EP1373585B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes Download PDFInfo
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- EP1373585B1 EP1373585B1 EP02703388A EP02703388A EP1373585B1 EP 1373585 B1 EP1373585 B1 EP 1373585B1 EP 02703388 A EP02703388 A EP 02703388A EP 02703388 A EP02703388 A EP 02703388A EP 1373585 B1 EP1373585 B1 EP 1373585B1
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- Prior art keywords
- hard metal
- producing
- drying
- slurry
- spray
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/026—Spray drying of solutions or suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1026—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a solution or a suspension of (a) compound(s) of at least one of the alloy constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a hard metal approach from hard material components, binder metal components and water-insoluble ones Pressing agent fractions by drying a constituent containing Wet sludge with pure water as liquid phase.
- Carbide-alloy shaped parts are produced by pressing and sintering a mixture of the powdery starting materials, the so-called hard metal batch.
- the individual hard and binder metal powders are first brought by grinding with the addition of liquid in finely disperse mixture in the form of a wet sludge.
- this step is associated with comminution of the starting powders, while with fine-grained starting bulbs, mainly homogenisation of the wet sludge takes place.
- the liquid is intended on the one hand to prevent the caking of the powder particles and on the other hand their oxidation during the grinding.
- Attritors As a suitable Mahtaggregate today almost exclusively agitator ball mills so-called attritors are used, in which the ground material is mixed in a cylindrical container together with carbide balls by a multi-bladed stirring in motion.
- a pressing aid eg in the form of paraffin
- the addition of a pressing aid facilitates the compression of the hard metal approach during the pressing process and results in a better green strength and thus improved handling of the pressed moldings.
- the wet sludge is then dried to form the finished hard metal batch which is further processed by pressing and sintering.
- a commonly used method of drying is spray drying.
- wet sludge is passed through a nozzle, which is located inside a spray tower, sprayed.
- a hot one Gas stream dries the sprayed droplets on the flight path and these divide in the lower conical part of the spray tower in the form of small Beads as so-called carbide granules from where it is then removed can be.
- carbide granules from where it is then removed can be.
- the spray towers of spray drying in the cemented carbide industry are designed with a cylindrical upper portion and a tapered, lower portion and work in countercurrent to the fountain principle, ie located in the lower portion of the spray tower is centrally arranged the spray lance the wet sludge from high pressure about 12 to 24 bar sprayed in the form of a fountain upwards.
- the gas stream for drying the sprayed droplets is directed from above against the spray direction of the droplets and leaves the spray tower in the upper third of the tapered portion below the spray lance. In this way, the droplets are first pushed upwards and then diverted downwards due to gravity and the oppositely directed gas flow.
- Spray towers that operate in countercurrent to the fountain principle, are in the Practice with a cylindrical section with a height in the range of about 2 to 9 m with a ratio of height to diameter in the range of run about 0.9 to 1.7, while spray towers, in co-current with Feed from above working, with a cylindrical section with a height in the Range of about 5 to 25 m with a numerical ratio of height to Diameter in the range of about 1 to 5 are executed.
- carbide of course also called cermets, a special group of hard metals, usually containing nitrogen Includes hard materials.
- US-A-5922978 discloses a process wherein urea moieties, binder metal moieties and Pressant shares in the water are mixed to a wet sludge, z. B. by Grind.
- the auxiliary ingredients are preferably used as paraffin water emulsion added. The order of addition of hard material, binder metal shares and press tooling shares is not fixed.
- US Pat. No. 4,397,889 describes a process for producing a hard metal batch in which a pressing aid which is insoluble in the liquid grinding medium used is used.
- a pressing aid which is insoluble in the liquid grinding medium used
- paraffin is also mentioned as a pressing aid and water as a grinding medium.
- it is proposed according to the US Patent first to heat the hard material powder fractions with or without binding metal content to a temperature above the melting point of the pressing aid and then to mix with the pressing aid. Then the powder mixture is cooled as quickly as possible to keep oxidation of the powder within limits. In order to avoid excessive clumping of the powder mixture during cooling, the powder mixture is kneaded.
