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EP0928155A1 - Systeme de controle pour la prise reguliere d'un medicament - Google Patents

Systeme de controle pour la prise reguliere d'un medicament

Info

Publication number
EP0928155A1
EP0928155A1 EP97936601A EP97936601A EP0928155A1 EP 0928155 A1 EP0928155 A1 EP 0928155A1 EP 97936601 A EP97936601 A EP 97936601A EP 97936601 A EP97936601 A EP 97936601A EP 0928155 A1 EP0928155 A1 EP 0928155A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control system
detection device
substance
detection
patient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97936601A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Georg Batz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roche Diagnostics GmbH
Original Assignee
Roche Diagnostics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roche Diagnostics GmbH filed Critical Roche Diagnostics GmbH
Publication of EP0928155A1 publication Critical patent/EP0928155A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control system for monitoring the regular intake of a drug in a patient and a pharmaceutical dosage form for such a control system.
  • the invention proposes a control system which, as coordinated system components, comprises a dosage form of the medicament and a detection device for the non-invasive detection of a substance contained in the dosage form (hereinafter "detection substance") in the patient's body.
  • detection substance a substance contained in the dosage form
  • the detection device is designed for the reagent-free direct measurement of a measured variable correlating with the presence of the detection substance in the patient's body.
  • the detection substance can be formed by the medicament itself, ie the therapeutically active substance. This is however, limited to cases in which the active substance is non-invasively detectable. Almost all chemotherapeutic agents have characteristic IR bands that can be used for a determination. Examples include: antibiotics such as tetracyclines, nitrofurones and nalidixic acid, the tuberculosis agents rifampicin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide, the antimalarial agent chloroquine, but also anticoagulants such as maramar and cardiovascular agents such as nitroglycerin and digoxin, which enable non-invasive detection.
  • antibiotics such as tetracyclines, nitrofurones and nalidixic acid
  • the antimalarial agent chloroquine but also anticoagulants such as maramar and cardiovascular agents such as nitroglycerin and digoxin
  • the typical IR bands are overlaid by the bands of the body's own substances.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the non-invasively detectable substance contained in the dosage form is a non-toxic marking substance different from the medicament (active substance).
  • the marking substance is specifically chosen so that it does not impair the pharmaceutical effectiveness of the active pharmaceutical ingredient on the one hand and also does not cause any negative effects in the patient's body (preferably it behaves inertly in the body) and on the other hand its presence in the patient's body is easily detectable. It is possible to optimize the labeling substance, particularly from the point of view of easy detection.
  • a toxic activity which is harmful to the body can, if necessary, be eliminated by encapsulation or incorporation into a macromolecular protective molecule structure, in particular a protective molecule from the group of the Dendri ere or Fullvalene.
  • a macromolecular protective molecule structure in particular a protective molecule from the group of the Dendri ere or Fullvalene.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below with the use of a separate marking substance. However, this is not intended to limit the generality - for cases in which the active substance itself has the properties of a suitable detection substance.
  • Very different physically measurable quantities can serve as a measurement quantity. Examples are the intensity, the frequency or the phase position of an electromagnetic radiation (in particular of light in the IR range or also in the visible range), the intensity, frequency or phase position of a sound signal or the intensity or polarity of a magnetic field. It is crucial that the measured variable is influenced in a measurable manner by the presence of the marker substance in the patient's body, so that a change in the concentration of the marker substance associated with the use of the medicament can be detected with the aid of the measured variable by the detection device. Such a measured variable is referred to below as "parameter” in accordance with a term commonly used in the English language (“quantifiable parameter").
  • the detection device preferably has means for determining the change in the parameter over time.
  • Such electronic means for differentiating or for forming difference quotients from a measurement signal are known.
  • An increase or decrease in the parameter measurement signal is preferably used as an indication of the intake of the medicament, ie an output signal corresponding to the "detection" of the labeling substance is generated when the parameter rameter measurement signal with a minimum change rate predetermined as a limit value increases or decreases.
