EP0375741B1 - The use of a fire-extinguishing means - Google Patents
The use of a fire-extinguishing means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0375741B1 EP0375741B1 EP88909514A EP88909514A EP0375741B1 EP 0375741 B1 EP0375741 B1 EP 0375741B1 EP 88909514 A EP88909514 A EP 88909514A EP 88909514 A EP88909514 A EP 88909514A EP 0375741 B1 EP0375741 B1 EP 0375741B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- use according
- proportion
- fire extinguishing
- water
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000269 smectite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical group CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a clay mineral mixture as a fire extinguishing agent.
- Typical fire extinguishing agents are water or organic foams.
- the fire extinguishing agent proposed in DE-AS 1 211 946 contains CO2-releasing salts in conjunction with organic acids and vermiculite which has been delivered or rolled out as a mica component and then grained. Here, too, a plastic mass is created that is difficult to handle.
- a dry chemical mixture as fire extinguishing foam is known from DE-PS 570 456.
- the mixture consists of aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and saponin, to which, according to page 1, lines 50 to 55, a kaolin addition of 8 to 35% can also be added, but this suppresses the foam yield.
- the well-known dry chemical mixture has not become established because fire extinguishing foams cannot be made available in large quantities, for example for fighting forest fires.
- the fire extinguishing agent known from DE-PS 608 037 consists of artificial, inorganic, porous, active masses loaded with extinguishing liquid, the extinguishing liquid being carbon tetrachloride.
- the use of carbon tetrachloride today cuts out from an environmental point of view for practical feasibility.
- DE-AS 1 130 294 discloses a dry fire-extinguishing powder based on bicarbonate for special use against burning, pyrophoric liquids, such as, for example, metal alkyls and especially aluminum and boron triethyl and methyl, with up to 25% alumina, bentonite, fuller's earth as adsorbent, Halloysite and silica gel are present (column 3, lines 1 to 6).
- pyrophoric liquids such as, for example, metal alkyls and especially aluminum and boron triethyl and methyl, with up to 25% alumina, bentonite, fuller's earth as adsorbent, Halloysite and silica gel are present (column 3, lines 1 to 6).
- the burning metal alkyls are to be provided with a coating and thus the fire area is suffocated. It can therefore also not be used for large-scale fires.
- a fire-suffocating effect should also be achieved with the fire extinguishing agent according to DE-PS 746 963 (page 1, lines 21 to 25), for which purpose the agent consists of a mixture of sand and an alkaline earth carbonate.
- the present invention is based on the object of offering a fire extinguishing agent which can be used or is also suitable in large quantities, in particular for combating large-scale fires, the agent should be easy to handle and, above all, it should have no components which are harmful to the environment; rather, the aim is to provide a fire extinguishing agent that not only shows an optimal fire extinguishing effect, but is also environmentally compatible after performing this function and does not require separate disposal, as is the case with chemical-based fire extinguishing agents.
- the invention is based on the finding that the disadvantages known from the prior art can be overcome if, instead of a single, a targeted combination of various clay minerals is used as an adsorbent for other constituents of the clay mineral, such as kaolinite, which complement each other in a synergistic way with regard to their individual properties and effects.
- a kaolinite as mentioned in DE-PS 570 456, leads to a very strong coagulation of the fire extinguishing agent or a bentonite, as mentioned in DE-AS 1 130 294, leads to an undesirable strong thixotropy of the dry powder coming into contact with liquid
- surprisingly excellent stable suspensions can be achieved from a clay mineral mixture containing smectite, kaolinite and clay minerals from the mica group as soon as the material comes into contact with the extinguishing liquid (usually water) or is mixed.
- the agent according to the invention can be used on an industrial scale.
- a clay mineral mixture of the type mentioned of montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite is known from GB-A-1 519 576, but it is processed there together with fibers and water to give molded parts which are then fired. There is no suggestion to use the clay mineral mixture as a fire extinguishing agent.
- the synergistically complementary properties of the individual clay minerals lead to suspensions which neither solidify thixotropically nor tend to coagulate and thus sedimentate the solid particles.
- Such a clay mineral mixture is capable of absorbing considerable amounts of water, the preferred water / solids ratio being between 10: 1 to 3: 1, with outstandingly stable suspensions being obtained even with these large amounts of water.
- the compulsory constituents smectite, kaolinite and mica, in particular illite, are preferably mixed together in the proportions specified in claim 2. Depending on the proportion of the individual clay minerals, the mixture can then absorb a non-flammable extinguishing liquid, in particular water, in the amount specified in claim 7.
