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EP1049669A1 - Procede de production de lactames - Google Patents

Procede de production de lactames

Info

Publication number
EP1049669A1
EP1049669A1 EP98965200A EP98965200A EP1049669A1 EP 1049669 A1 EP1049669 A1 EP 1049669A1 EP 98965200 A EP98965200 A EP 98965200A EP 98965200 A EP98965200 A EP 98965200A EP 1049669 A1 EP1049669 A1 EP 1049669A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groups
metals
metal
oxides
catalysts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98965200A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Eiermann
Thomas Narbeshuber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1049669A1 publication Critical patent/EP1049669A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/007—Mixed salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
    • C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
    • C07D201/08—Preparation of lactams from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. hydroxy carboxylic acids, lactones or nitriles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitriles with water in the gas phase over metal oxide catalysts.
  • Lactams are versatile compounds.
  • N-methylpyrrolidone is a versatile solvent and ⁇ -caprolactam is an important monomer for polyamide fibers.
  • Caprolactam is produced technically by a Beckmann rearrangement of the oxime of cyclohexanone. This reaction produces large amounts of salts, generally sodium sulfate, as a by-product, which must be disposed of.
  • US Pat. No. 2,357,484 discloses a process for the preparation of amides and lactams from the corresponding nitriles and amines or the aminonitriles by gas-phase reaction with water over catalysts with dehydrating properties.
  • aluminum oxide, silica gel and borophosphoric acid are specified as useful catalysts.
  • WO 96/22974 describes a process for the production of lactam by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitriles, in which aluminum oxide catalysts with a specific surface area of> 10 m 2 / g and a pore volume (the pores with a diameter of more than 500 ⁇ )> 10 ml / 100 g can be used.
  • US 4,628,085 discloses a process for the production of lactams in the gas phase, wherein an aliphatic or aromatic aminonitrile and water with a silica-based catalyst with BET surface areas of more than 250 m 2 / g and pore diameters of less than 20nm in the presence of hydrogen and ammonia.
  • EP-A 659 741 describes the use of metal phosphates, in particular aluminum, zirconium, niobium and lanthanum phosphates as catalysts for the preparation of lactams in the gas phase from aminonitriles and water. These catalysts can also be mixed with basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compositions, cesium, rubidium and potassium are preferred.
  • EP-A 748 797 discloses a process for the preparation of lactams from dinitriles, the dinitrile hydrogenating to the aminonitrile and the aminonitrile by cyclizing hydrolysis to Lactam is implemented.
  • Molecular sieves such as acidic zeolites, silicates and non-zeolitic molecular sieves, metal phosphates and metal oxides or mixed oxides, which are optionally acidic or amphoteric by treatment with halogens, ammonium halides or acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrohalic acid, are disclosed as catalysts for the cyclizing hydrolysis .
  • a disadvantage of the processes described is that the selectivity of the catalysts is sometimes insufficient, which on the one hand makes isolation of the lactams difficult and on the other hand leads to poisoning of the catalysts by by-products formed. It is also desirable to increase the activity of the catalysts.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a process for the preparation of lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitriles which gives them with high selectivity and a high space-time yield and which also allows the catalyst to have a long service life.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis of amino nitriles with water in the gas phase over metal oxide catalysts, which is characterized in that the catalysts contain:
  • M stands for Zr, Ti, Hf, Sc, Y, La, Ce, V, Nb or Ta, in particular Zr, Ti or Hf and very particularly Zr,
  • R represents P, C, Si, N, As or Sb,
  • Q represents a metal from group 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10,
  • a represents a number from 0 to 10
  • b represents a number from 0.5 to 5
  • c represents a number from 0.001 to 0.15
  • d is the size required to achieve charge neutrality.
  • the catalysts contain up to five molecules of water per formula unit. If a> 0.001, R can also stand for S.
  • R stands for P or, if a>. 0.001 can also stand for S,
  • a stands for 0 to 0.1 and very particularly preferably 0 to 0.03 and
  • c represents 0.001 to 0.1 and very particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.1
  • the catalyst materials can be in any form, such as. B. can be used as powder, as grit or as a shaped body. For example, strands or balls are used as shaped bodies. A binder, such as Aerosil, potato starch or celluloses, e.g. B. Walocel from Wolff-Walsrode AG, these binders in of the specified formula I are not included. Likewise, the catalyst materials on a support such as. B. alumina, silica gel, coal, silicon carbide or silicon nitride. The catalyst in the form of grit or shaped bodies is preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • a component for increasing the selectivity can be added to the catalyst bed in amounts of 0 to 70% by volume.
  • Examples include silicon dioxide, preferably quartz, silicon nitride and silicon carbide.
  • the catalysts are prepared in a manner known per se and are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the catalysts of the invention are e.g. B. obtainable by one or more times with at least one oxide and / or hydroxide of a metal from groups 3, 4, 5, 13 and / or 14 of the periodic table with suitable phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, arsenites, arsenates , Antimonites, antimonates or nitrates and then calcined at elevated temperature.
  • Suitable are, for example, the corresponding salts of metals from groups 3, 4, 5, 13 and 14 of the periodic table, the ammonium salts of oxo acids of these metals and, if desired, the salts of the metals from groups 6 to 10 of the periodic table, as well as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid and their ammonium salts.
  • the contacting takes place, for example, by an aqueous suspension of the metal oxide or hydroxide of groups 3, 4, 5, 13 or 14 of the periodic table with a solution of the desired phosphate, carbonate, silicate, nitrate, arsenite, Arsenate, antimonite, antimonate, or sulfate or the corresponding free acid are added and then the water is removed. This process can be repeated.
  • the desired components can be brought into contact with the suspension of the metal oxide in one go or in separate steps.
  • solutions of the abovementioned salts it is also possible to use solutions of salts of these metals which differ from them in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid which may be diluted with water, provided that the anion of these salts forms a volatile acid with the mineral acid.
