EP0853995B1 - Metalloxide enthaltende Spritzgiessmassen zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern - Google Patents
Metalloxide enthaltende Spritzgiessmassen zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0853995B1 EP0853995B1 EP98100066A EP98100066A EP0853995B1 EP 0853995 B1 EP0853995 B1 EP 0853995B1 EP 98100066 A EP98100066 A EP 98100066A EP 98100066 A EP98100066 A EP 98100066A EP 0853995 B1 EP0853995 B1 EP 0853995B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- metal
- hydrogen
- molding
- vol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920012196 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CuO Inorganic materials [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II,IV) oxide Inorganic materials O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004413 injection moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/001—Starting from powder comprising reducible metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to molding compositions containing metal oxides, in particular Injection molding compositions which are suitable for the production of metal moldings, as well as processes for the production of metal moldings.
- the binder is then removed from the molding thus formed, and the molding should not be deformed.
- the binder can be removed in various ways. It is possible to thermally decompose the mostly organic binder by carefully increasing the temperature over a longer period of time and thus to remove it.
- the binder can also be constructed so that it is partially soluble in a solvent and this portion can be extracted with the solvent. The further binder portion is then thermally decomposed, which can be done more quickly than in the first variant, because after the soluble binder portion has been extracted, an open-pored body is already present and the thermal decomposition therefore does not create any internal pressure which could destroy the molding.
- the binder is most elegantly removed using a catalytic process, the binder used being, for example, a polyacetal which is directly depolymerized below its melting temperature under the influence of gaseous acids without the formation of a liquid phase to form gaseous formaldehyde.
- This process runs from the outside to the inside of the molding walls, which means that the entire gas exchange can also only take place in the already porous parts by volume, and likewise no disadvantageous internal pressure can be built up.
- This process has the further advantage that the debinding process takes place below the melting point of the binder, and the molding does not disadvantageously change its dimensions. Moldings which are very true to dimension are thus obtained.
- the deviation of the linear dimensions from the target dimension is a maximum of +/- 0.3%, often less.
- the roughness depths of the molded parts are essentially determined by the powder size used, so that roughness depths R Z of 1 ⁇ m are not undercut.
- For the production of parts with smaller roughness metal powder would be of smaller diameter than 2 ⁇ m necessary.
- the ratio of surface area to volume increases with decreasing particle size, which makes the metal powders more and more chemically reactive.
- Base metals, such as iron, cobalt, zinc or nickel, become pyrophoric and cannot be processed in air.
- the spraying of metal melts means that particle sizes of 5 ⁇ m are hardly exceeded. Often, the metal powders cannot be further crushed by grinding because they are too ductile.
- US-A-4 415 528 relates to a process for the production of metal moldings by Injection molding.
- nickel powder and iron powder are used Chromium oxide powder with a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m mixed.
- the LIGA process is used, for example, to produce tool inserts that are used to produce parts by injection molding that have dimensions in the ⁇ m range and roughness in the nanometer range.
- a light-sensitive polymer layer is placed on a base plate, a so-called photoresist, applied and through a mask, which contains the structures to be produced in cross section.
- the portions of the polymer layer exposed through the mask become soluble and can therefore be washed out.
- the metal structure thus obtained can be used as a mold can be used for an injection mold.
- the object of the invention is to provide molding compositions or injection molding compositions for the production of metal moldings that have a property profile have their use in very fine mold inserts, for example allowed from the LIGA process.
- the shaped bodies obtained in this way are said to be in Fineness and surface quality of those produced using the LIGA process Conform shapes.
- the object is achieved by molding compositions according to claim 9, containing in a flowable binder 20 to 50 vol .-%, based on the total volume of the molding composition, of a powder of one or more metal oxides and, if appropriate, metal carbides and / or metal nitrides which cannot be reduced with hydrogen, where at least 65% by volume of the powder have a particle size of at most 0.5 ⁇ m and the rest of the powder have a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m , and at least 90% by volume of the powder consist of metal oxides which can be reduced with hydrogen.