- the fire extinguishing agent is also particularly easy to handle. Depending on the solids content in the clay mineral water suspension the density increases from 1.0 g / cm3 to 1.05 to 1.5 g / cm3 or even more. This increases the falling speed, for example when the extinguishing agent is dropped from an aircraft, and the risk is reduced that the extinguishing agent is carried away by the wind without having its extinguishing effect at the source of the fire.
- Optimized water retention on the individual clay mineral particles also ensures that, for example, evaporation losses due to the heat from the fire are considerably minimized.
- the spontaneous readiness of the clay mineral mixture to absorb extinguishing liquid also creates the possibility of first discharging the material dry and only later performing the actual extinguishing by spraying extinguishing water, which in turn results in a longer effectiveness due to the high water binding capacity of the clay mineral particles.
- the clay / mineral mixture according to the invention can also have natural or added fractions of quartz, opaque and / or feldspar as well as accessory fractions.
- the accessory batch proportions include substances such as magnetite that bind oxygen, especially at higher temperatures at around 1000 ° C.
- the agent also leads to a reduction in toxic flue gas and soil components through adsorption, absorption and / or catalytic Implementation.
- the addition of calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate in particular, for example in the form of lime or dolomite, further increases the fire-suffocating effect of the agents, in particular by releasing CO2 in the fire or forming Ca (OH) 2 and / or Mg (OH) 2 after contact with water.
- the fire extinguishing agent not only has an effect on the actual fire fighting, but also on the disposal of toxic components in the air and in the ground.
- the fire extinguishing agent itself is fire-resistant up to approx. 1200 ° C and higher, which means that it can withstand the highest forest fire temperatures and is preferably sprayed or thrown onto the surfaces to be extinguished as a suspension in finely dispersed form. Even if the water evaporates after a certain time, the clay mineral constituents still adhere to the extinguished forest areas (trees) or components and form a kind of "protective layer", which deprives the fire of "food” as well as when it is used in the form of dry powder.
- the agent Due to the exclusively natural, mineral components, the agent is completely harmless to humans, animals or plants. As explained above, it can then even be used to meliorate damaged soils, for example if it is washed off by subsequent rain.
- Additives such as sodium carbonate or water glass can have a further positive influence on the water retention capacity.
- a number of further substances are available to the person skilled in the art which have a dispersing effect and / or which promote water retention.
- the fluidizing cationic or anionic agents such as sodium silicate or surface-active lensides.
- the accessory quantity components also include those such as magnetite (Fe3O4), which is able to bind oxygen in particular at higher temperatures, such as those prevailing in forest fires. It is evident that such oxygen scavenging makes a further contribution to containing a conflagration.
- Fe3O4 magnetite
- the agent could be coordinated so that the addition of salt-containing sea water as an extinguishing liquid to a clay mineral mixture according to the invention also has a catalytic effect on its activation in relation to the water retention capacity or dispersion of the guide.
- the fire extinguishing agent can of course also be applied by means of conventional fire engines or corresponding devices.
- the high stability of the suspension ensures that the material does not sediment even with long transport routes or rest periods and therefore also then fully develops its effectiveness.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Tonmineralmischung als Feuerlöschmittel. Typische Feuerlöschmittel sind Wasser oder organische Schäume.The invention relates to the use of a clay mineral mixture as a fire extinguishing agent. Typical fire extinguishing agents are water or organic foams.
Aus der DE-AS 1 211 946 ergilbt sich, daß daneben auch chemische Stoffe und Stoffgemische, wie unter anderem viskositätserhöhende Mittel, zum Beispiel Tone oder Gelformer, sowie gasbildende Stoffe, zum Beispiel Natriumhydrogenkarbonat, verwendet wurden, um Wasser zur Feuerbekämpfung wirksamer zu machen. Nachteilig bei der Verwendung von Tonen ist, daß diese Wasser nur langsam aufsaugen und einen Abrieb an der Pumpenapparatur verursachen (Spalte 1, Zeilen 13 bis 15 der DE-AS 1 211 946).From DE-AS 1 211 946 it follows that chemical substances and mixtures of substances, such as viscosity-increasing agents, for example clays or gel formers, and gas-forming substances, for example sodium hydrogen carbonate, have also been used in order to make water more effective in fighting fires. A disadvantage of using clays is that they absorb water only slowly and cause abrasion on the pump apparatus (column 1, lines 13 to 15 of DE-AS 1 211 946).
