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EP0311145B1 - Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0311145B1
EP0311145B1 EP88118051A EP88118051A EP0311145B1 EP 0311145 B1 EP0311145 B1 EP 0311145B1 EP 88118051 A EP88118051 A EP 88118051A EP 88118051 A EP88118051 A EP 88118051A EP 0311145 B1 EP0311145 B1 EP 0311145B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
mould
cement
mixture
reinforcement
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EP88118051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0311145A3 (en
EP0311145A2 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Nohlen
Hubert Hasenfratz
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE8888118051T priority Critical patent/DE3686332D1/en
Priority to AT88118051T priority patent/ATE79070T1/en
Priority to EP88118051A priority patent/EP0311145B1/en
Publication of EP0311145A2 publication Critical patent/EP0311145A2/en
Publication of EP0311145A3 publication Critical patent/EP0311145A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
    • B28B1/32—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon by projecting, e.g. spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0091—Transformable moulds allowing the change of shape of an initial moulded preform by preform deformation or the change of its size by moulding on the preform

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the production of vessels open at least on one side from cement, optionally from cement mortar and from reinforcement according to the preamble of the claim, and to a method for the production of such vessels using this device.
  • the invention aims at the production of weather-resistant utensils which have a shape adapted to their respective use. According to the invention, therefore, flower pots, plant bowls, rain barrels, garbage containers or similar utility containers can be produced which are predominantly set up outdoors and are there in particular exposed to the attack of the aggressive atmosphere. These vessels can be designed according to individual designs in predetermined rotationally symmetrical shapes. These vessels get their weather resistance from the material from which they are made. The color of the vessels is also weatherproof, but is largely arbitrary.
  • the vessels produced by the method according to the invention are smooth on the outside and therefore have the advantages based thereon. This includes in particular dirt repellency, attractive appearance, etc.
  • the vessels are hollow bodies which are relatively thin-skinned in the interest of the lowest possible weight and a correspondingly favorable ratio of material expenditure and vessel size.
  • vessels of this type are required to have a high level of strength, which not only has to withstand the subsequent loading of the vessel with its filling, but should also include resistance to impact and shock.
  • GB-A-146 400 From GB-A-146 400 a method is known in which rotationally symmetrical cement containers are produced with the help of a rotating mold, against the inner wall of which the cement mass is sprayed.
  • the container wall created in the process can contain metal reinforcement or a sealing layer.
  • glass fibers can be added to the jet under reinforcement under pressure in a free jet of moist cement applied for reinforcement.
  • the invention is based on previously known vessels made of asbestos cement.
  • a mixture is used in which the plate-shaped mineral is added to the cement or cement mortar in a predetermined proportion.
  • the mixture is made in free-fall or compulsory mixers, such as those used for the preparation of bitumen or mortar.
  • the mixture is introduced into molds provided with an inner formwork and hardens in the mold space between the formwork skins of the inner and outer formwork.
  • the plate shape of the mineral leads to smooth inner and outer surfaces because the mineral particles are in the wet Orient the mixture accordingly and later overlap it at least partially.
  • the mixture from which the previously known vessels are made has been suspected for some time of releasing carcinogenic particles under the influence of the atmospheres.
  • the method by which such vessels are made results in relatively thick walls and bottoms of the vessels compared to their size, i. E., Due to the limited accuracy with which reusable molds can be produced with an inner and outer formwork. H. their area dimensions or their volume. This is undesirable because of the cost of materials, but also because of the weight of the receptacle and often also for design reasons.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with which it is possible to produce vessels which are harmless from a health standpoint with economical use of materials and with sufficient freedom of design, which are light but sufficiently robust.
