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EP0917921B1 - Procédé et appareil pour récupérer du sable à noyaux et de moulage - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour récupérer du sable à noyaux et de moulage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0917921B1
EP0917921B1 EP98121747A EP98121747A EP0917921B1 EP 0917921 B1 EP0917921 B1 EP 0917921B1 EP 98121747 A EP98121747 A EP 98121747A EP 98121747 A EP98121747 A EP 98121747A EP 0917921 B1 EP0917921 B1 EP 0917921B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sand
fluidized bed
cooling
heated
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98121747A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0917921A1 (fr
Inventor
Carmen Scherer
Ralph Koppenhöfer
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Recovering reusable core or molding sand Pieces of used cores or shapes as well as from contaminated Used sand from foundries.
  • a system works for example from US-A 3 976 422 as known.
  • the the prior art known therefrom is in the genus formation of independent claim 1 (procedure) or of the independent Claim 12 (device) used as a basis.
  • Sand molds are generally used in the production of castings and / or sand cores from bound quartz sand are used. After the castings have solidified, they are shaped and cored, leaving the sand in more or less large fragments bound sand and - as far as the grains of sand themselves detached individually from the fragments - in the form of individual, Grains of sand coated with binder are present. Besides, is the old sand in small quantities with others from the foundry Residues contaminated, e.g. with oxidized metal beads due to metal splashes, with metal chips and Burr remnants from cast iron cleaning.
  • the fluidizing air the two lower chambers pass through the bottom of the preheating chamber as the fluidizing air there, the contained therein Heat is given off to the sand in the preheating chamber.
  • the sand passes horizontally through the preheating chamber Direction corresponding to the direction of flow through the combustion chamber and directed in the opposite direction through the adjacent cooling chamber is.
  • the cold sand in the area above the cooling chamber takes off So the waste heat from the cooling chamber, whereas the so moderate preheated sand now above the combustion chamber Waste heat from the fluidization air and the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber records and is strongly heated by these.
  • the preheating chamber descends vertically into the combustion chamber.
  • the preheated fluidization air supplied from the bottom becomes a preheated fuel mixture for a support fire fed through which the binder resin is burned.
  • the combustion chamber and the cooling chamber are thermally insulated Partition wall separated from each other, which is the height of the fluidized bed exceeds. In the partition are near the floor and in Distance to the ground through openings arranged through the the cleaned but still hot sand from the combustion chamber into the Cooling chamber overflows.
  • the fuel can flow through two of these heat exchangers or the fluidizing air of the combustion chamber are preheated. Another, near the bottom and the outlet
  • the heat exchanger arranged in the cooling chamber can remove the sand further heat is removed and dissipated to the outside.
  • the addition device is as Injector and the controllable transfer opening from the preheating chamber formed in the combustion chamber in the form of a narrow slot. Both on the addition device and on the The feed material must be cleaned of foreign particles and pre-shredded to flowable particle size the addition device or transfer opening also in continuous use can happen without interference. Everything about particles entered in the compact system at the entry point must pass through all openings and chambers and - apart from the exhaust gases from the burned binder resins - on exit the outlet opening. There is no removal option for removing foreign particles from the process. Therefore, the sand given in must not be coarser and gas or combustion-resistant particles such as metal Plaster residues, broken glass or the like. contain.
  • the one for regeneration Used sand that can be processed in the known compact system So - as I said - not only be pre-shredded, but also no larger organic particles such as paper, textiles, Pieces of wood or plastic parts as well as lumps of water-wet or binder-wet, uncured sand contain.
  • the object of the invention is a method and an apparatus for the regeneration of old foundry sand, with whichever of smaller quantities of used sand is economical can be regenerated and rewarded with the also rough shape and core breakage as well as heavily contaminated Used sand without any pretreatment or pre-selection can be treated.
  • This task is based on the generic method or the generic device according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1 (method) or by the characterizing features of claim 12 (device) solved.
  • the concentration of features according to the invention on a hot fluid bed is the cause of the simplicity of the Regeneration plant. Thanks to the simplicity of the invention Process equipment requires it - based on the unit of time enforceable amount of sand - only relatively low investment costs and therefore also works at comparative low volume flows profitable. Because of the simplicity of the Plant and the integrated selection of resistant foreign particles the system is also contaminated with various types Used sand finished without problems. It does not make high demands to the operating personnel.