- the binder metal components are added and the powder mixture is ground in water.
- the resulting wet sludge is then sprayed, for example, in a spray-drying plant and dried.
- a disadvantage of this method is that the mixing devices in which the mixing of the hard metal powder is carried out with the pressing aids, are heavily contaminated by lumpy, sticking residues of the powder-Pressosffenmischung and must be removed with large, costly cleaning effort before each new production of a hard metal approach.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a carbide approach, in which the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art are avoided. According to the invention this is achieved in that in the preparation of the hard metal approach first the hard material and binder components are ground with water to form a wet sludge and that the wet sludge after milling the Pressangesmittefanmaschine in the form of a
- Emulsion which with the help of an emulsifier with the addition of water is prepared, mixed.
- the emulsifier must be based on the specific composition be matched to be emulsified pressing aid.
- the important thing here is, that the emulsifier is not harmful to the further Hartrnetallherzan Substances, such as alkali, alkaline earth, or sulfur compounds contains, which can form fracture-initiating phases after sintering.
- no emulsion-stabilizing additives such as For example, pH-increasing agents may be included as these additives during dewaxing may not evaporate completely residue-free and Problems in the subsequent sintering of carbide approach prepare can. Even without such stabilizing additives, the emulsion is at Storage below room temperature for at least 5 days stable, causing a trouble-free production process during the production of the carbide approach is guaranteed.
- the grinding of the Hard material and binder metal components preferably in the attritor with a viscosity of the wet sludge in the range between 2,500 to 8,000 mPas (measured in a rheometer type RC 20 from Europhysics at a Shear rate of 5.2 [1 / s]) with at least 4 to 8 times Volume exchange per hour is performed.
- a spray tower with a cylindrical section and a conical section is used, in which the gas stream for drying the wet sludge has an inlet temperature in the range of 130 to 195 ° C and an outlet temperature in the range of 85 to 117 ° C and wherein the Spray tower is designed and operated so that the numerical ratio of the supplied via the wet sludge amount of water in liters per hour to the tower volume in m 3 in the range between 0.5 and 1.8 and that atomizes a maximum of 0.17 kg wet sludge per m 3 supplied drying gas wherein the wet sludge has a solids content in the range of 65 to 85 wt.%.
- the amount of energy available resulting from the amount and temperature of the supplied gas stream must be sufficient to the supplied amount of water easily evaporate.
- the carbon balance taking into account the chemical analysis of the starting powder used and the oxygen uptake during milling and spray drying is adjusted, possibly by adding carbon before grinding that with the hard metal granules the production of a finished sintered carbide without eta-phase and without free carbon is guaranteed.
- the average grain size of the produced by the special spray drying Granules are usually between 90 and 250 microns and can by the size the spray nozzle opening, the viscosity of the wet sludge to be sprayed and the spray pressure can be adjusted.
- the mean grain size is the more smaller, the smaller the nozzle opening, the lower the viscosity and the higher the Spray pressure is.
- the amount of supplied via the spray nozzle Wet sludge will turn over the spray pressure as well as over the size of the Swirl chamber and nozzle opening of the spray nozzle regulated.
- the special spray-drying is applicable to both co-current and countercurrent spray-drying equipment, it has proven particularly useful in countercurrent systems using the fountain principle, whereby the spray-drying plant can be manufactured in a compact design. It is advantageous to carry out the cylindrical, upper section of the spray tower with about 6 m in height and about 4 - 5 m in diameter. For the adjoining, conical lower section, a cone angle of approximately 45 ° - 50 ° has been proven.
- a special advantage of the special spray-drying is also that as Drying gas air can be used, causing spray drying turn extremely inexpensive.
- a spray-drying plant which in countercurrent Working according to the fountain principle, it is advantageous to use the Temperature of the incoming drying air at the upper end of the cylindrical Section and the temperature of the exiting drying air in the area the conical section of the spray tower within the specified Adjust areas so that the geometric center of gravity of the Spray tower sets a temperature between about 70 and 120 ° C. Under these conditions will minimize the oxidation of the Carbide granulates achieved.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic illustration of a spray tower in particular advantageous production of hard metal granules from an inventive prepared wet sludge.
