executed here as an offset printing unit for the wet offset and has in addition to the inking unit 14 a dampening unit 21 and a transfer cylinder 17 on. In another advantageous variant, the printing unit 13 designed as a printing unit for the dry offset, in which case a below-mentioned dampening deleted. The transfer cylinder 17 forms with an abutment forming pressure cylinder 18 a pressure point. In the example of 1 is the printing cylinder 18 as a satellite cylinder 18 executed, which with three other transfer cylinders 17 other printing works 13 forms further pressure points in pressure-on position. The printing cylinder 18 could in training the printing works 13 be executed as a double printing in rubber-against-rubber pressure as a transfer cylinder. The same parts, as far as not necessary for distinction, the same reference numerals. However, a difference in spatial position may exist and, in the case of the allocation of identical reference numbers, is generally disregarded.

With regard to the vibration problem, it is particularly advantageous for the slender cylinders when the axes of rotation of the forming, transfer and impression cylinders 16 ; 17 ; 19 are arranged in a common plane E. This in particular, if - as explained below - channel openings are arranged offset by 180 ° in the circumferential direction such that the channel passages occur simultaneously on both sides and thus interfere with the same pulses simultaneously.

The inking unit 14 In an advantageous embodiment, it has a color box reaching over eight printed pages 15 on. In another version, four color boxes are each about two printed pages wide 15 arranged side by side in the axial direction. The inking unit 14 has two inking rollers 23 on, each with the forme cylinder 16 form a pressure point. The inking rollers 23 extend axially adjacent to the form cylinder 16 also over eight printed pages.

The dampening unit 21 is in an advantageous embodiment as vierwalziges spray dampening 21 executed by those in 2 three rollers are shown. The dampening unit 21 has two dampening rollers 24 on, each with the forme cylinder 16 form a pressure point. The dampening rollers 24 extend axially adjacent to the form cylinder 16 over eight printed pages.

The form cylinder 16 has z. B. a circumference between 850 mm and 1300 mm, in particular from 900 mm to 1200 mm and a length L16 of the usable bale of 2450 mm - 3400 mm, in particular 2500 mm - 3200 mm. The dimensions of the same size transfer cylinder 17 are preferably the same.

In a first more specific embodiment, the forme cylinder has 16 z. B. a circumference between 850 mm and 1000 mm, in particular from 900 mm to 940 mm. The scope is z. B. for receiving two stationary printed pages, z. B. newspaper pages in broadsheet format, by means of two in the circumferential direction of the form cylinder 16 successively fixable elevators 19 , z. B. flexible printing forms 19 , educated. The printing forms 19 are in the circumferential direction on the form cylinder 16 mountable and at the in 3 illustrated embodiment, in each case as a single-pressure plate equipped with a pressure side in the axial direction individually interchangeable.

The length L16 of the usable bale of the forme cylinder 16 is in the first embodiment, for. B. 2450 mm - 3200 mm, in particular 2500 mm - 3050 mm, and is in the axial direction for receiving z. B. at least eight juxtaposed standing printed pages 19 , especially newspaper pages in Broad-Sheet format ( 3 , Sections A - H). It depends, inter alia, on the nature of the product to be produced, whether in each case only one printed page or several printed pages in the axial direction next to each other on a printing plate 19 are arranged. In an advantageous, broader variant of the first embodiment, the length L16 of the usable bale is between 2,650 mm and 3,200 mm.

In a second more specific embodiment, the forme cylinder has 16 z. B. a circumference between 980 mm and 1300 mm, in particular from 1000 mm to 1200 mm. The length L16 of the usable bale is in this case 2600 mm to 3200 mm, in particular 2650 mm to 3200 mm. The assignment corresponds to the above mentioned version.

The transfer cylinder 17 also has a scope in the first embodiment, e.g. B. between 850 mm and 1000 mm, in particular from 900 mm to 940 mm. The length L17 of the usable bale of the transfer cylinder 17 is in the first embodiment z. B. 2,450 mm to 3,200 mm, in particular 2,500 mm to 3,050 mm, and is in the longitudinal direction next to each other, z. B. with four lifts 22 , z. B. blankets 22 , occupied (sections AB to GH). They extend in the circumferential direction substantially to the full extent. The blankets 22 are the vibration behavior of the printing unit in the operating case favorably influencing alternately, z. B. by 180 °, to each other ( 3 ) arranged. In the wider version of the first embodiment, the length L17 of the usable bale is also between 2,650 mm and 3,200 mm. Further advantageous assignments are described below.

In a second embodiment, the transfer cylinder has 17 z. B. a circumference between 980 mm and 1300 mm, in particular from 1000 mm to 1200 mm. The length L17 of the usable bale is in this case z. B. 2,600 mm to 3,200 mm, in particular 2,650 mm to 3,200 mm. The occupancy with lifts 22 corresponds to the first version.

Diameter of bales of cylinders 16 . 17 , lie in the first above embodiment, for. B. from 270 mm to 320 mm, in particular from about 285 mm to 300 mm. In the second embodiment mentioned above, the diameter of bales of the cylinders 16 . 17 z. B. from about 310 mm to 410 mm, in particular from 320 mm to about 380 mm. A ratio of a length of the usable bale of the cylinders 16 . 17 to whose diameter should be 7.5 to 11.5, z. B. at 8, 2 to 10.4, in a wide version especially at 8.5 to 10.4.

The length L16, L17 of the usable bale is to be understood here as the width or length of the bale which is used to hold elevators 19 . 22 suitable is. This corresponds approximately to a maximum possible web width of a web to be printed 03 , Based on an entire length of the barrel of the cylinder 16 . 17 would be added to this length L16, L17 of the usable bale nor the width of any existing Schmitzringen, any existing grooves and / or any existing lateral surface areas, which z. B. for the operation of clamping and / or clamping devices should be accessible.

The inking roller 23 preferably has half the circumference of the circumference of the forme cylinder 16 and is between 425 mm and 650 mm, in particular from 450 mm to 600 mm and a length of 2450 mm - 3400 mm, in particular 2500 mm - 3200 mm. In a first specific embodiment, the circumference of the inking roller 23 eg between 425 and 500 mm, in particular 450 mm and 500 mm. The length L23 of the usable bale is, for example, 2,450 mm to 3,200 mm, in particular 2,500 to 3,050 mm. On the inking roller 23 is an inking roller coating 26 vulcanized.

In a second specific embodiment, the inking roller has 23 eg a circumference between 490 mm to 650 mm, in particular 500 mm to 600 mm. The length L23 of the usable bale is here, for example, 2,600 mm to 3,400 mm, in particular 2,650 mm to 3,200 mm.

For the dimensions of the dampening roller 24 - If applicable - applies to the inking roller in general, in the first and in the second specific embodiment mentioned.

On the inking roller as on the dampening roller a coating, the inking surface, vulcanized. He will therefore be in 3 not shown separately.

In an advantageous embodiment, the impression cylinder 18 also essentially the dimensions and ratios of at least the assigned transfer cylinder 17 on.

The elevators 19 . 22 are, as in 4 shown schematically, z. B. designed as flexible plates, wherein the rubber blanket 22 executed elevator 22 as a so-called metal blanket 22 with one on a carrier plate 28 arranged elastic and / or compressible layer 29 is executed (in 4 they are the metal blanket alone 22 indicated by the reference numerals). A carrier plate 28 for a blanket 22 is usually made of a flexible, but otherwise dimensionally stable material, eg. Example of an aluminum alloy, and it has two mutually opposed, in or on the cylinder 16 . 17 to be fastened ends 31 . 32 with a material thickness MS of z. 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, with these ends 31 . 32 for training as a suspension leg 31 . 32 each along a bend line based on the stretched length of the elevator 19 . 22 are bent at an angle α, β between 40 ° and 140 °, preferably 45 °, 90 ° or 135 ° ( 4 ). A leading end 31 is for example at an acute angle α of 40 ° to 50 °, in particular 45 °, and a trailing end 32 at an angle β of 80 ° to 100 °, in particular 90 °, folded. If in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 16 . 17 in particular of the transfer cylinder 17 only a single elevator 22 is applied, corresponds to the length L of the elevator 22 almost the size of this cylinder 17 ,

Basically, the folded ends 31 . 32 the elevators 19 . 22 now in each case at one on the circumference of the respective cylinder 16 . 17 in the longitudinal direction axially parallel, slit-shaped opening 33 insertable, the ends, for example 31 . 32 be held by their shape, friction or deformation. However, they can also be fixed by means of spring force, by pressure medium or an effective during operation centrifugal force operable means.