Das in der DE-AS 1 211 946 vorgeschlagene Feuerlöschmittel enthält CO₂-abspaltende Salze in Verbindung mit organischen Säuren und als Glimmerkomponente aufgeschieferten beziehungsweise ausgewalzten und sodann verkörnten Vermiculit. Auch hierbei entsteht aber eine plastische Masse, die nur schlecht handhabbar ist.The fire extinguishing agent proposed in DE-AS 1 211 946 contains CO₂-releasing salts in conjunction with organic acids and vermiculite which has been delivered or rolled out as a mica component and then grained. Here, too, a plastic mass is created that is difficult to handle.
Ein Trocken-Chemikalien-Gemisch als Feuerlöschschaum ist aus der DE-PS 570 456 bekannt. Das Gemisch besteht aus Aluminiumsulfat, Natriumbicarbonat und Saponin, dem gemäß Seite 1, Zeilen 50 bis 55 auch ein Kaolinzusatz von 8 bis 35% zugegeben werden kann, wodurch jedoch die Schaumergiebigkeit zurückgedrängt wird. Neben diesem Nachteil hat sich das bekannte Trocken-Chemikalien-Gemisch auch deshalb nicht durchgesetzt, weil Feuerlöschschäume nicht in großen Mengen zum Beispiel zur Waldbrandbekämpfung zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.A dry chemical mixture as fire extinguishing foam is known from DE-PS 570 456. The mixture consists of aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and saponin, to which, according to page 1, lines 50 to 55, a kaolin addition of 8 to 35% can also be added, but this suppresses the foam yield. In addition to this disadvantage, the well-known dry chemical mixture has not become established because fire extinguishing foams cannot be made available in large quantities, for example for fighting forest fires.
Das aus der DE-PS 608 037 bekannte Feuerlöschmittel besteht aus mit Löschflüssigkeit beladenen, künstlichen, anorganischen, porösen, aktiven Massen, wobei die Löschflüssigkeit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff ist. Die Verwendung von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff schneidet heutzutage schon unter Umweltgesichtspunkten für eine praktische Realisierbarkeit aus.The fire extinguishing agent known from DE-PS 608 037 consists of artificial, inorganic, porous, active masses loaded with extinguishing liquid, the extinguishing liquid being carbon tetrachloride. The use of carbon tetrachloride today cuts out from an environmental point of view for practical feasibility.
Ein Trocken-Feuerlöschpulver auf Bicarbonatbasis zum speziellen Einsatz gegen brennende, pyrophore Flüssigkeiten, wie zum Beispiel Metallalkyle und besonders Aluminiumund Bor-Triäthyl und -Methyl offenbart die DE-AS 1 130 294, wobei als Adsorptionsmittel bis zu 25% Tonerde, Bentonit, Fullererde, Halloysit und Kieselsäuregel vorgeschen sind (Spalte 3, Zeilen 1 bis 6). Bei diesem Trocken-Feuerlöschpulver sollen die brennenden Metallalkyle mit einem Überzug versehen und somit der Brandberd erstickt werden. Es läßt sich deshalb ebenfalls nicht für Großflächenbrände einsetzen.DE-AS 1 130 294 discloses a dry fire-extinguishing powder based on bicarbonate for special use against burning, pyrophoric liquids, such as, for example, metal alkyls and especially aluminum and boron triethyl and methyl, with up to 25% alumina, bentonite, fuller's earth as adsorbent, Halloysite and silica gel are present (column 3, lines 1 to 6). With this dry fire extinguishing powder, the burning metal alkyls are to be provided with a coating and thus the fire area is suffocated. It can therefore also not be used for large-scale fires.
Ebenfalls eine feuererstickende Wirkung soll mit dem Feuerlöschmittel nach der DE-PS 746 963 erzielt werden (Seite 1, Zeilen 21 bis 25), wozu das Mittel aus einer Mischung von Sand und einem Erdalkalicarbonat bestchen soll.A fire-suffocating effect should also be achieved with the fire extinguishing agent according to DE-PS 746 963 (page 1, lines 21 to 25), for which purpose the agent consists of a mixture of sand and an alkaline earth carbonate.