  • the concentration of features according to the invention is used for sand regeneration Completely new for smaller flows and without any Role model in the state of the art.
  • the recovery device 1 shown in the drawing comprises a container 2 in which two lying side by side Chambers are formed, namely a recovery chamber 3rd and a cooling chamber 4.
  • the container 2 has a bottom 5 in the embodiment of rectangular plan, of which four Rise up sidewalls that delimit an interior space 7.
  • Interior 7 is located starting from the floor 5 upwards protruding partition 8, which are between two opposite Side walls extends so that the interior 7 in the two chambers 3, 4 is divided.
  • each one of the chambers 3, 4 cover completely or partially removable.
  • the cover 13, 14 remove so that an upward opening is exposed becomes.
  • the type of cover 13, 14 is arbitrary, with the embodiment Sliding covers are provided, which become the Move opening and closing horizontally according to double arrows 15 to let. The possibility of being largely complete Expose the top of at least the recovery chamber should be used to drain the below described Sieve basket 54 may be given.
  • the top needs the Recovery chamber for ongoing refilling not to be fully exposed with material to be treated.
  • the sliding lid 13 has a filling opening contains, which by an integrated, e.g. counterbalanced Filling flap is closable, which by hitting The filling material opens automatically.
  • the side walls 6, the bottom wall 5 and the partition 8 are as far as they enclose the recovery chamber 3, good heat insulation trained to heat loss of the heated To keep the hot fluidized bed as low as possible and to keep the Surface temperatures on the outer surfaces of the recovery chamber on easily tolerable and harmless Reduce values.
  • the side walls, the bottom and the lid of simple, i.e. occidentalnatureisol Ofm Steel sheet exist, because here in anyway Molding sand contained heat should be dissipated and because of the reduced temperature of the molding sand in the cooling chamber do not expect dangerous temperatures is.
  • First outflow means 17 are located in the recovery chamber 3 provided that dip into the associated molding sand filling 16 and are surrounded by it on all sides. Comparable Ways are in the cooling chamber 4 from the molding sand filling there 16 'enclosed second outflow means 18 are provided. Via the outflow means 17, 18 is in the associated molding sand fillings 16, 16 'compressed fluidization air can be introduced.
  • the outflow means 17, 18 are preferably in a suitable distribution laid pipe body 22, 22 ', the Interior according to arrows 23 from outside the container 2 compressed fluidization air is supplied, which then in the respective chambers 3, 4 through the outflow openings 24 according to arrows 25 and into the relevant sand fillings 16, 16 'occurs.
  • the two outflow means 17, 18 become independent of one another fed with compressed fluidization air. So they stand first outflow means 17 with an outside of the recovery chamber arranged compressor 26 in connection, wherein in the connection also outside the recovery chamber 3 arranged heater 27 is interposed.
  • the aforementioned components together form a hot air generator 28, the hot air by means of the first air outlet means 17 feeds into the molding sand filling 16 of the recovery chamber 3.
  • the air temperature can at least 550 ° C to 600 ° C amount on the immediate heating element.
  • the actual temperature of the hot fluidized bed is due to certain heat losses somewhat lower and is e.g. 490 to 530 ° C.
  • This Temperature is below the combustion temperature the pyrolysis of binders and accompanying organic substances Formsandes emerging gasification products, so that it is not too a spontaneous combustion of the exhaust gases, quite apart that the concentration of the combustible gas components in the exhaust air for permanent, self-sustaining combustion would be too small.
  • the second outflow means 18 are connected to an outside of the Cooling chamber located compressor 26 coupled. From him compressed fluidizing air is passed through the second without heating Air outlet means 18 into the molding sand filling 16 'of the cooling chamber 4 initiated and has the task that in the cooling chamber cool the fluidized molding sand to about room temperature.
  • the temperature of the air introduced should be at least around ambient temperature or below. if necessary can easily add an additional cooling device in the form of a performance-based need Refrigeration unit are provided, which the cooling gas on a cools down lower temperature. It is also conceivable to be targeted and needs-based liquid air in a heat-insulated Storage container is provided in the pre-compressed Injecting fluidizing air so that it is low To cool down temperatures.