In the in 3 illustrated embodiment are the slot-shaped openings 33 for in the axial direction juxtaposed printing plates 19 on the form cylinder 16 in an advantageous embodiment in each case in an escape, z. B. as a continuous slot-shaped openings 33 (as described below), while the openings for the on the transfer cylinder 17 juxtaposed blankets 22 do not go through, but are alternately offset by 180 ° to each other in the circumferential direction. 5a and 5b show in a perspective view an example of an advantageous embodiment of the forme cylinder 16 , In the form cylinder 16 are two channels 34 provided, with both channels 34 continuously in the axial direction of the forme cylinder 16 extend at least over the entire length of the eight sections A to H in the bale ( 5b ). They are in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 16 z. B. offset by 180 ° to each other. The below a lateral surface 36 inside the cylinder 16 arranged, for. B. designed as circular holes channels 34 , At least over the length of the eight sections A to H have a narrow, slot-shaped opening 33 to the lateral surface 36 of the cylinder 16 on ( 5a ). One slot width s16 of the opening 33 on the form cylinder 16 in the circumferential direction is less than 5 mm and is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm ( 5c ).

The folded ends 31 . 32 the printing form 19 are now each in one of the circumferentially and longitudinally axis-parallel openings 33 insertable and are, at least the trailing end 32 , by one in the canal 34 arranged holding device 37 . 38 fixable.

The holding device 37 . 38 here has at least one clamping piece 37 and a spring element 38 on ( 5c ). The not shown at right angles folded trailing suspension leg 32 (please refer 4 ) preferably arrives at a wall of the opening that is substantially complementary to the fold 33 to the plant and is there by the clamping piece 37 by one of the spring element 38 on the clamping piece 37 applied force pressed. The not shown at an acute angle bevelled leading suspension leg 31 (please refer 4 ) preferably arrives at a wall of the opening that is substantially complementary to the fold 33 , which with the lateral surface 36 a suspension edge or nose at an acute angle α 'of 40 ° to 50 °, in particular 45 °, forms, to the plant. To release the clamping of the trailing end 32 is in the channel 34 an adjusting means is provided, which in its operation of the spring element 38 on the clamping piece 37 counteracts applied force and the clamping piece 37 from the wall or the end 32 pivots away.

In an advantageous embodiment is in each channel 34 not just a clamp 37 but are along the length of the sections A to H axially adjacent a plurality of clamping pieces 37 in the manner of segments each having at least one spring element 38 arranged (in 5a out of the cylinder 16 "pulled out" shown). In the exemplary embodiment, each section A to H several, z. B. eight such clamps 37 according to 5c arranged, being centrally between the clamping pieces 37 each section A to H, each between the third and fourth clamping piece 37 each section A to H is one register stone each 39 having passer element 41 is arranged. The register stone 39 or Passerstift 39 is z. B. in a groove of a base 42 manually displaceable and adjustable in the axial direction. The register stone 39 can also not shown in training on each axially in a vacant cavity of the channel 34 or the passer element 41 guided actuator, z. B. a motor-driven threaded spindle, be axially movable.

The adjusting agent 43 is executed in the illustrated embodiment such that upon actuation of the holding device, ie all clamping pieces 37 are simultaneously closed or released over the length of the sections A to H. The adjusting agent 43 is like in 5a out of the cylinder 16 "pulled out" represented as at least over the length of the sections A to H reaching, axially in the channel 34 extending and actuated by pressure reversible deformable hollow body 43 , z. B. as a hose 43 , executed. This hose 43 is according to 5 c with the clamping pieces 37 so cooperative in the canal 34 arranged that he the self-locking the holding device closing spring elements 38 counteracts when actuated. Through the areas of passer elements 41 will he be led through ( 5d ).

6a and 6b show in a perspective view an example of an advantageous embodiment of the transfer cylinder 17 ,

In the cylinder 17 are two channels 44 . 46 provided, with both channels 44 . 46 continuously in the axial direction of the cylinder 17 extend at least over the entire length of the eight sections A to H or four sections AB, CD, EF, GH in bales ( 6b ). They are in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 17 , z. B. offset by 180 °, arranged to each other.

The two below a lateral surface 47 inside the cylinder 17 arranged, for. B. designed as circular holes channels 44 . 46 , have a total of z. B. four each axially extending, at least in each case over the length of a portion AB, CD, EF, GH reaching narrow, slot-shaped openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 to the lateral surface 47 of the cylinder 17 towards ( 6a ). Two of the four openings 48 . 49 are in an advantageous embodiment with the same continuous channel 44 in connection and are aligned in the axial direction, but spaced from each other on the lateral surface 47 arranged. Axial between the two openings 48 . 49 and next to the opening 49 exist the shape of the remaining lateral surface 47 continuing, in particular undisturbed sections U without opening. Two aligned with the same channel 46 communicating openings 51 . 52 extend for example over the sections CD and GH and they are offset by 180 ° to the extending over the sections AB and EF openings 48 . 49 arranged. A slot width s17 of the uncovered opening 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 on the transfer cylinder 17 in the circumferential direction is in each case less than 5 mm and is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm ( 6c ). For manufacturing purposes, one or both ends of the slots may be used 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 radial bores 53 be provided, which in the operating condition of the cylinder 17 can be closed or closed by means of a stopper (not shown) ( 6b ). The plug has an outer surface which is the otherwise cylindrical contour of the cylinder 17 in the assembled state in the area of the bore 53 continues. In the circumferential direction of the cylinder 17 In an advantageous embodiment, in a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation, only one of the openings is in each case 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 or one of the shortened through the stopper opening 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 arranged one behind the other. Seen in this section, the openings thus overlap 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 or the shortened through the plug openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 Not.

The folded ends 31 . 32 of the metal printing blanket 22 are now each in one of the perimeter in the longitudinal direction axially parallel openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 insertable and are, at least the trailing end 32 , in each case by at least one in the channel 44 . 46 arranged holding device 54 . 56 fixable. Preferably, the two ends of the same metal blanket 22 through the same opening 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 in the same channel 44 . 46 guided.

The holding device 54 . 56 here in each case at least one clamping piece 54 and a spring element 56 on ( 6c ). The not shown at right angles folded trailing suspension leg 32 (please refer 4 ) preferably arrives at a wall of the opening that is substantially complementary to the fold 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 to the plant and is there by the clamping piece 54 by one of the spring element 56 on the clamping piece 54 applied force is pressed. The not shown at an acute angle bevelled leading suspension leg 31 preferably comes to a wall of the opening substantially complementary to the fold 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 , which with the lateral surface 47 a suspension edge or nose at an acute angle α 'of 40 ° to 50 °, in particular 45 °, forms, to the plant. To release the clamping of the trailing end 32 is in the channel 44 . 46 at least one adjusting agent 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 provided, which in its operation of the spring element 56 on the clamping piece 54 counteracts applied force and the clamping piece 54 swinging away from the wall. Advantageously, for each of the four openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 in each assigned channel 44 . 46 at least one actuating means 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 provided (in 6a out of the cylinder 17 "pulled out" shown).

In an advantageous embodiment is in each channel 44 . 46 not just a clamp 54 but are along the length of the sections AB, CD, EF, GH axially adjacent each other several clamping pieces 54 as individual segments, each with at least one spring element 56 arranged (in 6a out of the cylinder "pulled out" shown). In the embodiment, each section AB, CD, EF, GH and per opening 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 several, z. B. 10, such clamping pieces 54 according to 6 c arranged. In sections AB, CD, EF, GH of the respective channel 44 . 46 that have no opening to the lateral surface 47 is in place of the holding device 54 . 56 at least one filling element 62 ( 6 d) in the canal 44 . 46 arranged. In the example, several, z. B. eleven, this filling elements 61 as individual segments in respective non-apertured sections AB, CD, EF, GH of the channel 44 . 46 arranged. Midway between the holding devices 54 . 56 every ab section AB, CD, EF, GH, ie in the area between the sections A and B or G and H, respectively between the fifth and sixth clamping element 54 , can also each one filling element 61 be arranged. The filling element 61 essentially has a cross section of the channel 44 . 46 modeled cross-section and at least one through-opening in the axial direction, through which a resource for the actuating means 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 is feasible.