Die meisten der vorgenannten Feuerlöschmittel enthalten erhebliche Chemikalienbestandteile und haben sich deshalb vor allem unter Umweltgesichtspunkten nicht durchgesetzt. Darüber hinaus sind sie in Form von Schäumen oder plastischen Massen nicht geeignet, großflächige Brandherde zu löschen.Most of the aforementioned fire extinguishing agents contain considerable chemical components and have therefore not become established, particularly from an environmental point of view. In addition, in the form of foams or plastic masses, they are not suitable for extinguishing large areas of fire.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Feuerlöschmittel anzubieten, das auch in großen Mengen insbesondere zur Bekämpfung von Großflächenbränden einsetzbar bezichungsweise geeignet ist, wobei das Mittel leicht handhabbar sein soll und vor allem soll es keine die Umwelt schädigenden Bestandteile aufweisen; vielmehr ist angestrebt, ein Feuerlöschmittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, das nicht nur eine optimale Feuerlöschwirkung zeigt, sondern auch nach Erfüllung dieser Funktion möglichst umweltvertraglich ist und keiner getrennten Entsorgung bedarf, wie dies bei Feuerlöschmitteln auf Chemikalienbasis der Fall ist.In contrast, the present invention is based on the object of offering a fire extinguishing agent which can be used or is also suitable in large quantities, in particular for combating large-scale fires, the agent should be easy to handle and, above all, it should have no components which are harmful to the environment; rather, the aim is to provide a fire extinguishing agent that not only shows an optimal fire extinguishing effect, but is also environmentally compatible after performing this function and does not require separate disposal, as is the case with chemical-based fire extinguishing agents.
Bei Großflächenbränden, wie Waldbränden oder Bränden an Industrieanlagen kommt es zudem häufig zu einer erheblichen Schadstoffemission durch die Rauchgase und es stellt deshalb ein weiteres Merkmal der Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung dar, das Feuerlöschmittel vorzugsweise so auszubilden, daß auch dieser Schadstoffausstoß zumindest Teilweise gemindert wird.In the case of large-scale fires, such as forest fires or fires on industrial plants, there is also frequently a considerable emission of pollutants by the flue gases and it is therefore a further feature of the object of the present invention to preferably design the fire extinguishing agent in such a way that this pollutant emission is also at least partially reduced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile dadurch überwunden werden können, wenn anstelle eines einzelnen, als Adsorptionsmittel für andere Bestandteile des Feuerlöschmittels dienenden Tonminerals, wie zum Beispiel Kaolinit, eine gezielte Kombination verschiedener Tonminerale eingesetzt wird, die sich bezüglich ihrer individuellen Eigenschaften und Wirkungen in synergistischer Weise ergänzen. Während zum Beispiel der Einsatz eines Kaolinits, wie er in der DE-PS 570 456 angesprochen ist, zu einer sehr starken Koagulation des Feuerlöschmittels führt oder ein Bentonit, wie er in der DE-AS 1 130 294 angesprochen ist, zu einer unerwünschten starken Thixotropie des mit Flüssigkeit in Berührung kommenden Trockenpulvers führt, lassen sich aus einem Tonmineralgemisch mit je einem Gehalt an Smektit, Kaolinit sowie an Tonmineralen aus der Glimmergruppe überraschenderweise hervorragende stabile Suspensionen erreichen, sobald das Material mit der Löschflüssigkeit (in der Regel Wasser) in Berührung kommt oder gemischt wird. Durch die Erzielung einer stabilen Suspension wird das erfindungsgemäße Mittel großtechnisch einsetzbar.The invention is based on the finding that the disadvantages known from the prior art can be overcome if, instead of a single, a targeted combination of various clay minerals is used as an adsorbent for other constituents of the clay mineral, such as kaolinite, which complement each other in a synergistic way with regard to their individual properties and effects. For example, while the use of a kaolinite, as mentioned in DE-PS 570 456, leads to a very strong coagulation of the fire extinguishing agent or a bentonite, as mentioned in DE-AS 1 130 294, leads to an undesirable strong thixotropy of the dry powder coming into contact with liquid, surprisingly excellent stable suspensions can be achieved from a clay mineral mixture containing smectite, kaolinite and clay minerals from the mica group as soon as the material comes into contact with the extinguishing liquid (usually water) or is mixed. By achieving a stable suspension, the agent according to the invention can be used on an industrial scale.