  • the recovery device 1 forms within of the two chambers 3, 4 by the infeed according to arrows 25 Fluidizing air from a fluidized bed, the individual Grains of sand from the molding sand 16, 16 'in a kind of suspended state are displaced and the molding sand has a fluid-like state having.
  • the individual grains of sand are there in lively movement and experiencing an intensive mixing, without leaving the molding sand filling.
  • an overflow 34 between the chambers 3 and 4 can Refill the recovery chamber 3 with new items to be treated due to displacement of regenerated molding sand 16 from the hot fluid bed 32 pass into the cooling fluidized bed 33, where it cooled becomes.
  • the overflow 34 is so formed that the molding sand from the recovery chamber 3rd Depending on the level, passes into the cooling chamber 4. From reaching a certain level of the hot fluidized bed 32 occurs automatically molding sand from the recovery chamber 3 into the cooling chamber 4 over.
  • the overflow 34 forms a permanent connection between the two chambers 3, 4, however, due to a level difference between the two whirling surfaces of the adjacent fluidized beds only in one direction of flow, namely from chamber 3 to chamber 4 is effective. It shouldn't recooled molding sand from the cooling chamber into the one to be heated Hot fluidized bed can get back.
  • the overflow 34 is in the illustrated embodiment in Area of the partition 8 is provided. He is one of the two Chambers 3, 4 connecting opening 35 formed, the lower Boundary wall from an upward-facing edge area 36 of the partition 8 is specified.
  • the opening 35 can for example a window-like recess in the partition 8 be, as is the case with the exemplary embodiment.
  • the recovery device 1 enables the in foundries accruing, partly with foreign particles and substances contaminated old sand and bound molding sand Recycle core and mold fragments to make the molding sand practical to get back in output quality.
  • castings made of aluminum or gray cast iron are often molds made from bonded molding sand and casting cores used.
  • the molding sand becomes a liquid, hardenable Binder added, the amorphous so produced Mix the sand in an openable and closable mold filled with bubbles, the binder and with it the sand mixture hardened in the mold and after opening it the now solidified and dimensionally stable casting mold or the casting core taken from bound molding sand.
  • the cleaned Mold parts and mold cores become a complete mold composed of a certain shape during the casting process of the casting to be cast. After pouring, it has to Cast part can be taken out of the mold and cored.
  • the the casting mold surrounding the outside can be made relatively simply by opening the divisible mold and by shaking Peel off the casting in chunks. Different types of cores can be used Processes are used, mostly the cores but mechanically shaken out of the castings, - knocked or - chiseled, with the seeds in more or less large fragments.
  • Through the recovery device 1 is a very simple separation between the molding sand and the binder possible, so that ultimately more free and binder-free molding sand is present.
  • the two are in the initial state of a recovery process Chambers 3, 4 each with a molding sand filling 16, 16 ' pourable, granular molding sand filled, the filling height in the recovery chamber 3 is larger than in the cooling chamber 4.
  • the fill level is at least twice the diameter of the largest shape or to be treated Core fragments 37.
  • the decay proceeds - similarly like a melting process - from the outside to what used to be deeper Layers instead.
  • the one there resulting gases occur together with the fluidizing air Arrows 38 on the top of the hot fluidized bed 32. Apart from resistant particles, only the binder-free ones remain and scattered shaped sand grains back.
  • the removal means 43 provided in the exemplary embodiment the cooling chamber 4 contain at least one in a side wall 6 attached removal opening 44, which automatically a Level-dependent removal of molding sand enables. It lies the Transfer opening 35 from the hot fluidized bed opposite, so that the incoming hot molding sand is forced to a certain extent Minimum time to linger in the cooling fluidized bed before moving on The discharge opening can exit again.
  • the removal opening 44 is at a certain height level, so that molding sand can only be removed from the cooling fluidized bed 33 is when the filling level of the cooling fluidized bed 33 reaches this level exceeds.