The adjusting agent 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 is designed in the illustrated embodiment such that when actuated the holding device 54 . 56 a section AB, CD, EF, GH, ie all clamps 54 a section AB, CD, EF, GH are closed or solved simultaneously. The adjusting agent 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 is in 6a out of the cylinder 17 "pulled out" shown. In the channel 44 (with two openings) in each case an adjusting means extends frontally 57 . 58 over at least the corresponding length of the section AB, EF. The other openings 51 . 52 associated adjusting means 59 . 61 also extend over at least the corresponding length of the associated sections CD, GH. The adjusting means 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 are each as axial in the channel 44 . 46 extending and pressure-actuated reversibly deformable hollow body 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 z. B. as a hose 57 . 58 . 59 . 61 executed. The hose 56 . 57 . 58 . 61 is according to 6c with the clamping pieces 54 so cooperating in the channel 44 . 46 arranged that he the self-locking the holding device 54 . 64 closing spring elements 56 counteracts when actuated. Through the areas of filling elements to be passed 62 it is passed through this or its opening ( 6d ).

In another version of the channels 44 . 46 These can not be carried out continuously over the entire length. Thus, for example, in the region of each section AB, CD, EF, GH each have a channel, optionally with a corresponding holding device provided, wherein the channels 44 the one elevators 22 offset from the other two by 180 °. This is in 6e indicated only schematically. In a particular in connection with the eight pages wide printing units 02 or cylinders 16 . 17 advantageous embodiment is at least two cylinders 16 . 17 , in particular two form cylinders 16 , at least one of the printing towers 01 one device each 63 for pressing a lift 19 . 22 to a cylinder 16 . 17 , in particular a printing form 19 to the form cylinder 16 (hereinafter Andrückvorrichtung) associated. This is z. B. advantageous if in two corresponding printing units 13 a faster, z. B. flying plate change to be made. In particular, it is for a fast, safe and accurate product change advantageous if all cylinders form 16 a printing tower 01 Such pressing device 63 assigned. A corresponding pressing device 63 has one or more pressing elements 64 . 66 , z. As strips, joints or rolling elements, on which or which at one and / or several elevators 19 . 22 is optionally employable or are. As a result, a controlled and guided pulling or clamping and / or detachment or removal of the elevator 19 . 22 allows. It is also possible, an end 31 . 32 of the elevator 19 . 22 in the corresponding channel 34 . 44 . 46 or the opening 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 to move in or a loosened end 31 . 32 or the partially released elevator 19 . 22 to be held down in a desired position. The pressing device 63 extends along the cylinder 16 . 17 at least in the entire region of the sections A to H, ie in the effective for printing area of the bale.

In the 7 described embodiment of the pressing device 63 is in particular also in connection with in 5 described embodiment for reaching over all sections A to H common actuating means 43 advantageous. In this constellation is a single or group-wise mounting, changing and / or removing even for eight side by side on the forme cylinder 16 arranged printing forms 19 possible without being inside the forme cylinder 16 an increased amount of operating equipment or resource supply has to be done. The production, assembly and maintenance simplify considerably.

The pressing device 63 has at least one first pressing element per section A to H (in the case of eight elevators arranged side by side) or sections AB, CD, EF, GH (in the case of four elevators arranged next to one another) 64 , z. B. rolling element 64 , on. In an advantageous embodiment according to 7 It assigns each section A to H or section AB, CD, EF, GH in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 16 from this first rolling element 64 spaced second pressure element 66 , z. B. rolling element 66 , on. In 7 are in the case of the forme cylinder 16 only middle sections B, C, D and E and the rolling elements associated with these sections B, C, D and E. 64 . 66 shown. Each section A to H or AB to GH is a first rolling element 64 or a group of first rolling elements juxtaposed in the axial direction 64 as well as B. a second rolling element 66 or a group of second rolling elements arranged next to one another in the axial direction 66 arranged. In the example, each section A to H or AB to GH is a first rolling element 64 and a group of three second rolling elements 66 shown. The arrangement of groups of at least two mutually independent movable rolling elements is advantageous with regard to the risk of possible tilting and possibly faulty axial alignment 64 . 66 , A single rolling element 64 . 66 for a section A to H or AB to GH is, for example, as in the longitudinal direction almost over the length of the section A to H or AB to GH extending roller 64 . 66 executed, a rolling element 63 . 66 a group, however, z. B. only as the highest a fraction of the length of the section A to H or AB to GH having role 64 . 66 ,

The axially juxtaposed rolling elements 64 . 66 and, if provided, in the circumferential direction successively arranged rolling elements 64 . 66 , are basically independently movable on, for example, a traverse 67 (or more traverses) arranged. The only first rolling element 64 or the group of first rolling elements 64 of each section A to H or AB to GH and, if provided, the only second rolling element 66 or the group of second rolling elements 66 of each section A to H or AB to GH are independent of each other by their own adjusting means 68 . 69 actuated. These adjusting agents 68 . 69 are for example as acted upon with pressure medium reversibly deformable hollow body 68 . 69 , especially as a hose 68 . 69 , executed. But it can also be provided differently, electrically or magnetically actuated actuating means. For mounting an elevator 19 . 22 in one of the sections A to H and AB to GH is the leading, z. B. acute angle beveled end 31 of the elevator 19 . 22 into the relevant opening 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 introduced. The first or first rolling elements assigned to this section A to H or AB to GH 64 and, if provided, the or the second rolling elements associated with this section A to H or AB to GH 66 be to the cylinder 16 . 17 or to be wound up, already hinged elevator 19 . 22 hired. Are already one or more other elevators 19 . 22 on the cylinder 16 . 17 are arranged and are to remain there, so are the this section A to H or AB to GH relevant first and / or second rolling elements 64 . 66 to the respective elevator 19 . 22 hired. When first and second rolling elements 64 . 66 are provided, presses when rolling the cylinder 16 . 17 with the rolling elements 64 . 66 the second rolling element 66 the trailing beveled end 32 of the elevator 19 . 22 when overrolling in the opening 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 into it. Is or are only first rolling elements 64 provided, it is pushed in by them. Preferably, in this case, the rolling elements remain 64 . 66 stationary, while the cylinder 16 . 17 is rotated in a rotational direction R. The or in a release position (open) located holding means for the sections A to H or AB to GH, z. B. one or more clamping pieces 37 . 54 , changes or changes to its or their holding or clamping position (closed). After the retaining means is changed from its release position and its holding position, all rolling elements 64 . 66 of the relevant section A to H or AB to GH from the cylinder 16 . 17 or its elevator 19 . 22 switched off.

When unclamping a lift 19 . 22 is to distinguish whether one or more other lifts 19 . 22 on the cylinder 16 . 17 should remain. In this case, at least one of the elevator to be left is initially 19 . 22 associated rolling elements 64, 66 in the region of the trailing end 32 or near the opening 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 employed or hired. The elevator to be solved 19 . 22 associated rolling element 64 . 66 can be left off or be turned off. The holding means for the sections A to H or AB to GH is opened. The trailing end 32 of the elevator to be solved 19 . 22 is due to the residual stress from the channel 34 . 44 . 46 removed while leaving the lifts 19 . 22 through the rolling elements 64 . 66 be held again. The holding means is closed again. Indicates the pressing device 63 each first and second rolling elements 64 . 66 on, so are the lifts to be left 19 . 22 advantageous by at least the second rolling elements 66 held again. When removing planned elevator 19 . 22 is initially at least the second rolling element 66 turned off so the end of the channel 34 . 44 . 46 can escape, and the first rolling element 64 employed, so that already partially dissolved elevator 19 . 22 still on the cylinder 16 . 17 is managed and maintained. Then the cylinder can 16 . 17 preferably against the rotation direction R are rotated until the leading end 31 from the channel 34 . 44 . 46 removed and the elevator 19 . 22 can be removed. Are when unclamping the elevator 19 . 22 no remaining lifts 19 . 22 to take into account, so can the rolling elements 63 . 66 the elevator not to be solved 19 . 22 Sections A to H and AB to GH during the procedure, in principle any operating positions, preferably off, occupy.