Ein Tonmineralgemisch der genannten Art aus Montmorillonit, Illit und Kaolinit ist zwar aus der GB-A-1 519 576 bekannt, es wird dort jedoch gemeinsam mit Fasern und Wasser zu Formteilen aufbereitet, die anschließend gebrannt werden. Eine Anregung, die Tonmineralmischung als Feuerlöschmittel einzusetzen ergibt sich daraus nicht.A clay mineral mixture of the type mentioned of montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite is known from GB-A-1 519 576, but it is processed there together with fibers and water to give molded parts which are then fired. There is no suggestion to use the clay mineral mixture as a fire extinguishing agent.
Die sich synergistisch ergänzenden Eigenschaften der einzelnen Tonminerale führen erfindungsgemäß nach Wasserzugabe zu Suspensionen, die sich weder thixotrop verfestigen noch zu einer Koagulation und damit Sedimentation der Feststoffteilchen neigen. Eine derartige Tonmineralmischung ist in der Lage, erhebliche Wassermengen aufzunehmen, wobei das bevorzugte Wasser/Feststoffverhältnis zwischen 10: 1 bis 3: 1 angegeben wird, wobei selbst bei diesen hohen Wassermengen sich hervorragend stabile Suspensionen ergeben. Vorstehend ist insbesondere auf die Konfektionierung des Feuerlöschmittels in Form von Suspensionen nach Wasserzugabe Bezug genommen. Diese wird in der Regel auch eine bevorzugte Anwendungsform darstellen. Ebenso ist es aber auch möglich, das Feuerlöschmittel als Pulver einzusetzen, wozu nachstehend noch nähere Ausführungen gemacht werden.According to the invention, the synergistically complementary properties of the individual clay minerals, after the addition of water, lead to suspensions which neither solidify thixotropically nor tend to coagulate and thus sedimentate the solid particles. Such a clay mineral mixture is capable of absorbing considerable amounts of water, the preferred water / solids ratio being between 10: 1 to 3: 1, with outstandingly stable suspensions being obtained even with these large amounts of water. Above, reference is made in particular to the preparation of the fire extinguishing agent in the form of suspensions after the addition of water. As a rule, this also becomes one represent preferred application form. However, it is also possible to use the fire extinguishing agent as a powder, for which more detailed explanations are given below.
Die Zwangsbestandteile Smektit, Kaolinit und Glimmer, insbesondere Illit werden vorzugsweise in den im Anspruch 2 angegebenen Mengenanteilen zusammengemischt. Je nach Anteil der einzelnen Tonminerale kann die Mischung dann eine nicht brennbare Löschflüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser in der im Anspruch 7 angegebenen Menge aufnehmen.The compulsory constituents smectite, kaolinite and mica, in particular illite, are preferably mixed together in the proportions specified in claim 2. Depending on the proportion of the individual clay minerals, the mixture can then absorb a non-flammable extinguishing liquid, in particular water, in the amount specified in claim 7.
Sowohl das Wasserranlagerungsvermögen als auch die Löschwirkung wird verbessert, je feiner die Tonminerale zur Verfügung stehen beziehungsweise aufbereitet sind, wobei Teilchen mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser kleiner 500 µm bevorzugt sind, die in flüssiger oder dampfförmiger Umgebung sehr schnell bis in Bereiche herunter auf 0,05 µm dispergieren (Kornspektrum dabei zum Beispiel 0,05-20 µm) und dann riesige Oberflächen bereitstellen.Both the water retention capacity and the extinguishing effect are improved the finer the clay minerals are available or prepared, whereby particles with an average grain diameter of less than 500 µm are preferred, which in liquid or vaporous surroundings very quickly down to 0.05 µm in areas disperse (grain spectrum for example 0.05-20 µm) and then provide huge surfaces.
Ein entscheidenden Vorteil gegenüber bekannten Feuerlöschmitteln besteht auch insoweit, als die Wasserbindefähigkeit jetzt über erheblich längere Zeit als bisher bekannt aufrechterhalten werden kann. Damit steht das Feuerlöschmittel einerseits länger zur Brandbekämpfung bezichungsweise Brandverhütung zur Verfürung, kann aber andererseits auch sicher einen Wiederausbruch des Feuers verhindern, da die Feststoffteilchen auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erneut Wasser aufnehmen können. Das Mittel erweist sich danach quasi als reversibel.There is also a decisive advantage over known fire extinguishing agents in that the ability to bind water can now be maintained for a considerably longer time than previously known. This means that the fire extinguishing agent is available for firefighting or fire prevention for a longer period of time, but on the other hand it can also reliably prevent the fire from starting again because the solid particles can absorb water again at a later time. The remedy then turns out to be virtually reversible.
