EP1168895B9 - Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung - Google Patents
Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1168895B9 EP1168895B9 EP00113560A EP00113560A EP1168895B9 EP 1168895 B9 EP1168895 B9 EP 1168895B9 EP 00113560 A EP00113560 A EP 00113560A EP 00113560 A EP00113560 A EP 00113560A EP 1168895 B9 EP1168895 B9 EP 1168895B9
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- switch
- assembly
- electrode
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/007—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving electric or magnetic fields in the process of plasma generation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pulsable device with an arrangement for generating radiation from a magnetic compressed electrical gas discharge and one Switch for triggering the radiation generation of the arrangement. It also relates to a method for generating radiation.
- Such devices are used for example Generation of EUV (extreme ultraviolet) and X-rays, the medium emitting the radiation being a plasma.
- EUV extreme ultraviolet
- X-rays the medium emitting the radiation being a plasma.
- preferred Application areas are projection lithography and Inspection and analysis procedures in this spectral range.
- a plasma as a source of X-ray light
- a pinch discharge for example, between Two electrodes generate a plasma that is used to emit the desired Radiation must be ignited.
- Z-pinch discharge is usually a cylindrical, pulsed high current gas discharge, which is characterized by magnetic Compression tied up into a stream of electricity.
- the atoms are ionized several times and in general high ionization levels reached.
- the different excited Ionic states give off radiation in the form of lines off, in the case of heavy materials sometimes also in the form of bands, which consist of many lines. 1 shows for clarification a circuit arrangement known from the prior art for Ignition of a gas discharge, the so-called Blumlein circuit.
- two capacitor banks C1, C2 are connected across charging resistors R charged to high voltage (HV).
- HV high voltage
- the switch S for example a spark gap or a thyratron the capacitors of capacitor bank C1 are short-circuited.
- This causes the capacitors of capacitor bank C1 to swing around, i.e. due to the dampened by the system electrical resonant circuit, the vibration behavior of its characteristics capacitance, inductance and ohmic resistance are determined, after a half-wave is almost in terms of the voltage at C2 is the same as at C2 is present, but with reverse polarity. So that's right the inputs of the two connections of the laser almost double High voltage on. This leads to the ignition of the gas discharge between the electrodes of the assembly.
- the problem of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 lies in that due to the high tensions involved in Switch the capacitor bank C1 the electrodes of the switch experience a burn that not only limits their lifespan, but also the reliability of the ignition of the gas discharge impaired.
- the inner electrode is therefore subjected to magnetic compression in the way which is why it is not possible to switch this as perform magnetically compressed gas discharge.
- the one from the Main discharge side let in gas pulse reaches the Switch timed only after entering the main discharge area has reached.
- the main discharge therefore does the pre-ionization for the switch. This switches after insertion the main discharge and then maintains it longer.
- the pulse generator has its own switch, which is designed as a spark gap.
- the Pre-discharge is therefore only a kind of secondary discharge and it does not serve to switch the energy of the main discharge.
- a CO 2 gas laser arrangement is known from US Pat. No. 4,509,176, which is designed as a double arrangement with metal rings, but is conventionally switched by a thyratron switch.
- SU-A-1,804,661 relates to a generator of hard X-rays with an electron beam, the brake radiation generated a target. Hydrogen is used as the gas. It is a so-called electron cyclotron resonance, where the orbits of the electrons are influenced by permanent magnets and be narrowed down.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object a device and a method of the type mentioned to provide the switching and operation at make optimal pressure and voltage values possible, at which the impairments due to erosion at the switch electrodes are reduced and repetition rates of more than 20 pulses per second are possible.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that when the Switch for triggering the radiation generation of the application also as a magnetically compressed electrical discharge is executed, no switch used in the traditional sense must become.
- the pre-ionization for the switching discharge can, for example by trigger discharge, whereupon the Preionization for the main discharge of the actual arrangement to generate radiation through the switching discharge.
- the arrangement and the are particularly advantageous Switch designed as a Z-pinch. This results in a very low ablation and erosion not only on the discharge involved electrodes, but also on the between the electrodes arranged isolators. Notwithstanding this particular However, the principle of the invention is also advantageously applicable to Gas-Puff-Z-Pinch, capillary discharge, plasma focus discharge, Pseudo spark discharge and transient cavity discharge as well further pinched discharges. Is included in the invention the combination of different magnetically compressed electrical gas discharges for switches and arrangement.