  • glass fiber cement is used.
  • This material is known for itself. It consists of pure cement or cement mortar and glass fibers of a suitable length and is used essentially according to a method that deviates from the invention. This is because the glass fibers provided with a special size and cut to length are introduced into the mixture before it is applied. The mixture is therefore also usually prepared in the usual free-fall or compulsory mixers. Then the mixture is either sprayed. However, this results in an orientation of the fibers, which is unsuitable for the manufacture of the vessels mentioned for the reasons mentioned at the beginning. Or, after it has been introduced, the mixture is hardened in a mold space formed between an inner and an outer formwork.
  • the known method is not suitable for thin-walled moldings, because the glass fibers, even if they have a short length, do not align parallel to the mold walls in the introduced mixture and result in unsightly outer surfaces and unsuitable surfaces Reinforcements result that do not develop sufficient strength in thin-shelled bodies.
  • the addition of the cut glass fibers e.g. B. by a shredder arranged on a spray nozzle before or after the exit of the free jet from the spray nozzle, which, when hitting the mold wall for aligning the glass fibers, essentially parallel to the mold wall and thus leading to sufficient reinforcement in thin-shelled vessels.
  • the glass fibers can have a length of up to 3 cm.
  • Cement can be used as white cement or with the addition of Fe2O3 color in the mixture.
  • Common planters are z. B. with two to five, preferably three layers.
  • This structure of the body of the vessel takes place without inner formwork solely through the adhesion of the wet to moist mixture on the inner skin of the outer form.
  • This skin then consists either of fabric or of a metal sheet, preferably coated with formwork oil.
  • the adhesion achieved when spraying is maintained in the moist state of the mixture until it has hardened.
  • Such thin-walled shell bodies also turn out to be uniform in the formation of raised or recessed vessel parts, such as those that arise, for example, from ornaments arranged on the outside.
  • These ornaments can be given sufficient strength, ie sublimity or indentation, within the scope of the manufacturing method according to the invention, because apart from the thin-shelled form, the omission of the inner formwork enables the form to be divisible. which is sufficiently simple, but simplifies removal from the mold while avoiding surfaces with a blocking effect.
  • the device according to the invention can therefore be used to produce vessels which are harmless to their surroundings because of the non-carcinogenic glass fibers, but are produced in simple shapes which can be used correspondingly frequently.
  • the vessels produced in this way nevertheless enable complicated shapes, such as, for. B. are known from the pottery, especially since the vessels are to be rotationally symmetrical.
  • vessels produced according to the invention are preferably provided with a permanent coloring, as has already been described above.
  • a rotationally symmetrical shape (42), a turntable is used as the device (43), which rotates in the direction of the arrow (44) when the mixture layers described are applied.
  • a manipulator, generally designated (45) is used to apply the layers. Only the outer end (46) of the manipulator arm is visible, which is movable on the one hand perpendicular to the plane of the table (43) according to the double arrow (47), but which on the other hand has a head (48). This has an angled nozzle (49) from which the free jet (50) emerges.
  • the head can be pivoted about 180 degrees in accordance with the double arrow (52) in the tubular joint (53). In accordance with the direction of the arrow, which is not indicated, it is thereby possible to direct the beam perpendicularly onto the partial surfaces (54-56) of the mold (42) which are curved outwards. This is the prerequisite for the construction of thin layers from which the hollow body can be produced, which has a pot-like shape in the exemplary embodiment.
  • recesses (57) are provided which have blind bottoms and which later form the feet of the vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