It can thus on the lateral surface 36 . 47 of the cylinder 16 . 17 overlying lifts 19 . 22 by at least one pressing element 64 . 66 Be fixed as needed during one end of an elevator 19 . 22 or several elevators 19 . 22 is released or are, that is not pressed at this time is or are.

In an advantageous embodiment, the cylinders 16 . 17 the printing unit 02 so driven that the printing units 13 the printing unit 02 in each case at least by one of the remaining printing units 02 mechanically independent drive motor are rotationally driven. In the case of the satellite printing unit 02 is or are the satellite cylinders 18 also by a drive motor 71 mechanically independent of the associated printing units 13 rotatory driven. The drive motors 71 are preferably as with respect to their angular position controlled electric motors, for. B. as induction motors, synchronous motors or DC motors. In an advantageous embodiment is between the drive motor 71 and the cylinder to be driven 16 . 17 . 18 , or cylinder pair at least one gear 72 , in particular at least one reduction gear 72 (such as pinion, front and / or planetary gear) arranged. The individual drives contribute to high flexibility and to avoid vibrations in the mechanical drive system, and thus also to high quality in the product. In the following 8th to 10 only refer to the components of the right half of the figure corresponding reference numerals, since the left side of the right mirror image corresponds. In each case, upper and lower printing units are alternative configurations for optionally existing inking or dampening units 14 . 21 indicated which are mutually transferable to each other.

In 8th all have nine cylinders 16 . 17 . 18 each with its own drive motor 71 on, which in each case, z. B. via a transmission 72 , on the cylinder 16 . 17 . 18 drives. The above illustrated inking unit 14 points next to the two inking rollers 23 two distribution cylinders 73 on which rotatory together by means of its own drive motor 74 are drivable. The two distribution cylinders 73 are axially movable and driven for generating an axial stroke by a drive means not shown. The inking unit shown below 14 only has a distribution cylinder 73 on. The dampening unit shown above 21 points next to a dampening roller 24 two distribution cylinders 76 on which rotatory together by means of its own drive motor 77 are drivable. The two distribution cylinders 76 are axially movable and driven for generating an axial stroke by a drive means not shown. The dampening unit shown below 14 has only a distribution cylinder. In a variant, which in the upper printing units 13 is indicated by dotted lines, the color and / or dampening 14 . 21 not by its own drive motor 74 . 77 but from one of the cylinders 16 . 17 . 18 , in particular of the forme cylinder 16 ago, via a mechanical coupling, such. B. via gears and / or belts, rotationally driven.

In contrast to 8th be the two cylinders 16 . 17 every printing unit 13 in the execution after 9 each of a common drive motor 71 on the transfer cylinder 17 driven. The drive 71 can be axial, z. B. via a transmission 72 , take place, or via a on a drive wheel of the transfer cylinder 17 driving pinion. From the drive wheel of the transfer cylinder 17 can then on a drive wheel of the forme cylinder 16 be aborted. The drive connection 78 can be done as a gear connection or via belt and is executed encapsulated in development. For driving the inking and, if necessary, dampening unit 14 . 21 via own drive motors 74 . 77 or a cylinder 16 . 17 . 18 is basically that too 8th Implemented to apply.

In contrast to 9 be the two cylinders 16 . 17 every printing unit 13 in the execution after 10 respectively, by a common drive motor 71 , but on the forme cylinder 16 driven. The drive can again axially, z. B. via a transmission 72 , take place, or via a on a drive wheel of the forme cylinder 16 driving pinion. From the drive wheel of the forme cylinder 16 can then on a drive wheel of the transfer cylinder 17 be aborted. The drive connection 78 can like to 9 shown executed. For driving the inking and, if necessary, dampening unit 14 . 21 via own drive motors 74 . 77 or a cylinder 16 . 17 . 18 is basically that too 8th Implemented to apply.

Unlike the in 8th or 9 indicated by dotted lines execution without its own rotary drive of the inking and / or dampening 14 . 21 However, it is advantageous in a development of the transfer cylinder 17 on the inking and / or dampening unit 14 . 21 to drive. Thus, a clear torque flow can be achieved and possibly occurring tooth flank changes can be avoided. An embodiment of such a drive train is shown schematically in FIG 11 shown.

The drive motor 71 drives over a pinion 81 one with the form cylinder 16 torsionally rigid connected drive wheel 82 which in turn is on with the transfer cylinder 17 torsionally rigid connected drive wheel 83 drives. The drive wheel 83 is either widened or it is a second drive wheel 84 with the transfer cylinder 17 connected. The widened or additional drive wheel 84 drives over a rotatable on a pin 86 of the forme cylinder 16 arranged drive wheel 87 on a drive wheel 88 of the inking and / or dampening unit 14 . 21 , The drive wheels 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 . 88 are preferably designed as gears. In the event that the form cylinder 16 to set the axial length by, for example, +/- .DELTA.L axially displaceable, at least the pinion 81 and the drive wheels 82 to 84 straight toothed executed. Between drive motor 71 and the transmission 72 from pinion 81 and drive wheel 82 may additionally be arranged in dashed lines indicated, encapsulated auxiliary gear. The drive on the form cylinder 16 Alternatively, it can be axially on the pin 86 take place, where appropriate, an axial movement of the forme cylinder 16 via a not shown, an axial relative movement between the forme cylinder 16 and the drive motor 71 also takes place next to the clutch. The satellite cylinder 18 in this illustration is also about a pinion 81 on a drive wheel assigned to it 89 , especially gear 89 , powered. Each by an independent drive motor 71 driven drive train is in an advantageous embodiment, at least for itself, optionally even smaller units, encapsulated (dashed in 11 ) Shown.

To reduce the channel blow between form cylinder 16 and transfer cylinder 17 caused vibrations and / or the effect of a deflection is the transfer cylinder 17 with the soft elevator 22 , z. B. blanket 22 , based. For a soft lift 22 performs the same geometric deflection of the transfer cylinder 17 or a variation oim spaced cooperating cylinder 16 ; 17 to a lower surface pressure variation.

In 12 schematically is a profile for a surface pressure P in the nip of the forme cylinder 16 and the transfer cylinder 17 shown. The surface pressure P extends over an entire region of the contact zone, wherein it reaches a maximum surface pressure P _max at standstill at the level of a connecting plane V of the axes of rotation. This shifts in production to the incoming gap side due to the viscous force component. In projection onto a plane perpendicular to the connection plane V, the contact zone and thus the profile has a width B. The maximum surface pressure P _max is ultimately responsible for the color transfer and adjust accordingly.

The absolute height of the surface pressure P in the nip 91 as well as their variation in variation of the indentation is determined by a characteristic of the elevator 22 , in particular of the printing blanket 22 , eg rubber blanket 22 , on the transfer cylinder 17 certainly. The characteristic curve represents the (maximum) surface pressure P as a function of the (maximum) indentation δ 13 are exemplary some characteristics of conventional lifts, especially metal blankets 22 with carrier plate 28 and rubber layer 29 represented. The values are determined on a quasi static bench test bench in the laboratory. They are to be transmitted in a suitable manner to values determined in a different way.

Out 13 It can be seen that a slope dP / dδ of the characteristic determines the fluctuation in the surface pressure P when the indentation δ changes. In the case of a variation Δδ of the indentation by an average indentation value δ, the magnitude of a fluctuation ΔP of the required maximum surface pressure P _max in the nip 91 about the average surface pressure is approximately proportional to the gradient dP / dδ of the spring characteristic at the point δ. For example, in the case of a lift, a in 13 a reduction in the indentation S from -0.16 mm to -0.14 mm on the surface pressure P by reducing by about 50 N / cm ² and a reduction in the indentation S from -0.11 mm to -0.09 mm the surface pressure P by reducing by about 25 N / cm ² from. An elevator b has a lower pitch.

lifts 22 which as a whole or its layer as such has a large pitch dP / dδ, in particular in the range of the required maximum surface pressure P _max in the pressure-relevant area, are here referred to as "hard", those with a small pitch dP / dδ as "soft" designated.