  • the removal opening 44 forms - similar to the transfer opening 34 in the recovery chamber 3 - one Overflow, but with the removal opening 44 placed lower is than the transfer opening 34. That through the removal opening 44 predetermined maximum level of the cooling fluidized bed 33 is thus lower than that of the hot fluidized bed 32 ⁇ m thereby a return of already cooled molding sand exclude from the cooling fluidized bed 33 into the hot fluidized bed 32.
  • molding sand from the cooling fluidized bed 33 automatically and continuously to the extent the removal opening 44 emerges from the cooling chamber 4, how there is an increase in volume through the expediently also automatic and continuous Transfer of molding sand from the recovery chamber 3 sets.
  • the removed molding sand then only has to be collected and brought to a desired location.
  • the recovery device according to the invention directly set up in the molding shop or in the core shop of a foundry, so that the emerging molding sand without long transport routes must be used again immediately can be.
  • regenerated molding sand before it was reused classify, which presupposes that in addition to in the foundry the molding sand regeneration plant also a molding sand classification plant is provided. It can namely in enrich regenerated molding sand particles of unsuitable size, which the molding sand after frequent reuse in its reduce positive usage properties. And disintegrates a certain proportion when using the molding sand the grains of sand, so that a dust-like fine fraction is created, the air permeability of the molds made from it or cores impaired.
  • a e.g. valve or slide type shut-off device 46 assign This enables a controlled Removal of molding sand e.g. at intervals, which is an advantage is when the means of transport 45 individual transport containers include the one after the other outside of the container 2 the removal opening 44 are placed.
  • the removal opening 44 is expediently designed in this case and merges into a molding sand outlet connection 47.
  • At least partial closure of the removal opening is also essentially at continuous removal of molding sand makes sense, and an uncontrolled outlet of dust-laden exhaust air in the immediate vicinity of the recovery device or excessive intake of outside air through this opening to reduce through the suction device 62. It In such a case, the clear cross section can be useful the discharge opening automatically by a sand accumulation to avoid evasive swing flap at least partially.
  • the removal opening 44 also below a minimum level to be observed the cooling fluidized bed are arranged.
  • opening the shut-off device 46 make sure that the level in the cooling fluidized bed 33 does not fall below a certain level Minimum height that is required to always be sufficient Provide cooling fluidized bed volume.
  • the recovery device 1 of the embodiment is further trained so that from the old sand and the core and Mold fragments resistant particles, e.g. Cast breakage, remains of burrs, broken feeders and similar fragments of metal Recycling material of a foundry, can be selected, regardless of how and where these parts in the old sand arrived or what type or how big they are.
  • the recovery device 1 has in a natural way through the hot fluidized bed via a separating agent for selection such resistant particles 53. They sink due to gravity in the hot fluidized bed and collect in the floor area. Of there they can be taken out from time to time.
  • the separating means is 52 a strainer basket 54 which can be removed from the hot fluidized bed is provided, in which the resistant particles 53 collect.
  • the strainer basket can be opened from time to time with the lid 13 open the handling device 56 lifted out of the hot fluidized bed become. After emptying the strainer basket, it can again into the fluidizing hot fluid bed like a liquid be lowered.
  • the rectangular screen basket 54 of the illustrated Embodiment has walls with grid-like Structure based on wall openings in the side walls and floor 55 has.
  • Handling device 56 for example a suitable lifting device, can the strainer basket 54, in which there are resistant particles 53 have accumulated, with the lid 13 open lift out of the hot fluidized bed 32 so that the resistant Particles no longer impair the action of the hot fluidized bed 32 can and the decomposition process of the introduced Core and form fragments can take place unhindered.
  • the sieve basket 54 emptied of the resistant particles 53 is then lowered again into the hot fluidized bed 32. While the remaining of the screen basket in the hot fluidized bed 32 is the Handling device 56 uncoupled from the strainer and the Cover 13 closed.
  • the grid in close succession on Sieve basket mounted wall openings 55 allow it Molding sand 16 of the hot fluidized bed 32, almost unhindered Inside of the strainer basket and the inserted core and Mold fragments 37 to act completely.
  • wall openings 55 can have a mesh size of 5 to 10 mm, so that resistant particles up to this size are retained in it become.