- the present inventors have found that you can use instead of the large-grained, poorly accessible and difficult to handle metal powder, metal oxide powder with particle sizes below 1 ⁇ m for the production of the molding materials.
- the molding compound or injection molding compound is shaped into a molding, the molding is debindered and sintered with a reduction in the metal oxides in a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- a powder which has at least 65% by volume of a particle size of at most 0.5 ⁇ m , the rest of the powder having a particle size of at most 1 ⁇ m . Particularly preferably, at least 80% by volume of the powder have a particle size of at most 0.5 ⁇ m . At least 90% by volume of the powder consists of hydrogen-reducible metal oxides, the remaining portion of the powder consisting of hydrogen-reducible metal oxides, metal carbides and / or metal nitrides.
- Suitable metal oxides are those which are reducible with hydrogen and are sinterable, so that they can be produced from them by heating under a hydrogen atmosphere or in the presence of hydrogen.
- metals whose oxides can be used can be found in groups VIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IVA of the periodic table.
- suitable metal oxides are Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , NiO, CoO, Co 3 O 4 , CuO, Cu 2 O, Ag 2 O, WO 3 , MoO 3 , SnO, SnO 2 , CdO, PbO, Pb 3 O 4 , PbO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 .
- the lower oxides are preferably used, such as Cu 2 O instead of CuO and PbO instead of PbO 2 , since the higher oxides are oxidizing agents which, under certain conditions, can react, for example, with organic binders.
- the oxides can be used individually or as mixtures. For example, pure iron moldings or pure copper moldings can be obtained. When using mixtures of the oxides, alloys and doped metals are accessible, for example.
- steel parts are produced from iron oxide / nickel oxide / molybdenum oxide mixtures and bronzes from copper oxide / tin oxide mixtures which may also contain zinc, nickel or lead oxide.
- Particularly preferred metal oxides are iron oxide, nickel oxide and / or molybdenum oxide.
- the metal oxides used in this invention having a particle size of not more than 1 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 0.5 ⁇ m, can be prepared by different methods, preferably prepared by chemical reactions.
- the hydroxides, oxide hydrates, carbonates or oxalates, for example, can be precipitated from solutions of metal salts, the particles possibly being obtained in very fine particles in the presence of dispersants.
- the precipitates are separated and brought to the highest possible purity by washing.
- the precipitated particles are dried by heating and converted to the metal oxides at elevated temperatures.
- the metal oxides or at least 65% by volume of the powder used according to the invention preferably have a BET surface area of at least 5, preferably at least 7 m 2 / g.
- metal oxides that can be reduced with hydrogen
- metal carbides metal nitrides that cannot be reduced with hydrogen
- oxides ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2
- carbides SiC, WC or TiC.
- An example of a nitride is TiN.
- the one used in the molding compositions according to the invention Powder has at least 90% by volume, particularly preferably at least 95% by volume, based on the powder, on hydrogen-reducible metal oxides. If metal oxides, metal carbides and / or not reducible with hydrogen Metal nitrides are used, they are preferably in amounts of 1 to 10, particularly preferably 2 to 5% by volume, based on the powder, in front.
- the powder used according to the invention is present in the molding compositions in quantities from 20 to 50% by volume, preferably 25 to 45% by volume, particularly preferably 30 to 40 vol .-%, based on the total volume of the molding compound.
- the powder used in the molding compositions according to the invention is distributed in a flowable binder. If necessary, additional a dispersant can be used. According to a preferred embodiment
- the invention consists of the molding composition from that described above Powder, a flowable binder and optionally a dispersant.
- the molding compound has In addition to these components, other components as described below are described.
- binders which are suitable for use in the powder injection molding process can be used as flowable binders. They are preferably flowable at the processing temperature so that they can be injection molded into molds.
- the binders described above in the prior art can be used. It is therefore possible to use binders which are thermally decomposed and thus removed, binder mixtures, some of which can be extracted with solvents and the other part can be thermally decomposed, or binders which are used, for example, in the form of a polyacetal which is below its melting temperature below the influence of gaseous acids can be depolymerized directly to gaseous products without the formation of a liquid phase. Suitable binders are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the flowable binder preferably contains an organic polymer.