- the spray tower -1- consists of a cylindrical section -2- and an adjoining, conically tapering down section -3-.
- the spray tower -1- works in countercurrent to the fountain principle, ie, the gas stream for drying the wet sludge is fed at the upper end -11- of the cylindrical portion -2- and blown down, while the wet sludge to be atomized at the lower end of the cylindrical portion - 2- is sprayed over a spray lance -4- with a nozzle opening -5- on the principle of a fountain up against the direction of the gas stream -6.
- the sprayed liquid droplets -7- are thus first directed upward and then change due to the opposite gas flow and due to gravity their direction and fall down.
- the liquid droplets -7- Before hitting the bottom of the spray tower -1-, the tapered portion -3-, the liquid droplets -7- must be converted into the dried granules. Through the conically tapered portion -3- of the spray tower, the granules to the discharge opening -8- passed.
- the gas stream -6- has an inlet temperature in the range of 130 to 195 ° C and an exit temperature on leaving the spray tower through the outlet pipe -9- below the spray lance -4- in the upper third of the conical section -3-, ranging from 85 to 117 ° C.
- the gas inlet and outlet gas temperature are advantageously coordinated so that sets a temperature between about 70 and 120 ° C in the geometric center of gravity -S- of the spray tower.
- the amount of energy provided by the temperature conditions and the amount of the supplied drying gas which is sufficient for easy evaporation of the supplied via the wet sludge amount of water. It is advantageous if the conically tapering section -3- of the spray tower is double-walled for passing a cooling liquid, eg water.
- the granules are cooled in this area to at least 75 ° C. After leaving the spray tower -1- through the outlet opening -8- the granules pass to a cooling channel -10- where it is then cooled to room temperature.
- a guarded cemented carbide granules with a mean particle size of 125 microns consisting of, apart from the 2% wax content (paraffin), 6 wt.% Cobalt, 0.4 wt.% Vanadium carbide, remainder tungsten carbide, 36 kg of cobalt powder having an average particle size of about 0.8 microns FSSS and an oxygen content of 0.56 wt.%, 2.4 kg of vanadium carbide powder having an average particle size of about 1.2 microns FSSS and an oxygen content of 0.25 wt.% And 561.6 kg tungsten carbide powder with a BET surface area of 1.78 m 2 / g, which corresponds to an average particle size of about 0.6 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of 0.28% by weight, with 148 liters of water in an attritor for 5 hours.
- the emulsion was prepared in a commercially available emulsifier from IKA, Germany.
- 40 kg of paraffin wax were mixed with 2 kg of a commercial emulsifier, essentially a mixture of fatty alcohol polyglycol ether and monodiglyceride and melted at 85 ° C.
- the exact composition of the emulsifier is to be adjusted empirically to the exact composition of the paraffin wax used).
- 40 kg of water were added and brought to the same temperature.
- the Hochdispergier réelle was switched on for Emutsionsher ein for 60 minutes. This was followed by a controlled cooling of the emulsion at 2 ° C per minute to room temperature with the aid of a stirrer.
- a check of the droplet size distribution in a laser granulometer revealed a mean diameter d 50 of 1.16 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2 shows a KRYO-SEM image of the finished emulsion in a magnification of 7,500 ⁇ .
- a spray tower -1- having a cylindrical portion -2- with a height of 6 m and a diameter of 4 m and a tapered portion -3- with a cone angle of 50 ° was used, resulting in a Tower volume of 93 m 3 corresponds.
- the spray tower was designed to operate in countercurrent to the fountain principle.
- air was used, which was supplied to the spray tower at 4000 m 3 / h.
- the slurry was fed to the spray tower through a spray lance 4 with a single fluid nozzle -5- with an outlet opening of 1.12 mm diameter at a pressure of 15 bar, resulting in a slurry feed of 0.08 kg wet sludge per m 3 of drying air revealed.