- the arrangement and switch are one have common axis of symmetry and of the arrangement and the switch is emitted in the same area. Generated with it the switch on the one hand additional usable radiation, which contributes to the light emission of the entire device.
- the charge carriers generated by the switch after its ignition on the other hand used for pre-ionization of the arrangement.
- the embodiment comprises at least one Trigger electrode for generating the trigger discharge, at least a switching discharge electrode for generating the switching discharge of the switch, at least one main discharge electrode to generate the main discharge of the arrangement, as well as a near-mass Electrode.
- the trigger electrode (s), the switching discharge electrode (s) and the main discharge electrode (s) are preferably in the form of disks or as a hollow cylinder or as a hollow cylinder with aligned Apertures executed. So that the switching discharge to discharge the Arrangement contributes, the electrodes mentioned are preferred arranged along a common axis of symmetry, the Openings of the discs and / or hollow cylinders aligned are.
- the disks and / or hollow cylinders are electrically separate from one another arranged in isolation, in particular by between the panes and / or disks and / or hollow cylinders arranged in the hollow cylinders made of electrically insulating material.
- the device is a cooling device, in particular as a microchannel diffusion cooling trained on to the system from trigger electrode, Switching discharge electrode, main discharge electrode to cool on the side facing away from the discharge side.
- the device is a semi-transparent, in particular has a spherically curved capillary arrangement, in particular a multi-channel capillary arrangement with which the Switches and the arrangement of a user's vacuum system the radiation generated are separable to absorb the Reduce radiation in the medium.
- the present invention is now based on the example of an axial Double arrangement of two Z-pinches described, without the inventive concept to this embodiment chosen as an example limit.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through the discharge region of an axial double arrangement of two Z-pinches.
- the device according to the invention has a first pinch electrode 10, a second pinch electrode 12 and a third pinch electrode 14.
- the pinch electrodes 10 and 12 are involved in the switching discharge, while the main discharge is provided by the pinch electrodes 12 and 14.
- a trigger electrode 16 is used to ignite a trigger discharge to the pinch electrode 10.
- the illustration in FIG. 2 shows a plurality of insulator tubes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, which are preferably formed from ceramic materials, for example Al 2 O 3 .
- the two pinches ie the first switch pinch formed by pinch electrodes 10 and 12 and the second main pinch formed by pinch electrodes 12 and 14, are arranged along a common axis of symmetry 18.
- a cooling device 20 is provided, which is preferably designed as a microchannel diffusion cooling.
- the electrodes for cooling the electrodes, provision can be made for the electrodes to be hollow and for cooling to be brought into direct contact with a medium such as insulating oil.
- the right side of the arrangement of Fig. 2 is the user facing side, i.e. on this side the radiation is off the system and transported to the place of use. How will be described in more detail below, it is required to bring gas into the discharge space 22 so that a gas discharge can take place.
- the extreme short wavelength of radiation generated less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, in particular 13.5 nm, 13.0 nm or 11.4 nm
- a multi-channel capillary arrangement 24 the user-facing side arranged for training a pressure difference is suitable and causes only small Gas quantities get into the transport route and the absorption can be significantly reduced in the medium.
- Fig. 3 is the electrical wiring of the invention Device shown.
- the trigger electrode 16 each are preferably designed as disc or hollow cylinders, and two capacitor banks C1, C2, which are connected via series resistors R are applied to high voltage HV.
- the capacitor bank is C2 connected directly to ground at its other terminal, while the capacitor bank C1 with its other connection via a Resistor R 'is connected to ground.
- the trigger electrode 16 is connected to a low high voltage NHV, the lower one Has amplitude and reverse polarity than the high voltage HV.