The elevator 22 or the layer is executed here as a soft elevator or as a soft layer. Compared to a hard elevator or a hard layer, a same relative movement of the cylinder leads 16 . 17 in a soft elevator 22 to a smaller change of the surface pressure P and thus to a reduction of the fluctuations in the color transfer. The soft elevator 22 thus causes a lower sensitivity of the printing process to vibrations and / or deviations at intervals from a target value. Due to smaller changes in the surface pressure P as a result of relative movements of the rolls 16 . 17 are z. B. vibration stripes in the printed product at the same elevators 22 or in elevators 22 with a soft layer visible only at higher vibration amplitudes.

The surface pressure P varies in pressure-on position in an advantageous embodiment at most in a range between 60 and 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above-mentioned area for the surface pressure may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 100 N / cm ² , while in the case of dry offset (no dampening solution, only paint on form cylinder) z. B. between 100 - 220 N / cm ² , in particular 120 - 180 N / cm ² , is.

The pressure-relevant area for the surface pressure P _max is advantageously between 60 and 220 N / cm ² . For fluids, e.g. As printing inks, with very different rheological properties, different areas within the above range for the surface pressure P may be preferred. Thus, the range for the wet offset z. B. between 60 and 120 N / cm ² , in particular from 80 to 120 N / cm ² (in 13 shaded), while in the case of dry offset z. B. between 100 and 220 N / cm ² , in particular from 120 to 180 N / cm ² , varies. Thus, in an advantageous embodiment, a soft elevator 22 at least in the range of 80 to 120 N / cm ^2, a slope dP / dδ of z. B. dP / dδ <700 (N / cm ² ) / mm, especially dP / dδ <500 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular dP / dδ <400 (N / cm ² ) / mm.

In a -. B. in terms of durability advantageous variant, a pressure-relevant area with 40 - 60 N / cm ^{2 is} selected. The blanket should now at least in this range of surface pressure P of 40 - 60 N / cm ^{2 have} a slope less than 350 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular at most 300 (N / cm ² ) / mm. The characterization of the blanket 22 in this work area can be consulted on its own or in addition to the above characterization in the areas mentioned, so that the blanket 22 characterized by several support points.

In an advantageous embodiment, as in 4 only schematically recognizable, the layer 29 a greater strength t or the elevator 22 a greater overall strength T than usual. The strength t of the functional layer in terms of elasticity or compressibility 29 amounts for example to 1.3 to 6.3 mm, especially 1.7 to 5.0 mm, in particular more than 1.9 mm. In addition, if necessary, the strength of one or more u. U. with the layer 29 connected, substantially incompressible and inelastic layers on the side facing the cylinder main body, which with the layer 29 for the purpose of dimensional and / or dimensional stability are connected (not shown). In addition, supporting layers (eg, woven fabric), which are referred to as inelastic, can be used here, for example in the region of the surface of the elevator 22 come. The functionally not for the "softness" of the elevator, but for the dimensional stability effective support layer 28 or carrier layers 28 Supporting layers can also be arranged between the "soft" layers, for example, they can be approximately 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick, in the form of metal sheets, in particular stainless steel sheets 22 from 0.1 to 0.6 mm thick. The specified thickness t of the layer 29 refers in the case of multiple layers of layers 29 to the sum of the "partial layers" functionally responsible for the above-described characteristic (dependence on surface pressure / indentation) and the elasticity or compressibility 22 then has, for example, together with carrier layers) 28 the total thickness T from 2.0 to 6.5 mm, in particular 2.3 to 5.9 mm.

Under the elastic layer 29 or whose thickness t becomes the layer 29 , or sum of the layers 29 understood, whose material has a modulus of elasticity in the radial direction of less than 50 N / mm ² . In contrast, the layers possibly provided for support (fabric) or dimensional stability (support) have significantly greater modulus of elasticity, e.g. B. greater than 70, in particular greater than 100 N / mm ² or even greater 300 N / mm ² . At least one sub-layer of the layer referred to here as elastic layer 29 is executed in an advantageous embodiment of porous material.

Also, the elastic layer 29 one in 4 not shown cover layer whose modulus of elasticity is less than 50 N / mm ² in the radial direction. A cover layer generally serves to form a closed surface and in this case contributes to the formation of "softness." In other cases, cover layers of greater modulus of elasticity, for example greater than 70 N / mm ² , in particular greater than 100 N / mm ² or even greater than 300 N / mm ² used, and then for this reason are not here the elastic and / or compressible layer 29 attributed.

The "soft" elevator is preferably operated with a higher indentation δ compared to conventional indentations δ, ie the transfer cylinder 17 and the form cylinder 16 are related to their respective effective but undisturbed diameter next to each other. As a result, an optimal maximum surface pressure P _{max is} achieved despite a smaller pitch dP / dδ. The employment of the cylinders 16 . 17 One another takes place in an advantageous embodiment such that the indentation δ to at least 0.18 mm, z. B. to 0.18 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular to 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm, amounts.

A relative indentation S *, ie the thickness t of the layer 06 related indentation S, z. B. without taking into account the special design of the rollers 01 ; 02 z. B. between 10% and 35%, but especially between 13% and 30%.

As described above, the design and / or arrangement of the "soft" elevator 22 particularly advantageous when one of the two cooperating rolls 16 . 17 (or both) have at least one disturbance influencing the unrolling. In particular, the fault may be due to an axially extending channel 34 . 44 . 46 for fastening ends of one or more lifts 19 . 22 as evoked above. The channel 34 . 44 . 46 points to the lateral surface 36 . 47 out an opening 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 on, through which the ends 31 . 32 are guided. Inside, the canal can 34 . 44 . 46 a device for clamping and / or tensioning the elevator 16 . 17 . 26 or elevators 16 . 17 . 26 exhibit.

When rolling over the channel 34 . 44 . 46 or the channels 34 . 44 . 46 vibrations are stimulated. Is a width s16, s17 of the channel 34 . 44 . 46 When viewed in the circumferential direction is greater than the width B of the contact zone, so is the passage of the channel 34 . 44 . 46 a vibration with ver larger amplitude excited, since due to the above-mentioned larger width B of the contact zone, a greater line force between the two rollers 16 . 17 acts. Nevertheless, the increase of the vibration amplitudes due to the higher line force is less than the decrease of the vibration sensitivity by the softness of the rubberization 29 , so that overall results in a reduction of the sensitivity to vibrations.

Of particular advantage is the width s16, s17 of the channel 34 . 44 . 46 smaller than the width B of the touch zone. In this case, at least always based areas of the cooperating lateral surfaces in the contact zone from each other, it also results in a reduction in the height and a flatter course (dissemination of the momentum) for the force of the impact excitation. Softer lifts 19 . 22 or softer layers 29 lead with narrow channels 34 . 44 . 46 thus to a weakening and a lateral extension of the channel strike. The employment preferably takes place such that the contact zone resulting from the deformation in a projection perpendicular to a connecting plane V of the axes of rotation of the two cylinders 16 ; 17 at least three times as wide as the slot width s16 of the opening 33 on the cooperating form cylinder 16 in the circumferential direction.

In the case of the transfer cylinder 17 can ends of a metal printing blanket 22 in the canal 44 . 46 be arranged. The gum 29 is in this case on the dimensionally stable support 28 , z. B. a thin metal plate, applied, the bent ends 31 . 33 in the canal 44 . 46 are arranged. The channel 44 . 46 can then extremely narrow in the circumferential direction, z. B. s17 ≤ 5 mm, in particular ≤ 3 mm, be executed.

As mentioned above, in an advantageous operation mode, the extremely soft and thick blanket allows 22 a significant reduction of the operational surface pressure of 80 to 100 N / cm ² in the forme cylinder transfer cylinder Nip in the range of 40 - 60 N / cm ² (or even 25 to 60 N / cm ² ), wherein the layer 29 then has a pitch of less than 350 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular at most 300 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Due to the softness of the elevator 22 lead the transfer cylinders 17 usual surface waviness does not cause problems in the uniformity of the color transfer.

To reduce the channel blow between form cylinder 16 and inking rollers 23 caused vibrations is the inking roller 23 with a soft inking roller coating 26 connected.