- the air outlet temperature was set to a constant value of 88 ° C, which was achieved under the given conditions by an air inlet temperature of 145 ° C.
- the atomization of 0.08 kg of wet sludge per m 3 of supplied drying air means that 320 kg of wet sludge were sprayed per hour at an air supply of 4000 m 3 per hour.
- the 320 kg of wet sludge per hour correspond to an hourly supplied amount of 80 liters.
- the ratio of the amount of water supplied in liters per hour, based on the tower volume, was therefore 80 l / h / 93 m 3 0.86 l / m 3 .h.
- the oxygen content of the granules produced was 0.51% by weight.
- FIG. 3 shows a picture of the one produced according to the example Carbide granulates with a mean grain size of 125 ⁇ m in 50-fold Enlargement.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Als geeignete Mahtaggregate werden heute praktisch ausschließlich Rührwerkskugelmühlen sogenannte Attritoren verwendet, in denen das Mahlgut in einem zylindrischen Behälter zusammen mit Hartmetallkugeln durch einen mehrflügeligen Rührarm in Bewegung versetzt wird. In den durch die Mahlung unter Flüssigkeitszugabe entstehenden Nassschlamm wird in den meisten Fällen ein Presshilfsmittel, z.B. in Form von Paraffin zugegeben. Die Zugabe eines Presshilfsmittels erleichtert das Verdichten des Hartmetallansatzes beim Pressvorgang und ergibt eine bessere Grünfestigkeit und damit verbessertes "handling" der gepressten Formteile. Der Nassschlamm wird dann getrocknet, wodurch der fertige durch Pressen und Sintern weiterverarbeitbare Hartmetallansatz gebildet wird.
Auf diese Weise werden die Tröpfchen zuerst nach oben gedrückt und dann aufgrund der Schwerkraft und der entgegengesetzt gerichteten Gasströmung nach unten umgeleitet. Im Zuge des Durchlaufens dieses Trocknungsweges werden die Tröpfchen in ein kompaktes Granulat mit einer geringen Restfeuchte umgewandelt, welches dann nach Auftreffen auf dem Boden des Sprühturmes durch dessen kegelförmig zulaufenden Verlauf automatisch zur zentralen Entnahmeöffnung rieselt.
Dadurch, dass die Flugbahn der versprühten Tröpfchen zuerst nach oben und dann nach unten verläuft, ergibt sich im Vergleich zu Sprühtürmen, die im Gleichstrom arbeiten eine kompakte Bauweise. Beim Gleichstromverfahren verlaufen sowohl die Versprühung des Nassschlammes, als auch der Strom der Trocknungsluft vom oberen Ende des Sprühturmes aus nach unten. Beim Gegenstromverfahren ist der gleiche Trocknungsweg für die Trocknung der Tröpfchen mit etwa der halben Sprühturmhöhe erreicht.
In diesen Lösungsmitteln sind die in der Praxis häufig verwendeten Presshilfsmittel auf Wachsbasis wie Paraffin in der Regel gut löslich, so dass sich keine Probleme beim Mahlen und Versprühen des Hartmetallansatzes ergeben.
Zudem muss die Trocknung im Sprühturm unter Schutzgasatmosphäre, in der Regel Stickstoff, durchgeführt werden.
Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist, dass die Mischeinrichtungen in denen die Vermischung des Hartmetallpulvers mit dem Presshilfsmittel erfolgt, durch verklumpte, festhaftende Restmengen der Pulver-Presshilfsmittelmischung stark verunreinigt werden und mit großem, kostenintensiven Reinigungsaufwand vor jeder neuen Fertigung eines Hartmetallansatzes entfernt werden müssen.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass bei der Herstellung des Hartmetallansatzes zuerst die Hartstoff- und Bindemittelanteile mit Wasser unter Bildung eines Nassschlammes vermahlen werden und dass dem Nassschlamm nach dem Mahlen die Presshilfsmittefanteile in Form einer
Eine Oxidation auch extrem feinkörniger Ausgangspulver wird unter den genannten Verfahrensbedingungen weitgehend verhindert.