  • Smaller resistant particles that are specifically heavier than the fluidized molding sand, e.g. Metal balls or Metal chips are not caught by the screen basket 54 or withheld, but they still don't get in the cooling fluidized bed because of their larger specific Weight can not pass the overflow 34.
  • the hot fluidized bed is horizontal has a greater extension than the addition of the piece Treatments are required.
  • Such an enlargement is primarily for increasing the volume of molding sand and thus to increase the time of the treatment item in the hot fluidized bed or to increase the throughput per unit of time sensible due to the hot fluidized bed. It can be in such a way If the strainer basket is limited to the size of the addition point his; he doesn't need the entire hot fluid bed fill. It only has to be ensured that the Really fill in all entered treatment items is caught within the strainer. In addition, must the sieve basket inserted into the hot fluidized bed with its upper one The edge protrudes from the fluidized hot fluidized bed, so that it also specifically lighter, larger foreign particles e.g.
  • the resistant particles are made of iron, they can also by a permanent magnet inserted in the sieve basket are held, even if the iron particles are smaller than the mesh size of the screen basket. This can, if they are in a place other than where the permanent magnet is in the sieve basket, through the mesh of the strainer basket fall through and onto the bottom of the hot fluidized bed to lie down.
  • the permanent magnet must be heat resistant, i.e. its Curie point must be above the working temperature of the hot fluid bed lie. If necessary, he must from time to time be magnetized.
  • the exhaust gas discharge device has a suction device 62 and is also with a filter device 63 equipped with a cleaning of the exhaust gases before delivery to the environment.
  • a Sufficiently high suction capacity should be ensured that the top in the recovery chamber and in the cooling chamber, respectively an air pressure below the ambient air pressure prevails, so that outside air continuously in the leaks the chambers 3 and 4 are sucked in but no process gases can exit. If necessary, can also above an extractor hood is installed in both chambers 3 and 4, that ensures clean air at the workplace.
  • the process of dismantling the core and form fragments is proceeding within the hot fluidized bed only on the surface and therefore start slowly. This makes for a certain duration of treatment and Residence time of the old sand and the core and mold fragments in the Hot fluidized bed required, what for small and medium Flows of old sand as well as broken core and broken mold can be accepted.
  • the hot molding sand must also be used are fluidized in the cooling fluidized bed for a relatively long time, until it finally cooled to approximately room temperature is. Taken together, there are large amounts of air through the to move regenerating molding sand through it until it finally cleaned and cooled again.
  • 33 are parts in the exemplary embodiment of the respective outflow means 17, 18 in a horizontal distribution arranged in the area of the respective chamber 3, 4 near the floor, in a first arrangement with outflow openings 24 provided tubular bodies 22.
  • these tubular bodies 22 ' are the outflow openings aligned so that the registered there Fluidizing air flows horizontally into the fluidized bed, causing too a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the fluidized beds contributes.
  • the Fluidized grains of sand are also a preferred horizontal component of motion get imposed on what the decomposition of the the hot fluidized bed inserted core and form fragments also possible from their side surfaces.
  • the cooling fluidized bed allow the side inflow means an increased Air intake and thus an increased cooling capacity in comparison to a purely bottom entry of the fluidization air.
  • the fluidizing air whirling up the molding sand is said to have a such pressure in the hot fluidized bed 32 and / or in the cooling fluidized bed 33 are fed in, which is approximately proportional to Height of the fluidized fluidized bed above the respective one
  • the fluidization air is fed into the fluidized bed.
  • the outflow openings arranged in the floor area are all at the same depth within of the fluidized bed and can accordingly with the same air pressure be supplied.
  • the feed pressure of the bottom side is supplied by 80 cm Fluidization air amount to about 80 cm water column.
  • the Tubular body 22 for an equalization of the air outlet over be provided for the length. This can also be done by targeted different dimensioning of the outflow resistance the outflow openings and / or by decreasing cross-section of the tubular body can be reached towards the end.
  • the heating of the hot air fluidizing the hot fluidized bed 32 takes place in the case of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 outside the recovery chamber 3 by the heater 27.