In a method for making vessels from cement open at least at one end, for instance from cement mortar and a reinforcement which is added to the cement while it is wet, the mixture being introduced into a mould from which the vessel is removed with an outer wall having the smoothness of the formwork, provision is made according to the invention for glass fibres to be used as the reinforcement and added to the wet cement delivered under pressure in a free spray (50) as it is delivered, and for the mould (42) to be rotated upon itself on a plate (43) about a vessel axis passing essentially perpendicularly through the aperture area of the vessel, the mixture being introduced through the vessel aperture and the free spray (50) being swivelled and/or moved downwards in a perpendicular plane of the vessel in order to apply the mixture to the mould wall in layer upon layer of wet cement, whereupon the vessel is removed from the formwork as a self- supporting body. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von mindestens einseitig offenen Gefäßen aus Zement, gegebenenfalls aus Zementmörtel und aus einer Bewehrung gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Gefäße unter Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a device for the production of vessels open at least on one side from cement, optionally from cement mortar and from reinforcement according to the preamble of the claim, and to a method for the production of such vessels using this device.

Die Erfindung bezweckt die Herstellung von witterungsbeständigen Gebrauchsgefäßen, welche eine ihrem jeweiligen Gebrauchszweck angepaßte Formgebung aufweisen. Gemäß der Erfindung können deswegen Blumenkübel, Pflanzschalen, Regentonnen, Müllgefäße oder ähnliche Gebrauchsgefäße hergestellt werden welche überwiegend im Freien aufgestellt und dort insbesondere dem Angriff der aggressiven Atmospäre ausgesetzt sind. Diese Gefäße können nach individuellen Entwürfen in vorgegebenen rotationssymmetrischen Formen ausgebildet werden. Ihre Witterungsbeständigkeit erhalten diese Gefäße aus dem Material, aus dem sie bestehen. Die Farbe der Gefäße ist ebenfalls witterungsbeständig, im übrigen aber weitgehend beliebig. Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Gefäße sind außen glatt und besitzen daher die hierauf beruhenden Vorteile. Dazu gehören insbesondere Schmutzabweisung, ansprechendes Äußeres usw.The invention aims at the production of weather-resistant utensils which have a shape adapted to their respective use. According to the invention, therefore, flower pots, plant bowls, rain barrels, garbage containers or similar utility containers can be produced which are predominantly set up outdoors and are there in particular exposed to the attack of the aggressive atmosphere. These vessels can be designed according to individual designs in predetermined rotationally symmetrical shapes. These vessels get their weather resistance from the material from which they are made. The color of the vessels is also weatherproof, but is largely arbitrary. The vessels produced by the method according to the invention are smooth on the outside and therefore have the advantages based thereon. This includes in particular dirt repellency, attractive appearance, etc.

Bei den Gefäßen handelt es sich um Hohlkörper, welche verhältnismäßig dünnschalig im Interesse eines möglichst geringen Gewichtes und eines dementsprechend günstigen Verhältnisses von Materialaufwand und Gefäßgröße sind. Andererseits wird von den Gefäßen dieser Art eine hohe Festigkeit verlangt, welche nicht nur gegen die spätere Belastung des Gefäßes mit seiner Füllung bestehen muß, sondern auch die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Stoß und Schlag beinhalten soll.The vessels are hollow bodies which are relatively thin-skinned in the interest of the lowest possible weight and a correspondingly favorable ratio of material expenditure and vessel size. On the other hand, vessels of this type are required to have a high level of strength, which not only has to withstand the subsequent loading of the vessel with its filling, but should also include resistance to impact and shock.

Aus der GB-A-146 400 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem rotationssymmetrische Behälter aus Zement mit Hilfe einer rotierenden Form, gegen deren Innenwandung die Zementmasse gespritzt wird, hergestellt werden. Die dabei erzeugte Behälterwand kann eine Metallbewehrung oder eine Dichtungsschicht enthalten. Gemäß GB-A-2 145 353 können unter Druck in freiem Strahl aus einer Düse ausgebrachtem feuchten Zement zur Bewehrung Glasfasern in den Strahl zugesetzt werden.From GB-A-146 400 a method is known in which rotationally symmetrical cement containers are produced with the help of a rotating mold, against the inner wall of which the cement mass is sprayed. The container wall created in the process can contain metal reinforcement or a sealing layer. According to GB-A-2 145 353, glass fibers can be added to the jet under reinforcement under pressure in a free jet of moist cement applied for reinforcement.

Die Erfindung geht von vorbekannten Gefäßen aus Asbestzement aus. Hierbei verwendet man eine Mischung, in der dem Zement bzw. dem Zementmörtel das plattenförmige Mineral im vorbestimmten anteiligen Verhältnis zugesetzt wird. Meistens stellt man die Mischung in Freifall- oder Zwangsmischern her, wie sie auch für die Zubereitung von Bitumen oder Mörteln benutzt werden. Die Mischung wird in mit einer Innenschalung versehenen Formen eingebracht und härtet im Formraum zwischen den Schalhäuten der Innen- und Außenschalung aus. Die Plattenform des Minerals führt zu schalungsglatten Innen- und Außenflächen weil sich die Mineralpartikel in der nassen Mischung entsprechend orientieren und später wenigstens teilweise überlappen.The invention is based on previously known vessels made of asbestos cement. Here, a mixture is used in which the plate-shaped mineral is added to the cement or cement mortar in a predetermined proportion. Mostly, the mixture is made in free-fall or compulsory mixers, such as those used for the preparation of bitumen or mortar. The mixture is introduced into molds provided with an inner formwork and hardens in the mold space between the formwork skins of the inner and outer formwork. The plate shape of the mineral leads to smooth inner and outer surfaces because the mineral particles are in the wet Orient the mixture accordingly and later overlap it at least partially.