The form cylinder 16 is according to 8th . 9 . 10 each a mehrwalziges, z. B. formed as a film inking unit 14 with a color box 15 as well as a dampening unit 21 , z. As a Sprühfeuchtwerk with a spray nozzle beam assigned, wherein the dampening unit 21 may consist of a compactor with a plurality of juxtaposed rollers and is preferably formed dreiwalzig, but alternatively also vierwalzig. In the printing unit 13 are the dampening unit 21 , the inking unit 14 and the transfer cylinder 17 preferably in each case in such a way around the forme cylinder 16 grouped that the form cylinder 16 In the printing process during its rotation, dampening solution from the dampening system 21 and then paint from the inking unit 14 and then the color on the transfer cylinder 17 transfers.

In the printing operation are two inking rollers 23 of the inking unit 14 and the form cylinder 16 hired each other. Between form cylinder 16 and inking roller 23 Also forms a nip. The nips circulate during operation of the form cylinder 16 and the against the form cylinder 16 Employed inking rollers 23 along its circumference, ie opposite to its respective direction of rotation R. One color becomes the inking rollers 23 fed via a compactor. On the inking rollers 23 are the inking roller coverings 26 vulcanized. About the two inking rollers 23 the color gets onto the forme cylinder 16 hooked pressure plates 19 applied evenly and thinly. The form cylinder 16 transfers the color to the transfer cylinder 17 putting the paint on the web 03 applies.

The dampening unit 21 has a dampening roller 24 on, in operation with the forme cylinder 16 also forms a nip, as well as a large dampening roller and a small dampening roller. The small dampening roller and the dampening roller have the same diameter. The large dampening roller is sprayed by the spray nozzle bar with moisture in the pressure on position with the small dampening roller and the dampener roller 24 evenly and thinly on the dampening roller 24 is applied. The dampening roller 24 evenly applies a thin film of moisture to the form cylinder 16 on. On the dampening roller 24 is a soft dampening roller surface 27 vulcanized.

During operation are forme cylinders 16 and two inking rollers 23 hired each other. As not shown in the figure are in a corresponding form cylinder 16 and dampening roller 24 hired each other. The nip between form cylinder 16 and inking roller 23 circumscribes their scope in operation. If the nip is the axial channels 44 Overflows, the pressure caused by the employment between the rollers 16 . 23 changed and in particular a depression δ in the inking roller cover 26 changed. This leads to a change in a line force f between the rolling rolls on each other and thus the channel strike. In addition, vibrations can occur between the cylinders 16 . 17 and the rollers 22 . 23 are stimulated, which in the axial direction extending vibration lines on the web 03 to lead.

The length of the usable bale of the forme cylinder 16 is in the axial direction for receiving eight juxtaposed printing plates 19 , especially newspaper pages in broadsheet format. The inking roller 23 is with a vulcanized soft inking roller coating 26 Mistake.

The inking roller 23 and the form cylinder 16 circumferential nip is in 14 shown. The presentation is very similar to the one in 12 shown illustration. The inking roller 23 and the form cylinder 16 are hired against each other, so that on the paint roller 23 vulcanized inking roller cover 26 a pressure is exerted. The through the form cylinder 16 applied pressure creates a (maximum) indentation δ in the inking roller surface 26 , In contrast to 13 Here is especially the spring characteristic of the inking roller cover 26 certainly. Depending on the depth of the indentation δ results in a different line force f. The line force f is to be dimensioned so that an optimum transfer of color from the inking roller 23 to the form cylinder 16 given is. The line force f is the width B of the contact zone of the inking roller 23 and form cylinder 16 integrated surface pressure P.

The principle, functional relationship between indentation δ of the inking roller cover 26 and line force f is in 15a shown. In 15a the function f is shown for a reference surface a and for a soft ink roller surface b. Out 15a It can be seen that the slope df (δ) / dδ of the function f (δ) determines the fluctuation in the line force f with change of the indentation δ. When the indentation is changed by a small value Δδ, the magnitude of the fluctuation Δf is approximately proportional to the slope df (δ) / dδ. Inking roller coverings 26 , which have a large slope df (δ) / dδ in the range of the color transfer optimum line force f, are also referred to as "hard", inking roller coverings 26 , which have a small slope df (δ) / dδ, are referred to as "soft." This graphic relationship is called the spring characteristic, and it is in 15b shown. The lower curve b here indicates the spring characteristic of the soft inking roller cover 26 and the upper curve a is the spring characteristic of the hard reference pad a. The reference coating a has a hardness of at least 20 ShA at a layer thickness of 15 mm.

Compared to the reference surface a leads a same change in the indentation Δδ in a soft inking roller coating 26 to a smaller change in the line force f and thus to a reduction in the fluctuations in the ink transfer of inking roller 23 on the form cylinder 16 , By lower changes in the line force f, for example, vibration stripes on the web 03 on soft ink roller elevators 26 only visible at higher vibration amplitudes.

To determine the spring characteristic b of the soft inking roller cover 26 becomes the inking roller cover 26 corresponding 14 pressed. The depth of the indentation δ is determined and the line force f resulting from the indentation is measured. The relationship between indentation δ and line force f is graphically recorded for a number of different indentations δ. Then the slope df (δ) / dδ of the graph f (δ) is determined and this slope df (δ) / dδ is again plotted against the line force f. The graph plotting the slope df (δ) / dδ versus the line force f is the so-called spring characteristic.

The reference coating a is pressed in to produce a minimum line force f _min by 0.05 mm in order to produce a maximum line force f _max of 0.25 mm. The minimum and maximum line force f _min , f _max are measured and in the above-defined spring characteristic b of the soft inking roller cover 26 entered. The soft inking roller coating 26 should be softer in the range between the minimum line force f _min and the maximum line force f _max than the reference surface a.

To create a soft inking roller cover 26 a soft rubber compound can be used.

Also, it is possible to coat the inking roller 26 form as a two-layered surface. Here is an inner single layer on the coat of the inking roller 23 rests, formed of a porous gas-filled rubber matrix. The hardness of the inner monolayer is controllable by the amount of gas introduced into the rubber material during its manufacture. On the inner single layer is outside, the inking roller 23 turned away, applied an outer single layer, which is not porous. The outer single layer may consist of a conventional rubber material. The two-layer coating is softer than a single-layer coating consisting only of the rubber material of the outer layer.

As a third variant for generating a white chen inking roller cover 26 it is conceivable, the layer thickness of the inking roller cover 26 to increase.

A reduction, in particular a static surface pressure variation is achieved by a dual storage of the forme cylinder 16 according to 16 created. The form cylinder 16 is with his tang 86 in a side frame 93 the rotary printing machine stored. The side frame 93 is provided with a bore in which a socket 94 For example, an eccentric bushing for adjusting an axis distance to an adjacent cylinder, not shown, is arranged. The socket 94 has a collar 96 on and is secured for example by means of side frame solid screws against displacement in the axial direction.

The socket 94 protrudes on the inside of the side frame 93 out and carries on a paragraph at its free end a cylinder bearing 97 , for example, as a double-row cylinder bearing with a tapered inner ring 99 can be trained. The cylinder bearing is made by means of a screwed retaining ring 98 held.

While the inner ring 99 on the heel of the socket 94 by means of one or more screws 101 for the seat adjustment of the cylinder bearing 97 is connected, is the outer ring 102 of the cylinder bearing 97 in one at the end of the bale of the forme cylinder 16 located, arranged in the axial direction bore 103 arranged. Thus, the cylinder bearing is located 97 within the barrel length of the forme cylinder 16 ,

The socket 94 has at its other, side frame fixedly mounted end in a bore a support bearing 104 for the journal 86 on.

The distance between the bale edge and a cylinder bearing center between cylinder bearings 97 and support bearings 104 is arranged, is thus reduced to less than 100 mm, in particular 75 mm.

The pin 86 protrudes over the outside of the side frame 93 out to the gear 82 rotatably to drive the forme cylinder 16 take.

In particular embodiments of the printing units, as monoprint unit, nine-person satellite and ten-satellite unit according to 17a . 17b . 17c lie form cylinder 16 , Transfer cylinder 17 and impression cylinder 18 in printing operation in one plane. By the way we arrange the relative deflection between form cylinder 16 and transfer cylinder 17 , as well as between transfer cylinders 17 and train 03 reduced by suitable squeezing adjustment in the nips.