Selbstverständlich wird bei diesem Verfahren, wie bei der Herstellung von Hartmetallgranulat generell üblich, die Kohlenstoffbilanz, unter Berücksichtigung der chemischen Analyse der verwendeten Ausgangspulver und der Sauerstoffaufnahme beim Mahlen und Sprühtrocknen so eingestellt, unter Umständen durch Zugabe von Kohlenstoff vor dem Mahlen, dass mit dem Hartmetallgranulat die Herstellung eines fertiggesinterten Hartmetalles ohne eta-Phase und ohne freien Kohlenstoff gewährleistet ist.
Dabei ist es von Vorteil, den zylindrischen, oberen Abschnitt des Sprühturmes mit etwa 6 m Höhe und etwa 4 - 5 m Durchmesser auszuführen. Für den daran anschließenden, kegelförmigen unteren Abschnitt hat sich ein Kegelwinkel von etwa 45° - 50° bewährt.
Die versprühten Flüssigkeitströpfchen -7- sind also zuerst nach oben gerichtet und ändern dann aufgrund des entgegengerichteten Gasstromes und aufgrund der Schwerkraft ihre Richtung und fallen nach unten. Vor dem Auftreffen auf den Boden des Sprühturmes -1-, den kegelförmig zulaufende Abschnitt -3-, müssen die Flüssigkeitströpfchen -7- in das getrocknete Granulat umgewandelt sein.
Durch den kegelförmig zulaufenden Abschnitt -3- des Sprühturmes wird das Granulat zur Entnahmeöffnung -8- geleitet. Der Gasstrom -6- hat eine Eintrittstemperatur im Bereich von 130 bis 195°C und eine Austrittstemperatur beim Verlassen des Sprühturmes durch das Austrittsrohr -9- unterhalb der Sprühlanze -4- im oberen Drittel des kegelförmigen Abschnittes -3-, im Bereich von 85 bis 117°C. Die Gaseintritts- und Gasaustrittstemperatur werden vorteilhafterweise so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass sich im geometrischen Schwerpunkt -S- des Sprühturmes eine Temperatur zwischen etwa 70 und 120°C einstellt. Wichtig dabei ist, dass das Verhältnis der über den Nassschlamm zugeführten Wassermenge in Litern pro Stunde, bezogen auf das Turmvolumen in m3 im Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 1,8 liegt und dass pro m3 zugeführtem Trocknungsgas maximal 0,17 kg Nassschlamm zerstäubt werden, wobei der Nassschlamm einen Feststoffgehalt im Bereich von 65 bis 85 Gew.% aufweist. Dabei muss natürlich gewährleistet sein, dass durch die Temperaturverhältnisse und die Menge des zugeführten Trocknungsgases die Energiemenge zur Verfügung gestellt wird, die zur problemlosen Verdampfung der über den Nassschlamm zugeführten Wassermenge ausreichend ist.
Von Vorteil ist es, wenn der kegelförmig zulaufende Abschnitt -3- des Sprühturmes doppelwandig zum Durchleiten einer Kühlflüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser, ausgeführt wird.
Mit dieser Maßnahme wird das Granulat in diesem Bereich auf mindestens 75°C abgekühlt.
Nach dem Verlassen des Sprühturmes -1- durch die Auslassöffnung -8-gelangt das Granulat auf eine Kühlrinne -10- wo es dann bis auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wird.