Die Mischung, aus der die vorbekannten Gefäße hergestellt werden, steht seit einiger Zeit im Verdacht, krebserregende Partikel unter dem Einfluß der Atmosphärilien freizusetzen. Das Verfahren, nach dem solche Gefäße hergestellt werden, führt wegen der begrenzten Genauigkeit, mit der vielfach wiederverwendbare Formen mit einer Innen- und Außenschalung hergestellt werden können, zu relativ dicken Wandungen und Böden der Gefäße im Vergleich zu ihrer Größe, d. h. ihrer Flächenabmessungen bzw. ihres Rauminhaltes. Das ist wegen des Materialaufwandes, aber auch aus Gründen des Gefäßgewichtes sowie häufig auch aus formgestalterischen Gründen unerwünscht.The mixture from which the previously known vessels are made has been suspected for some time of releasing carcinogenic particles under the influence of the atmospheres. The method by which such vessels are made results in relatively thick walls and bottoms of the vessels compared to their size, i. E., Due to the limited accuracy with which reusable molds can be produced with an inner and outer formwork. H. their area dimensions or their volume. This is undesirable because of the cost of materials, but also because of the weight of the receptacle and often also for design reasons.

Es kommt hinzu, daß jedenfalls bestimmte Teile des Gefäßes einen inhomogenen Aufbau der Mischung zeigen, weil diese entweder bereits vor dem Einbringen in die Form nicht gleichmäßig ausgefallen ist oder Entmischungen in der Form aufgetreten sind. Das ist aus Gründen ungleichmäßiger Festigkeit unerwünscht, verhindert aber häufig auch das Einformen von Ornamenten bzw. Teilen des Gefäßes, z. B. von Füßen. Diese Ornamente bzw. Gefäßteile sollen in der Regel auf den Gefäßwänden und zumeist außen erscheinen. Sie wirken mit ihren Außenflächen häufig sperrend bei der Entformung.In addition, certain parts of the vessel show an inhomogeneous structure of the mixture, either because the mixture has not turned out uniformly before being introduced into the mold or because segregation has occurred in the mold. This is undesirable for reasons of uneven strength, but often also prevents the molding of ornaments or parts of the vessel, e.g. B. of feet. These ornaments or Vessel parts should usually appear on the vessel walls and mostly outside. With their outer surfaces, they often have a blocking effect on demolding.

Dabei hat das vorbekannte Herstellungsverfahren noch einen weiteren Nachteil. Dieser besteht darin, daß erhöhte, in mancherlei Hinsicht aber auch vertiefte Formteile, insbesondere komplizierte Ornamente nur flach, wenn überhaupt, ausgeformt werden können, meistens aber überhaupt nicht bereits in der Form hergestellt werden können. Wenn solche Ornamente eine entsprechend komplizierte Formgestaltung aufweisen, müssen sie nachträglich auf das erhärtete Gefäß aufgebracht, z. B. aufgeklebt werden. Das ist nicht nur aufwendig, sonder häufig auch unzweckmäßig im Hinblick auf spätere Ablösungserscheinungen.The previously known manufacturing process has yet another disadvantage. This consists in the fact that raised, but in some respects also deepened molded parts, in particular complicated ornaments, can only be shaped flat, if at all, but mostly cannot already be produced in the mold at all. If such ornaments have a correspondingly complicated design, they must be applied subsequently to the hardened vessel, e.g. B. be stuck on. This is not only time-consuming, it is also often unsuitable with regard to subsequent signs of detachment.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit denen es möglich ist, vom gesundheitlichen Standpunkt unbedenkliche Gefäße bei sparsamem Materialeinsatz mit hinreichender Gestaltungsfreiheit herzustellen, welche leicht, jedoch ausreichend widerstandsfähig sind.The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with which it is possible to produce vessels which are harmless from a health standpoint with economical use of materials and with sufficient freedom of design, which are light but sufficiently robust.