- a polyoxymethylene copolymer is used in the molding composition according to claim 9, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 444 475, EP-A-0 446 708 and EP-A-0 444 475. It is preferably a polyoxymethylene copolymer which contains 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 mol% of butanediol formal as comonomer. Polybutanediol formal can be used as an additional binder.
- All dispersants used for Dispersion of metal oxide particles of the specified particle size in Binders are suitable.
- a suitable class of substances for the dispersants are alkoxylated fatty alcohols or alkoxylated fatty acid amides.
- suitable ingredients of the molding compositions are those during processing processing stabilizers used by polyoxymethylene.
- the molding compositions according to the invention are for injection molding usable from metal moldings. It is used to manufacture the Molding the organic and inorganic components in suitable Mixers mixed. This is preferably done in a kneading device while melting the flowable binder. After solidification the molding compositions are preferably granulated. You can be injection molded by known methods, preferably at melt temperatures from 170 to 200 ° C. The shape used preferably has a temperature of 120 to 140 ° C.
- the binder is then removed from the moldings thus obtained. Depending on the binder used, this can be done by slowly heating, Treat with a solvent and then heat or Treat with an acid and heat up. This is preferably done Debinder simultaneously with heating to reduce and sinter the Shaped.
- the molding in the presence of hydrogen is preferred under hydrogen atmosphere, at a rate of 1 to 20 ° C / min, preferably 2 to 10 ° C / min to the material-specific sintering temperature heated, 1 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 hours at Leave the sintering temperature and then cool down. During the slow The binder is removed by heating.
- the one used for reduction Hydrogen preferably has a maximum dew point of -10 ° C, particularly preferably from less than -40 ° C. The dew point will be chosen so that a reduction under the Reaction conditions is possible.
- an extremely dry hydrogen with a dew point of less than -40 ° C is required.
- the reduction is carried out at temperatures above 1500 ° C., particularly preferably above 1600 ° C.
- the alloy components often sinter at 1200 to 1300 ° C, while when using Cr 2 O 3 this can still remain in the molding unreduced.
- the chromium content is therefore preferably used as ferrochrome with a particle size of the particles of at most 1 ⁇ m .
- the volume fraction of the ferrochrome is preferably less than 35% by volume. It is thus possible to produce stainless steels alloyed with chromium and, if appropriate, nickel and molybdenum, without fear that non-reduced Cr 2 O 3 remains in the otherwise already sintered molding.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing molded metal bodies by injection molding a molding compound as described above is, in a form, removal of the binder from the thus obtained Molding and reducing and sintering the debindered molding into one Shaped metal body in the presence of hydrogen.
- the removal takes place of the binder preferably thermally in one step with the reducing and sintering by heating the molding to the sintering temperature in Presence of hydrogen.
- the moldings shrink up to 5 times, based on volume or up to half based on linear Dimensions.
- This high shrinkage is just for making very Small structures are an advantage because the injection mold is about the Factor 2 can be made larger in every dimension and therefore very large fine details can be formed.
- the dimensional tolerances of the sintered Moldings are preferred despite the high absolute shrinkage maximum +/- 0.3%, particularly preferably +/- 0.15%.
- the surface roughness R Z is preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, R a less than 0.2 ⁇ m, measured according to DIN 4768 or DIN 4768/1.
- injection molding compounds listed in the examples below were Manufactured according to a uniform procedure, thermally debindered and when the material is adequate Sintering reducing temperatures under hydrogen.
- thermoplastic polyoxymethylene copolymer which contained 2 mol% of butanediol formal as a comonomer and had a melt index of about 45 g / 10 min at 190 ° C. and 2.16 kg coating weight was used as the flowable binder.
- Solsperse® 17000 from ICI was used as the dispersant for dispersing the inorganic powders. The amounts are given in the table below.
- the organic and inorganic components of the molding compound were in a paddle mixer of 1 l useful content melted at 190 ° C and for Kneaded for 90 min. The paddle mixer was then cooled and the mass solidified and granulated in the rotating kneader.