Die Herstellung der Emulsion erfolgte in einer handelsüblichen Emulgieranlage der Fa. IKA, Deutschland. Dabei wurden 40 kg Paraffinwachs mit 2 kg eines handelsüblichen Emulgators, im wesentlichen einer Mischung aus Fettalkoholpolyglykolether und Monodiglycerid versetzt und bei 85°C aufgeschmolzen. (Die genaue Zusammensetzung des Emulgators ist dabei empirisch auf die genaue Zusammensetzung des verwendeten Paraffinwachses abzustimmen). Nach dem Aufschmelzen wurden 40 kg Wasser zugegeben und auf gleiche Temperatur gebracht. Dann wurde zur Emutsionsherstellung für 60 Minuten das Hochdispergiergerät zugeschaltet. Danach erfolgte eine kontrollierte Abkühlung der Emulsion mit 2°C pro Minute auf Raumtemperatur unter Zuhilfenahme eines Rührwerkes. Eine Überprüfung der Tröpfchengrößenverteilung in einem Lasergranulometer ergab einen mittleren Durchmesser d50 von 1,16 µm.
Figur 2 zeigt eine KRYO-REM Aufnahme der fertigen Emulsion in 7.500-facher Vergrößerung.
Der Nassschlamm wurde dem Sprühturm über eine Sprühlanze -4-, mit einer Einstoffdüse -5- mit einer Austrittsöffnung von 1,12 mm Durchmesser, mit einem Druck von 15 bar zugeführt, wodurch sich eine Nassschlammbeschickung von 0,08 kg Nassschlamm pro m3 Trocknungsluft ergab. Die Luftaustrittstemperatur wurde auf einen konstanten Wert von 88°C eingestellt, was unter den gegebenen Verhältnissen durch eine Lufteingangstemperatur von 145°C erreicht wurde. Die Zerstäubung von 0,08 kg Nassschlamm pro m3 zugeführter Trocknungsluft bedeutet, dass bei einer Luftzufuhr von 4000 m3 pro Stunde 320 kg Nassschlamm pro Stunde versprüht wurden. Da der Nassschlamm auf 75 % Feststoffgehalt eingestellt wurde, entsprechen die 320 kg Nassschlamm pro Stunde einer stündlich zugeführten Wassermenge von 80 Litern.
Das Verhältnis der zugeführten Wassermenge in Litern pro Stunde, bezogen auf das Turmvolumen, lag daher bei 80 l/h / 93 m3 = 0,86 I / m3.h.
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes aus Hartstoffanteilen, Bindemetallanteilen und wasserunlöslichen Presshilfsmittelanteilen durch Trocknen eines die Bestandteile enthaltenden Nassschlammes mit reinem Wasser als Flüssigphase,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zuerst die Hartstoff- und Bindemetallanteile mit Wasser unter Bildung eines Nassschlammes vermahlen werden und dass dem Nassschlamm nach dem Mahlen die Presshilfsmittelanteile in Form einer Emulsion, welche mit Hilfe eines Emulgators unter Zugabe von Wasser hergestellt wird, zugemischt werden. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Emulgator verwendet wird, der die Herstellung einer Emulsion mit Einzeltröpfchen mit einem mittleren Tröpfchendurchmesser von weniger als 1,5 µm ermöglicht.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Presshilfsmittel Paraffin verwendet wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Emulgator eine Mischung von Fettalkoholpolyglykolether mit Monodiglyzeriden verwendet wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mahlen vorzugsweise im Attritor mit einer Viskosität des Nassschlammes im Bereich zwischen 2.500 bis 8.000 mPas bei einem mindestens 4- bis 8-maligen Volumsaustausch pro Stunde ausgeführt wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallansatzes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, in Form eines Hartmetallgranulates dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nassschlamm in einer Sprühtrocknungsanlage getrocknet wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallgranulates nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Sprühtrocknung ein Sprühturm -1- mit einem zylindrischen Abschnitt -2- und einem kegelförmigen Abschnitt -3-verwendet wird, bei dem der Gasstrom zur Trocknung des Nassschlammes eine Eingangstemperatur im Bereich von 130 - 195°C und eine Ausgangstemperatur im Bereich von 85 - 117°C aufweist und wobei der Sprühturm -1- so ausgelegt und betrieben wird, dass das Zahlenverhältnis der über den Nassschlamm zugeführten Wassermenge in Litern pro Stunde zum Turmvolumen in m3 im Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 1,8 liegt und dass maximal 0,17 kg Nassschlamm pro m3 zugeführtem Trocknungsgas zerstäubt werden, wobei der Nassschlamm einen Feststoffgehalt im Bereich von 65 bis 85 Gew.% aufweist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallgranulates nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sprühtrocknen im Gegenstrom nach dem Fontänenprinzip erfolgt und dass als Trocknungsgas Luft verwendet wird.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hartmetallgranulates nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gaseintritts- und Gasaustrittstemperatur so aufeinander abgestimmt werden, dass sich im geometrischen Schwerpunkt -S- des Sprühturmes -1- eine Temperatur zwischen etwa 70 und 120°C einstellt.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT02703388T ATE295903T1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes |
| DK02703388T DK1373585T4 (da) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-08 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en portion af hårdt metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT2302001 | 2001-03-29 | ||
| AT0023001U AT4928U1 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-03-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes |
| PCT/AT2002/000075 WO2002079531A2 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1373585A2 EP1373585A2 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
| EP1373585B1 true EP1373585B1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
| EP1373585B2 EP1373585B2 (de) | 2009-07-29 |
Family
ID=3484997
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02703388A Expired - Lifetime EP1373585B2 (de) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6733562B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1373585B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4044441B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100896827B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1206381C (de) |
| AT (2) | AT4928U1 (de) |
| BG (1) | BG65809B1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0204680B1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2409394C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50203144D1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1373585T4 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2240693T5 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL152969A (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02011766A (de) |
| PL (1) | PL201615B1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW565482B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002079531A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2857124A1 (de) | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Wässriger Schlamm zur Herstellung eines Pulvers aus hartem Material |
| EP2860274A2 (de) | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-15 | Kennametal India Limited | Hartmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben aus einem Hartmaterialenthaldenen wässrigen Schlamm aus einem Mahlprozess |
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| AT6486U1 (de) * | 2003-02-10 | 2003-11-25 | Plansee Tizit Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallansatzes |
| DE102004053221B3 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-02-02 | Zschimmer & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Chemische Fabriken | Flüssigkeit und deren Verwendung zur Aufbereitung von Hartmetallen |
| DE102004053222B3 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-01-26 | Zschimmer & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Chemische Fabriken | Flüssigkeit, deren Verwendung zur Aufbereitung von Pulvermischungen auf Eisen- oder Edelstahlbasis sowie ein Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Pulvermischungen auf Eisen- oder Edelstahlbasis |
| US7470307B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-12-30 | Climax Engineered Materials, Llc | Metal powders and methods for producing the same |
| AT9143U1 (de) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-05-15 | Ceratizit Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartmetallproduktes |
| DE102006043581B4 (de) * | 2006-09-12 | 2011-11-03 | Artur Wiegand | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Hartmetall- oder Cermetmischung |
| DE102007004937B4 (de) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-10-23 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Metallformulierungen |
| US8163066B2 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2012-04-24 | Peter Eisenberger | Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration structures and techniques |
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| US20140130670A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-15 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using the same |
| US8500857B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2013-08-06 | Peter Eisenberger | Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using gas mixture |
| US8197885B2 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2012-06-12 | Climax Engineered Materials, Llc | Methods for producing sodium/molybdenum power compacts |
| SE533922C2 (sv) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-03-01 | Seco Tools Ab | Sätt att tillverka hårdmetallprodukter |
| EP2246113A1 (de) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-03 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Mahlverfahren für Pulvermischungen mit Cermit oder zementiertem Karbid |
| US9028592B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-05-12 | Peter Eisenberger | System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration CO2 mixtures |
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| US10569244B2 (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2020-02-25 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Low temperature spray drying of carrier-free compositions |
| CN109365823B (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-02-02 | 上海材料研究所 | 一种整体硬质合金滚刀及其制造工艺 |
| CN112692294B (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-12-09 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种高比重钨合金粉末及其制备方法 |
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| WO2025010464A1 (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-16 | Swinburne University Of Technology | A carbide-complex concentrated alloy composite powder and method of forming thereof |