- the pinch electrode After charging the capacitor banks C1, C2, the pinch electrode is located 10 quasi to ground potential. Will now go to the Trigger electrode 16 applied a negative low high voltage NHV, this creates a discharge from the electrode 16 to the first Pinch electrode 10. This causes charge carriers on the left side End of the discharge space 22 provided. These carriers act as pre-ionization for the switch pinch, which includes the pinch electrodes 10 and 12. This forms there is a sliding discharge between the pinch electrode 10 and the pinch electrode 12, which due to the low inductance large current flows quickly. Between the pinch electrode 12 and pinch electrode 14 there is no sliding discharge, because these two electrodes are at the same potential. The sliding discharge between pinch electrode 10 and pinch electrode 12 leads to short-circuiting the capacitor bank C1 and results in a recharge of the pinch electrode 12.
- the time period until the transhipment is determined by the on this resonant circuit involved resistors, capacitors and inductors. After the first half wave of this vibration is the pinch electrode 12 at a potential that is almost the same size like the high voltage HV, but has reverse polarity. Between the pinch electrode 12 and the pinch electrode 14 is therefore almost twice the high voltage HV, what is in it results in the main discharge breaking down.
- Devices for pulsed gas supply are not shown in the discharge space, preferably on the left in the representation of the Fig. 2 arranged, and devices for pumping the gas.
- the high voltage can be HV to 40 kV, the low high voltage NHV -5kV.
- the capacitor banks can be realized as 60 arranged in oil Capacitors with a capacitance of 1.7 nF (50 kVDc) each.
- the ceramic tubes 5b and 5c have a length of 30 mm as well an inner diameter of 15 mm with an outer diameter of 20 mm.
- the electrodes are ring-shaped and made of one refractory material, such as Molybdenum.
- the total diameter the arrangement including the capacitor banks is 600 mm, while the total length of the arrangement towards the axis of symmetry, as shown in Fig. 2, is 90 mm.
- the energy stored in the capacitors can vary between 68 and 81 J after high voltage is applied.
- the main discharge lasts approx. 50 ns, the proportion of which from Switch pinch to total radiation is made up to about 30 % can be.
- a pulse operation of the arrangement of up to 100 Hz is possible without any problems. Is particularly suitable as a gas Xenon.
- the Arrangement and the switch are preferred with noble gases, oxygen, Gases or vapors or mixtures containing oxygen from the gases mentioned at a pressure in the range of 1 Pa operated up to 1000 Pa.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Blumlein-Schaltung zum Zünden einer elektrischen Gasentladung;
- Fig. 2
- in schematischer geschnittener Darstellung die Entladungsregion einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
- Fig. 3
- die elektrische Beschaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von Fig. 2.
Claims (16)
- Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung, mit zwei Elektroden (12, 14), zur Erzeugung von Strahlung aus einer magnetisch komprimierten elektrischen Gasentladung und einem Schalter zum Auslösen der Strahiungserzeugung der Anordnung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter (10, 12) eine erste und eine zweite Schaltentladungselektrode (10; 12) umfaßt, die in einem vorgegebenen Abstand entlang einer Achse (18) angeordnet sind, so dass sich als Schaltentladung eine sich magnetisch auf der Achse (18) zu einem Stromfaden selbst-komprimierende elektrische Gasentladung erzeugen läßt. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung jeweils als Z-Pinch oder als Gas-Puff Z-Pinch oder als Kapillarentladung oder als Plasmafokusentladung oder als Pseudofunkenentladung oder als transiente Hohlraumentladung ausgeführt ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter jeweils als Z-Pinch oder als Gas-Puff Z-Pinch oder als Kapillarentiadung oder als Plasmafokusentladung oder als Pseudofunkenentiadung oder als transiente Hohlraumentladung ausgeführt ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung und der Schalter eine gemeinsame Symmetrieachse (18) aufweisen, wobei die von der Anordnung und dem Schalter emittierte Strahlung in denselben Raumbereich emittierbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter durch eine Triggerentladung zündbar und/ oder vorionisierbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vom Schalter nach dessen Zündung erzeugten Ladungsträger zur Vorionisation der Anordnung verwendbar sind. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Vorrichtung mindestens eine Kondensatorbank (C1, C2) aufweist, wobei durch die mindestens eine Kondensatorbank die Energie für die von dem Schalter und/oder der Anordnung emittierten Strahlung bereitstellbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung weiterhin umfaßt
mindestens eine Triggerelektrode (16) zur Erzeugung der Triggerentladung; mindestens eine Hauptentladungselektrode (12, 14) zur Erzeugung der Hauptentladung der Anordnung; und