Diese Aufgabe löst die Erfindung mit einer Vorrichtung und einem Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 1 und 3.The invention achieves this object with a device and a method with the characterizing features of patent claims 1 and 3.

Gemäß der Erfindung verwendet man sogenannten Glasfaserzement. Dieses Material ist für sich bekannt. Es besteht aus reinem Zement bzw. Zementmörtel und Glasfasern in geeigneter Länge und wird im wesentlichen nach einem von der Erfindung abweichenden Verfahren eingesetzt. Hierbei werden nämlich die mit einer speziellen Schlichte versehenen, auf Länge geschnittenen Glasfasern in die Mischung eingebracht, bevor diese ausgebracht wird. Die Mischung wird daher ebenfalls in der Regel in den üblichen Freifall- bzw. Zwangsmischern zubereitet. Danach wird die Mischung entweder verspritzt. Das hat jedoch eine Orientierung der Fasern zur Folge, die für die Herstellung der angesprochenen Gefäße aus den eingangs genannten Gründen unzweckmäßig ist. Oder die Mischung wird nach ihrem Einbringen in einem zwischen einer Innen- und einer Außenschalung ausgebildeten Formraum gehärtet. Das bekannte Verfahren eignet sich nicht für dünnwandige Formkörper, weil die Glasfasern selbst dann, wenn sie eine geringe Länge aufweisen, sich in der eingebrachten Mischung nicht parallel zu den Formwänden ausrichten und sich daraus unansehnliche Außenflächen sowie ungeeignete Bewehrungen ergeben, die in dünnschaligen Körpern keine hinreichende Festigkeit entwickeln.According to the invention, so-called glass fiber cement is used. This material is known for itself. It consists of pure cement or cement mortar and glass fibers of a suitable length and is used essentially according to a method that deviates from the invention. This is because the glass fibers provided with a special size and cut to length are introduced into the mixture before it is applied. The mixture is therefore also usually prepared in the usual free-fall or compulsory mixers. Then the mixture is either sprayed. However, this results in an orientation of the fibers, which is unsuitable for the manufacture of the vessels mentioned for the reasons mentioned at the beginning. Or, after it has been introduced, the mixture is hardened in a mold space formed between an inner and an outer formwork. The known method is not suitable for thin-walled moldings, because the glass fibers, even if they have a short length, do not align parallel to the mold walls in the introduced mixture and result in unsightly outer surfaces and unsuitable surfaces Reinforcements result that do not develop sufficient strength in thin-shelled bodies.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Zusatz der geschnittenen Glasfasern, z. B. durch ein an einer Spritzdüse angeordnetes Schnitzelwerk vor oder nach dem Austritt des freien Strahles aus der Spritzdüse vorgenommen, was beim Auftreffen auf die Formwand zur Ausrichtung der Glasfasern im wesentlichen parallel zur Formwand und damit zu einer ausreichenden Bewehrung bei dünnschaligen Gefäßen führt. Hierbei können die Glasfasern bis zu 3 cm Länge aufweisen. Zement läßt sich als Weißzement oder unter Zusatz von Fe₂O₃-Farbe in der Mischung verwenden. Übliche Pflanzgefäße werden z. B. mit zwei bis fünf vorzugsweise drei Schichten hergestellt. Diese Gefäße werden aus den feucht in feucht aufgespritzten Schichten aufgebaut, in denen sich die Glasfasern offenbar auch schichtweise gegenseitig überdecken, wodurch einerseits eine ausreichende Bewehrung erreicht und andererseits verhindert wird, daß die Glasfasern aus den Wänden vorstehen oder teilweise von außen sichtbar werden.According to the invention, the addition of the cut glass fibers, e.g. B. by a shredder arranged on a spray nozzle before or after the exit of the free jet from the spray nozzle, which, when hitting the mold wall for aligning the glass fibers, essentially parallel to the mold wall and thus leading to sufficient reinforcement in thin-shelled vessels. The glass fibers can have a length of up to 3 cm. Cement can be used as white cement or with the addition of Fe₂O₃ color in the mixture. Common planters are z. B. with two to five, preferably three layers. These vessels are built up from the moist, sprayed-on layers, in which the glass fibers apparently also overlap each other in layers, whereby on the one hand sufficient reinforcement is achieved and on the other hand it is prevented that the glass fibers protrude from the walls or become partially visible from the outside.