  • everyone or at least some of those in the recovery chamber 3 first outflow means 17 within the recovery chamber 3 assigned a further heating device be shown in a possible embodiment in Figure 2 is.
  • the fluidization air is heated only after compressing the air to the required Operating pressure and in any case also before inflow the fluidizing air into the hot fluidized bed. That in the inflow means 17, 22, 22 'integrated heating can be an additional heater his. If the effect is sufficient, the can Air outlet means integrated heating but also as sole Heater can be used so that the external heater 27 could be omitted.
  • a heating device in all first outflow means 17 64 may integrate. Depending on the size of the fluidized bed and the amount of molding sand to be enforced per unit of time with less heat some of the tubular bodies without one such heating device 64 may be equipped.
  • tubular body 22, 22 'of the first outflow means 17 are generally cylindrical Have the outer contour, those with the heating device 64 cooperating tubular bodies 22 "according to FIG. 2 designed so that there is an arcuate cross-sectional shape.
  • the tubular body 22 has an overall groove-like shape and encloses an arcuate flow channel 65 Cross-section.
  • the heating device 64 has an outer cylindrical shaped heating element 66, which in the from the tubular body 22 " Defined concave longitudinal recess 67 with parallel alignment is attached heat transfer, so that a peripheral portion 68 of its outer surface enclosed by the tubular body 22 " is.
  • a peripheral portion 68 of its outer surface enclosed by the tubular body 22 " is.
  • FIG 2 is a arranged in the interior of the heating element 66, preferably electrically heated heating element 72 shown.
  • the heat exchange with the tubular body 22 " can still be done be improved that the tubular body 22 "and that Executes heating element 66 as an integral unit that only a single wall in the area of the longitudinal recess 67 is present, which is also a wall section of the tubular body 22 "and the heating element 66 forms.
  • the outflow openings 24 are located in the channel-like designed tubular body 22 "on the radially outer, that is cylindrical convex wall section. Conveniently, is generally avoided in the case of the horizontal outflow means 17, 18, 22 upward outflow openings 24, so there is no molding sand inside during work breaks the tubular body can penetrate.
  • cooling chambers each with an associated one Assign cooling fluidized bed.
  • These cooling chambers can be functional operated in parallel, especially if e.g. two Cooling chambers on opposite sides of the recovery chamber are arranged.
  • Through a multiple arrangement of cooling chambers can a larger volume of the cooling fluidized beds, that is, a longer residence time of the molding sand in the cooling chambers and thus a lower final temperature of the molding sand despite using one only at ambient temperature or cooling air at a slightly lower temperature can be reached.
  • Another alternative is a round one Training of the regeneration device with concentric Arrangement of the fluidized beds.
  • the recovery chamber with a hot fluidized bed is arranged centrally, whereas one or more Cooling chambers concentrically around the recovery chamber arranged with an arcuate fluidization device is or are.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Procédé pour régénérer du vieux sable et recycler le sable à partir de fragments de moule et à partir de noyaux provenant de fonderies, avec lequel les fragments de moule et de noyau sont concassés, le liant pour sable est gazéifié avec apport de chaleur et sorti du sable et avec lequel le sable nettoyé thermiquement est refroidi à la température ambiante, caractérisé par l'ensemble des caractéristiques suivantes:
    des fragments de moule et de noyau (37) non broyés ainsi que du vieux sable, qui peuvent être accompagnés de particules (53) d'un autre type, sont décomposés en grains de sable dans le cadre d'une étape de procédé unique dans un lit fluidisé chaud (32) aussi bien thermiquement que par l'influence mécanique du mouvement tourbillonnant, moyennant quoi des produits d'accompagnement organiques, en particulier des liants sont gazéifiés thermiquement et évacués sous cette forme du lit fluidisé chaud (32) (écoulement 38, 58),
    le refroidissement du sable de moulage nettoyé s'effectue dans un lit fluidisé froid (33) faisant suite au plan du fluide au lit fluidisé chaud (32), qui est exploité avec de l'air froid, le sable de moulage allant du lit fluidisé chaud (32) au lit fluidisé froid (33) en passant par un trop-plein (34).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un choix approprié de la pression d'air et de la quantité de l'air de fluidification faisant tourbillonner le sable de moulage et de la hauteur de remplissage permet de conserver dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32) une profondeur de fluidification qui correspond au moins au double du diamètre des plus gros fragments de moule ou de noyau (37).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en raison d'un transfert du point d'addition de vieux sable et de fragments de moule et de noyau (37) dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32) et du point de prélèvement (trop-plein 34) de sable de moulage nettoyé et chaud dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32) et conformément au passage de sable dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32), un mouvement de dérive de la charge de sable de moulage (16) se trouvant dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32) est généré à travers un agent de démoulage fixe et efficace sélectivement par rapport à certaines propriétés physiques ou en passant devant cet agent, des particules (53) résistantes au concassage ou à la gazéification pouvant être retenues sur cet agent de démoulage à l'intérieur du lit fluidisé chaud (32), être sélectionnée à partir de la charge de sable de moulage (16) qui continue de dériver et être évacuées de temps en temps.