- the so obtained Injection molding compounds were at 180 ° C melt temperature in a to 130 ° C tempered mold for a bending rod with the dimensions 1.5 x 6 x 50 mm injected.
- the bending bars produced in this way were heated up in a tube furnace under a hydrogen atmosphere (hydrogen with a dew point around -10 ° C.) at a rate of 2 ° C./min to the specified material-specific sintering temperature and left at the sintering temperature for 2 hours. The oven was then cooled. During the slow heating process, the polyoxymethylene and the polybutanediol formal depolymerized in the temperature range from 220 to 300 ° C. without the formation of cracks in the thin-walled bending rod.
- the flexural bars were supported on a powder bed of alumina powder with about 5 ⁇ m particle size, in order to facilitate the shrinking.
- the surface roughness values obtained with a polished injection mold were in any case less than 1 ⁇ m for R Z and less than 0.2 ⁇ m for R a .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
Besonders bevorzugt wird ein Gemisch aus 75 bis 89 Gew.-% Polyoximethylencopolymer, das 2 Mol.-% Butandiolformal als Comonomer enthält und einen Schmelzindex von etwa 45 g/10 min bei 190°C und 2,16 kg Auflagegewicht aufweist, und 11 bis 25 Gew.-% Polybutandiolformal mit einem Molekulargewicht Mn von etwa 20.000 eingesetzt.
Claims (10)
- Verwendung von Formmassen, enthaltend in einem fließfähigen Bindemittel 20 bis 50 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtvolumen der Formmasse, eines Pulvers aus einem oder mehreren Metalloxiden und gegebenenfalls nicht mit Wasserstoff reduzierbaren Metallcarbiden und/oder Metallnitriden, wobei mindestens 65 Vol.-% des Pulvers eine Teilchengröße von maximal 0,5 µm und der Rest des Pulvers eine Teilchengröße von maximal 1 µm aufweisen, und mindestens 90 Vol.-% des Pulvers aus mit Wasserstoff reduzierbaren Metalloxiden bestehen, als Spritzgießmassen zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 65 Vol.-% des Pulvers der Formmasse eine BET-Oberfläche von mindestens 5 m2/g aufweisen.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das fließfähige Bindemittel der Formmasse ein organisches Polymer enthält.
- Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formmasse ein Dispergiermittel für das Pulver enthält.
- Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Formmasse als mit Wasserstoff reduzierbare Metalloxide Fe2O3, FeO, Fe3O4, NiO, CoO, Co3O4, CuO, Cu2O, Ag2O, Bi2O3, WO3, MoO3, SnO, SnO2, CdO, PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2, Cr2O3 oder Gemische davon eingesetzt werden.
- Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulver in der Formmasse 1 bis 10 Vol.-% nicht mit Wasserstoff reduzierbare Metalloxide, Metallcarbide, Metallnitride oder deren Gemische mit einer Teilchengröße von maximal 0,5 µm enthält.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern durch Spritzgießen einer Formmasse, wie sie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 definiert ist, in eine Form, Entfernung des Bindemittels aus dem so erhaltenen Formling und Reduzieren und Sintern des entbinderten Formlings zu einem Metallformkörper in Gegenwart von Wasserstoff.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Entfernen des Bindemittels thermisch in einem Schritt mit dem Reduzieren und Sintern durch Aufheizen des Formlings auf die Sintertemperatur in Gegenwart von Wasserstoff erfolgt.
- Formmasse, enthaltend in einem fließfähigen Bindemittel aus einem Polyoximethylencopolymer und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich Butandiolformal 20 bis 50 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtvolumen der Formmasse, eines Pulvers aus einem oder mehreren Metalloxiden und gegebenenfalls nicht mit Wasserstoff reduzierbaren Metallcarbiden und/oder Metallnitriden, wobei mindestens 65 Vol.-% des Pulvers eine Teilchengröße von maximal 0,5 µm und der Rest des Pulvers eine Teilchengröße von maximal 1 µm aufweisen, und mindestens 90 Vol.-% des Pulvers aus mit Wasserstoff reduzierbaren Metalloxiden bestehen.