eine massenahe Elektrode. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Triggerelektrode(n) (16), die Schaltentladungselektrode(n) (10, 12) und die Hauptentladungselektrode(n) (12, 14) als Scheiben oder als Hohlzylinder oder als Hohlzylinder mit fluchtenden Blenden ausgeführt sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Triggerelektrode(n) (16), die Schaltentladungseiektrode(n) (10, 12) und die Hauptentladungselektrode(n) (12, 14) derart entlang einer gemeinsamen Symmetrieachse (18) angeordnet sind, daß die Öffnungen der Scheiben und/oder Hohlzylinder fluchtend ausgerichtet sind. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Scheiben und/oder Hohlzylinder elektrisch voneinander isoliert angeordnet sind, insbesondere durch zwischen den Scheiben und/oder den Hohlzylindern angeordnete Scheiben und/oder Hohlzylinder (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, insbesondere Keramikwerkstoffen. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung eine Kühlvorrichtung (20), insbesondere als Mikrokanaldiffusionskühlung ausgebildet, aufweist, um das System aus Triggerelektrode (16), Schaltentladungselektrode (10, 12) und Hauptentladungselektrode (12, 14) an der von der Entladungsseite abgewandten Seite zu kühlen. - Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung eine semitransparente, insbesondere sphärisch gekrümmte, Kapillarenanordnung (24), insbesondere eine Vielkanal-Kapillarenanordnung, aufweist, mit der der Schalter und die Anordnung von einer Vakuumanlage eines Benutzers der erzeugten Strahlung trennbar sind. - Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erzeugte Strahlung eine Wellenlänge von weniger als 50 nm aufweist, insbesondere EUV-Strahlung und/oder-weiche Röntgenstrahlung ist. - Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung, folgende Schritte aufweisend:a) Bewirken einer Schaltentladung durch eine sich magnetisch auf eine Achse (18) zu einem Stromfaden selbst-komprimierenden elektrischen Gasentladung in einem Schalter (10, 12) mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Schaltentladungselektrode (10; 12), die in einem vorgegebenen Abstand entlang der Achse (18) angeordnet sind;b) Verwenden der magnetisch selbst-komprimierten elektrischen Gasentladung des Schalters zum Auslösen einer magnetisch komprimierten elektrischen Gasentladung in einer Anordnung (12, 14) zur Erzeugung von Strahlung.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Schritt a) die Gasentladung des Schalters durch eine Triggerentladung gezündet und/oder vorionisiert wird.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00113560A EP1168895B9 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2000-06-27 | Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung |
| DE50006337T DE50006337D1 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2000-06-27 | Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung |
| PCT/EP2001/007344 WO2002001926A1 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2001-06-27 | Pulsbare vorrichtung mit einer anordnung zur erzeugung von strahlung sowie verfahren zur erzeugung von strahlung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00113560A EP1168895B9 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2000-06-27 | Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1168895A1 EP1168895A1 (de) | 2002-01-02 |
| EP1168895B1 EP1168895B1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
| EP1168895B9 true EP1168895B9 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
Family
ID=8169078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00113560A Expired - Lifetime EP1168895B9 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2000-06-27 | Pulsbare Vorrichtung mit einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Strahlung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Strahlung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1168895B9 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50006337D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002001926A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102523675B (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-08-06 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于引燃长空气火花间隙的等离子体喷射装置及其电路 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1171313B (it) * | 1981-06-17 | 1987-06-10 | Selenia Ind Elettroniche | Laser a scarica longitudinale ad impulsi con preionizzazione ottenuta mediante effetto corona |
| CA1239486A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1988-07-19 | Rajendra P. Gupta | Gas discharge derived annular plasma pinch x-ray source |
-
2000
- 2000-06-27 DE DE50006337T patent/DE50006337D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-27 EP EP00113560A patent/EP1168895B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-06-27 WO PCT/EP2001/007344 patent/WO2002001926A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50006337D1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
| EP1168895A1 (de) | 2002-01-02 |
| EP1168895B1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
| WO2002001926A1 (de) | 2002-01-03 |
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