Ebenso zeichnet sich das Feuerlöschmittel durch eine besonders leichte Handhabbarkeit aus. Je nach Feststoffanteil innerhalb der Tonmineral-Wasser-Suspension erhöht sich das Raumgewicht von 1,0 g/cm³ auf 1,05 bis 1,5 g/cm³ oder auch darüber. Dadurch erhöht sich die Fallgeschwindigkeit, zum Beispiel bei einem Abwurf des Löschmittels aus einem Flugzeug und die Gefahr wird verringert, daß das Löschmittel durch Winde weggetragen wird, ohne am Brandherd seine Löschwirkung entfaltet zu haben.The fire extinguishing agent is also particularly easy to handle. Depending on the solids content in the clay mineral water suspension the density increases from 1.0 g / cm³ to 1.05 to 1.5 g / cm³ or even more. This increases the falling speed, for example when the extinguishing agent is dropped from an aircraft, and the risk is reduced that the extinguishing agent is carried away by the wind without having its extinguishing effect at the source of the fire.
Durch eine optimierte Wasseranlagerung an den einzelnen Tonmineralteilchen wird außerdem dafür gesorgt, daß zum Beispiel Verdunstungsverluste aufgrund der brandhitze erheblich minimiert werden.Optimized water retention on the individual clay mineral particles also ensures that, for example, evaporation losses due to the heat from the fire are considerably minimized.
Durch die spontane Bereitschaft der Tonmineralmischung, Löschflüssigkeit aufzunehmen, wird auch die Möglichkeit geschaffen, das Material zunächst trocken auszutragen und später erst durch Verspritzen von Löschwasser die eigentliche Löschung vorzunehmen, wobei sich wiederum durch die hohe Wasserbindefähigkeit an den Tonmineralteilchen eine längere Wirksamkeit ergibt.The spontaneous readiness of the clay mineral mixture to absorb extinguishing liquid also creates the possibility of first discharging the material dry and only later performing the actual extinguishing by spraying extinguishing water, which in turn results in a longer effectiveness due to the high water binding capacity of the clay mineral particles.
Neben den genannten Tonmineralen der Smektit-Gruppe (hierunter fallen unter anderem Montmorillonit, Beidellit, Saponit und Hectorit), der Kaolinit-Gruppe (hierunter fallen unter anderem auch Kaolinit, Halloysit und Serpentin) sowie den Tomineralen der Glimmergruppe (hierunter fallen vor allem Illite und sogenannte "mixed layer") kann das erfindungsgemäße Tonmineralgemisch auch naturbedingte oder zugegebene Anteile an Quarz, Opak und/oder Feldspat sowie akzessorische Gemengeanteile aufweisen.In addition to the clay minerals from the smectite group (including montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite and hectorite), the kaolinite group (including kaolinite, halloysite and serpentine) and the tom minerals from the mica group (including illite and So-called "mixed layer"), the clay / mineral mixture according to the invention can also have natural or added fractions of quartz, opaque and / or feldspar as well as accessory fractions.
Zu den akzessorischen Gemengeanteilen gehören solche Stoffe, die, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen bei etwa 1000°C, Sauerstoff binden, wie Magnetit. Das Mittel führt auch zu einer Verringerung toxischer Rauchgas- und Bodenbestandteile durch Adsoprtion, Absorption und/oder katalytische Umsetzung. Durch Zusätze insbesondere von Calciumcarbonat oder Magnesiumcarbonat, zum Beispiel in Form von Kalk oder Dolomit wird die feuererstickende Wirkung der Mittel weiter erhöht, insbesondere durch Freisetzen von CO₂ im Feuer beziehungsweise Bildung von Ca (OH)₂ und/oder Mg (OH)₂ nach Kontakt mit Wasser.The accessory batch proportions include substances such as magnetite that bind oxygen, especially at higher temperatures at around 1000 ° C. The agent also leads to a reduction in toxic flue gas and soil components through adsorption, absorption and / or catalytic Implementation. The addition of calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate in particular, for example in the form of lime or dolomite, further increases the fire-suffocating effect of the agents, in particular by releasing CO₂ in the fire or forming Ca (OH) ₂ and / or Mg (OH) ₂ after contact with water.
Folglich entfaltet das Feuerlöschmittel nicht nur bezüglich der eigentlichen Feuerbekämpfung seine Wirkung, sondern auch darüber hinaus bei der Entsorgung toxischer Bestandteile in der Luft und im Boden.As a result, the fire extinguishing agent not only has an effect on the actual fire fighting, but also on the disposal of toxic components in the air and in the ground.