Dieser Aufbau des Gefäßkörpers erfolgt ohne Innenschalung allein durch die Haftung der nassen bis feuchten Mischung auf der inneren Haut der Außenform. Diese Haut besteht dann entweder aus Stoff oder aus einem vorzugsweise mit Schalöl angestrichenen Metallblech. Die beim Spritzen erzielte Haftung erhält sich im feuchten Zustand der Mischung bis zu deren Härtung. Dadurch ist es möglich, kleine und große Gefäße dünnschalig mit gleichmäßiger Wand- und Bodenstärke herzustellen, die allein nach Festigkeitserwägungen gewählt sind. Die sich hieraus ergebenden Schalenkörper sind wegen der hohen Festigkeit und der innigen Verbindung der Glasfasern an ihren Außenflächen mit dem Zement bzw. Mörtel außerordentlich dünn und deswegen elastisch, so daß sich trotz hoher Widerstandsfähigkeit leichte Gefäße ergeben. Solche dünnwandigen Schalenkörper fallen auch bei der Ausformung von erhabenen oder vertieften Gefäßteilen, wie sie sich u. a. bei außen angeordneten Ornamenten ergeben, gleichmäßig aus. Dabei können diese Ornamente im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens eine ausreichende Stärke, d. h. Erhabenheit bzw. Vertiefung erhalten, weil außer der Dünnschaligkeit der Fortfall der Innenschalung eine Teilbarkeit der Form ermöglicht, die ausreichend einfach ist, aber das Entformen unter Vermeidung von sperrend wirkenden Flächen vereinfacht.This structure of the body of the vessel takes place without inner formwork solely through the adhesion of the wet to moist mixture on the inner skin of the outer form. This skin then consists either of fabric or of a metal sheet, preferably coated with formwork oil. The adhesion achieved when spraying is maintained in the moist state of the mixture until it has hardened. This makes it possible to produce small and large vessels with thin skins and uniform wall and floor thickness, which are selected solely on the basis of strength considerations. The resulting shell bodies are extremely thin due to the high strength and the intimate connection of the glass fibers on their outer surfaces with the cement or mortar and therefore elastic, so that despite the high resistance, light vessels result. Such thin-walled shell bodies also turn out to be uniform in the formation of raised or recessed vessel parts, such as those that arise, for example, from ornaments arranged on the outside. These ornaments can be given sufficient strength, ie sublimity or indentation, within the scope of the manufacturing method according to the invention, because apart from the thin-shelled form, the omission of the inner formwork enables the form to be divisible. which is sufficiently simple, but simplifies removal from the mold while avoiding surfaces with a blocking effect.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung lassen sich daher Gefäße herstellen, die wegen der nicht krebserregenden Glasfasern für ihre Umgebung unbedenklich sind, jedoch in einfachen Formen hergestellt werden, die sich entsprechend häufig verwenden lassen. Die so hergestellten Gefäße ermöglichen gleichwohl komplizierte Formen, wie sie z. B. aus der Töpferei bekannt sind, insbesondere, da die Gefäße rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet werden sollen.The device according to the invention can therefore be used to produce vessels which are harmless to their surroundings because of the non-carcinogenic glass fibers, but are produced in simple shapes which can be used correspondingly frequently. The vessels produced in this way nevertheless enable complicated shapes, such as, for. B. are known from the pottery, especially since the vessels are to be rotationally symmetrical.