| CN117772382A (zh) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 中科雅丽科技有限公司 | 一种玻璃微珠研磨粉体细度精控调整方法 |
| CN118374713B (zh) * | 2024-03-29 | 2025-09-19 | 江西江钨硬质合金有限公司 | 一种高强度高韧性硬质合金及制备方法和应用 |
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| DE281359C (de) | ||||
| US4070184A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1978-01-24 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Process for producing refractory carbide grade powder |
| US4478888A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1984-10-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing refractory powder |
| US4397889A (en) | 1982-04-05 | 1983-08-09 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing refractory powder |
| US4456484A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1984-06-26 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing refractory powder |
| US4902471A (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1990-02-20 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for producing metal carbide grade powders |
| US5007957A (en) | 1990-09-10 | 1991-04-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for producing tungsten carbide grade powders suitable for isostatic compaction |
| US5045277A (en) | 1990-09-10 | 1991-09-03 | Gte Products Corporation | Method of producing metal carbide grade powders and controlling the shrinkage of articles made therefrom |
| US5922978A (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-07-13 | Omg Americas, Inc. | Method of preparing pressable powders of a transition metal carbide, iron group metal or mixtures thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-03-29 AT AT0023001U patent/AT4928U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-02-22 TW TW091103118A patent/TW565482B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-08 WO PCT/AT2002/000075 patent/WO2002079531A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-08 JP JP2002577935A patent/JP4044441B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-08 IL IL152969A patent/IL152969A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-08 AT AT02703388T patent/ATE295903T1/de active
- 2002-03-08 PL PL359344A patent/PL201615B1/pl unknown
- 2002-03-08 ES ES02703388T patent/ES2240693T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-08 DE DE50203144T patent/DE50203144D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-08 KR KR1020027014246A patent/KR100896827B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-08 BR BRPI0204680-6A patent/BR0204680B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-08 CN CNB028010051A patent/CN1206381C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-08 CA CA002409394A patent/CA2409394C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-08 DK DK02703388T patent/DK1373585T4/da active
- 2002-03-08 MX MXPA02011766A patent/MXPA02011766A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-08 EP EP02703388A patent/EP1373585B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-28 BG BG107223A patent/BG65809B1/bg unknown
- 2002-11-22 US US10/302,216 patent/US6733562B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2857124A1 (de) | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Wässriger Schlamm zur Herstellung eines Pulvers aus hartem Material |
| US9475945B2 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2016-10-25 | Kennametal Inc. | Aqueous slurry for making a powder of hard material |
| EP2860274A2 (de) | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-15 | Kennametal India Limited | Hartmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben aus einem Hartmaterialenthaldenen wässrigen Schlamm aus einem Mahlprozess |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6733562B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
| MXPA02011766A (es) | 2003-04-10 |
| ATE295903T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| BR0204680B1 (pt) | 2010-10-05 |
| IL152969A0 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
| CA2409394A1 (en) | 2002-11-19 |
| EP1373585A2 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
| AT4928U1 (de) | 2002-01-25 |
| DE50203144D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
| CA2409394C (en) | 2007-06-19 |
| DK1373585T3 (da) | 2005-09-05 |
| CN1206381C (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
| BG65809B1 (bg) | 2009-12-31 |
| PL359344A1 (pl) | 2004-08-23 |
| KR100896827B1 (ko) | 2009-05-12 |
| TW565482B (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| BG107223A (bg) | 2003-07-31 |
| WO2002079531A3 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
| IL152969A (en) | 2006-06-11 |
| JP2004518824A (ja) | 2004-06-24 |
| US20030075012A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
| WO2002079531A2 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
| CN1460126A (zh) | 2003-12-03 |
| PL201615B1 (pl) | 2009-04-30 |
| BR0204680A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
| KR20030007547A (ko) | 2003-01-23 |
| DK1373585T4 (da) | 2009-11-09 |
| ES2240693T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
| EP1373585B2 (de) | 2009-07-29 |
| JP4044441B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
| ES2240693T5 (es) | 2009-10-30 |
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