  • Suitable salts are therefore also the halides and the acetates, provided that these are used in one of the abovementioned acids or in aqueous solutions of these acids.
  • the components can be converted into a homogeneous solution, from which a raw catalyst mass can be obtained, for example by evaporation or by adding a precipitant is then converted into the active form of the catalyst by drying and calcining.
  • the metals or metal oxides are brought into contact with one of the free acids listed above in a first step and then, after a drying step, if desired, with an aqueous solution of a suitable metal salt of the 6th to 10th group of the periodic table in Contacted, in the case of manganese z. B. with Mn (N0 3 ) 2 , MnS0, MnHP0 4 , MnC0 3 or MnCl 2 , the latter being used in optionally dilute sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid. Then it is dried and calcined.
  • the raw catalyst mass obtainable in this way can either be calcined directly or further processed into shaped bodies and then calcined.
  • the drying step can also be followed by a further impregnation step with an aqueous solution of a salt of a metal from the 6th to the 10th group, e.g. B. connect a manganese salt.
  • the calcination is usually carried out at 500 to 900 ° C, preferably at about 700 ° C in 5 to 25 hours, preferably 10 to 20 hours.
  • HP0 4 2_ or H 2 P0- is converted into P 2 0 7 4_ and other cyclic phosphates and HC0 3 _ into C0 3 2_ .
  • this implementation preferably does not follow completely under the selected conditions, so that, for. B. when using P in the resulting catalyst still P0 4 3_ remains.
  • the Zr contents of the individual catalysts are between 60 and 71 g, preferably between 65 and 70 g per 100 g catalyst.
  • the contents of P, S and Mn are determined by means of ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) atomic emission spectroscopy (A. Montasa, DW Golightly: Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Analytical Atomic Spectometry, 2nd edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim). Typical values are P: 0.2 to 1 g / 100 g; S: 0.1 to 1 g / 100 g and Mn: 0.1 to 5 g / 100 g catalyst.
  • aminonitriles of the formula II are usually:
  • X is an alkylene unit having at least 2 and at most 20 atoms.
  • these are carbon atoms, but one or more, but preferably not more than three, boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and / or sulfur atoms can also be present in any position within the alkylene unit.
  • At least 2 and preferably 3 to 6 atoms, preferably C atoms, are located between the amino group with the general formula —NR ⁇ —H and the nitrile group.
  • alkylene examples include ethylene, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 2,3-butylene and 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1, 2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 2,3-, 2,4-pentylene, 2-ethyl-1,3-propylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3 -propylene and 2- or 3-methyl-l, 4-butylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5- and 1,6-hexylene, 2-, 3- or 4- Methyl-1,5-pentylene, 2,2- or 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butylene, 2- or 3-ethyl-1,4-butylene, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3- propylene and 2-propyl-l, 3-propylene, 3-oxa- and 3-thia-l, 5-pentylene.
  • R 1 stands for hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with up to 20 carbon atoms.
  • suitable alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and 2-ethylhexyl.
  • Aminonitriles with linear alkylene units X of 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and primary amino groups are preferably used, ie 4-aminobutyronitrile, 5-aminovaleronitrile, ⁇ -aminocapronitrile and 7-aminoonanthonitrile, particularly preferably ⁇ -aminocapronitrile.
  • the ratio of water to aminonitrile can be in the range from 1 to 50 mol / mol, preferably from 1 to 15 mol / mol.
  • the reaction can be carried out on either a moving or a stationary catalyst bed.
  • the gas phase reaction is preferably carried out on a fixed bed.
  • the fixed bed can be arranged, for example, as a simple bed or else divided into several trays. In the latter case it is possible to favorably influence the composition and the physical properties of the reaction mixture between the trays, e.g. B. by adding reactants or in- Ertgasen or use of z. B. heat exchangers.
  • the fixed bed can also be in one or more reaction rooms, e.g. B. in a tube reactor.
  • the reaction temperature will generally be in the range from 200 to 550 ° C, preferably from 300 to 400 ° C. Too low a temperature would make it difficult for the raw material to evaporate, and furthermore, high conversions are difficult to achieve under these conditions. If the temperatures are too high, by-products and decomposition products appear more and more.
  • the pressure during the reaction can be in the range from 0.01 to 10 bar.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at normal pressure.
  • the reaction can also be carried out with the addition of inert gas, for example argon or nitrogen.
  • inert gas for example argon or nitrogen.
  • the molar ratio of inert gas to aminonitrile can optionally be in the range from 0 to 100 mol / mol.
  • the reactor discharge generally also contains unreacted aminonitrile and water, as well as ammonia or amine and, in small amounts, by-products such as aminocarboxamides.
  • the lactam can be obtained in a manner known per se, e.g. B. by distillation, extraction or crystallization.
  • 167 g of dried Zr (0H) 4 are compacted with 5% Walocel (Wolff-Walsrode AG) and 67 ml of H 2 0 in a kneader for 45 minutes and then molded into 2 mm strands at a pressure of 55 bar. The strands are then predried at 50 to 110 ° C. for 3.5 hours and for 16 hours
  • Catalyst C 25 55 g of dried Zr (0H) 4 are mixed with 3.49 g of H 3 PO 4 (85%) and
  • impregnated catalysts of the process according to the invention achieve higher selectivities with regard to caprolactam formation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de lactames par hydrolyse cyclisante d'aminonitriles avec de l'eau en phase gazeuse, sur des catalyseurs qui contiennent des oxydes simples ou des oxydes mixtes des métaux des groupes 3, 4, 5, 13 et/ou 14 de la classification périodique des éléments, et éventuellement, en plus, un oxyde d'un métal des groupes 6, 7, 8, 9 et/ou 10, et qui comprennent en outre un phosphate, un carbonate, un silicate, un arsénite, un arséniate, un antimonite, un antimoniate et/ou un nitrate des métaux mentionnés et/ou, lorsque des oxydes des métaux des groupes 6, 7, 8, 9 ou 10 sont présents, un sulfate des métaux précités.
EP98965200A 1997-12-01 1998-11-30 Procede de production de lactames Withdrawn EP1049669A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19753301A DE19753301A1 (de) 1997-12-01 1997-12-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lactamen
DE19753301 1997-12-01
PCT/EP1998/007717 WO1999028296A1 (fr) 1997-12-01 1998-11-30 Procede de production de lactames