Vorzugsweise werden die meisten der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Gefäße mit einer dauerhaften Einfärbung versehen, wie sie oben bereits beschrieben worden ist.Most of the vessels produced according to the invention are preferably provided with a permanent coloring, as has already been described above.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. In der einzigen Figur ist im Längsschnitt die Herstellung eines rotationssymmetrischen Gefäßes nach dem erfindungsgemäßem Verfahren dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform benutzt man als Vorrichtung eine rotationssymmetrische Form (42), eine Drehscheibe (43), welche sich beim Auftragen der beschriebenen Mischungsschichten in Richtung des Pfeiles (44) dreht. Zum Auftragen der Schichten wird ein Manipulator verwendet, der allgemein mit (45) bezeichnet ist. Sichtbar ist lediglich das äußere Ende (46) des Manipulatorarmes, der einerseits senkrecht zur Ebene des Tisches (43) entsprechend dem Doppelpfeil (47) beweglich ist, der aber andererseits einen Kopf (48) besitzt. Dieser weist eine abgewinkelte Düse (49) auf, aus der der freie Strahl (50) austritt. Dieser ist ein Schnitzelwerk (51) zugeordnet, welches der Mischung kurz vor ihrem Austritt aus der Düse (49) die auf Länge geschnittenen Glasfasern zuführt. Der Kopf ist ca. 180 Grad entsprechend dem Doppelpfeil (52) im Rohrgelenk (53) schwenkbar. Entsprechend der nicht bezeichneten Pfeilrichtung ist es dadurch möglich, den Strahl senkrecht auf die nach außen gewölbten Teilflächen (54-56) der Form (42) zu richten. Dies ist die Voraussetzung für den Aufbau dünner Schichten, aus denen sich der Hohlkörper herstellen läßt, der beim Ausführungsbeispiel eine topfartige Form aufweist. Bei diesem Gefäß sind mit Blindböden versehene Aussparungen (57) vorgesehen, welche später Füße des Gefäßes bilden.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the single figure, the production of a rotationally symmetrical vessel according to the inventive method is shown in longitudinal section. In this embodiment, a rotationally symmetrical shape (42), a turntable, is used as the device (43), which rotates in the direction of the arrow (44) when the mixture layers described are applied. A manipulator, generally designated (45), is used to apply the layers. Only the outer end (46) of the manipulator arm is visible, which is movable on the one hand perpendicular to the plane of the table (43) according to the double arrow (47), but which on the other hand has a head (48). This has an angled nozzle (49) from which the free jet (50) emerges. This is assigned a shredder (51) which feeds the cut glass fibers to the mixture shortly before it emerges from the nozzle (49). The head can be pivoted about 180 degrees in accordance with the double arrow (52) in the tubular joint (53). In accordance with the direction of the arrow, which is not indicated, it is thereby possible to direct the beam perpendicularly onto the partial surfaces (54-56) of the mold (42) which are curved outwards. This is the prerequisite for the construction of thin layers from which the hollow body can be produced, which has a pot-like shape in the exemplary embodiment. In this vessel, recesses (57) are provided which have blind bottoms and which later form the feet of the vessel.

Claims (5)