To reduce the through the channels 34 . 44 . 46 in the cylinders and rolls caused channel blows when overflowing the openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 be the openings 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 not executed continuously over the entire cylinder length but arranged offset ("stacked") An example of the transfer cylinder is shown in perspective in FIG 6a ). In further embodiments, the longitudinal displacement of the printing plates 19 of the forme cylinder 16 in an associated offset of the blankets 22 the transfer cylinder 17 added.

18a shows a preferred assignment of the forme cylinder 16 with printing plates 19 , With UM is the length of the circumference of the forme cylinder 16 designated. Along the circumference UM are two printing plates 19 applied. In the 18a shown occupancy points in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 16 a change in the cylinder center. There are the printing plates 19 offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction UM arranged.

18b and 18c show two with the in 18a described printing plate assignment corresponding assignment of the transfer cylinder 17 with soft blankets 22 , The transfer rollers in 18b have four soft blankets 22 on, with adjacent blankets 22 are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction by 90 ° to each other.

The alternative blanket assignment of the transfer roller in 18c has only two offset by 90 ° rubber blankets arranged 22 on.

In 19a a second stacked printing plate assembly is shown. In the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinder 16 two transfers are planned. An offset occurs between the second and third printing plates 19 in the longitudinal direction, and a second offset occurs between the sixth and seventh pressure plate 19 in the longitudinal direction.

The assignment of the transfer cylinder 17 with blankets 22 takes the displacements of the printing plates 19 on the form cylinder 16 on. The transfer cylinder 17 has a medium sized blanket 22 and two smaller side blankets 22 on. The big and the two small blankets 22 are arranged offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction.

• – unter Verwendung eines „weichen" Aufzug 22 auf dem Übertragungszylinder 17 entsprechend o. g. Definitionen, (Steigungen, Flächenpressungen, Eindrückungen)
• – und/oder mit einem „weichen" Walzenbelag 26 auf der Farbauftrag- und/oder Feuchtauftragwalze entsprechend o. g. Definitionen belegt.

In a very preferred embodiment of a printing unit for the printing of eight juxtaposed print pages, in particular Zeitungssei This is done by the following features:

• - using a "soft" elevator 22 on the transfer cylinder 17 according to the above definitions, (gradients, surface pressures, indentations)
• - and / or with a "soft" roll coating 26 on the inking and / or dampening roller according to the above definitions.

• – eine Lagerung der Zylinder 16; 17 innerhalb einer Gestellflucht, d. h. auf den Zylindern zugeordneten Gestellseiten, erfolgen (Verkürzung der zapfen)
• – und/oder die Rotationsachsen von Form-, Übertragungs- und Gegendruckzylinder 16; 17; 18 in Druck-An in einer gemeinsamen Ebene anzuordnen,
• – eine Zylinderkontur in Längsrichtung im Hinblick auf ein optimales Transportverhalten hin zu variieren,

Advantageously, for the reduction of static / dynamic surface pressure variations in addition or as a substitute

• - A storage of the cylinder 16 ; 17 within a frame alignment, ie on the sides of the frame assigned to the cylinders (shortening of the pins)
• - And / or the axes of rotation of form, transfer and impression cylinder 16 ; 17 ; 18 to arrange in print-on in a common plane,
• To vary a cylinder contour in the longitudinal direction with regard to an optimal transport behavior,

• – am Formzylinder in Umfangsrichtung betrachtet immer zwei um 180° versetzte Kanalöffnungen hintereinander und am Übertragungszylinder in Umfangsrichtung betrachtet immer nur eine Kanalöffnung entlang des Umfangs vorhanden ist,
• – Kanalbreiten von kleiner 4 mm, besonders kleiner 3 mm (am Formzylinder und am Übertragungszylinder) realisiert sind,
• – ein Metalldrucktuch Verwendung findet,
• – Die Druckeinheit als Satellitendruckeinheit, insbesondere Neunzylinder-Satellitendruckeinheit ausgebildet ist

For further reduction can advantageously additionally or alternatively

• - viewed on the forme cylinder in the circumferential direction always two 180 ° offset channel openings one behind the other and viewed on the transfer cylinder in the circumferential direction is always only one channel opening along the circumference,
• - Channel widths of less than 4 mm, especially smaller 3 mm (on the forme cylinder and on the transfer cylinder) are realized,
• - a metal blanket is used,
• - The printing unit is designed as a satellite printing unit, in particular nine-cylinder satellite printing unit

The mentioned features all in combination or depending on requirements in special combinations lead to advantageous designs.

01

printing tower

02

Printing unit Mono-printing unit, satellite printing unit, nine-cylinder

Satellite printing unit Ten-cylinder satellite printing unit, H-printing unit

03

Train, part web

04

superstructure

05

06

Slitter

07

Turning device, turning device

08

register means

09

harp

10

11

folding structure

12

folding

13

printing unit

14

inking

15

paintbox

16

Form cylinder, cylinder

17

Transfer cylinder, cylinder

18

Pressure cylinder, Impression cylinder, satellite cylinder

19

Elevator, Printing form, printing plate

20

21

Dampening system, spray dampening

22

Elevator, Blanket, metal blanket

23

Inking roller

24

Dampener roller

25

26

Inking roller covering

27

Dampener roller cover

28

Support plate backing

29

Layer, Rubber coating, rubber coating

30

31

leading end End, suspension leg

32

trailing End, suspension leg

33

opening

34

channel

35

36

lateral surface

37

clamp

38

spring element

39

Register stone, Passer pin

40

41

Passer element

42

base

43

Regulators, Hollow body tube

44

channel

45

46

channel

47

lateral surface

48

Opening, slot

49

Opening, slot

50

51

Opening, slot

52

Opening, slot

53

drilling

54

Clamping piece, clamping element

55

56

spring element

57

Regulators, Hollow body tube

58

Regulators, Hollow body tube

59

Regulators, Hollow body tube

60

61

Regulators, Hollow body tube

62

filler

63

pressure device

64

pressing element, first rolling element, Roller, roller

65

66

pressing element, second rolling element, Roller, roller

67

traverse

68

Regulators, Hollow body, tube

69

Regulators, Hollow body, tube

70

71

drive motor

72

Transmission, Reduction gear

73

distribution cylinder

74

drive motor

75

76

distribution cylinder

77

drive motor

78

drive connection

79

80

81

pinion

82

drive wheel

83

drive wheel

84

drive wheel

85

86

spigot

87

drive wheel

88

drive wheel

89

Drive wheel, gear

90

91

nip

92

93

side frame

94

Rifle

95

96

collar

97

cylinder bearings

98

retaining ring

99

inner ring

100

101

screw

102

outer ring

103

drilling

104

support bearings

B

width

L

length

L16

length

L17

length

L18

length

L23

length

L24

length

s16

slot width

s17

slot width

MS

thickness

T

total thickness

t

layer thickness

F

line force

P

surface pressure

P _max

maximum surface pressure

U

section

AROUND

scope

V

connecting plane

δ

depression

R

direction of rotation

α

angle

α '

angle

β

angle

a

Elevator, hard surface, reference surface

b

Elevator, soft surface

Claims (50)