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1049669A1 true EP1049669A1 (fr) 2000-11-08

Family

ID=7850423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98965200A Withdrawn EP1049669A1 (fr) 1997-12-01 1998-11-30 Procede de production de lactames

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6353101B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1049669A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001524541A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010032623A (fr)
CN (1) CN1284062A (fr)
AR (1) AR017703A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2050899A (fr)
BR (1) BR9815074A (fr)
CA (1) CA2311668A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19753301A1 (fr)
ID (1) ID24830A (fr)
MY (1) MY120061A (fr)
TW (1) TW416949B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999028296A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19811880A1 (de) 1998-03-18 1999-09-23 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lactamen
DE10021192A1 (de) * 2000-05-03 2001-11-08 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Caprolactam
DE10021193A1 (de) * 2000-05-03 2001-11-08 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung cyclischer Lactame
US6686465B2 (en) 2000-05-03 2004-02-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Preparation of cyclic lactams
GB0207899D0 (en) * 2002-04-05 2002-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Co Formoterol and cielesonide aerosol formulations
US7022844B2 (en) 2002-09-21 2006-04-04 Honeywell International Inc. Amide-based compounds, production, recovery, purification and uses thereof
US7060820B1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-06-13 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process for making caprolactam
US7390897B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2008-06-24 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Method for making caprolactam from impure 6-aminocapronitrile
US9308517B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-04-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Composite filtration media for removing broad spectrum toxic chemicals
AT520954B1 (de) 2018-02-28 2024-02-15 Omv Refining & Marketing Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Umwandlung einer Stoffmischung
CN111153824A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2020-05-15 浙江大学 利用氧化物材料催化有机腈类水合制备酰胺类化合物方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357484A (en) * 1941-09-12 1944-09-05 Du Pont Process for producing compounds containing an n-substituted amide group
JPS4821958B1 (fr) * 1969-01-28 1973-07-02
US4628085A (en) * 1985-09-03 1986-12-09 Allied Corporation Use of silica catalyst for selective production of lactams
FR2714379B1 (fr) * 1993-12-23 1996-02-02 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Procédé de préparation de lactame.
FR2729949A1 (fr) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-02 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Procede de preparation de lactame
FR2735471B1 (fr) * 1995-06-16 1997-08-22 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Procede de preparation de lactames

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9928296A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19753301A1 (de) 1999-06-02
WO1999028296A1 (fr) 1999-06-10
TW416949B (en) 2001-01-01
JP2001524541A (ja) 2001-12-04
AR017703A1 (es) 2001-09-12
BR9815074A (pt) 2000-10-03
MY120061A (en) 2005-08-30
ID24830A (id) 2000-08-24
CA2311668A1 (fr) 1999-06-10
US6353101B1 (en) 2002-03-05
CN1284062A (zh) 2001-02-14
AU2050899A (en) 1999-06-16
KR20010032623A (ko) 2001-04-25

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