  1. An apparatus for making vessels, having at least one open side, for instance of cement mortar and heaving a glass fibre reinforcement, in a mould, in which the mould (42) is arranged on a plate (43) which can be rotated about an axis which passes substantially vertically through the open side of the mould (42), and a manipulator (45) can be lowered into the opening, characterised in that the manipulator (45) is provided at its free end with a pivotable head (48) having a nozzle (49), which is provided with a cutting device (51) and that the mould (42) is provided with mould closures spaced along its vertical central plane and its halves.
  2. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the base of the mould and/or the wall of the mould have blind recesses (57).
  3. A process, using apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, for making vessels of cement, for instance of cement mortar, open on at least one side and having a reinforcement which is added to the cement in the wet state, in which the mixture is introduced into a mould, from which the vessel having smooth external walls is removed, the mould (42) is rotated on a plate (43) about an axis of the vessel passing substantially vertically through the opening surface of the vessel, the mixture is introduced through the vessel opening, and a free stream (50) of wet cement is pivoted in a vertical plane of the vessel and/or moved upwards in order to apply the mixture to the mould wall in multiple wet layers and the vessel is removed as an inherently rigid body, characterised in that glass fibres are used as reinforcement and are added to the wet cement produced under pressure in the free stream (5) as it is being produced.
  4. A process as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that earth colourings are added to the mixture, in particular Fe₂O₃, before it is produced in the stream (50).
  5. A process as claimed in Claims 3 or 4, characterised in that the inside of the vessel is abraded or rubbed.
EP88118051A 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement Expired - Lifetime EP0311145B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8888118051T DE3686332D1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AT LEAST ONE-SIDED OPEN VESSELS FROM CEMENT, OR IF REQUIRED FROM CEMENT MORTAR, AND A REINFORCEMENT.
AT88118051T ATE79070T1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AT LEAST ONE SIDE OPEN VESSELS FROM CEMENT, IF APPLICABLE FROM CEMENT MORTAR AND A REINFORCEMENT.
EP88118051A EP0311145B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86106950A EP0246347B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels open at at least one end of cement, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement
EP88118051A EP0311145B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86106950.8 Division 1986-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0311145A2 EP0311145A2 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0311145A3 EP0311145A3 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0311145B1 true EP0311145B1 (en) 1992-08-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88118051A Expired - Lifetime EP0311145B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels of cement open at at least one end, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement
EP86106950A Expired - Lifetime EP0246347B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels open at at least one end of cement, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86106950A Expired - Lifetime EP0246347B1 (en) 1986-05-22 1986-05-22 Method and apparatus for making vessels open at at least one end of cement, for instance of cement mortar and a reinforcement

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EP (2) EP0311145B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE57646T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3675209D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI166U1 (en) * 1992-02-21 1992-07-15 Betemi Oy Framstaellningsanordning Foer betongpelare
DE19504782C5 (en) * 1995-02-14 2013-03-28 Roland Müller Process and moldings for the production of artificial rock formations
KR20120112755A (en) 2010-01-07 2012-10-11 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 Fungicidal heterocyclic compounds

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB146400A (en) * 1918-08-13 1921-12-02 Josef Von Vass Process for the manufacture of hollow bodies of circular cross section from plastic masses
DE373724C (en) * 1920-04-11 1923-04-14 Josef Von Vass Process for the production of bodies with a circular cross section, such as pipes, from concrete and other malleable masses on centrifugal molding machines
FR529190A (en) * 1920-07-16 1921-11-24 Alfred Frey Improvements in methods of manufacturing objects made of cement mixed with a suitable fibrous material
DE549261C (en) * 1928-12-14 1932-04-25 Albert Charles May Method for producing hollow bodies from refractory material, in particular melting crucibles
US1840169A (en) * 1930-01-24 1932-01-05 Circular Concrete Container Co Combination clamp and drift pin
FR797063A (en) * 1935-10-29 1936-04-20 Manufacture of hollow bodies of fiber cement or other similar material, in particular of coffins
GB635151A (en) * 1943-03-10 1950-04-05 Jacob Jan Dimmendaal Improvements in or relating to a process for the manufacture of conduits and conduits manufactured according to said process
GB1290734A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-09-27
GB1559831A (en) * 1975-04-10 1980-01-30 Charcon Composites Ltd Sheet piling
GB1540823A (en) * 1975-12-22 1979-02-14 Holgreen Ltd Variable-shape shell mould and method of using the mould
US4150083A (en) * 1976-03-10 1979-04-17 United States Gypsum Company Contouring gypsum articles
GB1535385A (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-12-13 Lancaster F Guns for dispensing streams of liquid cement and fibre reinforcement
DE2829582C3 (en) * 1978-07-05 1982-01-07 Marbeton Kies- U. Betonwerk Marstetten Gmbh, 7971 Aitrach Formwork form for the production of profiled, fiber-reinforced concrete parts, in particular glass fiber-reinforced concrete parts
GB8322812D0 (en) * 1983-08-25 1983-09-28 Corrosion Systems Ltd Fibre reinforced cement applicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0311145A3 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0246347B1 (en) 1990-10-24
ATE57646T1 (en) 1990-11-15
DE3675209D1 (en) 1990-11-29
EP0246347A1 (en) 1987-11-25
EP0311145A2 (en) 1989-04-12

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