Printing unit with a forme cylinder ( 16 ) and an associated transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and at least one associated inking roller ( 23 ), wherein the form cylinder ( 16 ) with the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and the at least one inking roller ( 23 ) forms a pressure point, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ), the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and the at least one inking roller ( 23 ) with a width for the printing of eight stationary printed pages, in particular newspaper pages in broadsheet format, are executed and the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and / or the at least one inking roller ( 23 ) with a soft lift ( 19 . 22 ) or inking roller cover ( 26 ) are provided. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ) and / or the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) have a circumference which corresponds to at least two standing newspaper pages arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) twice the circumference of the forme cylinder ( 16 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a usable bale of the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and / or forme cylinder ( 16 ) has a circumference between 850 mm and 1300 mm and a length (L16) of 2450 mm - 3400 mm, in particular 2500 mm - 3200 mm. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a usable bale of the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) has a length of 2,450 mm to 3,200 mm and a circumference of 850 mm to 1,000 mm Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the usable bale of the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) and / or forme cylinder ( 16 ) has a length of 1,950 mm to 2,400 mm and a circumference of 980 mm to 1,300 mm. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ) in the axial direction on its lateral surface next to each other eight sections (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) for at least four lifts ( 19 ) in the axial direction and two elevators in the circumferential direction. Printing unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the elevators ( 19 ) of the section (A, B, C, D) and the sections (E, F, G, H) are each aligned with each other and are offset by 90 ° from each other. Printing unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) in the axial direction of its lateral surface on four sections (AB, CD, EF, GH) four elevators ( 22 ) and adjacent elevators are offset by 90 ° to each other. Printing unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) in the axial direction of its lateral surface on four sections (AB, CD, EF, GH) two equal-sized elevators ( 22 ), which are arranged offset in the circumferential direction by 90 °. Printing unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the elevators (C, D, E, F) associated with the middle sections ( 19 ) in relation to the elevators associated with the two lateral sections (A, B) and (G, H) ( 19 ) are arranged offset by 90 °. Printing unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) in the axial direction next to each other four sections (AB, CD, EF, GH) for three elevators ( 22 ), the middle elevator ( 22 ) in the axial direction about twice the length of the two outer elevators ( 22 ) and is offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction to the other two Printing unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ) in the axial direction on its lateral surface side by side eight sections (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) for eight elevators ( 19 ) in the axial direction and two elevators ( 19 ) in the circumferential direction, wherein the eight juxtaposed elevators ( 19 ) are aligned with each other. Printing unit according to claim 13, characterized in that the transfer cylinder has four sections (AB, CD, EF, GH) for four elevators ( 22 ), which are arranged alternately offset by 180 °. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a transfer cylinder ( 17 ) an elevator ( 22 ) with an elastic and / or compressible layer ( 29 ), which has a dependence of a surface pressure (P) on the indentation (δ) whose pitch dP / dδ is at least in a working range of less than 700 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in particular less than 400 (N / cm ² ) / mm is. Printing unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the pitch dP / dδ at least in an area for the indentation (δ) of 0.22 mm to 0.38 mm smaller than 700 (N / cm ² ) / mm, in an advantageous embodiment less than 500 (N / cm ² ) / mm, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment, less than 250 (N / cm ² ) / mm. Printing unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the layer ( 29 ) has a thickness (t) of at least 1.6 mm, especially more than 1.90 mm, in particular more than 2.2 mm. Printing unit according to claim 15, characterized in that a by pressing the layer ( 29 ) resulting contact zone between the forming and transfer cylinders ( 16 ; 17 ) perpendicular to a connecting plane (V) of its axes of rotation in the nip ( 03 ) is at least three times as wide as a slot width on the lateral surface of the cooperating forme cylinder ( 16 ). Printing unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the elevator ( 22 ) a carrier plate ( 28 ) on which the layer ( 29 ) is arranged. Printing unit according to claim 15, characterized in that suspension legs ( 31 . 32 ) of the carrier plate ( 28 ) of the layer ( 29 ) and the suspension legs ( 31 . 32 ) in openings of the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) are hooked. Printing unit according to claim 20, characterized in that the openings ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 51 ) of the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) have a width of less than 4mm, especially less than 3mm. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inking roller ( 23 ) and / or dampening roller ( 24 ) a soft inking roller coating ( 26 ) or dampening roller cover ( 27 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the covering ( 26 . 27 ) has a layer thickness of more than 15 mm. Printing unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the covering ( 26 . 27 ) has a material with a hardness of less than 20 ShA. Printing unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the covering ( 26 . 27 ) has at least two individual layers of different material. Printing unit according to Claim 25, characterized that the individual layers each have a material with different modulus of elasticity exhibit. Printing unit according to claim 25, characterized by exactly two single layers with an inner single layer, the a porous one gas-filled rubber matrix and an outer single layer, the one non-porous Cover layer has. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinders ( 16 . 17 ) for receiving ends of the elevators ( 19 . 22 ) on its outer surface ( 36 . 47 ) at least two circumferentially offset, axially extending openings ( 33 . 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) exhibit. Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ) for receiving ends of the elevators ( 19 ) on its lateral surface ( 36 ) four circumferentially offset, axially extending openings ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 29, characterized in that a width of the openings ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) in the region of the lateral surface ( 36 ) in the circumferential direction is less than or equal to 3 mm. Printing unit according to claim 30, characterized in that on the mantle surface ( 36 ) of the forme cylinder ( 16 ) two mutually offset by 180 ° openings from one end of the forme cylinder ( 16 ) starting from the section (A, B, C, D) of the forme cylinder ( 16 ) extend in the axial direction and two offset by 90 ° to the two openings arranged openings over the other sections (E, F, G, H) of the cylinder ( 16 ). Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) on its lateral surface ( 47 ) four areas (AB, CD, EF, GH), each with an opening ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) and the openings ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) of the four areas (AB, CD, EF, GH) to openings of adjacent areas (AB, CD, EF, GH) are arranged offset by 180 °. Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) on its lateral surface ( 47 ) four areas (AB, CD, EF, GH), each with an opening ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) and the openings ( 48 . 49 . 51 . 52 ) of the four areas (AB, CD, EF, GH) to openings of adjacent areas (AB, CD, EF, GH) are arranged offset by 180 °. Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 16 ) for receiving hangers ( 31 . 32 ) of elevators ( 19 ) on its lateral surface ( 36 ) has six circumferentially offset, axially extending openings, each offset by 180 ° arranged two openings in the outer sections (A, B, G, H) and two offset by 180 ° arranged openings in the sections (C, D, E, F) are located. Printing unit according to claim 28, characterized in that in the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) is arranged along the central portions (C, D, E, F) has an opening in the axial direction and along the sections A, B) and the section (G, H) in each case one to the central openings offset by 90 ° openings arranged in axial direction are arranged. Printing unit according to Claim 1, characterized by an impression cylinder which is connected to the forme cylinder ( 16 ) and the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) is arranged in a plane. Printing unit according to claim 36, characterized in that the impression cylinder ( 18 ) another transfer cylinder ( 17 ). Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that an outer ring ( 102 ) of a warehouse ( 97 ) within a bale of the cylinder ( 16 ) is arranged and an inner ring ( 99 ) of a warehouse ( 97 ) on one in a side frame ( 93 ) arranged bushing ( 94 ) is arranged. Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that a pin ( 86 ) firmly with the bale of the cylinder ( 16 ) and through the socket ( 94 ) through an outside of the side frame ( 93 protrudes. Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the bushing ( 86 ) at its other, side frame fixedly mounted end of a support bearing ( 104 ) for the storage of the pin ( 86 ) of the cylinder ( 16 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of forme cylinder ( 16 ) and / or transfer cylinders ( 17 ) vary axially and thus the surface pressure (P) remains axially substantially constant. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a storage of forming and / or transfer cylinder ( 16 ; 17 ) on an inner side of the frame wall side of a frame escape, ie on the cylinders associated frame sides occurs. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes of rotation of form, transmission ( 16 ; 17 ) and with the transfer cylinder ( 17 ) cooperating impression cylinder ( 19 ) are arranged in pressure-An in a common plane (E). Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized that a cylinder contour in the longitudinal direction in terms of optimal transport behavior convex or concave is varied. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized that the printing unit as a satellite printing unit, in particular as Nine-cylinder satellite printing unit, is formed. Method for determining a spring characteristic of an inking roller cover ( 26 ) or dampening roller coverings ( 27 ) in particular according to claim 1, by - the inking roller covering ( 26 ) or dampening roller cover ( 27 ), - the depth of the indentation (δ) is determined, - the line force (f) resulting from the indentation (δ) is measured and - the above steps are repeated for different impressions (δ), - a spring characteristic as the Slope of line force / indentation as a function of line force (f) is determined. A method according to claim 46, characterized in that the inking roller covering ( 26 ) or dampening roller cover ( 27 ) is heated to 27 ° to 33 ° C, in particular about 30 ° C, tempered. A method according to claim 46, characterized in that the inking roller covering ( 26 ) or dampening roller cover ( 27 ) is successively pressed in increasing depths between 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm. A method according to claim 46, characterized in that a reference coating (a) with a hardness of about 20 ShA and a layer thickness of 15mm is determined, and the minimum line force (f _min ) for a depression of 0.05 mm and a maximum line force (f _max ) indentation of 0.25 mm is measured. A method according to claim 46, characterized in that the impressions of the inking roller cover ( 26 ) or dampening roller cover ( 27 ) in the range between the minimum line force (f _min ) and the maximum line force (f _max ) are successively increased.