  • the invention is suitable for a wide variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms. It is of particular importance for oral administration (tablets, capsules and the like), but it can also be used for other dosage forms, such as suppositories or injections, insofar as monitoring of the regular administration of the medication is necessary. Of course, the marking substance must be brought into a galenical form suitable for the respective dosage form.
  • the invention can have different mechanisms of action, i.e. on the basis of very different interactions between the marking substance and the detection device. Some preferred examples are explained below.
  • the marking substance has dye properties, preferably in the IR region of the light spectrum.
  • a detection device tuned to this radiates light of the appropriate wavelength through the skin into the patient's body and measures the light emerging from the body after interaction with the constituents contained therein (and thus also with the marking substance).
  • the system components are expediently coordinated with one another in such a way that a possible high intensity of the incident light lies in a spectral range in which the marking substance has an absorption maximum.
  • This wavelength is preferably chosen so that it is outside the absorption maxima of optically absorbing substances contained in the patient's body (in particular in his skin) in high concentration Substances lie, especially outside the absorption bands of water and hemoglobin.
  • the light is usually irradiated in several wavelengths and the spectral dependence of the measured parameter of the light is used to detect the substance sought.
  • the spectral dependence of the measured parameter of the light is used to detect the substance sought.
  • several wavelengths are used in order to detect the marking substance spectroscopically.
  • a particularly suitable mechanism of action is based on the use of a fluorescent dye as a labeling substance, the detection device being designed for in vivo detection of the fluorescence. For this purpose, it radiates light, the wavelength of which corresponds to the absorption wavelength of the fluorescent dye, into the patient's body. Lasers are particularly suitable as the light source for this. The resulting fluorescence radiation is detected in a wavelength-selective manner. Fluorescent dyes are preferably used which emit in the long-wave range of visible light and in the near infrared. Wavelengths are particularly preferred. lengths between about 600 nm and about 800 nm. Despite the low intensity of the emitted fluorescent light, this action mechanism proves to be particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention, because the superimposition of the useful signal with interference signals is relatively small and therefore a good comparison with other methods Signal / noise ratio results.
  • Suitable labeling substances can be, for example, molecules that have been developed as marker molecules for diagnostic purposes. Examples include:
  • Fluorescent labeling substances in particular fluorescein and fluorescent metal complex compounds, as are mentioned in WO 96/03410.
  • Absorption or fluorescent dyes for example according to EP-B-0567 622.
  • ferromagnetic microparticles the magnetic effect of which can be detected through the skin, can also be used as the marking substance.
  • Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength outside the spectrum of light can also be used as a probe for detecting the presence of a labeling substance in the patient's body.
  • substances with diode properties can in particular be used as the marking substance. Details of this are described in WO 92/15 013.
  • the marking substance has a pn junction which causes a diode behavior, ie in the electric field the substance is conductive in one field direction, while it has a high resistance in the other field direction.
  • Such semiconductor diodes can be manufactured in micro-miniaturized form so that they act as marking sub- are generally suitable in a medication.
  • the detection is carried out by influencing a high-frequency signal, preferably in the MHz range, as explained in the aforementioned WO 92/15 013.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a detection device and an external interrogation unit and
  • Fig. 3 is a graphical representation of a spectrum in an embodiment of the invention.
  • the control system consists of a pharmaceutical dosage form 1 (here a tablet) which contains a marking substance symbolically identified by an asterisk and a detection device 2 which, in the preferred embodiment shown, is designed as a wristwatch worn by the patient 3.
  • a detection device which is usually in the form of a device worn on the body, fulfills its control function in an inconspicuous manner that is not burdensome for the patient.
  • the control device should be so small and light that it can be carried easily.
  • the essential components of the detection device 2 are shown in the form of a block diagram in FIG. It contains irradiation and detection means 4 and 5, for example in the form of light-emitting diodes and semiconductor light receivers.
  • the signals of the detection means are transmitted through a measuring and evaluation circuit 6 (for example processed by means of one of the methods described in the cited publications) into data on the presence of the marking substance in the body of the patient 3.