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les fragments de moule et de noyau (37) sont décomposés en grains de sable par le mouvement du sable et de l'air chaud fluidifiant du lit fluidisé chaud (32) aussi bien par sa face inférieure que par les faces latérales en introduisant l'air chaud entraínant le mouvement de sable fluidifiant non seulement par en dessous, mais également par le côté, et là avec une composante de mouvement horizontale, dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'air de fluidification, qui fait tourbillonner le sable de moulage (16, 16'), est introduit avec une pression dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32) et/ou dans le lit fluidisé froid (33), qui est à peu près proportionnel à la hauteur du lit fluidisé chaud ou froid (32 ou 33) au-dessus du point d'injection respectif de l'air de fluidification dans le lit fluidisé chaud ou froid (32 ou 33).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le lit fluidisé chaud (32) est exploité à une température située au-dessous de la température d'inflammation des gaz en formation, de préférence aux environs de 480 jusqu'à 530 °C.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'air de fluidification qui fait tourbillonner le lit fluidisé chaud (32) est réchauffé à la température de service seulement après la compression à la pression de service directement avant son injection dans le lit fluidisé chaud (32).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que des particules résistantes (53) sont séléctionnées en fonction de leur taille à partir de la charge de sable de moulage (16) du lit fluidisé chaud (32), un tamis (54) à effet mécanique étant utilisé comme agent de séparation.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme tamis un panier filtrant (54) ouvert vers le haut, pouvant être sorti par soulèvement vers le haut du lit fluidisé chaud (32) et pouvant être abaissé dans celui-ci, qui entoure le lit fluidisé chaud (32) au moins dans la zone du point d'addition pour le vieux sable et les fragments de noyau et de moule (37) sur le côté et vers le bas.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé en ce que des particules (53) résistantes sont sélectionnées en fonction de leur poids spécifique dans la charge de sable de moulage (16), un trop-plein (34) à effet mécanique étant utilisé comme agent de séparation.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que des particules (53) résistantes sont sélectionnées selon leur magnétisabilité dans la charge de sable de moulage (16), un aimant permanent résistant à la chaleur étant utilisé comme agent de séparation, dont le point de Curie est supérieur à la température de service du lit fluidisé chaud.
  12. Dispositif pour régénérer du vieux sable et recycler le sable à partir de fragments de moule et de noyaux provenant de fonderies, en particulier pour l'application du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par
    une chambre de recyclage (3), dans laquelle on peut générer un lit fluidisé chaud (32) constitué essentiellement de sable de moulage (16) réchauffé et traversé par le gaz, lit auquel le vieux sable et les fragments de noyau (37) et de moule peuvent être amenés,
    par une chambre de refroidissement (4), dans laquelle on peut générer un lit fluidisé froid (33) constitué essentiellement de sable de moulage (16') refroidi et traversé par le gaz, et
    par un trop-plein (34) qui permet un transfert du sable de moulage (16) réchauffé du lit fluidisé chaud (32) de la chambre de recyclage (3) à la chambre de réfrigération (4).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les chambres de recyclage et de refroidissement (3 et 4) sont regroupées en un module et sont prévues en particulier dans un conteneur (2) commun.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de prélèvement (43) sont attribués à la chambre de refroidissement (4) de préférence sous la forme d'au moins une ouverture de trop-plein (44) pour le prélèvement de sable de moulage refroidi dans le lit fluidisé froid (33).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de trop-plein (44) attribué à la chambre de refroidissement (4) pour le prélèvement de sable de moulage refroidi dans le lit fluidisé froid (33) est disposé plus bas au plan géodésique que le trop-plein (34) attribué à la chambre de recyclage (3) pour le transfert de sable de moulage (16) régénéré de la chambre de recyclage (3) à la chambre de refroidissement (4).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'à la chambre de recyclage (4) est attribué un panier filtrant (54) ouvert vers le haut, qui entoure au moins au moins la zone du point d'addition du lit fluidisé chaud (32) sur le côté et vers le bas et dépasse avec son bord supérieur sur le dessus du lit fluidisé chaud (32), peut être sorti par soulèvement du lit fluidisé chaud (32) et introduit dans celui-ci par abaissement.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la chambre de recyclage (3), mais de préférence également la chambre de refroidissement (4) est pourvue d'un couvercle (13 ou 14) amovible.