- Formmasse nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polyoximethylencopolymer 0,5 bis 10 Mol.-% Butandiolformal als Comonomer enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19700277 | 1997-01-07 | ||
| DE19700277A DE19700277A1 (de) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | Metalloxide enthaltende Spritzgießmassen zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0853995A1 EP0853995A1 (de) | 1998-07-22 |
| EP0853995B1 true EP0853995B1 (de) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=7816902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98100066A Expired - Lifetime EP0853995B1 (de) | 1997-01-07 | 1998-01-05 | Metalloxide enthaltende Spritzgiessmassen zur Herstellung von Metallformkörpern |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6080808A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0853995B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH10298606A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100516081B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE209076T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19700277A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2168690T3 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW495532B (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10014403A1 (de) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-27 | Wolfgang Kochanek | Verfahren zur Fertigung von Metallteilen |
| US6641776B1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2003-11-04 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Method for preparing radiopaque surgical implement |
| AU2003221013A1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-11-01 | Taisei Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Method for producing sintered powder molding, sintered powder molding, method for producing injection powder molding, injection powder molding and die for injection powder molding |
| KR100966754B1 (ko) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-06-29 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 환원-소결 일체형 공정을 통한 나노 금속 소결체 제조 방법 |
| KR20140121473A (ko) | 2012-02-02 | 2014-10-15 | 바스프 에스이 | 열가소성 pom 조성물 |
| TW201500443A (zh) | 2013-04-18 | 2015-01-01 | Basf Se | 聚甲醛共聚物及熱塑性pom組成物 |
| US10961384B2 (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2021-03-30 | Basf Se | Process for improving the flexural toughness of moldings |
| JP6848521B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-24 | 2021-03-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 金属粉末射出成形用コンパウンド、焼結体の製造方法および焼結体 |
| EP4036167A1 (de) | 2019-12-24 | 2022-08-03 | Kolon Plastics, Inc. | Bindemittelzusammensetzung für metallpulverspritzgiessen |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4421660A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-12-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Colloidal size hydrophobic polymers particulate having discrete particles of an inorganic material dispersed therein |
| US4415528A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1983-11-15 | Witec Cayman Patents, Limited | Method of forming shaped metal alloy parts from metal or compound particles of the metal alloy components and compositions |
| US4604259A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1986-08-05 | Scm Corporation | Process for making copper-rich metal shapes by powder metallurgy |
| JP2842536B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-31 | 1999-01-06 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物 |
| DE4026965A1 (de) * | 1990-08-25 | 1992-02-27 | Basf Ag | Versinterbare pulver enthaltende, vergiessbare formmasse |
| DE69221119T2 (de) * | 1991-09-04 | 1997-12-11 | Nihon Millipore Kogyo K K | Verfahren zur herstellung eines porösen metallkörpers |
| JPH05254945A (ja) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-10-05 | Hitachi Ltd | 反応焼結セラミックスの製造法 |
| US5686676A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-11 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Process for making improved copper/tungsten composites |
-
1997
- 1997-01-07 DE DE19700277A patent/DE19700277A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 US US09/002,833 patent/US6080808A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 DE DE59802182T patent/DE59802182D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 EP EP98100066A patent/EP0853995B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 ES ES98100066T patent/ES2168690T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 AT AT98100066T patent/ATE209076T1/de active
- 1998-01-07 TW TW087100140A patent/TW495532B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-07 KR KR10-1998-0000178A patent/KR100516081B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-07 JP JP10001570A patent/JPH10298606A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0853995A1 (de) | 1998-07-22 |
| TW495532B (en) | 2002-07-21 |
| ES2168690T3 (es) | 2002-06-16 |
| JPH10298606A (ja) | 1998-11-10 |
| US6080808A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
| KR19980070378A (ko) | 1998-10-26 |
| DE19700277A1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
| ATE209076T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
| DE59802182D1 (de) | 2002-01-03 |
| KR100516081B1 (ko) | 2005-12-06 |
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