  • a time measuring device 9 is provided in order to query the measuring time and also to store it in the memory 8.
  • the detection device can be constructed relatively simply because no absolute concentration has to be determined. It is sufficient to demonstrate the increase in the concentration of the labeling substance associated with the drug intake. This can be done in terms of measurement technology, for example by means of a threshold value or (preferably) by determining the change in the parameter over time (i.e. formation of the first derivative of the measurement signal). Complex calibration procedures are not necessary.
  • the data stored in the memory 8 can be further processed in the usual manner by the microprocessor-controlled measuring and evaluation unit.
  • this can contain a program by which control measurements are initiated at certain predetermined times (for example once a day) in order to check whether the Patient has taken the medication and therefore evidence of the medication is possible.
  • the program can also provide that in the event of a negative result of the check, a warning signal is generated by which an acoustic signal generator 11 is activated in order to inform the patient of the medication being taken.
  • This can be varied in different ways. For example, it can be provided to remind the patient of the medication in each case by a tone without prior checking and to check the ingestion within a defined period afterwards by detecting the marking substance with the aid of the detection device 2.
  • the data on the detection of the marking substance and on the measuring times are transmitted from the detection device 2 to an external interrogation unit 12.
  • This external interrogation unit can be with the patient himself or with the doctor.
  • the same or different query units can also be available to the doctor and the patient.
  • the detection device 2 and the interrogation unit 12 should be designed such that the patient cannot delete or manipulate the data on the detection of the marking substance.
  • the data is transmitted wirelessly from the detection device 2 to the external interrogation unit 12, the detection device 2 having a transmitter 13 and the interrogation unit 12 having a receiver 14, and the transmission being carried out, for example, with infrared rays or with FM radio signals .
  • a data interface for wired transmission can also be provided on the detection device 2, to which the external interrogation unit 12 is connected from time to time by means of a cable.
  • the Fluorescence of this fluorescent dye was measured in vivo in the ears of the mice.
  • the excitation was carried out using a helium-neon laser with a power of approximately 1.5 mW and a wavelength of 632.8 nm.
  • the fluorescent radiation was recorded with a fiber optic on the ear of the mice and focused on the emission monochromator of a fluorescence spectrometer.
  • the resulting spectrum normalized to the maximum value, is shown in FIG. 3, the intensity I (in each case based on the maximum value) being plotted against the wavelength in nm.
  • the measurement curve 16 shows the result of the in vivo measurements on the ear (measurement points as triangles).
  • the measurement curve 17 shows the results of an in vitro measurement of the spectrum of the dye, likewise normalized to the maximum value, using the same spectrometer. It can be seen that the in vivo measurement agrees very well with the in vitro measurement. From this it can be concluded that it is possible to reliably detect changes in the concentration of a physiologically harmless dye in vivo at a suitable wavelength (in particular in the range of the maximum of the emission spectrum) using relatively simple means.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de contrôle pour la prise régulière d'un médicament chez un patient. Ce système présente, comme constituants adaptés l'un à l'autre, une forme de préparation (1) du médicament et un appareil de détection (2) pour la détection non invasive d'une substance à détecter contenue dans la forme de préparation dans le corps du patient (3). L'appareil de détection (2) est conçu pour la mesure directe, sans réactifs, d'un paramètre physiquement mesurable associé à la présence de la substance à détecter dans le corps du patient.
EP97936601A 1996-08-16 1997-08-01 Systeme de controle pour la prise reguliere d'un medicament Withdrawn EP0928155A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19633025 1996-08-16
DE19633025 1996-08-16
PCT/DE1997/001653 WO1998007364A1 (fr) 1996-08-16 1997-08-01 Systeme de controle pour la prise reguliere d'un medicament

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0928155A1 true EP0928155A1 (fr) 1999-07-14

Family

ID=7802787

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97936601A Withdrawn EP0928155A1 (fr) 1996-08-16 1997-08-01 Systeme de controle pour la prise reguliere d'un medicament

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6081734A (fr)
EP (1) EP0928155A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000516504A (fr)
DE (1) DE19780856D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998007364A1 (fr)

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