Das feuerlöschmittel selbst ist bis ca. 1200°C und höher feuerbeständig, das heißt, es kann auch höchsten Waldbrandtemperaturen standhalten und wird vorzugsweise in feinst dispergierter Form als Suspension auf die zu löschenden Flächen aufgesprüht oder abgeworfen. Auch wenn das Wasser nach einer gewissen Zeit verdampft, haften die Tonmineralbestandteile noch an den gelöschten Waldflächen (Bäumen) oder Bauteilen und bilden eine Art "Schutzschicht", wodurch sie dem Feuer ebenso wie beim Einsatz in Form eines Trockenpulvers die "Nahrung" entzichen.The fire extinguishing agent itself is fire-resistant up to approx. 1200 ° C and higher, which means that it can withstand the highest forest fire temperatures and is preferably sprayed or thrown onto the surfaces to be extinguished as a suspension in finely dispersed form. Even if the water evaporates after a certain time, the clay mineral constituents still adhere to the extinguished forest areas (trees) or components and form a kind of "protective layer", which deprives the fire of "food" as well as when it is used in the form of dry powder.
Aufgrund der ausschließlich natürlichen, mineralischen Bestandteile ist das Mittel für Menschen, Tiere oder Pflanzen völlig unschädlich. Wie oben ausgeführt, kann es anschliessend sogar noch zur Melioration geschädigter Böden dienen, zum Beispiel wenn es von einem anschließenden Regen abgewaschen wird.Due to the exclusively natural, mineral components, the agent is completely harmless to humans, animals or plants. As explained above, it can then even be used to meliorate damaged soils, for example if it is washed off by subsequent rain.
Durch zusätze wie Natriumcarbonat oder Wasserglas kann das Wasseranlagerungsvermögen weiter positiv beeinflußt werden. Dem Fachmann stehen hier eine Reihe weiterer Substanzen, die dispergierend und/oder das Wasseranlagerungsvermögen fördernd wirken zur Verfügung. Hierzu zählen unter anderem auch die verflüssigend wirkenden kationischen oder anionischen Agenzien wie Natriumsilikat oder oberflächenaktive lenside.Additives such as sodium carbonate or water glass can have a further positive influence on the water retention capacity. A number of further substances are available to the person skilled in the art which have a dispersing effect and / or which promote water retention. Which includes among other things, the fluidizing cationic or anionic agents such as sodium silicate or surface-active lensides.
Zu den akzessorischen Mengebestandteilen gehören aber auch solche wie Magnetit (Fe₃O₄), der insbesondere bei höheren temperaturen, wie sie bei Waldbranden herrschen, in der Lage ist, Sauerstoft zu binden. Es ist offensichtlich, daß durch eine derartige Sauerstoffbindung ein weiterer Beitrag zur Eindämmung einer Feuersbrunst geleistet wird.The accessory quantity components also include those such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄), which is able to bind oxygen in particular at higher temperatures, such as those prevailing in forest fires. It is evident that such oxygen scavenging makes a further contribution to containing a conflagration.
Uberraschenderweise konnte das Mittel so abgestimmt werden, daß der Zusatz von salzhaltigem Meerwasser als Löschflüssigkeit zu einem erfindungsgemäßen Tonmineralgemisch dessen Aktivierung in Bezug auf das Wasseranlagerungsvermögen beziehungsweise Dispersion der leitchen ebenfalls katalytisch beeinflußt.Surprisingly, the agent could be coordinated so that the addition of salt-containing sea water as an extinguishing liquid to a clay mineral mixture according to the invention also has a catalytic effect on its activation in relation to the water retention capacity or dispersion of the guide.
Durch eine Dispersion der Teilchen konnen spezifische Oberflächen von über 50 m²/g bei Korngrößen bis unter 0,05 µm erreicht werden.By dispersing the particles, specific surfaces of over 50 m² / g can be achieved with grain sizes down to less than 0.05 µm.