  18. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 17, caractérisé par un dispositif d'évacuation de gaz brûlés (56), qui évacue les gaz s'échappant de la chambre de recyclage (3) et/ou de la chambre de refroidissement (4) et est équipé de préférence d'un dispositif de filtrage (63).
  19. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu dans la chambre de recyclage (3) des premiers moyens d'évacuation (17) pour l'injection d'air de fluidification réchauffé qui sont intégrés avec un dispositif de chauffage (64).
  20. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 19, caractérisé en ce que, en dehors de moyens d'évacuation (17, 18; 22) proches du sol avec une répartition horizontale au moins dans la chambre de recyclage (3) et de préférence également dans la chambre de refroidissement (4), d'autres moyens d'évacuation (17, 18 ; 22') sont disposés dans la zone proche de la paroi latérale avec une répartition latérale, qui entraínent sensiblement une évacuation de gaz horizontale.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'évacuation (17, 18) sont formés de corps tubulaires (22, 22', 22") pourvus d'ouvertures d'évacuation (24).
  22. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de chauffage (64) est conçu de telle façon qu'il envoie de la chaleur aussi bien aux moyens d'évacuation (17, 22") attribués qu'au lit fluidisé (32) qui les entoure.
EP98121747A 1997-11-19 1998-11-16 Procédé et appareil pour récupérer du sable à noyaux et de moulage Expired - Lifetime EP0917921B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29720478U DE29720478U1 (de) 1997-11-19 1997-11-19 Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von im Gießereiwesen verwendetem Formsand
DE29720478U 1997-11-19

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EP0917921A1 EP0917921A1 (fr) 1999-05-26
EP0917921B1 true EP0917921B1 (fr) 2002-09-04

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69816612T2 (de) 1998-08-11 2004-06-09 Fata Aluminium S.P.A. Einrichtung und Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Regenerieren von Altsand
CN103286260A (zh) * 2013-06-03 2013-09-11 青岛天恒机械有限公司 一种覆膜砂再生系统能量回收的方法
CN117190201A (zh) * 2023-08-22 2023-12-08 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 一种分体式阴燃装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586818A (en) * 1947-08-21 1952-02-26 Harms Viggo Progressive classifying or treating solids in a fluidized bed thereof
US3685165A (en) * 1970-10-12 1972-08-22 Combustion Eng Thermal sand reclamation unit
PL87921B1 (fr) * 1974-03-04 1976-07-31 Przedsiebiorstwo Projektowaniapo
GB2044147B (en) * 1978-10-25 1982-11-17 Boc Ltd Cooling method
EP0122029B1 (fr) * 1983-03-09 1988-07-27 Cosworth Research And Development Limited Coulée d'un métal et régénération du sable de fonderie
GB2150854B (en) * 1983-12-06 1987-09-16 Coal Ind Hot gas generation
US5395596A (en) * 1993-05-11 1995-03-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor and method utilizing refuse derived fuel

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DE59805394D1 (de) 2002-10-10
ATE223266T1 (de) 2002-09-15
DE29720478U1 (de) 1998-01-02
EP0917921A1 (fr) 1999-05-26

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