Neben der erwahnten Konfektionierung in Form von Trockenpulvern oder Suspensionen zum Abwurf aus Flugzeugen oder dergleichen laßt sich das Feuerlöschmittel natürlich auch mittels üblicher Löschfahrzeuge beziehungsweise entsprechenden Geraten ausbringen. Durch die hohe Stabilität der Suspension ist sichergestellt, daß das Material auch bei längeren Transportwegen oder Ruhezeiten nicht sedimentiert und deshalb auch dann noch seine volle Wirksamkeit entfaltet.In addition to the above-mentioned packaging in the form of dry powders or suspensions for dropping from aircraft or the like, the fire extinguishing agent can of course also be applied by means of conventional fire engines or corresponding devices. The high stability of the suspension ensures that the material does not sediment even with long transport routes or rest periods and therefore also then fully develops its effectiveness.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Merkmalen der Patentansprüche.Further features of the invention result from the further features of the claims.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88909514T ATE64312T1 (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1988-11-08 | USE OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3739177 | 1987-11-19 | ||
| DE3739177A DE3739177C1 (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1987-11-19 | Fire extinguishing agent |
Publications (2)
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| EP0375741A1 EP0375741A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| EP0375741B1 true EP0375741B1 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
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| EP (1) | EP0375741B1 (en) |
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| WO1990011800A1 (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-10-18 | Aquamot Ag | Process for fighting and extinguishing fires and device for implementing it |
| AT405242B (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1999-06-25 | Twaroch Heinz W | Process for fighting fires |
| US5509485A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1996-04-23 | Almagro; Guillermo | Fire suppressant |
| AUPN796096A0 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1996-02-29 | Orion Safety Industries Pty. Limited | Fire fighting foams utilising saponins |
| RU2098158C1 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-12-10 | Международный фонд попечителей Московского государственного авиационного технологического университета им.К.Э.Циолковского | Mineral-aqueous suspension for fire extinguishing |
| US6024295A (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2000-02-15 | Sanchez; John P. | Fire retardant |
| US6168834B1 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2001-01-02 | Kenneth R. Hallo | Method for dissipating heat |
| DE10003793A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-09-06 | Febbex Ag Steinsel | Process and extinguishing agent for extinguishing an oil and / or fat fire |
| US20020020536A1 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2002-02-21 | Bennett Joseph Michael | Method of extinguishing vehicle fires |
| US20030030025A1 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-13 | Bennett Joseph Michael | Dry chemical powder for extinguishing fires |
| US8042619B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2011-10-25 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for extinguishing fires |
| US8453751B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2013-06-04 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for extinguishing fires |
| JP2003051819A (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2003-02-21 | Toshiba Corp | Microprocessor |
| RU2262367C1 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2005-10-20 | Ветошкин Юрий Павлович | Aqueous fire-extinguishing composition |
| US7087105B1 (en) | 2005-06-16 | 2006-08-08 | Chappell Harry H | Water enhancement fire retardant |
| US7416589B2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2008-08-26 | Versa Terra International | Water enhancement fire retardant |
| NO323306B1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-03-05 | Thermos As | Fire extinguishing agent, method of preparation and method of extinguishing fire |
| GB2436796A (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-10 | Paul Nathaniel Slater | Extinguishing, supressing or controlling fire |
| US7717988B1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-05-18 | Versa Terra International | Fire resistive coating |
| AU2008276186B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-03-01 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for containing hazardous material |
| US9169044B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2015-10-27 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for containing hazardous material |
| US8505642B2 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2013-08-13 | Firetrace Usa, Llc | Methods and apparatus for dual stage hazard control system |
| GB2500704B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-03-25 | Goodwin Plc | Fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing medium |
| CA2947004C (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2019-05-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dry powder fire-fighting composition |
| CN104841082A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-19 | 铜陵祥云消防科技有限责任公司 | Fire extinguishing agent containing modified illite powder, and preparation method thereof |
| WO2019222632A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | Unifrax I Llc | Fire protective compositions and associated methods |
| US20190374804A1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Compositions for fire suppressant powders |
| CN110368632B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-09 | 刘运喜 | Multifunctional green environment-friendly fire extinguishing fluid and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN110870963A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-03-10 | 四川天地同光科技有限责任公司 | Novel fire-fighting material and preparation method thereof |
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| DE608037C (en) * | 1928-02-10 | 1935-01-14 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Fire extinguishers |
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| US4664843A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-05-12 | The Dow Chemical Company | Mixed metal layered hydroxide-clay adducts as thickeners for water and other hydrophylic fluids |
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- 1988-11-08 WO PCT/DE1988/000692 patent/WO1989004694A1/en not_active Ceased
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| AU605937B2 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
| AU2617688A (en) | 1989-06-14 |
| EP0375741A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| DE3739177C1 (en) | 1989-02-02 |
| WO1989004694A1 (en) | 1989-06-01 |
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